Roman Architecture HISTORY OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION PHILOSOPHY “THE ANCIENT ROMAN SIYLE 19 SAID TO BE A REPRO- “WU BELIEVE THAT LIGHTNING 15 CAUSED BY CLOUDS DUCTIVE FORM OF THE GREEK AND ETRUSCAN ARCHI- | COLLIDING, WHERCAS THEY BCLICVE THAT CLOUDS COLL TECTURL; FOGCTHER THEY ARE CONSIDERCDTOBEA | INORDERIOCRCANE LIGHTNING. SINCE THEY AITRIBUIC BODY OF CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE. EVERYTHING T0009, THEY ARE LEOTOBELIEVE NOT ‘+ ALTHOUGH THE ROMANS HAVE BORRONCD MUCH | THAT EVENTS HAVE A MCANING BECRUSC THEY HAVE OFTHE GREK STYLE, THEY HAVE USED THEIROWN J HAPPENED, BUTTHATINEY HAPPEN INORDCR 10 EXPR™ KNONLEDGE IN CONSTRUCTION TO IMPROVE THE ARCH } 95AMEANING.” AND VOULT FORTHE ARCKITECTURAL COMMUNITY. TYPOLOGY + ROMON ARCHITECTURE HAS A RICH TYPOLOGY THAT INCLUDES 1) RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS TEMPLE, 2) IVIL BUILDINGS 0. PUBLIC : BASILICAS, BATHS bSPECTACLES : THEATRE, AMPHITHERTRE, CIRCUS «COMMEMORATIVE: TRIUMPH ARCH, COLUMN, a.DOMESTIC: HOUSE, VILLAGE, PALACE e-FUNERARY : TOMBS 9) ENGINEERING WORKS : BRIDGE, AGUCOUCTS. = ROMANS ORIGIN ROMANS NECOED INITRIOR SPACE FOR WORSHIP, WHEREAS THE GREEKS NORSHIPFED OUTSIOC "THEIR SOLUTION WASTO CHTEND THE NALLS OUI WARD, CREATING ENGRGCO COLUMNS, WHILE MAINTAINING TAE SANE BASIC SHAPE ‘THE ROMANS COMBINED NEW CONSTRUCTION TECH = NIQUES AND MATERIALS NITH CREATIVE DESIGN TO PRODUCE AWHOLE RANGC OF NEW ARCHITECTURES, BUILDING TOOLS & MATERIALS TUE ROMANS UStD MANY MATERIALS TO CREATE + SIMILARLY TO TODAY, THE ROMANS USCD MANY EVERYINING FROM MASONRY PASTES 10 WALLS AND DIFFERENT TOOLS 10 SURVEY THE LAND AND CONSTRUCT FLOORING. THESE ARE A FEW OF THE MATERIALS USED BUILOINGS.THESE ARE A FEN OFTHE TOOLS UStO » DIOPTRAs > CHALK « * SANDS » LEVELING STAFF & » POLZOLANIG CONCRETE « »GROMA « »BROKEN POTTERY « PAXES4 >PUMICE STONE « > ADLES » LIME « > LATHES ¢ » SANDSTONE ¢ + SAWS & > MARBLE * PLANES « » GRANITE « > FLIES « * WOOD < » CALIPERS « TERRACOTTA ¢ *SAW BLADES « » CERAMICS « » FOLDING RULER + »TINe » CHISELS « » IRON & » GOUGES < >BRICKs > HAMMER + SANGAL, PAMELA JOY N 2019-02826 Stone: ROMAN ARCHITECTURE RESEARCH WORK NO. 5Rom n Innovations —S TUSCAN ” SIMPLIFICD DORIC HAVING UNFLUTED, ANDA PLAIN BASE, CAPITAL AND SHAFT HAVING NO DECORATION OTHER THAN COMPOSITE > IT COMBINED CLEMENTS OF BOTH THE IONIC ANDCORINTHIAN ORDERS CORINTHIAN ORDER IS MOOLFICD BY YUPCRIMPOSING FOUR DIAGONALLY c SETIONIC VOULTS ON ABELL OF CORINTHIAN ACANTHUS LEAVES, COMPOS! ARCH & VAUI THE ROMANS FIRST