ERCIYES UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

FALL PROFICIENCY EXAM

A
NAME : ____________________________
SURNAME: ____________________________
NUMBER : ____________________________  There are 100 questions in this exam
and each question is worth1 point.
 You will be given 130 minutes to
complete the exam. You are not
allowed to leave the room for the first 40 minutes.
 Mobile phones must be turned off during the exam.

Read the texts and choose the best alternative to complete them.

***Have you ever thought that you might be wasting water? __(1)__ litres of water have you used today? If you live in a
very rich country, __(2)__ you go to bed you might have used over 500 litres of water. By contrast, the daily use in poorer
countries __(3)__ sometimes only 20 litres. It is also the case that at this moment many people in poor parts of the world
are having to walk long distances __(4)__ water. Over a billion people still don’t have easy access to clean water. In
response to this, the United Nations __(5)__ that it is going to reduce that number by half over the next few years.

1. a. How b. How many c. How much d. What

2. a. in time b. on time c. over the time d. by the time
3. a. are b. may be c. is d. must be
4. a. to find b. finding c. to finding d. find
5. a. has promised b. have promised c. will have promised d. had promised

*** When people talk about their ‘best friend’, they are usually talking about a person they __(6) __ for several years. This
could be a neighbour, a friend from their old college or even __(7) ___they first met many years before, at nursery school
for example. Best friends usually have a set of unwritten ‘rules’: they __(8)___talk about each other in a negative way to
other people, and they should always support each other __(9) __ they need __(10) __help.

6. a. knew b. had known c. have been knowing d. have known

7. a. anybody b. nobody c. everybody d. somebody
8. a. don’t have to b. mustn’t c. have to d. should
9. a. when b. who c. which d. whose
10. a. a b. a few c. some d. a couple of

***A: Is it all right if I come at about 8:30?

B: No, I __(11)___ the football then. The match starts at 8:00.
A: I’m sure you’ll enjoy __(12) ___. Well, what about 9:30?
B: Fine. The match ___(13) ___ by then. I’ll be ready at 9:30.

11. a. will have watched b. will be watching c. will watch d. will be watched
12. a. yourself b. yourselves c. each other d. yours
13. a. will finish b. will be finishing c. will have finished d. will be finish

*** I always manage _(14) _ things when I’m in a hurry. Today I can’t get into the house because I’ve lost my keys again. I
_(15) __ them at work, because I know I had them with me when I was walking to my car when I left. So I (16) ____ them
in the supermarket. That’s the only place they could possibly be, because that’s the only place I went after work. Perhaps
I should arrange __(17) __an extra set with a neighbour. I read a magazine article about people who are always losing
things – it suggested __(18)__ that. Oh well, I’d better go back to the supermarket.

14. a. lose b. to lose c. losing d. to losing

15. a. can’t have left b. must have left c. would have left d. mustn’t have left
16. a. might have dropped b. must have dropped c. can’t have dropped d. didn’t have to have dropped
17. a. leaving b. not to leave c. leave d. to leave
18. a. not to do b. to do c. doing d. do

19. When a politician makes a great speech we often have to remember that the speech itself _________ by the
politician, but by a professional writer who _________ a lot of money.
a. hasn’t been written / is paid b. hasn’t written / pays c. has been written / is paid d. has written / pays
20. Don’t leave the medicine on the table ________ the children open it.
a. if b. unless c. in case d. as soon as
21. I speak French very _______. No one can understand me.
a. good b. well c. bad d. badly

