AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS
Respiratory Protection and Product Range Overview
EVERY LIFE HAS A PURPOSE…
Agenda
▪ Quick Introduction
▪ APR Limitations
▪ Particle filtration
▪ Gas filtration
▪ Filter structure
▪ Service time
▪ Product types
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The various types of risks
Dust Smoke Mists
Gas Vapors
Oxygen Deficiency
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Where the toxics go ?
Gas/ Vapors
Mist
Smoke
Dust
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Basic Definition
▪ A respirator consists mainly of:
– A respiratory inlet covering:
barrier between wearer’s respiratory tract & harmful
atmosphere.
– An air-management system;
a method of providing clean air
▪ If properly selected, used, and maintained,
respirator provides protection by:
– removing contaminants from the air or,
– supplying an independent air source
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A Quick Introduction
▪ Respiratory protection
– When a person is confronted to a breathing air
▪ in which toxic gases or vapours or harmful particles are
present or
▪ in case of oxygen deficiency.
▪ Many devices available, designed according to
specific standards
– Protection according to the nature of the danger.
– Choice and the selection important.
– The user could in serious danger if
▪ the selected equipment is not adapted or
▪ if used beyond the manufacturer’s instructions.
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A Quick Introduction
▪ Two major modes of operation:
– Air Purifying Respirators (APR)
also named Filtering Devices
▪ Provide breathable air by passing ambient air through a
filtering element to remove specific contaminant(s).
▪ You breathe the Ambient Air
▪ Between 17% and 21% oxygen content
– Supplied Air Respirators (SAR)
Also named Breathing Apparatuses
▪ Provide breathing air from source independent of ambient
atmosphere.
▪ Anytime, in case of doubt
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A Quick Introduction
▪ Both available with different types of interface
– Designed as an enclosure to cover:
• nose and mouth,
• entire face, or
• entire head.
– Two general inlet coverings:
1. Tight-fitting: Complete Seal with Wearer’s Face
2. Loose-fitting: Partial Seal with Wearer’s Face
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APR SAR
Work Escape Self Contained Self Contained
Filtering Mouthpiece Work Escape
Facepiece
Half mask Operations SCBA
Half mask
Hood SCBA Self Rescuer
Full Face Masks
CCBA
PAPR
non autonomous
Work
Fresh Air BA
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Airline
APR SAR
Work Escape Self Contained Self Contained
Affinity MiniScape Work Escape
Advantage 200 LS MSR 1/2 Operations SCap Air
Advantage 400 S Cap AirXpress Savox
Advantage 3000 Air Elite SSR 300 / 100
3S – Ultra Elite non autonomous
Optimair 3000 Work
Turbo flo
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Airflo
Air Purifying Devices
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Product Types
▪ APR consists of:
– A face piece, covering totally or partially
the face and in particular the breathing
tracts (mouth and nose)
– An appropriate filter.
▪ Several types of equipment
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Product Types
▪ Filtering Facepieces (EN149)
(also named disposable masks)
– the face piece is the filter
– Particle filtration
– MSA Affinity
▪ Half Masks (EN140)
– Face piece and filters
– MSA Advantage 200 LS
– MSA Advantage 400 …
▪ Full Face Masks (EN136)
– Includes eye protection
– Face piece and filters
– MSA Advantage 3000,
MSA 3S / 3S Basis
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Product Types
▪ Escape Devices
– Mouthpiece:
MSA miniSCAPE
– Half mask:
MSA MSR ½
▪ Escape from fire (EN403)
– Hooded device:
MSA SCAP
MSA SmokeHood
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Product Types
An escape device is not suitable for …
work!
Work
HAZARD
Escape
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Product Types
▪ PAPR
Powered Air Purifying Respirator
– Ventilated unit
– Blower, face pieces and filters
– Classified according to the tightness of the
complete device
▪ 2 different standards and identified by 2 letters:
– TH (Turbo Hood), EN 12941
hood or a helmet (loose fitting)
– TM (Turbo mask), EN 12942
mask or half mask (tight fitting)
– MSA OptimAir 3000
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APR Limitations
▪ Not everyone is able to wear a respirator:
– Persons with medical conditions;
▪ example: impaired lung function, asthma, emphysema.
– Persons unable to obtain a good fit;
▪ example: facial hair, beards, sideburns, facial scars.
▪ Vision:
– Corrective spectacles and goggles must not affect the fit.
– Temple pieces must not pass between the sealing
surface and face.
