Unit 7 Digital media , Oo ea Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France FEATURES 11 Look at the photo. What are these people doing and why? Would you do the same? Why? / Why not? 82. Selfie world 2. EXEI Work in pairs, Discuss the questions. Then listen toa A study of global facts journalist talking about digital technology and compare your about selies answers. Do you agree with him? 84 Creating a buzz 1 How do gta media change the wayne experienc the How companies use social 2. How do audiences use digital media at concerts, festivals media marketing and conferences? 3. Do you think digital media enhance our experiences ot 86 A hacker's spoil them? Aday at the DefCon area 3 [REI What different digital media did the journalist mention? Tisten again and check your answers, 90 Talking dictionaries a A video about how digital Then discuss your answers. media is preserving dying languages Categorize the activities (a-c) according to how you use them. a things that you do yourself > you benefit from others doing, you never do chat online download music post comments on forums review products tweet upload photos use professional networking sites _ use social networking sites write a blog ‘THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL MEDIA BRANDS ATTITUDES TO SECURITY MAKING A PODCAST a my life yews nerort0 8 reading global facts about selfies + wordbuilding verb prefix out * grammar passive reporting verbs * speaking the impact of digital medi 7a Selfie world Reading 1 Look at this caption that accompanied a ‘selfic’ What are the names for the symbols used? What expression has the caption been adapted from? “© Believe in your #selfie! Work in pairs. What do you think is the best way to take a good selfie? Read the first paragraph of the article and compare your ideas. 3. Read the rest of the article. Try to find information about the following things: 1 how many selfies are taken each year 2 what kind of people take selfies 3. what is particular about selfies taken by people: a inLondon — b inSio Paulo 4 how long it takes to take a selfie 5. the possible reasons that people take selfies The basic idea of aselfe is simple: flip the view on your pphone so that you are looking at the image you are taking; hold the phone away from you - usually at a high angle to ‘make your eyes look bigger and slightly right o left to show off your ‘bes’ side; and then click. Setfies have only been around since 2011, but tis said that in 2015 an incredible 24 billion such images were uploaded Using Google's photo app. And that is only Google's app: it does not include Facebook, Instagram or Apple applications, which are believed to account fora far greater propartion of ‘see’ traffic Lev Manovich, professor at ity University of New York and expert in digital media, was keen to get more data on this cultural phenomenon and so set up the projec ‘Selfiecity’ Taking six world cities as examples — London, New York, Bangkok, Sao Paulo, Berlin and Moscow — his study looked _at who was posting these images and what the main characteristics of the images were. Ths is what it found. Wordbuilding verb prefix out > WORDBUILDING verb prefix out When out is used as a prefix to a verb, it often means doing something ‘more than’ or ‘better than’ outweigh, outperform, outstay For further practice, see Workbook page 58 4 Look atthe wordbuilding box. Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs. The first one is from the article. outclass outgrow outlive outnumber outsell outweigh 1... women selfie-takers men. 2 My kids their clothes very quickly 3. Theadvantages the disadvantages, 4 iPhones ‘Samsung phones again, 5. She completely her opponent 6 She her husband by fifteen years Fist ofall, it's a young person's game: the average selfie takers age is around 24, although that age is thought to have risen slightly since the inital research was done, Secondly, women selfie-takers ‘outnumber men, making up 55 per cent in Bangkok, 65 per cent ‘S20 Paulo and 82 per cent in Moscow. Further analysis showed thet London selfes have the most poses ‘straight to camera’ —in other cities people take pictures from more of an angle — wile Bangkok selfies are the most smiley (London and Moscow are the leat) ‘0 Paulo boasts the most expressive selfies. But perhaps the mas. surprising thing is how long they take to produce. People were reported to be spending on average seven minutes om each sefie. That isnot just the time needed to take the picture; it ‘aso includes editing, deciding on a caption and perhaps adding a hashtag or emoji Manovich’s study does not provide reasons for these global Variations or for the phenomenon as a whole, but it has been ‘observed by other researchers that in an age where online image, ‘matters, the slfe snow an indispensable toolUnit 7 Digital media Grammar passive reporting reporting verb + that that in 2015, 24 billion such images were ect + passive reporting verb + to + infinitive applications are believed to account for afar + proportion of ‘slfe’ traffic age is thought to have risen slightly since the tial research was done. ere reported to be spending seven minutes on sch self. urther information and practice, see page 168. Look at the grammar box. Answer the questions. 