Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Technological Institute of the Philippines - Quezon City

College of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

The efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous

Concrete Overlay
Presented to the Faculty of Civil Engineering
Technological Institute of the Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for CE 405-Construction Materials and
Testing

Prepared by:

ARCUENO, RYAN
CALCES, JHON VIC
CONDE, KAYE
DIOLOLA, MA. TRACIA
RANOLA, MARK JOSEPH
RODRIGUEZ, JOVANIE
SANTOS, MARIA ANGELICA
TERCIAS, BHEA CLARISSE

Submitted to

Engr. Jhon Vincent Rey D. Sadicon

Instructor

Date:
December 10, 2022

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY PLEDGE

I swear on my honor that I did not use any inappropriate aid, nor give such to others, in accomplishing this
coursework. I understand that cheating and plagiarism is a major offense, as stated in TIP Memorandum No.
P-04, s. 2017-2018, and I will be sanctioned appropriately once I have committed such acts.
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Technological Institute of the Philippines - Quezon City

College of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

APPROVAL SHEET

This study entitled “Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for
Bituminous Concrete Overlay" was prepared and submitted by Arcueno, Ryan,
Calces, Jhon Vic, Conde, Kaye, Diolola, Ma. Tracia, Ranola, Mark Joseph,
Rodriguez, Jovanie, Santos, Maria Angelica, Tercias, Bhea Clarisse in partial
fulfillment of the requirement on Construction Materials and Testing (CE 405) for
the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering has been examined and
recommended for approval, and acceptance.

Engr. Jhon Vincent Rey D. Sadicon

Research Adviser

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for CE 405

Engr. Allan Benogsudan

Department Chair
Civil Engineering Department
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement ---------------------------------------------------------------------- I
Dedication --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- II
Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ III

CHAPTER I
 Background of the Study ------------------------------------------------------ 1
 Statement of the Problem ----------------------------------------------------- 2
 Significance of the Study ------------------------------------------------------ 3
 Definition of Terms -------------------------------------------------------------- 4
CHAPTER II
 Local -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
 Foreign ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
CHAPTER III
 Project Design -------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
 Data Gathering Procedures --------------------------------------------------- 10
 Research Locale ----------------------------------------------------------------- 11
 Project Development ------------------------------------------------------------ 12
 Making of Samples -------------------------------------------------------------- 14
CHAPTER IV
 Mashall Stability Test ----------------------------------------------------------- 15
• Specimen Height and Gravity --------------------------------------- 15
• Weight of Air, Water, SSD ------------------------------------------- 16
• Bulk Specific Gravity --------------------------------------------------- 16
• Marshall Stability ------------------------------------------------------- 17
• Flow of Asphalt Mixture ----------------------------------------------- 18
• Air Voids ------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
CHAPTER V
 Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
 Recommendation ---------------------------------------------------------------- 21
REFERENCES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
APPENDICES
 Letter -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
 Documentation ------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
 Curriculum Vitae ----------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Thickness of Conventional Samples

Table 2. Thickness of Crumb Rubber Samples
Table 3. Weight of Air, Water and SSD of Conventional Samples
Table 4. Weight of Air, Water and SSD of Crumb Rubber Samples
Table 5. Bulk Specific Gravity of Conventional Samples
Table 6. Bulk Specific Gravity of Crumb Rubber Samples
Table 7. Calculated Marshall Stability of Conventional Samples
Table 8. Calculated Marshall Stability of Crumb Rubber Samples
Table 9. Calculated Flow of Conventional Samples
Table 10. Calculated Flow of Crumb Rubber Samples
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost, we would like to thank the Lord for providing us the
strength in mind, body, and soul. Through His unending guidance, we completed the
experiment satisfactorily. Without Him, this achievement would not have been
possible.

In this course subject, we have found a great professor and a supportive

adviser, Engr. Jhon Vincent Rey D. Sadicon. He has given us invaluable guidance
throughout the experiment and inspiration in having the tenacity to pursue our goals.
All the knowledge and advice he shared with us will always be remembered.

Also, we appreciate Engr. Cielito De Guzman, and the entire DPWH-BRS

laboratory staff for assisting us with our experiment and offering us a wealth of both
personal and professional advice.

Our acknowledgment would be incomplete without expressing our very own

gratitude for the unending love, care, and support of our family. They were the
biggest source of our motivation to surpass all our challenges.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

DEDICATION

This study is sincerely dedicated to our family who has always been there
supporting us in all aspects. Showing their love and care drives us to study hard and
inspires us to achieve our goals. They motivate and give us strength whenever we
want to give up.

Also, we dedicated this to our relatives, friends, and mentor who gave us
words of advice that helped us to finish the study. The encouragement they shared
with us inspires us to look forward and foresee what the future holds for us. We
cannot believe how powerful a piece of the motivational word leads us to this
achievement.

Lastly, we dedicated this study to the Lord who never fails us. He protects us
and always shows other ways to make things accordingly. We offer all of these to the
Lord.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