22. Unfortunately our manager had to ________ the meeting as he had to go away unexpectedly.

a. call off b. set off c. sort out d. work out

23. _________ about the film was all the funny jokes.
a. What do you like b. I liked c. It was liked d. What I liked
24. We were all disappointed when they decided to put the least experienced person in ________ of the whole project.
a. responsibility b. burden c. charge d. duty
25. The average life ________ in Mali is 51.37 years.
a. expectation b. assumption c. expectancy d. process
26. Research by Professor Shields, _____ was carried out between 2006 and 2008, has revealed some interesting facts.
a. who b. which c. that d. of which
27. Sam needed to _________ his voice so that everyone could hear him over the noise of the engine.
a. accelerate b. increase c. turn up d. raise
28. My parents always told me it was important to ________ your dreams and never to have any regrets.
a. meet b. follow c. see d. make
29. I won’t _______ this behavior any longer. If you do that again, I’ll send you to your room!
a. keep up with b. end up with c. put up with d. come up with
30. Can you give me some help _______ these instructions? They’re really _________.
a. with / confusing b. with / confused c. by / confusing d. by / confused
31. The flat was __________. It obviously hadn’t been cleaned for years.
a. filthy b. exhausted c. tiny d. fascinated
32. Did you hear that Sam Davies had failed his exams? He’s a bright boy - _______ he didn’t do much revision. That’s
what his mum said, anyway.
a. unwillingly b. consequently c. apparently d. preferably
33. All scientists dream of ______ a big discovery some day, but the reality is that most scientists _______ a job that’s
pretty mundane at times.
a. making / make b. making / do c. doing / make d. doing / do
34. Kate: Are you still at it? You are working too ________, you know.
Peter: Yes, I know.
Kate: __________ you don’t need to work on a Friday evening?
Peter: Sorry, Kate. I’ve got a lot to do.
a. hardly / Surely b. hard / Surely c. hard / Sure d. hardly / Sure
35. We spent so much time last night talking ______ UFOs, that when I went to sleep I dreamt _______ them.
a. about / in b. to / about c. about / about d. to / in
36. Each morning, I go out of my front door turn left. I walk _______ the street. I go ______ some shops, then I turn left
again _______ a small park.
a. across / through / onto b. across / through / into c. along / past / onto d. along / past / into
37. A: I thought she looked rather silly in that flowery hat, didn’t you?
B: Silly! She looked absolutely ________! I couldn’t help laughing!
a. marvelous b. fabulous c. ridiculous d. gorgeous
38. If the battery of your laptop gets wet, it may be damaged __________, which means it may not work again.
a. permanently b. temporarily c. distantly d. deliberately

Choose the correct alternative which is closest in meaning to the sentence given.
39. Although he is the managing director, he goes to work by bike.
a. Although the managing director, he goes to work by bike.
b. In spite of he is the managing director, he goes to work by bike.
c. Being the managing director, he goes to work by bike.
d. Despite being the managing director, he goes to work by bike.
40. It’s a pity that I hardly see my boyfriend because he works at weekends.
a. I wish my boyfriend would work at weekends. b. I wish my boyfriend didn’t work at weekends.
c. I wish my boyfriend couldn’t work at weekends. d. I wish my boyfriend worked at weekends.
41. Some men are building a wall around my neighbour’s garden.
a. My neighbours are building a wall around their garden.
b. My neighbours are having built a wall around their garden.
c. My neighbours are having some men built a wall around their garden.
d. My neighbours are having a wall built around their garden.
42. “I really don’t think you should leave your job,” Jack’s friend told him
a. Jack’s friend advised him to leave your job. b. Jack’s friend advised to leave his job.
c. Jack’s friend advised him not to leave your job. d. Jack’s friend advised him not to leave his job.
43. In the light of recent events, they are reviewing a number of decisions.
a. A number of decisions are being reviewed in the light of recent events.
b. A number of decisions are reviewing in the light of recent events.
c. A number of decisions are having been reviewed in the light of recent events.
d. A number of decisions are being reviewing in the light of recent events.
44. The advert was so strange that most people didn’t know what was being advertised.
a. It was advertised so strangely that most people didn’t know what was being advertised.
b. It was so a strange advert that most people didn’t know what was being advertised.
c. It was such a strange advert that most people didn’t know what was being advertised.
d. It was so strange advert that most people didn’t know what was being advertised.
45. You should discuss the problem with the manager.
a. You would rather discuss the problem with the manager.
b. You had better discuss the problem with the manager.
c. You would have discussed the problem with the manager.
d. You must have discussed the problem with the manager.
46. She won’t talk to you if you don’t apologize to her.
a. Unless she won’t talk to you, you won’t apologize to her. b. Unless she apologizes, you won’t talk to her.
c. Unless you apologize to her, she won’t talk to you. d. Unless you don’t apologize to her, she won’t talk to you.
47. “Where did we park the car?”
a. Do you remember where we parked the car? b. Do you remember where did we park the car?
c. Do you remember where we had parked the car? d. Do you remember where to park the car?