1 What is the tense of each underlined pas reporting verb? Does the tense of the underlined passive reporting verb always match the time of the event which is reported? 3. In which sentence(s) is the agent included? Why is it included here? 4 Why do we often find this type of verb in news reports and in academic writing? ive Rewrite the underlined words. Start with the words in brackets and use passive reporting verbs. 1 Wedon’t really know why women take more selfies than men. (It) 2 Many have said that the social pressure on ‘women to look good is an important factor. (It) 3. People also believe that the proportion of men taking selfies is increasing. (The proportion) 4 People think that another reason for the popularity of selfies is their democratic nature. (Another reason for the popularity of selfies) 5 Someone reported that last year pictures of ‘ordinary’ people outnumbered those of celebrities by a million to one. (Last year, pictures of ‘ordinary’ people) 6 Noone expects that the selfie phenomenon will end soon. (The selfie phenomenon) 7 People think that it will begin to decrease in the coming years. (It) § At the same time, people report that banks have started looking at selfies as a possible replacement for passwords and PIN numbers (Atthe same time, banks) 7 Complete the headlines from the radio news. Use the correct form of the passive reporting verbs. 1 Twomen (report / be arrested) earlier today in connection with a robbery in the town centre. 2. Builders (say / work) around the clock to finish the new stadium in time for the official opening, on 12th July. 3. The Prime Minister (expect / announce) big tax cuts in a speech later today. 4 Three climbers, who (fear / die), have turned up at their base camp six days after they went missing. 5 Aportrait, which (claim / be) Picasso's last ever painting, will go on sale later today. 6 It (suggest) that a photo showing water on the surface of Mars is a fake. Work in pairs. Write three sentences announcing a piece of news using passive reporting verbs. Use the words in the boxes to help you, if you like. Then read your sentences to another pair and question ‘each other about further details of the story. Tuo walkers are reported to have gone missing during their round-the-world trip. ‘adog twowalkers a famous celebrity round-the-world trip a fireman ‘the US president a photo an app $100 million an old coin three sisters a four-year-old boy Passi eno believe claim expect fear know report say suggest suppose think Speaking 9 Work in small groups. Read the statements and discuss if you agree with them. 1. Taking selfies is thought by many to be a sign of vanity. 2. The obsession with self-image is feared to be causing an increase in insecurity among young people. 3. It’ssaid that overuse of digital media has given us ‘grasshopper minds’ (ie.a very short attention span). 4. The huge volume of information that we now have to process is believed to have made us more critical thinkers, not less. 5 The fact that you can make comments anonymously and from a distance is often said to be the reason why a lot of online comments, are angry and aggressive. > iam >> ANEWS REPORT ERSSSISINTISIN > eaanos > arrimuves To SECURITY > MAKING A PODCASTlistening social media marketing * idioms business buzz words * grammar nominalization * speaking brands 7b Creating a buzz Listening 41 Work in pairs. Answer the questions. Then discuss your answers. 1 What kind of advertising do you take most notice of: TV, magazine, online, other? 2. Has any new company or product attracted your interest recently? How did they do this? 2 Look at the photo and answer the questions 1 What are the children selling? 2 What benefits are they offering the buyer? What advertising tools do they use to communicate these benefits? worthy (2) "wa:0i/ admirable, deserving respect 3 [EET Listen to an interview with a social media marketing specialist, Sarah Palmer, and answer the questions. According to Sarah: 1 What kind of customers can you get with successful social media marketing? What two companies are good examples of this? 4 EXEL Liston to the interview again. Are the statements true (1) or false (F), according to Sarah? 1 Good marketing means getting customers to share their enthusiasm about your company with others. Customers aren’t really interested in the story behind the products they are buying 3 National Geographic uses competitions to involve Visitors to their website 4 National Geographic does not use special offers to sell its products Itis difficult to involve the customer if you are selling a more everyday product. 