Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the gathered facts and ideas related readings that discuss issues and

concerns relative to the topic presented. Included are reading materials taken from books,

magazines and journals and studies undertaken to enlighten the readers about the technology use

among college students and its implication to the student affairs and service practitioners. These

related literature and studies will serve as the backbone of this research study. Moreover, it will

add definite and strong citation that qualifies the needed idea to understand why the study has to

be conduct.

The researcher will read and review different articles to have the following cited literature

herein.

Related Literature

Legada (2009). In the study of Performance of elected Brgy. Officials in the Municipality of

Badiangan Province of Iloilo Fiscal Year 2009 was conducted primarily to examine the extent of

performance of the elected barangay officials in the Municipality of Badiangan, Province of

Iloilo for Fiscal Year 2009. It also aimed to look into the level of involvement of barangay

officials in community activities and whether their involvement influenced their performance in

various areas of local governance. The study further examined whether there exists a significant

relationship between the respondents’ socio-economic characteristics and their involvement in

community activities, as well as their extent of performance in local governance respectively.

municipality of Badiangan were male, married, 41 years old and older, well-educated,

and had been in public office for at least 10 years. Majority of the barangay officials are

engaged in farming while some are engaged in other professions but earned a minimal

income to maintain the basic needs of their family.

It was revealed that almost all of the barangay officials perform their duties and responsibilities

and were actively involved in community activities in the barangay. In terms of their over-all

performance, the respondents were rated “good” in the five areas of local governance which

include local development planning, local legislation, local fiscal administration, barangay

justice system and delivery of basic services during the Calendar Year 2009. In the five areas,

they performed best in local legislation.

In the study conducted by Boysillo (2017)," Governance of the Barangay Chairpersons in the

Municipality of Ubay Bohol". It is aimed to evaluate the level of performance of governance of

the Barangay Chairpersons as mandated in the Local Government Code of 1991 in terms of the

Executive Functions, Legislative Functions, and Judicial Functions. It also aimed to determine

the extent of implementation of the basic services and facilities of the barangay as mandated in

Section 17 of the Local Government Code of 1991, namely the Agricultural Support Services,

Health and Social Welfare Services, Services and Facilities Related to General Hygiene and

Sanitation, Beautification and Solid Waste Collection, Maintenance of the Katarungang

Pambarangay, Maintenance of the Barangay Roads and Bridges and Water Supply System,

Infrastructure Facilities, Information and Reading Center, and Satellite or Public Market, where
viable . The results indicated that majority of the 44 Barangay Chairpersons in the Municipality

of Ubay were able to deliver a very satisfactory public service in their barangays, hence they

were able to cope up in all the roles and responsibilities that would be of greater impact in local

governance and community development. This also indicates that the core values of governance

namely fairness, transparency and accountability were strengthened by the barangay chairmen

during their term of office.

Based on the findings of the study, the following are the conclusions: Majority of the Barangay

Chairpersons were able to deliver very satisfactory public services in their barangays which also

indicated that the core values of governance namely fairness, transparency and accountability

were strengthened by them during their term of office. The higher the IRA (Internal Revenue

Allotment) given to the barangays, the more programs and projects are implemented because

funds had been given to them as a subsidy for continuous developments. The Local

Government Code of 1991 paved the way for greater local autonomy to bring government closer

to the doorsteps of the people.

Gallegos (2019) In this study "The Effectiveness of the Barangay Justice System in Barangay

176 Bagong Silang, Caloocan City". It was stated that on effectiveness of the barangay justice

system in Barangay 176 Bagong Silang Caloocan City in terms of the level of compliance to the

procedure of the Katarungang Pambarangay on the variables receiving complaints, issuance of

summons, the conduct of conciliation, settlement, execution, most responses were regarded as

agree. On the effectiveness of the barangay justice system in Barangay 176 Bagong Silang

Caloocan City in terms of satisfaction of the complainant and respondents on variables such as
receiving a complaint, issuance of summons, conciliation, settlement, and execution, most were

regarded as agree.

The Barangay, which is the focus of this study, is the basic political unit which serves as the

primary planning and implementing unit of government policies.

Performance, according to Acosta and Associates (1991), is “equated with the local government

responses to community needs for basic and essential public services. High performance results

from rational decision-making, optimal use of resources such as funds, personnel, equipment,

etc., and the delivery of basic public services in a timely and sustained manner.”

In the final analysis, Acosta and Associates mentioned that local government performance is

measurable through discernible improvement in the quality of life of individuals, the society as a

whole, and more importantly the poor. The authors recommend that performance be assessed in

terms of local government capability. They stressed that “since the level of the local governm

ent’s capability determines its level of performance, the higher the level of capability, the higher

is the performance.”