ABSTRACT

In the current day, cars have changed from becoming a luxury purchase to a necessity
for humans. Because people need to move around a lot, especially in cities, cars
became useful and have steadily grown in popularity. As a result, the production of tire is
also extremely increasing, occasionally, it is given that tires wear off and it needs to
replace.
Since they were first developed about 200 years ago, tires have been used in a
wide variety of applications. Over one billion passenger cars are estimated to be in use
worldwide. Think about how many tires will eventually be thrown out. An estimated 280
million tires are wasted annually. Tires decompose relatively slowly; they do not
biodegrade right away. A tire may possibly take 50 to 80 years, or even longer, to
break down in a landfill.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding crumb rubber to
asphalt mixture using wet process and investigate the hardness and consistency of an
Asphalt Mixture. The laboratory hot mix asphalt design tests were done by Marshall
method procedure.
Since rubber tires is a hydrophobic material, it can be considered as an additive
on making an asphalt mixture. In construction, asphalt plays an important role on
highways and freeways because it offers a smooth surface to vehicles who often use
highways and freeways, it gives vehicles a better contact or grip on the ground -and
also asphalt gives a much longer life to a tire. Therefore, it will be very helpful if we add
rubber to asphalt because the liquid will slow its aging and oxidation of the resultant
binder, extending pavement life by reducing brittleness and cracking.
Open-graded asphalt mixes with rubber-modified asphalt binders offer lower
hydroplaning, vehicle spray, and pavement noise. It can be an option to reduce its
harmful effects on the environment and at the same time make a cost-efficient asphalt
mixture.
The design of the project began with the gradation of aggregates prior to mixing.
Aggregates were mixed with shredded tires and cold asphalt. During the molding
process, tampering was required.
As part of the compaction process, the molded sample was cooled and then
tested to see if the design was adequate. Predetermined amounts of the aggregate
fractions for each gradation were combined. These were dried and batch-mixed before
being thoroughly mixed with asphalt and shredded tire fraction.
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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In this modern age, cars have evolved into a human necessity from once being a
luxury purchase. Since people, especially in the cities, require great mobility, cars
became handy, and their numbers increased exponentially throughout the years.
Though cars make people’s lives efficient, it compromises our environmental
state. According to the research done by Emissions Analytics, a UK-based independent
testing company, car parts, specifically tires, create pollution which is found to be 1,850
times higher than emissions from the tailpipes of modern cars, according to the latest
testing. This also showed that used tires produce 36 milligrams of particles each
kilometer, which is nearly 2,000 times higher than the 0.02 mg/km average from
exhausts.
In the same study, it was discovered that tire wear includes carcinogens among
other harmful compounds. Some tires were also made from synthetic rubber that is
made with crude oil which can immediately pollute sources by entering water and soil.
Tires were created approximately 200 years ago, and their applications continue
to expand. It is believed that there are over a billion passenger automobiles around the
globe. Consider the number of tires that will eventually be discarded. Each year, an
estimated 280 million tires are wasted. Tires do not biodegrade immediately, in fact, they
break down very slowly. It can even take 50-80 years or sometimes longer for a tire to
decompose in a landfill.
Since rubber is a hydrophobic material, the use of used tires can be considered
as an additive in the asphalt mixture. In construction, asphalt plays an important role
because it is a material that offers a smooth surface, giving tires on cars and other
vehicles a lot better contact and grip on the ground. Therefore, it will be very helpful if we
add rubber to asphalt because the liquid will slow its aging and oxidation of the resultant
binder, extending pavement life by reducing brittleness and cracking. Open-graded
asphalt mixes with rubber-modified asphalt binders offer lower hydroplaning, vehicle
spray, and pavement noise. It can be an option to reduce its harmful effects on the
environment and at the same time make a cost-efficient asphalt mixture.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Statement of the Problem

The research is conducted to further investigate the effect of using Recycled

Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay.

Specifically, it aims to further answer the following questions:

1. Is recycled tire rubber an effective additive in bituminous concrete overlay?

2. What is the optimum rubber tire content for a bituminous concrete overlay?

3. What are the optimum curing days for rubber tire pieces to attain
maximum strength?

4. Is there a significant difference between the bituminous concrete overlay

using recycled rubber tire (RTR) as an additive and the ordinary
bituminous concrete overlay?

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

To the Engineering Students,

The study will help engineering students by providing related literature and a
reference for their expected design experiment. Also, it will be informative material
for them to know and maximize their knowledge regarding the importance of
maximum strength of the concrete mixture.

To the Community,
The study will be beneficial to them because producing a cost-effective
concrete mixture and at the same time meeting the requirement in terms of its
strength will help them. The use of recycled tire rubber can be considered as an
additive in Bituminous Concrete Overlay. In addition, it contributes to the
environment by reducing rubber waste which can have a positive effect on the
health of the community.

To the other researchers,

This will help other researchers conducting the same study and it could
be an added material for strengthening their study.

The significance of the study is to provide a cost-effective Bituminous Concrete

Overlay using recycled rubber tires. Also, reducing the volume of old tires will
contribute to the environment and health safety of the community.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This research focuses on the efficacy of rubber tires as an additive in a concrete

overlay. A main experiment makes up the experimental work conducted for this study:
Marshall Stability test, which determine Flow of Asphalt Mixture and Air Voids.
This study could, however, have certain limitations. Tests are run in accordance
with previous research on the topic. The availability of testing materials posed a
problem for the element of data collection as well. Therefore, researchers chose
several options that could possibly have an impact on the data gathered.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Definition of Terms

Asphalt - also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid
form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product and
is classed as a pitch. Before the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used.

Tires - a rubber cushion that fits around a wheel as of an automobile and usually
contains compressed air

Carcinogen- also known as cancerogen, is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation

that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer. This may be due to the ability to
damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes.

Automobiles - a Road vehicle, typically with four wheels, powered by an internal

combustion engine or electric motor and able to carry a small number of people.

Biodegradable- a substance capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living

organisms.

Hydrophobic- Hydrophobic is a property of a substance that repels water. It means

lacking affinity for water and tending to repel or not to absorb water. Hydrophobic
molecules tend to be non-polar molecules and group together. Oils and fats are
hydrophobic.

Aggregate- a material or structure formed from a loosely compacted mass of fragments

or particles.

