Experiment No.

1 - MODELING OF TRANSMISSION LINE

1. Write a note on typical transmission and distribution scheme.

2. State the advantages of high voltage transmission.
3. What are the limitations of increasing the transmission voltage level to high value?
4. .What is meant by Stranded conductors?
5. Define transposition in transmission lines.
6. State two advantages of bundled conductors
7. Define skin effect
8. Define proximity effect
9. What do you mean by the constants of overhead transmission line
10. Define Electrostatic effect.
11. Differentiate bundled conductor and a stranded conductor
12. List out two advantages and disadvantages of corona.
13. Draw the power angle diagram of a transmission line.
14. Define voltage regulation of transmission line.
15. What is Ferranti effect?
16. What is surge impedance?
17. What are the units for generalized circuit constant A, B, C and D?
18. What is medium transmission line?
19. Define sag?

Experiment No.2 - SHORT CIRCUIT ANALSYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM

1. What is meant by a fault?

2. How the faults are classified?
3. List the various types of shunt and series fault?
4. List the symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault?
5. What are symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault?
6. Write the relative frequency of occurrence of various types of faults.
7. What is the need for fault analysis?
8. What is synchronous reactance?
9. Define sub transient reactance.
10. Define transient reactance.
11. What is momentary current rating of circuit breaker?
12. What is impedance matrix?
13. Name the various unsymmetrical faults in a power system.
14. What are symmetrical components?
15. Write the symmetrical components of three phase system.
16. What are positive sequence components?
17. What are negative sequence components?
18. What are zero sequence components?
19. Express the unbalanced voltages in terms of symmetrical components.
20. Express the symmetrical components in terms of unbalanced voltages.
21. What are sequence impedance and sequence networks?
22. What is meant by positive, negative and zero sequence impedances?
23. What is meant by positive, negative and zero sequence reactance diagram?
24. Draw the zero sequence network of a generator when the neutral is grounded and
 when it is ungrounded?

Experiment No.3 - LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS USING GAUSS-SIEDEL METHOD

1. What is a bus?
2. What is power flow study?
3. What is the need for load-flow study?
4. What are the different types of buses in a power system?
5. What are the quantities that are associated with each bus in a system?
6. Define voltage controlled bus?
7. What is load bus?
8. What is slack bus?and What is the need to have slack bus in power system?
9. What are the iterative methods mainly used for the solution of load flow problems?
10. Why do we go for iterative methods to solve load flow problems?
11. What are the advantages of Gauss – seidal method?
12. What are the disadvantages of Gauss – seidal method?

Experiment No.4 - LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS UNING NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD

1. What are the advantages of Newton - Raphson method?

2. What are the disadvantages of Newton - Raphson method?
3. What are the advantages of Fast Decoupled method?
4. What are the disadvantages of Fast Decoupled method?
5. Compare the G.S. and N.R. methods of load flow solutions?
6. How approximation is performed in Newton-Raphson method?
7. What is Jacobian matrix? How the elements of Jacobian matrix are computed?
8. How the convergence of N-R method is speeded up?
9. What are the works involved in a load flow study?
10. Write the most important mode of operation of power system and mention the major
problems encountered with it.
11. Why power flow analysis is made?
12. What are the information that are obtained from a load flow study?

Experiment No.5 - FORAMTION OF Y-BUS USING STEP BY STEP METHOD

1. Write the equation for the bus admittance matrix.

2. Mention the advantages of bus admittance matrix, Ybus.
3. What is the advantage of per unit method over percent method?
4. What is bus admittance matrix?
5. Explain the characteristics of primitive network
6. Define base impedance and base kilovoltamperes.
7. Why the three phase kVA directly used for per unit calculation in three phase
systems?
8. What do you mean by a flat voltage start?

Experiment No.6 - STABILITY ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM

1. Define stability.
2. Define steady state stability.
3. Define transient stability.
4. What is steady state stability limit?
 5. What is transient stability limit?
6. How stability studies are classified?
7. Give the expression for swing equation.
8. Define Swing curve.
9. Define power angle.
10. Define critical clearing time.
11. Define critical clearing angle.
12. List the methods of improving transient stability limit of a power system.
13. State equal area criterion.
14. Derive Swing equation used for stability studies in power system.
15. Derive the expressions for critical clearing time and angle.
16. Write the computational algorithm for obtaining swing curves using Runge – Kutta
method
17. What are the assumptions made in solving swing equation?
18.Give the control schemes included in stability control techniques?
19. What is Multimachine stability?
20. What is meant by an infinite bus?

Experiment No.7 - ELECTRO MATNETIC TRANSIENTS IN

TRAVELLING WAVES

1. What are the sources of transients?

2. What are the types of power system transients?
3. State the importance of transient study in planning.
4. List the effects of transients in power system.
5. Name the various types of Transients in power system.
6. What are the effects of lightning transients?
7. Define transient.
8. What are the specifications of a traveling wave?
9. Write the expression for series and shunt lumped parameters in distributed lines.
10. Define standing waves and natural frequencies.
11. What is meant by reflection and refraction of traveling waves
12. What is meant by line dropping?
13. Explain the over voltage induced by faults.
14. What are the switching surges on integrated system?
Experiment No.8 - LOAD FREQUENCY DYNAMICS OF SINGLE AND TWO
AREA SYSTEM

1. Explain the requirements of planning the operation of a power system.

2. Define steady state operating condition.
3. What are the major control loops used in large generators?
4. What is the use of secondary loop?
5. What is the adv of AVR loop over ALFC?
 6. What is the diff. between large and small signal analysis?
7. Explain about static AVR loop?
8. What are the functions of ALFC?
9. What is meant by control area?
10. Explain the Principle of Tie-line Bias control.
11. Define area control error.
12. Write the tie line power deviation equation in terms of frequency?
13. List the advantage of multi area operation. List out the various needs for frequency
regulation in power system.
14. What is the purpose of a speed changer?
15. Why the frequency and voltage are to be regulated in power system?
16. What happens to frequency if the load on the generator increases?
17. Define per unit droop.
18. State the difference between P-f, and Q-lVl.
19. What decides the loading of generating stations?
20. What is the duty of the power system operator?
21. What are the problems associated with the interconnected power system?

Experiment No.9 - ECONOMIC DISPATCH WITH/WITHOUT LOSS

1. What is the purpose of economic dispatch?

2. What are load curve and load duration curve?
3. What are the needs for load forecasting?
4. What is daily, Weekly, Annual load curve?
5. Define load factor.
6. Define diversity factor.
7. What is demand factor?
8. What is meant by incremental cost curve?
9. Define spinning reserve.
10. What are cold reserves and hot reserves?
11. When do discontinuities occur in the fuel cost curve and the incremental cot curve?
12. What is plant use factor?
13. Define participation factor?
14. Define hydrothermal scheduling problem?
15. Define incremental cost?

Experiment No.10 - UNIT COMMITMENT BY BRUTE FORCE METHOD

1. What is meant by unit Commitment?

2. Compare unit commitment and economic dispatch
3. What do you mean by priority list method?
4. What are the assumptions made in dynamic programming problem?
5. What is meant by cascading outages?
6. Distinguish between reliability and security of a power system.
7. Would the demand side actively participate in the market for energy and/or reserves?
8. Are there any adverse effects of excluding active demand side participation?