48. “I can’t remember your name.”

a. The boy told that he couldn’t remember her name. b. The boy told her that he couldn’t remember her name.
c. The boy told her that I can’t remember your name. d. The boy told that he couldn’t remember your name.
49. A counselor is a person. You see him for advice.
a. A counselor is a person who sees you for advice. b. A counselor is a person you see for advice.
c. A counselor is a person who you see him for advice. d. A counselor is a person that can see for advice.
50. Paula’s sister is not as hardworking as Paula.
a. Paula is more hardworking than her sister. b. Paula is less hardworking than her sister.
c. Paula is harder working than her sister. d. Paula is not so hardworking as her sister.

51. If you are sociable, you have more friends.

a. The sociable are the people, the friends they have. b. The more you are sociable, the more you have friends.
c. The more sociable you are, the more friends you have. d. The more you have friends, the more sociable you are.

Read the sentences and choose the grammatically correct alternative.

52. a. The Mp3 player I gave my sister for her birthday doesn’t work.
b. An Mp3 player I gave my sister for her birthday doesn’t work.
c. Mp3 player I gave it to my sister for her birthday doesn’t work.
d. The Mp3 player I gave it to my sister for her birthday doesn’t work.
53. a. We wouldn’t have come to Bangkok if we knew it was the monsoon season.
b. We wouldn’t have come to Bangkok if we hadn’t known it was the monsoon season.
c. We wouldn’t have come to Bangkok if we could know it was the monsoon season.
d. We wouldn’t have come to Bangkok if we had known it was the monsoon season.

54. a. My flight arrived late because it hadn’t been taking off on time.
b. My flight arrived late because it hadn’t taken off on time.
c. My flight arrived late because it had been taking off on time.
d. My flight arrived late because it had taken off on time.
55. a. How many people did come to your party? b. How many people does come to your party?
c. How many people came to your party? d. How many did people come to your party?
56. a. Budapest that has a population of two million lies on the river Danube.
b. Budapest, that has a population of two million, lies on the river Danube.
c. Budapest where has a population of two million lies on the river Danube.
d. Budapest, which has a population of two million, lies on the river Danube.
57. a. I’m not used to write with my left hand. It’s really difficult.
b. I’m getting used to write with my left hand. It’s really difficult.
c. I’m used to writing with my left hand. It’s really difficult.
d. I’m not used to writing with my left hand. It’s really difficult.
58. a. The news coming from my country are really bad right now.
b. News coming from my country are really bad right now.
c. The news coming from my country is really bad right now.
d. News coming from my country is really bad right now.
59. a. My parents had an arranged marriage. They were introduced to each other by family members.
b. My parents had an arranged marriage. They introduced to one another by family members.
c. My parents had an arranged marriage. They were introduced to themselves by family members.
d. My parents had an arranged marriage. They introduced to one self by family members.
60. a. Statistically, the mosquito is more dangerous animal in the world, killing 2-3 million people a year.
b. Statistically, the mosquito is the most dangerous animal in the world, killing 2-3 million people a year.
c. Statistically, the mosquito is most dangerous animal in the world, killing 2-3 million people a year.
d. Statistically, the mosquito is more dangerous animal than the shark in the world, killing 2-3 million people a year.
61. a. My brother gave me some very useful advices when I first set up my company.
b. My brother gave me very useful some advices when I first set up my company.
c. My brother gave me some very useful advice when I first set up my company.
d. My brother gave me a very useful advice when I first set up my company.
62. a. Do you know where can I buy a newspaper? b. Do you know if do I buy a newspaper?
c. Do you know if can I buy a newspaper? d. Do you know where I can buy a newspaper?
Choose the alternative which shows the best order.
63. mind / down / at night / keeping / would / your / you / music ?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
a. 5/7/1/4/6/8/2/3 b. 5/7/1/3/4/2/6/8 c. 3/5/7/4/2/8/6/1 d. 3/5/6/1/4/8/2/7
64. the fruit juice / drank / who / I / in the fridge / all / left ?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
a. 3/7/1/5/6/4/2 b. 3/2/6/1/4/7/5 c. 3/7/5/4/2/6/1 d. 3/2/1/6/4/7/5