– Manufacturer spectacle kits for full-face.
– Reduced Field of vision.
– Fogging, nose cup, lens treatments.
▪ Communication:
– Speech distortion.
– Speaking diaphragms.
– Design features.
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APR Limitations
▪ APR does not produce or supply any oxygen or breathable
air.
▪ APR can be used everywhere, except:
– In containers or confined spaces
▪ Following conditions must be known:
– Type, property and composition of contaminant
– Oxygen content of the inhalation air must be sufficient (> 17% vol.)
– Local or national restrictions or conditions may be different (ex. CO
filters not allowed in UK)
– Some gases cannot be filtered (e.g. CO2)
– In case of doubt, SAR
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Particle Filtration
▪ Particle filter:
– Solid particles or aerosols
(e.g. coal dust, metal smoke, wood dust,...)
– Liquid particles or aerosols
(e.g. oil droplets, mists,...)
▪ Different types
– Mechanical filtration
– Electrostatic (https://blog.msasafety.com/funding-for-
respiratory-protection-included-in-executive-order-for-
covid-19/)
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Particle Filtration
▪ Mechanical
– Network of fibers
– Saturation goes with resistance
Cotton
Glass fiber
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Particle Filtration
▪ Electrostatic
– Plastic fibers (polypropylene)
– Particles trapped by electrostatic charges
– Performance may decrease under certain conditions
(too long storage, high dust, oil mists, …)
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Particle Filtration EN
▪ Filtering face pieces (EN149)
– 3 classes almost similar to EN143
– Mainly electrostatic
EN 149:2001
Maximum allowed Solid Liquid
penetration for particles particles
(NaCl) (paraffin oil)
FFP1 20 % 20 %
FFP2 6 % 6 %
FFP3 1 % 1 %
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Particle Filtration EN
▪ Filters for face pieces (EN 143)
– 3 classes
▪ P1: 20 % / P2: 6% / P3: 0,05%
– Color Coding: white
– Tested with
▪ Paraffin oil (liquid)
▪ Sodium Chloride (solid)
– Particle size < 1 µm
– Different structure of filtering media
▪ Hawley: concentric (999)
▪ Pleated: parallel folding (PlexTec)
– Lower resistance
– More filtering surface
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Particle Filtration NIOSH
▪ Matrix of Filter Class/Efficiency
▪ Three categories of resistance to efficiency degradation:
– N Series for Not resistant to oil.
– R Series for Resistant to oil.
– P Series for oil-Proof.
▪ Oil particles - example: N R P
lubricants, cutting fluids,
glycerin, etc 95% N95 R95 P95
99% N99 R99 P99
99.95% N100 R100 P100
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Particle Filtration NIOSH
▪ Particle sizes in microns
– Most penetrating size: 0.3 microns
– Particles <10 microns: high chance of entering respiratory tract
– Particles <5: high chance of reaching deep lung or alveolar spaces
▪ All tests use the most penetrating aerosol size, 0.3 micron.
– N Series filters are tested against sodium chloride (NaCl).
– R & P series filters are tested against Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP).
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Particle Filtration NIOSH
Most Efficient Particle filter: HEPA
▪ High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filter
▪ or P-100
– P-100 is designed to remove the most penetrating
particle size
– Magenta color-coded
▪ NIOSH requirement
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Filters: 2 types
▪ SPECIFIC ▪ STANDARD
▪ MSA bayonet ▪ Filters RD 40
(standard thread EN 148-1)
▪ EN 14387 - EN 143
▪ EN 14387 - EN 143
▪ For masks twin filters ▪ Single filter masks Advantage
Advantage 200 LS 410, Advantage 3100, 3S
Advantage 420 and
Advantage 3200
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Gas Filtration
▪ Filtering media
– Active carbon granules
– Another technology developed by MSA
consists of tablets of activated carbon
(TabTec®) made of granules bonded together
▪ Lighter weight
▪ Less material
▪ More environmentally friendly
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Gas Filtration
▪ Several principles of filtration:
– Physical (type A)
▪ Adsorption
(risk of desorption)
– Chemical (B, E, K)
▪ absorption (chemical binding)
– Catalysis (CO)
▪ Transformation of toxic
gases into non toxic
▪ hopcalite
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Gas Filtration
▪ Chemical Cartridge(s) or Canister
▪ Several types of cartridges & canisters:
– Remove single vapor or gas
– Remove combination of two or more classes of
vapors or gases
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Gas Filtration EN14387
▪ 3 filtration classes
Type Application Color code Class
– 1: 1000 ppm Organic gases and
A Brown 1,2,3
vapors
– 2: 5000 ppm B
Inorganic gases and
Grey 1,2,3
vapors (i.e. chlorine)
– 3: 10000 ppm E
Sulfur dioxide and
Yellow 1,2,3
acid gas and vapors
▪ Ex for Combination filter K
Ammonia and organic
ammonia derivatives
Green 1,2,3
– 89 ABEK CO NO Hg/St Hg Mercury vapors Red Ltd use
NO Nitrogen Oxides Blue Ltd use
– Types and Classes: CO Carbon Monoxide Black Ltd use
A1 B2 E2 K1 NO Hg CO P3 R Reactor Radioactive Iodine Orange -
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Gas Filtration NIOSH
Color Code (Guide Only--Read the Label!)