Hydroplaning – aquaplaning or hydroplaning by the tires of a road vehicle, aircraft, or

another wheeled vehicle occurs when a layer of water builds between the wheels of
the vehicle and the road surface, leading to a loss of traction that prevents the vehicle
from responding to control inputs.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The sections below are the various studies with regards to the Efficiency of
Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Aggregate for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Local
According to Simeon, the local government of Quezon City and Holcim Philippines,
Inc. (formerly Union Cement) forged recently an agreement to promote the proper disposal
of used tires. With an estimated 200,000 tons of used tires generated in the country
every year, the move was deemed urgent to help reduce mounting environmental problems
and health risks due to improper disposal of tires. Used tires can only be recapped up
to three times before motorists discard them.
The Philippines is Southeast Asia's fourth-largest producer of solid waste with
14.66 million tons produced annually, while the region produces 1.14 kg of waste per
person per day (Jain, 2017). In Metro Manila, Quezon city remains to be the most
populated and biggest waste generator. Waste generation has climbed to 0.88
kg/capita/day, according to the Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS)
carried out by the QC Environmental Protection and Waste Management Department
(EPWMD, 2013). The same survey also revealed that the amount of waste produced
per person rises by 3.33% annually. Another WACS by QC Solid Waste Controlled
Disposal Facility (2011) reports 5.8% of waste mass components are rubber and
leather. According to s. 3 of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000,
rubber tires fall under the category of special waste, which is often handled separately
from normal household and business waste.

Every year, the nation produces over 200,000 tons of used tires. Due to poor
management and regulation, discarded tires frequently end up improperly dispersed,
clogging drainage systems and creeks, or are inefficiently piled up in landfills where,
due to their size and ability to trap harmful gasses like methane, they provide a
breeding ground for disease. The vast amount of waste tire rubber that exists
nowadays is a severe issue that has an influence on the environment. Incorporating
waste tires in construction materials has been practiced for many years. One approach
is the usage of so-called recycled rubber as coarse aggregate for concrete mixtures.
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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Concrete projects will be more affordable and cost-effective due to the addition of cut
rubber tire pellets to concrete mixtures, which will drastically reduce the amount of
conventional coarse particles needed in concrete. There is also a significant 10-20%
reduction in the overall weight of the concrete (Ganiron Jr, 2014).

There are around 1 million registered vehicles. According to estimates, there

more than 4 million used and discarded tires can be found in our stockpiles, landfills,
and backyards in the current nation (Tujan, 2000). The decreasing availability and
rising price of natural resources utilized in road construction sparked research into the
potential applications of waste materials like rubber.

Crumb rubber tire (CRT) has also been utilized as fine aggregates in an asphalt
mix. The findings demonstrated reduced material cost compared to normal asphalt
mix, despite the decrease in stability as CRT content rises (Muhi & Tana, 2021). Usage
of rubber as an additive for conventional asphalt in the creation of asphalt concrete for
road paving is one appropriate use. It turned out to be an effective answer for various
types of issues within infrastructure and road construction. Wherever this material was
employed, improved efficiency and lower costs of maintenance were guaranteed for all
applications.

Research studies have demonstrated the utilization of recycled scrap tires as

high-performing additives for asphalt pavement. These studies prepared the way for
the creation of the in related to the rising cost of constructing and the necessity to
contribute to the resolution of the ever-growing environmental backlog problems. It is
acknowledged that recycling used tires as aggregates in asphalt modifiers for road
construction can help with the present waste disposal problem. Scrap waste tires in
asphalt roads mitigate road noise and lessen the number of waste tires. In terms of the
Marshall Test, better stability is acquired with a longer rate of curing (Ganiron Jr,
2014). The method to recycle used tires by so-called recycled rubber created by
cutting or scraping actual waste materials into tiny pieces that can be used in a variety
of industrial industries. The use of this rubber as an additive for conventional asphalt in
the creation of asphalt concrete for road paving is one appropriate use for it. It turned
out to be an effective answer for many types of issues with infrastructure construction.
Wherever this material was employed, improved efficiency and lower costs of
maintenance were guaranteed for all applications.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Foreign

Tire consumption has significantly expanded as a result of the brisk growth of

the auto and transportation industries, necessitating the yearly disposal of enormous
amounts of scrap tire trash. Simultaneously, the continued growth in traffic volumes
and the neglect of necessary highway and road maintenance have led to the
premature deterioration of numerous asphalt pavements all over the world.
According to several studies, adding leftover tire rubber to asphalt mixtures as a
cheap and environmentally benign modifier enhanced the overall qualities of asphalt
pavements. Based on this review, remarks about the use of recycled tire rubbers in
asphalt pavements have been made. Among these remarks is the usage of recycled
tire rubber as an additive in asphalt binder, addition of crumb rubber from waste scrap
tires to asphalt binder can improve the resistance to rutting and permanent
deformation of the pavement reduce fatigue cracking, improve durability against traffic
loads, and enhance pavement sustainability by saving energy and natural resources
and lowering the maintenance and repair costs of asphalt pavements; the rheological
properties of the rubber-modified asphalt binder. It was also found that adding crumb
rubber into asphalt binders can enhance the asphalt’s resistance to age hardening, an
increase in the rubber content in asphalt binder increases the elastic component of the
dynamic shear modulus, leading to improved recovery and rutting resistance of asphalt
pavements.
Due to rising vehicle use, the automotive industry's explosive growth, and
population growth, more garbage tires are being produced globally now than ever
before. Typically, motorcycles, vehicles, and trucks are where rubber tires come from.
Although some of these tires can be recycled, the majority are disposed of in landfills.
Since used tires are not biodegradable and collect in landfills, large quantities of them
are a concern. These dumps put the residents' health and environment in danger. Use
of end-of-life tires as a substitute for natural aggregate in concrete production is one
potential alternative to their disposal.
 According to (Cao, 2007), the three main methods used to dispose of used tires
in the world are landfill, burning, and recycling. The greatest solution to decrease
waste tires in large quantities and enhance various engineering qualities of asphalt
mixtures at the same time may be to apply recycled tire rubber to pavement. Recycled
tire rubber has been included in asphalt paving materials since the 1940s, when the
U.S. As a dry particle component to asphalt paving mixtures, Rubber Reclaiming