65. asked / the password / tell / he / her / him / to

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
a. 4/1/5/7/3/6/2 b. 4/3/5/7/1/6/2 c. 4/1/5/2/7/3/6 d. 4/3/5/2/7/1/6
66. lifestyle / simpler / ours / my grandparents’ / much / was / than
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
a. 3/1/6/5/2/7/4 b. 4/1/6/2/5/7/3 c. 3/1/6/2/5/7/4 d. 4/1/6/5/2/7/3

Read the text and choose the correct form of the words that complete the text best.
Estella Cook was working in the town centre as a beautician at a cosmetics shop in Cornmarket. The 28th September 2007
was a dull, rainy Friday. It promised to be a fairly __ (67)___ day – a day when nothing interesting would happen at all. But
at 10.24 a.m. the phone rang, and a male voice said: ‘Estella Cook. If you marry me, I’ll make you rich and happy beyond your
wildest dreams.’ Now, Estella Cook was poor, lonely, and unhappy, so after only a moment’s __ (68)___, she agreed to meet
the mysterious man in the Nosebag Café after work. Estella’s first __ (69)___ made all her suspicions disappear immediately.
The man looked simply __ (70)___ and Estella fell in love there and then. After a good heart-to-heart, the man invited Estella
to his home. She knew she should have been more __ (71)__ but she didn’t care.
67. a. eventful b. diseventful c. event d. uneventful
68. a. hesitate b. mishesitation c. hesitation d. unhesitated
69. a. impressive b. impression c. impressiveness d. impress
70. a. resistible b. resistance c. irresistible d. unresistable
71. a. careful b. careless c. carefully d. carelessly
Read the text and choose the best alternative.
Historical Periods
The Roman Empire: The period during which Rome __(72)___ and ruled much of Europe and the Middle East. It lasted
approximately from 260 BC, when Rome __(73)__ control of Italy, until AD 476.
The Dark Ages: The long period of instability and economic and cultural ___(74)____ in Europe following the __(75)___
of the Roman Empire in the 5th century.
The Middle Ages: The period from about AD 700 until about AD 1500, which saw Christianity __(76)___ throughout
Europe and become the dominant religion.
The Renaissance: This period began in Italy around 1300 and lasted for about 300 years. It was __(77)__ by an interest
in Ancient Greece and Rome, and a flowering of art, literature and architecture.
72. a. surrendered b. conquered c. represented d. betrayed
73. a. lost b. gained c. went out of d. gave up
74. a. decline b. division c. decrease d. increase
75. a. decade b. restoration c. rise d. collapse
76. a. disappear b. spread c. destroy d. improve
77. a. designed b. created c. characterized d. manipulated
Read the text and choose the best alternative.
Life on Saturn’s Moon?