ADOPIED THE ARCH FROM THE GREEKS, AND IMPLEMENTED (TIN THEIR OWN BUILDING. AN ARCH I 8 VERY STRONG SHAPE AS NO SINGLE SPOT HOLDS ALLTHE WENGHT AND|S STILL USED IN ARCHITECTURE 1008. BARREL» AVAULT HAVING SEMICIACULAR CROSS StCION WINDOWS CAN BE PLACED AT PNY POINT. THESE VRULTS REQUIRE BUITRESSINGTO COUNTERACT THEACT DOWNWARD THRUST OF WEIGH. GROIN » ALSO CALLED ACROSS VAULT. A COMPOUND VAULT FORMED 6Y THE PERPENDICULAR INTERSECTION OFINO VAULTS FORMING ARCHED DIAGONAL ARRIST, TUSCAN BARREL VAULT AQUEDUCTS THERE WASN'T ENOUGH WATERINTHC CITY OF ROME, THE ROMANS BROUNT NATCR IN FROM TAE SURROUNDING COUNTRY- SIDE AND WATER WAS BROUGHT IN BY TUBES cALUcD ABULOUCL CITIES THEMSELVES WERE PLUMBED, PROVIOING PRIVATE WATER FOR THE Ric AND FOR BATHS AND COMMUNAL SUPP- IES FOR POORER NEIGHBOURHOODS. TAE WATER WAS TRANS- PORTED IN CONCRETE TUNNELS, (felsle i515 Fo NEUE ett eRe) TWE DISCOVERY OF SLOW- DRYING CONCRETE, MADE NH OPUS RETICULATUM? A FORM OF BRICKIVORK POTLOLAN SAND CREATED A REVOLUTION IN ARCHITECT THAT CONSISTS OF DIRNON SHAPED TUFA BLOCKS ni] NORTAR UROL DESIGN. THI5 ALLOWED NOIONLY BASES, BUTALS OPUS INCE RT UM? USCSIRREGULAR SHAPCD UNCUT WALLS TO BE CONSTRUCTED OF MAINLY CONCRETE OR ROCKS THAT ARE APPLICO WITH MORTAR, CONCRETE AND RUBBLE OPUS MIXTUM? TUFRBLOCKS, BRICKS, N] MORTAR [oome i 20°05 | ADOME 15 AVAULIED STRUCTURE HAVING A CIRCULAR PLAN THE NECDTO MOVE LEGIONS AND IRADE GOODS IN ALL AND USUALLY THE FORM OF A PORTION OF A SPHERE, 50 WEATHER LEDTOTHE OLVELOPMENT OF THE BEST ROADS CONSTRUCTED AS TOERERT AN EQUAL TRUST IN ALL DIRECT INTHE WORLD ( TOTHE 14% CENTURY). JONS. ROMANS USED OOMES 1D SPAN AND COVER VERY LARGE OPEN SPACES,Roman Structures EXAMPLES bine aU COLOSSEUM, ALSO CALLED FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATRE, GIANT AMPHITHEATRE BUILT IN ROME UNDERTHE FLAVIAN EMPERORS. CONSTRUCTION OF THE COLOSSCUM WAS BEGUN SOMETIME BETWEEN TOAND 72.CC DURING THE REIGN OF VESPASIAN. IT15 LOCATED JUST EAST OF THE PALATINE WILL, ON THE GROUNDS OF WHAT NAS NERO’S GOLDEN WILL,ON THE GROUNDS. THE ARTIFICIAL LAKE THAT WAS THE CENTREPIECE OF THAT PALACE COMPLEX 18S ORAINED, Aida iinl sess PANTUEON, BUILDING IN ROME THAT NAS BEGUN IN 27 BC BY THE STATESMAN MARCUS VIPSANIUS AGRIPPA, PROBABLY AS A BUILDING OF THE ORDINARY CLASSICAL TEMPUt TYPE RECTANGULAR WITH A GABLED ROUF SUPPURIED BY A COLONNADE ONAL SIDES. TWAS COMPLETELY REBUILT BY THE EMPERUR HADRIAN SOMETIME BETWEEN AD INBAND 126, AND.SOME ALT: ERATIONS WERE MADEN THE EARLY SRD CENTURY 6Y THE EMPERORS SEPTINIUS SEVERUS AND CARACALLA