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Company started marketing a devulcanized recycled rubber product under the

name Ramflex.
In the early 1960s, RTR in asphalt pavements began to be used in its modern
context. Charles McDonald, a materials engineer for the City of Phoenix in Arizona,
created a surface patching substance. This was an aggregate topping and a very
elastic RTR modified binder. Along with various crack alleviation techniques and
open graded surface courses, McDonald's expertise has evolved to include the
implementation of big surface treatment projects. Due to the product's inherent
instability, in the early work asphalt rubber was field blended at the hot-mix facility and
used right away.
Rubberized concrete is an environmentally friendly building material made by
mixing rubber particles from old car tires into regular concrete instead of fine
aggregate. The addition of rubber particles significantly increases the wear resistance
of ordinary concrete. It has promising applications in hydraulic engineering, especially
in wear-resistant concrete parts. However, there are few experimental studies on the
wear resistance of rubber-filled concrete, and the laws and mechanisms of the
influence of rubber particles on the wear resistance of concrete are not understood.
The improvement in the wear resistance of concrete in hydraulic engineering
projects by the addition of rubber particles is particularly striking. The main
performance aspects are, concrete has improved wear resistance with high rubber
particle content and, rubberized concrete’s wear resistance is better than high-strength
silica powder concrete. This contrasts with the traditional understanding that stronger
concrete is more wear resistant. Therefore, the addition of rubber particles can be
attributed to promising application prospects for hydraulic structures requiring high
wear resistance of concrete. 
The stability of the mixture depends on the grading of the aggregates,
temperature, and size of the scrap waste tire. The advantages of scrap waste tires are:
it mitigates road noise and lessen the number of waste tires. In the terms of Marshall
Test, the longer rate of curing, the higher stability acquired.  

According to Guneyisi (2010), the use of crumb rubber as fine aggregates

increased the viscosity and setting time of concrete. Fly ash was used to reduce the
viscosity of the concrete and lessen the detrimental effects of the crumb rubber.
Recycled crumb rubber was investigated. For fines by Issa and Salem (2013) for use
as fine aggregate in concrete aggregates, they documented high compressive strength
for less than 25% replacements, but a significant reduction was observed after this

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

point. There was an almost 8% reduction in concrete density in the sample containing
25% crumb rubber. According to Dong et al. (2013), treated rubber-coated concrete
has a 10–20% higher compressive and splitting tensile strength than untreated rubber-
coated concrete. Concrete with coated rubber and concrete without rubber both had
about equal chloride ion resistance. The concrete with coated rubber showed
increased energy absorption capability.

According to Xue and Shinozuka (2013), the addition of silica fumes to concrete
can strengthen the binding between the cement paste and crumb rubber, as seen by
the rubberized silica fume concrete increasing compressive stresses. According to
Nayef et al. (2010), the addition of 5% silica fumes to rubberized concrete reduces the
amount by which compressive strength is lost when temperatures are high. Above 400
°C, the compressive strength of the concrete was equivalent to that of control concrete.

Zhang and Li (2012) conducted research on rubberized concrete's resistance to

abrasion. As additions, silica fumes and crumb rubber were chosen. According to
reports, adding silica fumes boosted the concrete's compressive strength and abrasion
resistance, whereas adding crumb rubber decreased the concrete's compressive
strength but significantly increased its abrasion resistance. Rubberized concrete
outperformed silica fume concrete in terms of abrasion resistance, and rubberized
concrete outperformed silica fume concrete significantly.

In concrete, Yilmaz and Degirmenci (2009) found that as rubber particle size
increased, water absorption decreased. According to Bravo and de Brito (2012), the
proportion of rubber and the size of the rubber particles both affect how much water
rubberized concrete can absorb when submerged. The capillary water absorption test
did not yield definitive results. According to Azevedo et al. (2012), concrete with a 15%
rubber component can nevertheless have minimal capillary activity. When compared to
tire chip-modified concrete, Li et al. (2004) found that waste tire fiber-modified concrete
had higher strength and stiffness. Comparing the two specimens to the control
specimens, the post-crack toughness of both was higher (without rubber). The strength
and stiffness of rubberized concrete can be improved by stiffening the tire fibers and
using thin fibers.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This study was conducted in order to assess rubber tires as an additive in the
asphalt mixture.
The credibility of findings and conclusions extensively depends on the project
design, data gathering procedure, research locale, and project development. This
chapter will be dedicated to the methods and procedures done in order to obtain the
data, how they will be analyzed, interpreted, and how the conclusion will be met.
This section is to justify the means by which the study was obtained and will
help in giving it purpose and strength as it will then be truthful and analytical. All this
will help in the processing of the data and the formulation of conclusions.

Project Design

The design of the project began with the gradation of aggregates prior to mixing.
Aggregates were mixed with shredded tires and cold asphalt. During the molding
process, tampering was required. As part of the compaction process, the molded
sample was cooled and then tested to see if the design was adequate. Predetermined
amounts of the aggregate fractions for each gradation were combined. These were
dried and batch-mixed before being thoroughly mixed with asphalt and shredded tire
fraction. This study suggested using 5.2% of the total cumulative weight of asphalt.
The scrap waste tire had a cubical shape and was retained in sieve no. 8. If the
smallest percentage of scrap tire used as an additive in the asphalt mixture fails to
meet the standards and specifications, the study should try a different amount or
percentage of this material

Data Gathering Procedures

The technique that was used for the collection of data was the conduction of the
experiment. We used a proportionality by weight in grams of 1200: 63.16: 3.92 in

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

percentage its 94.7: 5: 0.3 for aggregates, asphalt, and rubber tires respectively. The
samples were cured for two days before being tested for Density, solubility, and
penetration. The magnitude of correlation will be used to easily compute the
interpretation of the data and to gather data quickly. In this study, the experimental
method is appropriate because it allows the researcher to formulate generalizations.