Local government capability, in turn, can be measured by the use of standards which are

classified as tangible, e.g. physical output, costs, and others. (Haiman, et al in Acosta, et al.)

Panadero (2004), for his part, stressed that local governments have a very crucial role to the

attainment of government goals under the Millenium Declaration. He also underscores the need

to encourage local governments to reallocate resources towards basic social services and

intensify efforts towards implementation of MDG-responsive programs, projects, and activities.

Women Punong Barangays in Selected Municipalities of Maguindanao". This study intended to

know how the Barangay Chairmen in selected municipalities in Maguindanao, particularly the

female Punong Barangay are performing their functions. The results indicated that typically the

Punong Barangays were adult (40-50 years old), married, secondary graduate, with an income

ranging from P10,000 to P15,000 per month. In one aspect of planning, particularly on program

and project budgeting, the punong barangays were rated as satisfactory or moderate level of

performance. They were rated as having very satisfactory level of performance in the areas of

implementation, legislation, peace keeping and fiscal management. There is a significant

relationship between the punong barangays’ age and educational attainment with their level of

performance. The data show that the punong barangays in the areas covered by the study have

satisfactory level of performance in areas of implementation, legislation, peace keeping, planning

and fiscal management. In terms of planning, they have moderate level of performance. The

level of performance of the punong barangays is greatly influenced by their age and educational

attainment. Older punong barangays have better performance than the younger ones. Similarly

those with higher educational attainment have better performance

Caldo (2015) in the study of "Assessment of Competency Measures of Barangay Council in San

Jose, Sto.Tomas, Batangas" the proponent assessed the competency measures of Barangay

Council in San Jose, Sto. Tomas, Batangas. Based on the findings, the Sangguniang Barangay

(Punong Barangay and Sangguniang Barangay Members) strongly believe that they are
competent in performing their duties and functions. On the other hand, the selected respondents

are uncertain of their performances. The Punong Barangay strongly believes that he is

performing his job well. However, the selected respondents are uncertain of the competence of

their Punong Barangay. During the document review, it was found out that no policy was enacted

related to competency measures. In addition, most of the enacted policies lie on the provision of

basic services and facilities that must be offered by the barangay with respect to Local

Government Code of 1991. These statements justify the need of assessing competency measures

of Barangay Council in San Jose, Sto. Tomas, Batangas. Three policy alternatives were

developed as possible solutions to address the problem, namely: 1.) Formalize and

institutionalize the existing method of competency measurement, 2.) Revise competency

measures based on Local Government Code of 1991, and 3.) Propose competency measures

based on Best Practices.

Synthesis

The related literature comes from the book that we can use as a tool to determine the

effectiveness of Effectiveness of Barangay officials of the Performance of their Duties and

Responsibilities. It explains how Barangay Officials perform their duties and responsibilities in

selected municipalities. It was revealed that some of the performance of Barangay Officials can

be considered as satisfactory.The above related literature believes to be related in the study of

Effectiveness of Barangay officials of the Performance of their Duties and Responsibilities.They

have essential contributions to this particular study

Legada (2009). Performance of elected Brgy. Officials in the Municipality of Badiangan

Province of Iloilo Fiscal Year 2009.

Boysillo (2017)," Governance of the Barangay Chairpersons in the Municipality of Ubay Bohol".

Gallego, A. ., Murillo, G. ., Nicolas, B. ., Roncale, R. C. ., Tanjay, D. ., & Cuntapay, MSCRIM,

M. S. . (2019). The Effectiveness of the Barangay Justice System in Barangay 176 Bagong

Silang, Caloocan City. Ascendens Asia Singapore – Bestlink College of the Philippines Journal

of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(1). Retrieved from

https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra

Panadero, Austere. 2004. Local Governance Towards the Millenium Development Goals. Paper

Presented During the Regional Conference on Mainstreaming the UNDP Millenium

Development Goals in Local Governance in UNP, Vigan City

Nolledo, Jose. 1996. The 1991 Local Government Code with Basic Features. Manila: National

Bookstore.

Venancia Noble-Nur, 2020. Socio-Demographic Profile and Performance of Women Punong

Barangays in Selected Municipalities of Maguindanao. Retrieved March 12,2022 from

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3394912
Rionel Belen Caldo (2015). Assessment of Competency Measures of Barangay Council in San

Jose, Sto.Tomas, Batangas. Retrieved 12 March 2023 from https://www.dlsu.edu.ph