In 2005, a fountain of water vapor was discovered coming from the planet Saturn’s moon Enceladus, and it has intrigued
scientists ever since. An analysis of data recently collected by the Cassini spacecraft now shows that the water in the
fountain is full of organic molecules, and may increase the possibility of life in the Saturn system.
Experts are not entirely clear how life actually begins, but they guess it requires chemicals like those detected by the
Cassini: a little water, and some unknown ‘spark.’ It seems that this new information contains enough new data to really
stir up previous ideas about life in space.
Cassini made its observations during a high-speed pass 30 miles above Enceladus, and recorded the highest
temperatures yet detected on the icy moon's southern pole. What this means is that Enceladus' surface temperatures
may be higher than previously thought. It is still awfully cold, but the higher surface temperature means that it has to be
even warmer under the surface of that ice, and raises the possibility of water below.
The surprising thing is that the chemistry of Enceladus—what's coming out from inside—is similar to that of a comet.
However, Enceladus is not a comet. In fact, it is very different from a comet. Comets have tails and orbit the sun;
Enceladus does not have a tail, and it orbits Saturn. Enceladus' activity is powered by internal heat, while comet activity is
powered by sunlight.
It appears that in addition to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other compounds— organic molecules from gases
such as methane, propane, acetylene, and formaldehyde—were detected in Enceladus' icy fountains. Enceladus' mixture
is like carbonated water with an essence of natural gas.
Many scientists are now saying that the moon Enceladus could be one of the most important and staggering places in the
solar system. Many believe that all the ingredients for life could be present just below the rough surface of Enceladus.
Enceladus has warmth, water, and organic chemicals—the three basic requirements to provide a minimum for the origin
of life. There is one catch, however: still more data is needed to verify that liquid water, a key element to the origin of life,
exists on the moon, rather than just steam.
At this point, there is still no evidence that Enceladus contains liquid water. Likewise, even if it is confirmed, we still do not
know if that water may be a habitat for life. However, future exploration by the Cassini plans to focus on just those
questions. With five more journeys planned for the next two years, the proof of celestial company may just be closer than
we ever thought possible.

78. What did scientists discover in 2005? d. carbonated water and natural gas
82. In the last paragraph, the word ‘habitat’ is closest in
a. A new moon in the Saturn system
meaning to _____.
b. Water on Saturn
c. Steam coming from one of Saturn’s moons
a. an unusual place
d. Live molecules on Enceladus
b. a workplace
79. In paragraph 2, it can be inferred that the Cassini c. a natural home
spacecraft has _____. d. an outdoor setting
a. provided significant new data in the search for life in
83. In the last paragraph, it can be inferred that _____.
outer space
b. proven that previous theories about life in space are
a. Scientists see further exploration of Enceladus as a
wrong
high priority.
c. revealed the substances needed for life to form in
b. Scientists are sure they will find water on Enceladus.
space
c. If water is found, life will be possible on Enceladus.
d. made scientists feel more certain about the existence
d. Water must be found on Enceladus within two years
of life in space
to continue research.
80. Which of the following is most surprising to scientists
84. The author’s purpose in writing this article is to
about Enceladus?
_____.
a. It is actually a comet, not a moon.
a. justify research money spent on exploring Saturn’s
b. It is not powered by sunlight.
moons
c. It does not have a tail.
b. describe recent discoveries that could eventually lead
d. The chemical makeup is like a comet’s.
to finding life in space
c. persuade politicians to invest more heavily in the
81. The steam coming from Enceladus seems to be the
space program
most similar to _____.
d. argue that discoveries on Enceladus do not prove that
there is life in space
a. carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
b. methane, propane, acetylene, and formaldehyde
c. organic water molecules
Read the text and choose the best alternative.
The two of us embraced in a warm hug at the airport terminal. It must have been five years, maybe six since we’d last
seen each other for a farewell meal in the cosy lounge of my cousin’s house. It was Peter’s first time in Shanghai, and
one of only two or three visitors from home who’d been able to make the long flight. Home? I wondered what I really
meant by home now. I’d made so many new friends here and the once steady stream of letters and emails I’d received
from my friends and family back in Europe had now dwindled to a trickle.
I hadn’t meant it to be this way. I’d taken a short-term contract with a firm specialising in installing and delivering software
solutions to some of the new companies setting up in the gleaming skyscrapers of Shanghai’s business district. But, as
luck would have it, one of these contracts was with a local TV company who were keen to take me on to help advise on
some of the English language content of their news stories. Interest had soon followed with offers of work from a local
magazine for business travellers flicking through feature articles while waiting for clients in hotel foyers, and from a local
radio station. (I) Strange, but true. I’d started here as a consultant, but in China’s fast moving economy, I’d ended up
staying – fascinated by the pace of life and the ‘can-do’ attitude of local people.
But Peter’s visit was disturbing. Sure, he was impressed by the views across the Bund afforded by my apartment, and by
the ultra-modern architecture and neon adverts along Shanghai’s bustling streets, thronging with street markets,
pavement restaurants and 24-hour traffic. We lived in different worlds. He’d stayed back in the UK and was living a
comfortable suburban lifestyle with a family saloon car, holidays abroad and a nine–five job in a steady career. (II)
I’d taken him to karaoke with a group of my friends. I’d enjoyed it, but it struck me that Peter was completely unused to
the cultural intimacy of singing your heart out in a four metre square soundproofed room with three or four others and a
TV monitor. (III) I soon realised that what he most wanted to do was spend some quiet time with me, catching up with how
I felt about the direction my life was taking. But unfortunately we never quite got round to it. I found myself thinking how
little time I’d actually spent reflecting on anything longer term than what my next deadlines were, and what I was going to
say on tomorrow’s radio show.
To Peter’s disappointment, I also found myself remarkably disinterested in news about my football team’s success,
despite the fact that, as students, we’d watched almost all of their home games together; and even photos of our
university friends’ weddings left me thinking that these were all people and events from a long-lost past, a different time in
my life when my time was freer and when I had very little idea of what I wanted to do. (IV)
Peter left after staying a fortnight. In a sense, despite all the cheerfully reassuring salutations at the check-in desk I think
we both knew it would probably be the last time we’d meet. It had gone well. We’d seen and done a lot. But, as I returned
to the city on the airport train link, buying my ticket in my accented Chinese, I wondered whether home was really here in
the city or back in the comfortable surroundings of a more conventional life choice in the UK.