The following formulas are involved in the data gathering procedure of the study:

WAir
 Bulk Specific Gravity =
Wssd−Wwater

 Marshall Stability = Dimensions × Correlation Value × Gmb

0.1 mm
 Flow = Flow , mm( 0.25 )

 Max Specific Gravity =

Sample Weight
Sample weight+Calibration Factor −Sample+Container , With Water

Where: Calibration Factor = 7682.2

Gmm−Gmb
 Air Voids, % = × 100
Gmm

Where: Gmm - maximum specific gravity; Gmb - Bulk Specific Gravity

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Research Locale

The experiment was carried out at the Department of Public Works and
Highways - Bureau of Research and Standards (DPWH-BRS) in Diliman, Quezon City,
because all the necessary materials were available as well as all the machines and
equipment needed for testing.

Project Development

The project's developments are focused on the waste tire, which was the
primary concern of the study, in order to maximize its value for another beneficial
purpose. It began with gathering or collecting waste tires from a heap of stuff. These
were cleaned and dried to remove unwanted particles before being manually cut into
smaller pieces with a knife and cutter. Aggregates undergo sieve analysis particularly
in coarse aggregates before proceeding on the batching. The presence of fine
aggregates and fillers was required in the mixture. It was turned over for mixing after
the aggregates had been graded. Shredded waste tires and asphalt were used to add
aggregates. The specimens were molded and tampered with before being subjected to
75 blows in both faces for compaction.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Figure 1. Project Design

The testing and curing of the mix design will provide two outcomes. Either it is
adequate, or it is not. If the first scenario occurs, it will be recommended to use
discarded tires in asphalt pavement mixes. If the latter is the case, the mixture
procedure must be repeated with an additional percentage of shredded waste tire
added to the asphalt mix.
The accepted mixture design was tested using the Laboratory Testing
Procedures Manual for Bituminous Materials and Bituminous Mixtures created by the
Department of Public Works and Highway in accordance with the standards of the
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and the American
Society for Testing and Materials. Determination of Bulk Specific Gravity, Immersion
Compression Test, and Determination of the Effect of Water on the Cohesion of
Compacted Bituminous Mixtures are the three tests.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Figure 2. Project Development

Making of Sample

TIRE PROCESS

It is required to make tires usable as an additive for the asphalt mixture. The
steel and fiber must be removed from the tires and then the remaining tire must be
reduced in size to small particles for blending into the asphalt binder or mixture.

Materials:

 Shredded tires (Additive)

 Fine Aggregate
 Coarse Aggregate
 Bitumen Emulsion

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

A liquid product in which a substantial amount is suspended in a finely divided

from the size 4-10 microns in water in the presence of emulsifiers

Procedure:

Preparation of Materials

Prior to the actual making of bituminous Concrete all the raw materials (i.e.,
Bitumen, F.A., and C.A.) shall undergo physical tests for the properties (i.e., sieve
analysis, unit weight, bulk specific gravity and absorption capacity) needed for the mix
design process. ACI Method of Concrete Mix Design shall be done

1. Prepare all the raw materials by weight. Make sure you have all the necessary
items prepared and check to see that none are missing.

2. Obtain the used tires, clean them to eliminate any undesired particles, and allow
them to dry. After the tires have dried, cut them to the appropriate size using a
knife and cutter.

3. Set aside the prepared used tires and, based on the appropriate quantity,
prepare the cold bitumen and the coarse aggregates. Load cleaned and washed
the aggregates free from dust and moisture

4. Mix the quarry products evenly. After carefully combining all ingredients, add
asphalt and mix again. Remember that over-mixing will lead to de-coating in
aggregates, and it tend to lose adhesiveness.

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS OF THE STUDY

Marshall Stability Test

Bruce G. Marshall, a Mississippi-based bituminous engineer, developed the

asphalt mix design method. It was, and still is, a prominent mix design technique for
dense-graded hot-mix asphalt (HMA), which tries to find a cost-effective blend and
gradation of aggregates and binder content that would provide long-lasting
performance as part of the pavement structure.
The result of this study aims to address and answer the following specific
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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

objectives of the mix design which includes: (1) sufficient air voids in the total
compacted mix to allow for a sight amount of additional compaction under traffic
ASPHALT ID AIR WATER SSD
C1 1244.7 718.6 1268.1
C2 1245.9 740.7 1250.4
C3 1248.3 746.2 1252.5
loading, and (2) sufficient asphalt to ensure a durable pavement.

Specimen Height and Gravity

ASPHALT ID SIDE 1 SIDE 2 SIDE 3 SIDE 3

R1 64.20 63.60 63.09 63.68
R2 64.50 64.69 64.81 64.58
R3 65.55 65.87 65.42 65.64
Table 1. Thickness of Conventional Samples in millimeters (mm)

ASPHALT ID SIDE 1 SIDE 2 SIDE 3 SIDE 4

C1 69.68 69.73 69.85 69.75
C2 64.97 64.44 64.60 64.24
C3 63.67 63.74 64.25 63.80
Table 2. Thickness of Crumb Rubber Samples in millimeters (mm)

Weight of Air, Water, SSD

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Table 3. Weight of Air, Water and SSD of Conventional Samples in grams (g)

Table 4. Weight of Air, Water and SSD of Crumb Rubber Samples in grams (g)
ASPHALT ID AIR WATER SSD
R1 1258.0 747.3 1256.7
Bulk R2 1252.3 739.1 1250.8
R3 1267.9 741.4 1264.2
Specific Gravity

Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) is defined as the ratio of the oven dry weight in air of a unit
volume of a permeable material to the unit weight of an equal volume of water at a stated
temperature.
Moreover, typical values for bulk specific gravity range from 2.200 to 2.500 depending
upon the bulk specific gravity of the aggregate, the asphalt binder content, and the amount of
compaction, (Bulk Specific Gravity – Pavement Interactive, n.d.)

