PALAYCHECK SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATED LOWLAND RICE
Nutrient Management
KEY CHECK 5:
Sufficient nutrients from
tillering to early panicle
initiation and flowering
NUTRIENT FACTS
• Nutrients are what plants • Rice plants grow and
need to grow and become respond better to
productive. fertilizer when there is
• Proper nutrient management more sunlight.
improves crop growth and • Of all nutrient elements,
yield. rice plants need more of
nitrogen (N), phosphorus
(P), potassium (K), zinc
(Zn), and sulfur (S).
2
Why do rice plants need fertilizers?
Nutrient inputs as fertilizers fill the gap between what the crop
needs and what is currently present in the soil, water, and air
(indigenous supply).
Climate
N-P-K
Crop residues
Inorganic/ Organic
Humus Soil fertilizer
Irrigation water Biological
Nitrogen Fixation
3
Importance of Key Check 5
nutrients from tillering to
early PI and flowering
insufficient sufficient excessive
slow growth good, uniform pest damage
growth
less tillers, lodging
panicles uniform
panicle dev’t pollution
fewer seeds
attainment of
low grain weight yield potential
4
Assessment of Key Check 5
No symptoms of nutrient deficiency
or toxicity from tillering to early
panicle initiation and flowering.
Achieved at least 300 panicles/m2
(TPR) or 350 panicles/m2 (DWSR) at
dough stage.
2
How to assess the number of panicles at
dough stage:
1m
1. Randomly select 3
sampling sites (1m x 1m 1m
quadrat) at least 1m
from the levee and in a
diagonal line across the
field.
2. Count the panicles in 1m
each quadrat and get the
average.
Example:
Average panicles = Total number of panicles
3. Compute for the number m2 3m2
of panicles/m2 . 1000 panicles__
=
3m2
= 333 panicles/m2
6
How and what will you feed them?
7
Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 5
1. Know and manage the nutrient
requirement of your crop based on:
- visual observation of deficiency
symptoms
- results of nutrient assessment
and decision support tools
- other available information
8
TIPS IN PROPER VISUAL DIAGNOSIS OF
NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY
UPPER LEAVES
Zinc (Zn)
Calcium (Ca)
Copper (Cu) LOWER LEAVES
Iron (Fe) Nitrogen (N)
Boron (B) Phosphorus (P)
Sulfur (S) Potassium (K)
Manganese (Mn) Magnesium (Mg)
9
DIAGNOSTIC AND DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS
Minus-One Element Technique & MOET App
A pot experiment to determine the nutrients deficient in the
soil that is complemented with an ICT-based application.
Leaf Color Chart (LCC)
A tool to visually assess the nitrogen status of rice crops.
Nutrient Omission Plot Technique (NOPT)
A means to assess indigenous nutrient supply to
serve as basis of fertilizer recommendation.
Rice Crop Manager (RCM)
An ICT-based platform for rapidly deploying improved
nutrient & rice farming management technologies.
10
Recommendations to Achieve Key Check 5
2. Know the right element, amount, & timing
of fertilizer application.
Make
E A T
Right!
11
Know the right nutrient ELEMENT
E your plant needs. Giving the right
nutrients increases cost efficiency
and attainment of target yield.
Know the right AMOUNT of
A fertilizer to apply. Too much or
too little is not good.
Know the right TIMING of
T fertilizer application to increase
efficiency in input cost and
nutrient uptake.
12
NITROGEN (N)
Right Element
(N ) promotes rapid growth for increased:
• plant height and number
of tillers
• leaf size
• number of panicles per hill
• number of spikelets per
panicle
• grain protein content
• percentage of filled grains
Example sources of N from inorganic fertilizer:
14-14-14, 46-0-0, 21-0-0-24S, and 16-20-0
13
NITROGEN (N)
Right Amount
• Deficiency symptoms: Stunted,
yellowish plants. Older leaves or
whole plants are yellowish green.
• Too much N particularly between
panicle initiation and flowering makes
the plant prone to lodging and pests.
• Excessive N application is costly and
may contribute to environmental
pollution.
• Use results of LCC, RCM, NOPT, and
MOET as basis in properly determining
the amount of N to apply.
14
NITROGEN (N)
Right Timing
LCC is Available LCC is not Available
For ≤110 Day Maturity For >110 Day Maturity
Use LCC every 7 days
from 14 DAT or 21
Apply N at 0-14 Apply N at 0-14 DAT,
DAS until early
DAT/DAS and 5- 7 mid tillering, and 5- 7
flowering.
days before panicle days before or after
initiation. panicle initiation.
Apply N if more than
5 out of 10 leaves
are below 4 (TPR) or
3.5 (DWSR).
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NITROGEN (N)
Right Timing
Application 1st 2nd 3rd
TPR 0-14 DAT mid-tillering 5-7 days before or after PI
DWSR 7-10 DAS mid-tillering 5-7 days before or after PI
(optional)
15% heading
Organic
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS
16
PHOSPHORUS (P)
Right Element
(P) functions mainly for
energy storage and transfer.
In rice, it promotes:
a. vigorous root development
b.tillering
c. early flowering
d.ripening
Example sources of P from inorganic fertilizer:
14-14-14, 16-20-0, and 0-18-0-24S
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PHOSPHORUS (P)
Right Amount
• Deficiency symptoms:
Stunted dark green plants with
narrow, short, very erect leaves and
greatly reduced tillering. Thin stems
and retarded development. The
number of leaves, panicles, and
grains per panicle are also reduced.