6. The interactive tour of the teas of China on the tea company’s website isa bit serious, but very informative. Idioms business buzz words 5 A buzz word’ isa word or expression that is fashionable at the moment. There are many examples in business. Work in pairs. Look atthe words in bold from the interview and discuss what they mean 1 We hear about companies being customer- focused all the time these days. And if you can provide those things, and get them to buy into your story, 3 Our research into social media marketing has given us some great examples of best practice 6 Match the business buzz words (1-8) with the correct definition (a-h). 1 How much are we talking about? Give mea ballpark figure. 2. This is the area we need to concentrate on going forward, 3. Keep me in the loop. I'd be interested to know what happens. 4 You can understand it, surely? It’s not rocket Great. I'm glad that we're on the same page. Finding out we weren't the only ones developing this product was a big reality chedt We're looking for really fresh ideas, so try to think outside the box 8. It's a win-win situation, a advantageous to both sides b_ be imaginative moment to face the true facts d_ rough estimate e simple fin the future 8 h understand each other up to date with eventsUnit 7 Digital media Grammar nominalization rb noun nominalization ‘if you can create a loyal following, it is a much more effective long-term strategy. The creation of a loyal following is a much more effective long-term strategy. Hfyou engage your customers, it will boost sales. Customer engagement will boost sales tive noun nominalization {tS pointless being focused an your customer if they A focus on your customer is pointless if they .. Good marketing is when you are able to turn your ‘eustomers into fans. Good marketing is an ability to turn your customers into fans. ‘types of nominalization That is mainly why they are so successful is the main reason for their success. ther information and practice, see page 168. Look at the grammar box. Compare the pairs of sentences (With and without nominalization). Then say if sentences (a-c) below are true (T) or false (F). Nominalization allows us to: a make an action into a noun, b emphasize who is responsible for an action. € express ideas more concisely and objectively. Rewrite these phrases. Use nominalized forms of the underlined verbs and adjectives. He intends to His isto Alter they announced the winner Following the of the winner Noone knew they had discovered it No one knew of their respect that she wishes to be private Irespect her tobe private J appreciate that you are concerned Tunderstand your Is understandable that they are angry Their is understandable ‘Complete the transformation of these sentences, Use nominalized forms of the underlined words, 1 How quickly a company responds to a complaint indicates clearly how interested they ate in keeping their customers satisfied. Acompany’s speed of toa complaint isa clear of their true in customer When you interact with customers on social media it can be risky, because people will somment things that are negative as well as positive with customers on social media of receiving negative as well as positive ones. brings the > ANEWS REPORT 10 Rewrite the sentences, nominalizing the underlined words, You will need to make other changes too (e.g, prepositions). 1 Ifyou want to be successful, you need to prepare well and work hard. comes from and 2. People who lead well are able to say thank you to the people who work for them, have to thank 3. Ifyou are honest in business your business partners will respect you. will eam you your business partners. 4 When companies compete with each other, they are forced to reduce costs. leads to a costs. 11 Wealso use nominalization with passive verbs. Rewrite the underlined words using nominalized forms and the passive form of the verbs in brackets. 1 We paid by direct bank transfer. (make) Payment was made 2 We hotels. (make) 3. They.will decide tomorrow. (take) 4 Noone explained the long delay in delivery. (give) 5 Youshould complain in writing to the customer services department. (make) 6 ‘They researched the new drug over a ten-year period. (carry out) 7 Youcan‘t photograph the inside of the building. (take) for the guests to stay in local Speaking ~ mylite. 12 Answer the questions. Then work in pairs and compare your answers 1 Make a list of six things you have bought recently (clothes, food, gadgets, household products, etc.). Which are brands that you are loyal to? 2. Explain why you are loyal to these brands. Is it because of * their quality or image? ‘what others say about them? their social media marketing? other? > THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL MEDIA >| >» ATTITUDES TO SECURITY. > MAKING A PODCASTreading a day at a hackers’ conference * critical thinking identifying personal opinion + word focus break + speaking attitudes to security 7c A hacker’s life Reading 1. Workin pairs. How careful are you about your online security? Discuss what you do to keep your data safe and what more you could do. 2 Look at the two definitions of a ‘hacker’. Which definition fits your idea of a hacker? Then read the article about a hackers’ conference on page 87 and. say what the author's view is. hacker (9) Phacka! 