WAir
Bulk Specific Gravity =
Wssd−Wwater

WAir
Asphalt ID Bulk Specific Gravity
Wssd−Wwater
1244.7
C1 1268.1−718.6 2.265

Table 5. 1245.9 Bulk

Specific C2 1250.4−740.7 2.444 Gravity of

1248.3
C3 1252.5−746.2 2.466

Conventional Samples

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

WAir
Asphalt ID Bulk Specific Gravity
Wssd−Wwater
1258.0
R1 1256.7−747.3 2.463

1252.3
R2 1250.8−739.1 2.438

1267.9
R3 1264.2−741.4 2.410

Table 6. Bulk Specific Gravity of Crumb Rubber Samples

Tables 5 and 6 show that the bulk specific gravity of each conventional and crumb
rubber samples have passed the desired value and are in range. However, it can also be
noticed that bulk specific gravity of the Crumb rubber samples is more precise in contrast to
the results of the conventional samples.

Marshall Stability

The Marshall Test is a popular and proven method to measure the load and flow rate of
asphalt specimens, beginning with compaction into molds using manual or automated Marshall
Compactors, and conditioned in a Water Bath at the specified temperature, (Marshall Testing
Equipment - Gilson Co., n.d.).

Marshall Stability = Dimensions × Correlation Value × Gmb

CORRELATION
ASPHALT ID MARSHALL STABILITY
VALUE
C1 0.861 894.7254
C2 0.974 2417.0784
C3 0.969 2554.9623

Table 7. Calculated Marshall Stability of Conventional Samples

CORRELATION
ASPHALT ID MARSHALL STABILITY
VALUE
R1 0.996 2416.6937
R2 0.971 2560.2357
R3 0.950 2504.8650

Table 8. Calculated Marshall Stability of Crumb Rubber Samples

Tables 7 and 8 show that the calculated Marshall stability of each conventional and
crumb rubber samples almost of the sample passed the desired value and are in range.
However, Asphalt C1 of Conventional samples have failed to reach the minimum value of
18
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Marshall Stability. On the other hand, all the crumb rubber samples passed the minimum
value.

Flow of Asphalt Mixture

According to Misha (2010), the Marshall stability test - flow test on bitumen was
developed by the Mississippi State Highway Department and is suitable to hot mix
design of bitumen and aggregates with a maximum size of 25 mm. The mix's stability
is defined as the maximum load carried by a compacted specimen at a standard test
temperature of 60 degrees Celsius,
The flow is measured as the deformation in units of 0.25 mm between no load
and maximum load carried by the specimen during the stability test, flow value may
also be measured by deformation units of 0.1 mm. This test attempts to get the
optimum binder content for the aggregate mix type, (Mishra, 2010)

0.1 mm
Flow , mm=Flow , mm( )
0.25

ASPHALT ID FLOW OF ASPHALT MIX

C1 26.8
C2 13.2
C3 13.2

Table 9. Calculated Flow of Conventional Samples

ASPHALT ID FLOW OF ASPHALT MIX

R1 13.8
R2 13.14
R3 14.08

Table 10. Calculated Flow of Crumb Rubber Samples

Allowable flow of asphalt ranges from 13 to 14 mm. Table 9 shows that among
the three samples of Conventional, only Asphalt C1 failed to be within range. However,
Table 10 shows that though Asphalt R3 slightly exceeds, Crumb rubber samples and
all in range.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Air Voids

Air voids refer to the entire volume of the tiny air bubbles that exist between each
coated aggregate particle in a compacted paving mixture, represented as a percentage of the
mixture's overall bulk volume.

Sample Weight
Gmm =
Sample weight+Calibration Factor −Sample+Container , With Water
Where: Calibration Factor = 7682.2

Gmm−Gmb
Air Voids, % = × 100
Gmm
Where: Gmm - maximum specific gravity; Gmb - Bulk Specific Gravity

SAMPLE + CONTAINER, SAMPLE + CONTAINER,

ASHPALT SAMPLE WEIGHT
WITHOUT WATER WITH WATER

CONVENTIONAL 1290 3436.3 8438

RUBBER CRUMB 1240.2 4676.5 8437.8

For Conventional

1290
Gmm = =2.415
1290+7682.2−8438

2.415−2.392
Air Void ,%= x 100=0.952 %
2.415

For Crumb Rubber

1240. 2
Gmm = =2.559
1240.2+7682.2−8437.8

2.559−2.44
Air Void ,%= x 100=4.650 %
2.559

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Air voids is the last computation that will determine if the sample is feasible and
within standard. For asphalt, air voids should range between 3-5%. Computation
above entails that the conventional sample, given that Asphalt C1 was tested, failed
this standard. However, crumb rubber sample, given that Asphalt R1 was tested, yield
a result that passed the standard with 4.650%.