85. From the article we learn that the author _____.

a. has a new job in China. 88. In the article the author regrets _____.
b. is planning to go back to the country of his birth. a. that he has lost contact with most of his European
c. regrets leaving the country of his birth. friends.
d. has been educated at a university. b. introducing Peter to his friends.
c. not spending enough time catching up with Peter.
86. The author spends time with a man who _____. d. moving to Shanghai.
a. wants to start a new life in Shanghai.
b. he hadn’t seen for some time. 89. The author finds Peter’s visit disturbing because __.
c. has visited him several times. a. he realised that Peter was no longer a part of his life.
d. didn’t enjoy meeting the author’s friends. b. he had been too busy to make him feel welcome.
c. it reminded him of what he’d given up.
87. In the article the author compares ______. d. he had stayed too long.
a. his life in China with Peter’s life in the UK.
90. Where do you think the following sentence should be
b. his first job in China with his new job.
inserted in the text?
c. architectural styles in China and Europe.
“I was living in a constantly changing and fast-moving
d. the pace of life in China and Europe.
city.”
a. I b. II c. III d. IV
Read the text and choose the best alternative.
Human beings are not the only species who play around and have fun. Dogs, and even rats, can be observed playing
with each other and making noises that might be forms of animal laughter. However, there are very few things that seem
to make animals laugh. For instance, to get a rat to laugh you have to tickle it.
In human societies humour is a complex phenomenon that serves many functions. For instance, for the individual it can
help him or her be accepted by a group. One well-known American comedian, Art Buchwald, once said about his
childhood in an orphanage, ‘I learnt quickly that when I made others laugh, they liked me. This is a lesson I will
never forget.’

On a different level, humour can help to keep social groups together. In the first anthropological study of humour, Alfred
Radcliffe-Brown observed the way people in certain relationships often make fun of each other. This custom, which
Radliffe-Brown called a ‘joking relationship’, can stop people from becoming too angry when conflicts arise, and this helps
to stop the relationship breaking up. However, this kind of relationship is not found in all social groups.