1 an enthusiastic and skilful computer programmer 2 a person who uses computers to gain ‘unauthorized access to daca 3 Read the article again and answer the questions. Compare your answers with your partner. 1. What do DefCon hackers do to help improve internet security? 2 What are most hackers not? 3. What do hackers look at apart from online security? 4 What do they do with the information they find? 5. What does the writer like about the people at DefCon? 6 What phrase sums up what Capture the Flag is? 7 What does the writer say about the majority of people who use the internet? 8 What really motivates the hackers at DefCon? 4 Has your opinion of hackers changed after reading, this article? How? Discuss with your partner 5 Find collocations in the article that mean the following a avery false description (para 2) b_ fix the gaps in something that could leak (para 3) ¢ allack of politeness (para 5) with poor lighting (para 6) € apiece of furniture where documents are stored (para 7) £a.person who is expert in (and obsessed with) computer technology (para 8) Critical thinking identifying personal opinion © Work in pairs. Underline the adjectives and adverbs in the article that the writer uses to express his personal opinion about hackers and what they do for us. Every year passionate hackers meet... (para 2) 7 Summarize the author's views about the following things. a hackers b_ the DefCon convention the situation of most internet users Word focus break 8 Work in pairs. Find an expression with break in paragraph 1 and discuss what it means. Then look at these expressions (1-6) and discuss what you think they mean, 1. The manager called everyone together to break the news about the company closing, 2. During the first lesson, the teacher got us to play a couple of games to break the ice. 3. Once you get into playing computer games every night, it’s very difficult to break the habi 4 You really should buy a new pair of shoes. It ‘won't break the bank. 5 It’sa very big job but I think we've broken the back of it now. 6 We didn’t make a profit but I think at least we broke even 9 Write a sentence using one of the expressions wil break, Read it to your partner, omitting the phi and ask them to guess what the missing phrase Speaking 40 Work in pairs. Look at the questionnaire on page 15d and ask each other the questions. Then evaluate each other's attitude to security on a of | to 5 (5 = very aware, 1 = unconcerned) and exposure to risk (5 = very safe, I = very exposeHave you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to break in? First, you get a sense of ‘accomplishment in succeeding. But then comes the ‘worrying realization that if you, an amateur, can break Into your own home, a professional could do it five ‘times faster. So you look for the weak points in your security and fix them. Well, that’s more or less how the Defcon hackers’ conference works. Every year passionate hackers meet at the DefCon. ‘convention in Las Vegas to present their knowledge and ‘capabilities. Mention the word ‘hacker’ and many of us picture a seventeen-year-old in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US's defence secrets in the Pentagon. (Or we just think ‘criminals’. But that is actually a gross misrepresentation of what most hackers do. The experiments that take place at DefCon have an. enormous impact on our daily lives. These are computer, addicts who love the challenge of finding security gaps. They examine all kinds of systems, from the internet to mobile communications to household door locks. And then they try to hack them. Their findings are dutifully passed on to the industries that design these systems so that they can plug the holes. |saw a great example of this when | attended a presentation on electronic door locks. The presenters Showed us significant weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks. A bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was easily defeated by a paperclip. Although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were then contacted by the hackers, not all of them responded. Defcon is a vast mix of cultures as well as a culture in itself. People in dark clothes and ripped jeans talk to people in golf shirts and suit trousers. Social status here is based on knowledge and accomplishment, not on thing labels or what car you drive. It's refreshing, ‘THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL MEDIA BRANDS [ANEWS REPORT my life ee