Chapter V

RECOMMENDATION, CONCLUSION

Conclusion

Rubberized asphalt pavements can function significantly better than traditional

asphalt roads once they have been built appropriately. Particularly in the asphalt
rubber innovation, recycled tire rubber (RTR) has been shredded and added to asphalt
paving mixtures. The asphalt mixture with RTR in it has yielded to 4.6% air voids value,
reaching the range of the standard value 3-5% for an asphalt mixture. The RTR
additive also proves to be an anti-stripping agent to the cured and compressed
mixture. From there, we can see that the study has led into desirable results. Several
laboratory tests, which are Marshall stability, Air voids, Flow test, have been put forth
to evaluate and differentiate the conventional asphalt mixture from the proposed
asphalt mix with RTR additive. There shall be a certain limitation to the amount of
rubber tire to be put as an additive, in our case, 3.72 grams of crumb rubber tires are
added to the 1200 grams mixture, as recommended by the Department of Public
Works and Highways – Bureau of Research and Standards (DPWH-BRS). The
increase or decrease of the crumb rubber tire shall be subjected to further studies
identifying if the changes will impart an improved outcome.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Recommendation

To the Engineering Students,

Further studies in this field should also consider the addition of test methods to
be conducted. Instead of considering commercially supplied crumb rubber tire, the
comparison should be based on the use of old rubber tire that the researchers grinded.
Possible side effects of the asphalt that has crumb rubber tire in it should also be
studied. The number of grams of crumb rubbers that can be added should be varied to
determine which number of grams added to the mixture is more effective.

To the Community,

Utilize the connection with the local government concerning the issue of
irradicating waste like rubber tire in the society. Enough budget should also be
considered. Having some projects, such as a clean-up drive, so that concerned
citizens or localities can also contribute to this cause.

To the future Researchers,

Having enough literature to follow, as well as knowledge of previous studies,

might help to nurture your own research.

Give at least more than 24 hours curing time on the sample to differentiate the
different results between 24hours curing time and more than 24hours curing time.

Used other tools on conducting a testing for a better and clear results.

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

REFERENCES:

Holcim Phils helps in proper disposal of used tires (2005, May 15). Retrieved from
https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2005/05/15/277639/holcim-phils-helps-
proper-disposal-used-tires

Ganiron, T. (2014). Pelletized Cut Rubber: An Alternative Coarse Aggregate for

Concrete Mixture. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284406261_Pelletized_Cut_Rubber_An_Alte
rnative_Coarse_Aggregate_for_Concrete_Mixture

Ganiron, T. (2014). Waste tire as an Asphalt Cement Modifier for Road Pavement.
Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291196322_Waste_Tire_as_an_Asphalt_Ce
ment_Modifier_for_Road_Pavement

Muhi, M. & Tana, K. (2021). Crumb Rubber Tire and Lahar Sand as Fine Aggregates in
Asphalt. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350957705_Crumb_Rubber_Tire_and_Lahar
_Sand_as_Fine_Aggregates_in_Asphalt

Quezon City Government (2021). Environmental Management Plan. Retrieved from

https://quezoncity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Eco_Profile_2018_Chapter-
5.pdf

Quezon City Solid Waste Controlled Disposal Facility (2011). Waste Analysis and
Characterization Study. Retrieved from
https://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pej/article/view/7926

S Arumdani et al (2021). MSW handling of top 5 leading waste-producing countries in

Southeast Asia. Retrieved from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-
1315/896/1/012003/pdf

Chen, Z., Zhou, J., & Wang, X. (2020, March 25). Impact of Chemically Treated Waste
Rubber Tire Aggregates on Mechanical, Durability and Thermal Properties of

23
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Concrete. Frontiers. Retrieved November 8, 2022, from

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00090

Chen, Z., Zhou, J., & Wang, X. (2020, March 25). Impact of Chemically Treated Waste
Rubber Tire Aggregates on Mechanical, Durability and Thermal Properties of
Concrete. Frontiers. Retrieved November 8, 2022, from
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00090

Liu, D. (2021, September 8). Effect of Waste Tire Rubber Particles on Concrete
Abrasion Resistance Under High-Speed Water Flow - International Journal of
Concrete Structures and Materials. International Journal of Concrete Structures and
Materials. Retrieved November 8, 2022, from
https://ijcsm.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40069-021-00475-8

Simeon, L. M. (2005, May 15). Holcim Phils helps in proper disposal of used tires.
Philippine Star. December 8, 2022 from
https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2005/05/15/277639/holcim-phils-helps-
proper-disposal-used-tires

Bulk Specific Gravity – Pavement Interactive. (n.d.). Pavement Interactive. Retrieved

December 9, 2022, from
https://pavementinteractive.org/reference-desk/testing/asphalt-tests/bulk-specific-
gravity/

(n.d.). DEFINITIONS. Retrieved December 9, 2022, from

https://www.dot.nd.gov/divisions/materials/ttqp/NDTCPmixtestequations.pdf

Bulk Specific Gravity – Pavement Interactive. (n.d.). Pavement Interactive. Retrieved

December 9, 2022, from
https://pavementinteractive.org/reference-desk/testing/asphalt-tests/bulk-specific-
gravity/

Marshall Testing Equipment - Gilson Co. (n.d.). Gilson Company. Retrieved December
9, 2022, from https://www.globalgilson.com/marshall-testing

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

APPENDIX A

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES - QUEZON CITY

938 AURORA BLVD, CUBAO, QUEZON CITY, 1109 METRO MANILA

REYNALDO P. FAUSTINO
Officer-in-Charge Director
Department Of Public Works and Highways
Bureau of Research and Standards

November 11, 2022

Dear sir,
Good day! We are 2nd-year Civil Engineering students from Technological Institute of
the Philippines-Quezon City (TIP-QC). In compliance to our course Construction Materials
and Testing, we are conducting a design of experiment entitled Efficiency of Recycled Tire
Rubber (RTR) as an Aggregate for Bituminous Concrete Overlay. To determine and analyze
the properties of our output, we would like to request for the following laboratory testing for
asphalt mix:

 Durability
 Solubility
 Marshall Stability

We understand that us students will be under the supervision of specialists and

technicians as we perform the said tests in your facilities. We will be bringing the necessary
materials for the experiment.