• Use results of MOET test and Rice
Crop Manager as basis in properly
determining the amount of P to
apply.
PHOSPHORUS (P)
Right Timing
Application
TPR 0-14 DAT
DWSR 7-10 DAS
Organic
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS
19
POTASSIUM (K)
Right Element
(K) in rice plants:
• improves root growth and plant vigor
• improves tolerance of rice to adverse
condition: pest and disease; drought; lodging
• improves uptake of other nutrients
• Increases grain size and weight
K deficiency is often not detected because its
symptoms do not appear until the later
growth stages and are not as easy to
recognize as that of N deficiency.
Example sources of K from inorganic fertilizer:
14-14-14, 0-0-60 , and 17-0-17
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POTASSIUM (K)
Right Amount
• Deficiency symptoms: Dark
green plants with yellowish
brown leaf margins or dark
brown necrotic spots first
appear on the tip of older
leaves.
• Use results of MOET test
and Rice Crop Manager as
basis in properly
determining the amount of
K to apply.
21
POTASSIUM (K)
Right Timing
Application 1st 2nd
TPR 0-14 DAT 5-7 days before or after PI
DWSR 0-14 DAS 5-7 days before or after PI
Organic
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS
22
ZINC (Zn)
Right Element
(Zn) promotes good seedling and overall growth of plants.
It is essential for several
biochemical pathways and
structural processes in the rice
plant.
In Zn-deficient soils, NPK
fertilizers alone cannot provide
good yield unless Zn deficiency is
corrected.
Example sources of Zn from inorganic fertilizer:
Zinc Sulfate, Zinc Metallate, Zinc Oxide
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ZINC (Zn)
Right Amount
• Deficiency symptoms:
Dusty brown spots on upper
leaves of stunted plants
appearing 2-4 weeks after
transplanting
• Use results of MOET and
Rice Crop Manager as basis
in properly determining the
amount of Zn to apply.
24
ZINC (Zn)
Right Amount and Timing
Choose only one among the following amelioration techniques.
Amelioration
Amount Timing
Techniques
TPR Seedling dip 2% ZnO solution dip for 15min
max of 30min
Seedbed apply 0.5-2kg per 400m2 seedbed
seedbed OR 0.5-2kg per
40kg inbred seeds
Broadcast 25kg ZnSO4/ha 10-14 DAT
Foliar Spraying 2% solution spray (vol. 14 DAT
spray of 170 liters/ha)
DWSR Seed Zn coating 1% of the dry weight of seed preparation
seeds
25
SULFUR (S)
Right Element
(S) promotes uniform growth and maturity.
affects chlorophyll
production, protein
synthesis and plant
function and structure
delayed plant
development and
maturity
affects yield if deficiency
occurs at vegetative
stage JJAungon
Example sources of S from inorganic fertilizer:
14-14-14-12S and 21-0-0-24S
SULFUR (S)
Right Amount
• Deficiency symptoms:
yellowing of young leaves,
reduced no. of tillers, fewer
and shorter panicles, reduced
no. of spikelets per panicle,
and delayed maturity
• Use results of MOET test and Rice Crop Manager as basis in
properly determining the amount of S to apply.
• The amount of sulfur in 14-14-14-12S (12% sulfur) as
recommended to treat P and K deficiencies is adequate to
correct usual sulfur deficiency.
SULFUR (S)
Right Timing
Application
TPR 0-14 DAT
DWSR 0-14 DAS
Organic
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAS
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Right technique of application of granular inorganic fertilizer
• Incorporate fertilizer into the soil for better absorption of nutrients and to
avoid nutrient leaching and N volatilization.
• Apply only 30% of the total N
requirement during the 1st
application.
• Apply topdress fertilizer at low water
depth (2-5 cm) to reduce N
volatilization, and nutrient run-off.
• Apply fertilizer during the cooler part
of the day (particularly after 3:00
PM) to avoid N losses.
Input Output Outcome
• right elements • sufficient nutrients
from fertilizer during tillering to early
used panicle initiation and
• right amount • High yield
flowering
of fertilizer • Higher profit
• more tillers/panicles/
applied • Minimal
grains
• right timing of damage to
• increase cost efficiency
fertilizer environment
and nutrient uptake
application • minimized pollution to
followed the environment
Production Assistant:
Mr. Kremlin del Castillo
Technical Reviewers:
Mr. Wilfredo Collado; Ms. Evelyn Javier
Courseware Reviewers:
Ms. Lea dR. Abaoag; Ms. Ev Angeles
Note:
Presentation produced in 2019 based on results of a
series of consultation workshops with PhilRice R&D
staff; adapted from instructional presentation
produced by PhilRice in 2011.
You may use, remix, tweak, & build upon this
presentation non-commercially. However, always
use with acknowledgment.
Unless otherwise stated, the names listed are
PhilRice staffers.
7/23/2019 31
PALAYCHECK SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH- QUALITY INBRED RICE SEEDS
Nutrient Management
KEY CHECK 5:
Sufficient nutrients from
tillering to early panicle
initiation and flowering
Review!
What nutrient element is critical in the following stages:
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Zinc Sulfur
Organic
Matching game
S def
Zn def K def
N def
P def
N def P def K def S def Zn def