eee Es ‘There are government agents here, as well as video ‘game enthusiasts. But no one asks where you work ~ that would be bad manners. DefCon runs various competitions during the conference, 40 the most famous of which is Capture the Flag. Capture the Flag is a cyber game of attack and defence between the best hackers that goes on 24 hours a day. In a dimly- lit conference hall, small groups of hackers sit five metres from each other, intensely trying either to break 45 into or to protect the system. There are huge video projections on the walls, pizza boxes and coffee cups are strewn everywhere. It's mesmerizing, In another room, participants compete against the clock: they have five minutes to free themselves from $0. handcuffs, escape from their ‘cell’, get past a guard, retrieve their passport from a locked filing cabinet, leave through another locked door, and make their escape to freedom, you're someone who dismisses the DefCon attendees 55 asa group of computer geeks, then you are probably also someone who has the same password for ninety peer cent of your online transactions. Which means you are doomed. Because even if you think you're being clever by using your grandmother’ birth date backwards 60 ‘as a secure key, you're no match for the dedicated people that | met. There is no greater ignorance to be found ‘online than that of an average internet user. I'm happy now to admit that I'm one of them. But it isn’t just criminals that we need to protect our 65 data from. Big business i also trying to get more and more information about our personal online habits. Sadly, we have few tools to protect ourselves. But there is a group of people who are fanatical about online freedom and safety and have the means to help us 70 vulnerable users protect our privacy. Many of them can be found at Defcon. [MAKING A PODCAST eCe on eee _— Apodcast- making a podcast Work in pairs. Discuss the questions, 1 How do you prefer to access news stories and reports? Which do you think is the most trustworthy source? Why? a. print video b internet d_ audio 2 What kind of news stories and reports interest you particularly? Explain why arts and culture business science and environment sport travel other polities EFFI Look at the photo. Describe itand say what you think is happening. What kind of news report is this going to be? Listen to the podcast and check 5 Listen to the news report again and answer the questions. 1 What did scientists already know about these blue lights in the waves? 2. What more do they know now? new words With new words, try to look for clues to their pronunciation. For example: + Is there a familiar prefix or suffix? * Isa vowel followed by a single or a double consonant? * Does the length or type of word tell you where the stress is likely to be? Work in pairs and try to these words from the podcast. fess the pronunciation Martin Roddick emitted glowing phytoplankton bioluminescent predators BRANDS THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL MEDIA my life) news nerorr ATTITUDES TO SECURITY evn Toe IEG Listen and check your answers to Exercise 4a hedging language IEE] When we aren’t absolutely certain 3 facts, we commonly use ‘hedging’ language. Listen to the podcast again and match the hedging expressions the speakers use with each fact (1-6) 1 glowing blue waves are one of the most spectacular sights in nature 2. there are a lot of sea creatures that are bioluminescent 3. most of these creatures live in the deep ocean 4 or just lighting your way as you move around, 5. anelectrical force in the phytoplankton’s body causes a chemical reaction 6 the electricity is generated by motion in the water HEDGING LANGUAGE It seems/appears that ‘end(s)to This suggests that Its reasonable to assume that We can probably conclude that There are estimated to be There are thought to be Arguably Probably / Possibly / Most likely / Perhaps You are going to make a news podcast about a new discovery, Work in two groups of three Group A: Turn to page 154. Read the informatio Group B: Turn to page 155. Read the informati ‘© Discuss what you are going to say and prepa the story. Remember to use hedging languaga * Practise reading the story aloud, concentraiag on pace and clear pronunciation, Te one‘wing a news report * writing skill cautious language Writing a news report 1 Read the advice given to journalists below. Then Jook atthe photo and title ofthe article and, with your partner, write six questions Agood news report should answer the five Ws and the H - who, what, where, when, why and how —as quickly as possible for the reader before giving further details or information. 2 Read the news report and check your answers Did you find the answers quickly? 3 Which paragraph does the following: a. gives the writer's opinion? b gives essential information? © explains the details? 