You may reach us thru this mobile number 09156825729 or thru email
qbcdttercias@tip.edu.ph. Looking forward to your soonest response. Thank you.

Respectfully yours,

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Calces, Jhon Vic C. Ranola, Mark Joseph

Conde, Kaye M. Arcueno, Ryan C.

Diolola, Ma. Tracia O. Rodriguez, Jovanie E.

Santos, Maria Angelica F. Tercias, Bhea Clarisse D.

Engr. Jhon Vincent Rey D. Sadicon

Research Adviser

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

APPENDIX B
DOCUMENTATION

Cleaning of Tires and Shredding of Tires.

Mixing and Molding

27
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

APPENDIX B
DOCUMENTATION

Demolding

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

APPENDIX B
DOCUMENTATION
Testing

Getting Specific Gravity

Marshall Stability and Flow

Air Void

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

APPENDIX C
Curriculum Vitae

Ma. Tracia Osite Diolola

qmtodiolola@tip.edu.ph
09470959293

AGE: 21 years old

BIRTHDAY: December 2, 2001
ADDRESS: Brgy. Sto. Tomas Sulat, Eastern Samar

SCHOOLS YEAR OF COMPLETION

ELEMENTARY: Sto. Tomas Elementary School 2014

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Sulat National High School 2018

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Liceo Del Verbo Divino - Tacloban 2020

COLLEGE: Technological Institute of the Philippines Present

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

APPENDIX C

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Curriculum Vitae

Mark Joseph De Los Angeles Rañola

qmjranola@tip.edu.ph
09174320250

AGE: 23 years old

BIRTHDAY: November 18, 1999
ADDRESS: Block 22, Lot 4, Eastwood Villa San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal

SCHOOLS YEAR OF COMPLETION

ELEMENTARY: Jovellar Elementary School Annex 2014

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Jovellar National High School 2018

COLLEGE: Technological Institute of the Philippines Present

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

APPENDIX C
Curriculum Vitae

31
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Kaye Mahayag Conde

qkmconde@tip.edu.ph
09501007024

AGE: 21 years old

BIRTHDAY: August 13, 2001
ADDRESS: Block 3 Lot 3 Twin Peak, Dallas St. Brookside Hills, Brgy. Muntindilaw, Antipolo

SCHOOLS YEAR OF COMPLETION

ELEMENTARY: Buenasuerte Integrated School 2014

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Buenasuerte Integrated School 2018

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Buenasuerte Integrated School 2020

COLLEGE: Technological Institute of the Philippines Present

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

APPENDIX C

Curriculum Vitae

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 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Ryan Cuevas Arcueno

qrcarcueno@tip.edu.ph
09569674027

AGE: 27 years old

BIRTHDAY: August 20, 1995
ADDRESS: Lot 11, Blk. 5 Sta Fe St., Amlacville Subdivision, Payatas, Quezon City

SCHOOLS YEAR OF COMPLETION

ELEMENTARY: Blessed Exodus Christian Academy 2007

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: St. Vincent Institute of Arts & 2011

Science
COLLEGE: Technological Institute of the Philippines Present

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

APPENDIX C
Curriculum Vitae

33
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Maria Angelica F Santos

qmafsantos02@tip.edu.ph
09260680600

AGE: 21 years old

BIRTHDAY: January 29, 2001
ADDRESS: Brentwood Parkhomes, Mambugan, Antipolo City

SCHOOLS YEAR OF COMPLETION

ELEMENTARY: Infant Jesus Academy - Marikina Campus 2013

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Infant Jesus Academy - Marikina 2017

Campus
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Our Lady of Fatima University - 2019
Antipolo Campus
COLLEGE: Technological Institute of the Philippines Present

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

APPENDIX C
Curriculum Vitae

34
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Jhon Vic Cosep Calces

qjccalces@tip.edu.ph
09311314932

AGE: 23 years old

BIRTHDAY: June 10, 1999
ADDRESS: 1971 Saturn St. Constellation Homes, Angono Rizal

SCHOOLS YEAR OF COMPLETION

ELEMENTARY: Blessed Exodus Christian Academy 2012

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Angono National High School 2017

COLLEGE: Technological Institute of the Philippines Present

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

APPENDIX C
Curriculum Vitae

35
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Jovanie E. Rodriguez
qjerodriquez@tip.edu.ph
09084616393

AGE: 20 years old

BIRTHDAY: January 1, 2002
ADDRESS: Blk 2 Lot 5 Flores Ville, Bagumbong, Caloocan city

SCHOOLS YEAR OF COMPLETION

ELEMENTARY: Union Village Christian Academy 2014

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Caloocan National Science and 2018

Technology High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Caloocan National Science and 2020
Technology High School
COLLEGE: Technological Institute of the Philippines Present

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

APPENDIX C
Curriculum Vitae

36
 Efficiency of Recycled Tire Rubber (RTR) as an Additive for Bituminous Concrete Overlay

Bhea Clarisse D. Tercias

bheatercias@gmail.com
09156825729

AGE: 24 years old

BIRTHDAY: August 11, 1998
ADDRESS: 15 S. Bernardo St., Dalandanan, Valenzuela City

SCHOOLS YEAR OF COMPLETION

ELEMENTARY: Mary Immaculate School of Valenzuela 2011

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Valenzuela City Science 2015

Highschool
COLLEGE: Technological Institute of the Philippines Present

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

37