Atmospheric Contaminant(s) Cartridge Color
Acid gases (AG) White
Organic vapors (OV) Black
Ammonia gas Green
Acid gases & organic vapors Yellow
Acid gases, ammonia, & organic vapors Brown
“Other” vapors & gases or multiple protection Olive
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Equivalences NA / EU
Acid Gases Particles
Hydrogen Fluoride
Hydrogen Sulfide
Mercury Vapours
Organic Vapours
Chlorine Dioxide
Solid and Liquid
Formaldehyde
Solid Aerosols
Sulfur Dioxide
Methylamine
Hydrogen
Ammonia
aerosols
Chloride
Chlorine
NIOSH Type OV CL SD CD HC HS AM MA FM HF MV N95 R95 P100
MSA Designation
GMA X
GMB X X X X X
GMC X X X X X X
GMD X X
GME X X X X X X X X X X
Mersorb X X
EN Equivalence A B E B B/E B K K B B/E Hg P2 P2 P3
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Filter Structure
▪ Filter =
media + housing
▪ Function of the housing
– holds the filtration material
– guides the air
– connects to the face piece
▪ Housing materials
– Metal (aluminum)
– plastic
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Gas Filtration
▪ Saturation
– When the media is saturated, the filter becomes
ineffective, and leaves all the toxic passing through it.
– Breakthrough time defines the efficiency of the filter.
– Data available in filters data sheets (EN)
▪ Test house
▪ Typical values
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Gas Filtration
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Gas Filtration
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Service Time
▪ Question:
How long will my filter last?
▪ Question back:
How long does it take to drink a bier??
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Service Time
Several factors may affect the Service Time
▪ Filter Design ▪ Atmospheric Influences
– Type of sorbent(s) – Type of contaminant(s)
– Amount of sorbent(s) – Contaminant concentration's
– Physical arrangement of – Relative humidity
sorbents – Flow rate/breathing rate/work
– Packing density of sorbent rate
bed/compression – Temperature
– Bed depth/thickness – Maintenance & storage
– Residence time of – Accuracy in estimating
contaminant in bed conditions
– Flow path through container – Changes in conditions
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Service Time
▪ End of Service Time:
▪ Increased breathing resistance (for particle filters)
▪ Smell (odor)
▪ Taste
▪ Eye irritation
▪ …
▪ Change Out schedule
▪ Special Rules (gases without odor)
▪ Hg filter: max. 50 hours
▪ AX filter: max. 20/40/60 minutes
▪ CO filter: max. 20/120 minutes
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Service Time
▪ Recommendations:
▪ Read, understand, and follow the instruction manual. If you don’t
understand or clarification is needed, ask the manufacturer
▪ A filter against gases should normally be used only once. If its
capacity is good enough, then it should be used against the same
contaminants.
▪ A filter used against other gases may sometime release the first gas to
better fix the second.