4 Writing skill cautious language 1a News reports (and academic reports) use cautious language when the information given cannot be verified 100%. Find an example of each of the following types of cautious language in the report 1 the verbs seem or appear 2. passive reporting verbs 3. adverbs that make generalizations 4 adverbs that speculate about a fact 5 modal verbs that express possibility Bb Rewrite these sentences using the words given loexpress more caution about each ofthe facts presented 1 His pictun (generally) He became internationally famous when a New York art dealer bought some of his works, (apparently) 3 His work makes people think more about their surroundings. (might) 4. He wants to draw our attention to what we cannot see in a picture. (seems) Bolin used friends at first to help him paint his pictures. (believed) es carry a strong social message. 5 Write a short news report about something that happened in your town or school recently: Use the five'W’s and the “H’ to know what information you should include and follow the structure in Exercise 3. Write around 150 words. my life nee 7e The Invisible Man Unit 7 Digital media In his work created in the summer of 2011 at his Being studio, Chinese artist Liu Bolin blends into a background of a supermarket soft crinks display. When his assistants brad finished painting him in, he seemed to have. isappeared. Entitled ‘Plasticizer’, the piece expresses Bolin’s shock at the discovery of plasticizer in food products. Plastioizer is normally used to make materials like cement more flexible. ‘Such pictures have made Bolin internationally famous, ‘which is ironic because its said he used them orginally to make a statement about feeling ignored by society. Bolin loves the challenge of blending into any surroundings: building site, a telephone box, a national monument. No trick photography or Photoshopping is used and careful planning is needed for each image. First, before entering the scene, he tells the photographer haw he would like the picture to look. Then he asks his assistant to paint him in, This process can take up to ten hours while Bolin stands completely stil, presumably in some discomfort. The pictures may be unusual, But they appear to have appealed to people all over the world because more recently, Bolin has received commissions to do similar paintings in New York, Paris, Venioe, Rome and London. Exchange news reports with your partner. Use these questions to check your reports. * Does the report answer the six basic questions? * Does it follow the paragraph structure in Exercise 3? * Does it use cautious language appropriately? THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL MEDIA. > BRANDS > ATTITUDES TO SECURITY > MAKING A PODCASTTalking dictionariesBefore you watch 1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Can you think of three languages which are spoken in more than one country? Which is the most widespread? Is your language spoken in another country? Ifo, where? 3 Is another language, such as English, replacing or influencing your language or other languages in your country? 2 How can we save lesser-spoken languages from being dominated or replaced by ‘world languages? Is it important to do this? Why? / Why not? 3 Key vocabulary @ Read the sentences. The words in bold are used inthe vicleo. Guess the meaning of the words. 1 Because so many have been killed for their ivory, the elephant is now an endangered species. 2. He said that he would not have won the award without the collaboration of his university colleagues, 3. They published a lexicon of terms used in the digital media field. 4 Swallows are migratory birds which travel from northern Europe to North Africa each autumn, There are very few indigenous people left on the islands: most are foreign settlers, ib Match the words in bold in Exercise 3a with these definitions, a adictionary or word list b regularly travelling from one place to another © native 4 atrisk (of dying out) © working together While you watch 4 CARAT Watch the video and compare your answers from Exercise 2 with what the speaker says 5 CORD Watch the first part of the video (0.00 to 102) again. Answer the questions. 1 How many of the world’s languages are endangered? Why are these languages dying out? What are the more technologically aware communities doing to preserve their languages? Unit 7 Digital media 6 COREE Watch the second part of the video (1.08 £0 229) again. Then complete the summary ofthe Talking Dictionaries project using one word per space The aim of Talking Dictionaries is to give endangered languages a first-ever on the : An example is Siletz Dee-ni from Oregon, USA, which has only one > speaker. Words are recorded and made into a talking dictionary. The rich vocabulary helps you appreciate the cultural # The dictionary can then be used to” the language. 7 CREAT Match the last part of the video (2.30 to the end) again, Answer the questions. 