In groups with a clear social hierarchy, with some at the top and a lot more lower down, humour can sometimes
emphasise that hierarchy and make it stronger. One study by Rose Laub Coser found that people at the top of the
hierarchy made fun of those lower down, while the people lower down usually made fun of each other or of people outside
the group. However, studies by other researchers have seen a very different use of humour. In societies where people
lower down feel they have no power, it is common for them to make fun of their leaders, even if they have to do this in
secret. This can help them live with a social situation that they dislike and disagree with.
Laughter is also used sometimes as a kind of punishment which can strengthen social customs. For instance, if it is the
custom for a group to wear baggy trousers and no belt, and then a member turns up wearing the wrong trousers, the
others only need to laugh at him and he will be given a powerful reason not to do that again. Sometimes ridicule like this
can be used to reject someone completely from a group, which can help to keep the group together, but it can be
extremely painful for the individual who is rejected.

91. What does the passage say about humans and other d. The jokes can cause the group to break up.
animals? 94. According to the article, Rose Laub Coser observed
a. Only humans have a sense of humour. _____.
b. Only humans laugh.
c. Both animals and humans enjoy playing. a. people using laughter as a punishment.
d. No animal will laugh unless you tickle it. b. behaviour that strengthened a hierarchy.
c. people making fun of their leaders.
92. For the author of this article, Art Buchwald is an
d. people learning to live with something they disagree
example of someone who ______
with.
a. showed one function of humour.
b. had a very unhappy childhood.
95. How can laughter make some customs stronger?
c. was a very successful professional comedian.
d. really knew how to make people laugh. a. It can make fun of the customs.
b. It can make everyone feel happier.
93. What does the article say about the ‘joking
c. It makes fun of customs that people don’t agree with.
relationship’?
d. It can punish people who break the rules.
a. All social relationships are joking relationships.
b. In it, people ridicule each other.
c. The jokes usually make people more angry.

Read the text and choose the best alternative.

Advertising is about creating images, and this is especially true when advertising food and drink. What the food looks
like is more important than what it tastes like.
To sell food successfully, it must look appetizing. Milk must look cold, bread must look freshly-baked, and fruit must
look juicy. Television advertising of food often uses movement. Obviously, food looks especially tasty when it moves.
Chocolate sauce looks more delicious when you see it being poured over ice cream than if it is in a bowl.
Sound effects - but not background music - also help to sell food: sausages frying in a pan are mouth-watering. A TV
advertisement for a brand of coffee had the sound effect of coffee being poured in the background. This
advertisement was so successful that it lasted five years.
The colour of food and packaging are also very important. If the colour of the food looks wrong, people will not eat it
because they associate food with certain colours. Nobody would eat blue bread or drink green milk. Therefore, in
advertising food, the colours purple, grey and, in some cases, white are not popular.
It is the same for packaging. A food manufacturer was trying to decide whether to sell his product in a glass jar or a
can. He gave a group of people the same product both in a glass jar and a can. They all claimed that the product in
the glass jar tasted better. So it seems to be true: image is everything.

96. Which one is wrong?

a. The presentation of a product affects its sale. 98. The best way to advertise ketchup is to ______.
b. Creating a positive image is important in
a. put it in a can
advertising.
b. mention that it has some harmful effects
c. People buy products which have unusual colours.
c. let people see it being poured on chips
d. The sound of coffee being poured has a
d. use a sad song as the background music
positive effect on consumers.
99. “appetizing” in line 3 is similar in meaning to _____.
97. Which topic is not mentioned in the text?
a. attractive b. strange
a. The connection between colour and food.
c. luxurious d. disgusting
b. What the consumers expect.
c. The importance of the right packaging.
100. “it” in line 5 refers to ______.
d. How to transport food products.
a. chocolate sauce b. food
c. ice cream d. juice