▪ It is highly recommended to use a filter for a maximum duration
of 8 hours
▪ And at max. 6 month after opening
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New Filters
▪ Replace the current carbon with Chromium free carbon
– REACH Directive
– CrO3 listed as substance of very high concern (SVHC)
– Existing filters marked accordingly
– Streamline and consolidate filters offerings
▪ Phased out filters with no/low sales process started
– Production of new line to be initiated this week
▪ Creation of new filters :
– 87 will become 90
– 88 will become 92 (P2)
– 89 will become 93 (P3)
– First approvals already received
▪ Filters using non chromium carbon will be also updated later but:
– Will be renamed according to the same rules for product line consistency
– New part number created to have a “clear cut”
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Product Information
▪ Affinity
▪ miniSCAPE
▪ SCAP
▪ Advantage 200 LS
▪ Advantage 400
▪ Advantage 3000
▪ OptimAir 3000
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▪ [Features and benefits]
– Folded respirators (easily carried in a shirt pocket)
– Low profile, ideal for use with other PPE
– Vertical fold provides ergonomic face seal
– Smooth and light material offers comfortable fit
– Pre-shaped nose clip prevents fogging of spectacles
– Optional exhalation valve prevents heat build-up and reduces breathing resistance
– Color coding for quick identification
– Individual hygienic wrapping and dispenser box
– Universal size for easy selection and less inventory
▪ Versions FR FFP2 with carbon layer
– Odor removal only
– Comfort, not protection
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▪ [Features and benefits]
– Cup- shaped model
– Effective, reliable and economical
– Lightweight and comfortable
– Smooth material
– Pre-shaped nose clip
– Plastic attachments [no staples]
– Optional exhalation valves
– Color coding for quick identification
– Universal size for easy selection and less inventory
▪ FFP3 also features:
– Adjustable elastic band
– Inner face seal for a better fit
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▪ [Features and benefits]
– Low Maintenance
– Fit, Comfort and Value
▪ Soft and light weight material
▪ Available in 3 sizes
▪ Facepiece made of TPR
▪ Low profile - fits under welding helmets.
▪ AnthoCurve sealing surface.
▪ Better fit around the nose area.
▪ Equalizes pressure
▪ Fits a wide variety of face types.
▪ MultiFlex system.
▪ Mixed structure soft and rigid
▪ Excellent cartridge support.
▪ Maintains a soft face seal.
– Full range of filters
– Full range of accessories
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▪ User Protection & Source Control ▪ It also enables user protection up to
▪ The MSA Advantage 290 Elastomeric P100 level and is designed for easy
Half-Mask Respirator provides cleaning and decontamination.
healthcare professionals with an ▪ For the healthcare industry, the MSA
innovative and secure respiratory Advantage 290 Elastomeric
solution. Respirator offers a cost-effective and
▪ With the elimination of an exhalation eco-friendly alternative over
valve, the Advantage 290 Elastomeric disposable filtering facepiece
Respirator achieves source control by respirators.
filtering
▪ exhaled breath to help reduce the
likelihood of contaminating the
surrounding area.
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▪ MSA new global half-mask platform
– Single port Advantage 410
– Twin-port Advantage 420
▪ Use Advantage Bayonet & EN 148-1 cartridges
▪ Exclusive and patented harness
▪ Replace Comfo products worldwide
▪ Available in 3-sizes
▪ Fit a broad range of faces
▪ High end market segment
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▪ [Features and benefits]
– Two versions :
▪ single filter EN thread
EN 136 cl.3
▪ twin filter Advantage bayonet
EN 136 cl.2
– Six sizes
– Silicon face blank
– Advantage harness
– Wide optically corrected lens
– Ease of maintenance
– Dismantling and assembling simplified
– Name identification
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▪ [Features and benefits]
– Low profile
– Stackable filter system
– One-button operation
– Battery status indication
– Acoustic signal through the hose
– Automatic head top detection
– One-click battery change
– Shower proof for decontamination (IP54)
– Range of headpieces
– 3 versions to suit the needs
▪ Standard, High flow, ATEX
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▪ Basic Information
– One-time use escape device
– Service time 5 minutes
– Classified ABEK-5 acc. to DIN 58647-T7:1997
(No European standard)
– TabTec Technology
▪ Features & benefits
– Pocket size
– Belt clip integrated
– Quick donning
– Universal fit (mouthpiece device)
– Visible: light translucent green
– Light and well balanced (position of the mouthpiece on the filter)
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▪ Basic performances:
– 15 minutes
– Protection:
gases and fumes from fire
– Half mask and hood combination
▪ Protection range:
– contaminants as toxic and eye-irritating fire smoke and gases from
fire (not ABEK !!!!)
– (carbon monoxide, acrolein, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide,
sulphur dioxide)
– particles of harmful substances [P2]
▪ Storage life:
– Factory sealed in foil bag under proper storage conditions
– Maintenance-free 4 years (thereafter, testing is required)
– Max. shelf life: 10 years (4+4+2 years)
– S-CAP stored on vehicles: Max. 8 years
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