1 What did the Papuan New Guinea villagers ask the Enduring Voices team? 2. What message did seeing the Matukar talking dictionary on the internet send to people? 3. What is special about the Tuvan talking dictionary? 4 Who do the Talking Dictionaries team want to spread the message ofthe importance of linguistic diversity to? 8 Which words do you remember from the two talking dictionaries that you saw? What did they tell you about those particular cultures? 1. Siletz Dee-ni (Oregon, US 2. Matukar Panau (Papua New Guinea) After you watch 9 Vocabulary in context @ CREA Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct meaning of the words and phrases: Complete the sentences in your own words. Then compare your sentences with a partner 1 Talways feel revitalized after 2. Talking to ... gave mea real insight into 3. Wemusin’t devalue ... because it/they play a really important role. 10 Work in groups of three or four. You are going to make your own small talking dictionary. ‘* Think of words or short phrases which are typical of your language and culture (e.g. social life, food, geography, weather). * Make a list of five or six of these and write an English translation for each. Read your phrases and their translations to your group. Then ask each other questions about why you chose these particular phrases. 11 Do you think that the internet helps promote cultural diversity or does it make cultures more similar and homogenous? Give examples to support your arguments,UNIT 7 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Grammar 11 Read the article. What is the Mariana Trench and what was Cameron's aim in visiting it? 2 Complete the article by making passive reporting verbs from the words in italics. You will need to use the correct verb form and tense "It say / be one of the greatest achievements in exploration since we put a man on the Moon. In March 2012, James Cameron piloted a one-person submersible to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. The trench, which ? know / be the deepest part of the ‘ocean, is 120 times larger than the Grand Canyon, Although *it already / know how the Mariana ‘Trench was formed, Cameron hoped that he would learn more about what was living in the deep ocean, ‘A famous Hollywood director (Titanic and Avatar), Cameron ‘say / have this ambition since he was a child. In achieving it, he became one of only three people to have dived to Earth's deepest point, and the only one to stay long enough to look around. In 1960, Swiss engineer Jacques Piccard and US navy ‘captain Don Walsh § report / spend twenty minutes in the Mariana depths, but without discovering much. Their submarine disturbed 2 lot of mud, making it difficult to see anything clearly. Cameron's submersible was equipped with a large bank of LED lights and stereo digital cameras to take 3D shots. But | it was not a comfortable expedition. The cabin of the submersible was so small that Cameron ®say / not be able even to stretch out his arms. 3) ESXME Rewrite these sentences from the article using nominalization, Then discuss why we sometimes use nominalization in writing, 1 Cameron hoped that he would learn more about what was living in the deep ocean. Cameron's ‘was to gain greater about in the deep 2. The submarine disturbed a lot of mud, making it difficult to observe the seabed. The lange of mud made seabed difficult. of th Vocabulary 4. Complete these sentences using the correct verbs report what has been said (using passive reporting verbs) ‘orm nouns from other parts of speech You have been given the first letter 1 Tew the wedding photos onto this website. Just c (on the link here. I think RT were the first channel to b the news, Ive never met him, but he's alway P ‘comments on my social networking page. 4 Don’t you know her? She w funny blog about life in Ireland. Before you buy a new laptop, you should see which ones have been favourably r 6 Readers of online newspapers 0 readers of print newspapers by ten to one, 5 ESET Match the two pars ofthese business buzz words. Then discuss the meanings with your parte. 1 ballpark a. practice 2. racket b check 3. best ©. science 4 reality di figure 5 going e win 6 win f forward talk about different digital media understand business buzz words Real life 6 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets 0 that the speaker sounds fess certain ofthe fc. 1. Gorillas are shy creatures, (tend) 2. There are around 340 different breeds of dog, (estimated) 3. We can conclude that this is the main cause of the problem. (reasonable) 4 Noone knows the real reason. (appears) 5. This demonstrates that the current regulations are ineffective. (suggests) 6 She is the greatest actor of her generation. (arguably) 7 BEXID Work in pairs. Use the hedging phrases in Exercise 6 to make four statements about exploration ofthe deep sea and James Cameron. Then compare statements with another pat use hedging language