PHILIPPINE

AGRARIAN REFORM
REPORTERS:
Segundino, Marjorie Y.
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Gomez, Rica Mae

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Prepose, Rumelyn M.
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QUESTION
What do you think is the
difference between LAND
REFORM and AGRARIAN
REFORM?
 WORLD BANK’S FIVE
DIMENSIONS OF AGRARIAN
REFORM
1. Stocks and liberalization
2. L a n d r e f o r m a n d
development of land
markets
3. Agro-processing and input
supply channels
4. Urban finance
5. Market institutions
Pre-spanish Period
“ This land is Ours God gave
this land to us.”
DURING
Spanish Colonization(1521-1896)
• Poblacion
• Pueblo System of Agriculture
LAW OF THE
Spain awarded tracts of lands to:
INDIES
• Religious orders. This became the primary source of abuse and exploitation (e.g.,
the friars would increase land rent on a whim)
• Repayments of Spanish soldiers, as a reward for their service land.
• Spanish encomenderos, or those mandated to manage an encomienda
 ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

The ENCOMIENDA SYST EM divided the

Philippines into territories headed the
Encomiendero.

An ENCOMIENDA (from spanish encomendar

“ to entrust” consisted of a grant by the
crown to a conquistador a soldier, an official
or others specified number of “Indios” living
in a particular area.
 ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

PURPOSE OF THE ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

1. Protect the people in the encomienda

2. To maintain peace and order
3. To promote education and health
programs
4. T o hel p te mi s s i o n a r i es p r o p a g a t e
Christianity
 LAND OWNERSHIP
DURING THE AMERICAN
COLONIZATION(1898-1935)

• To address landlessness,
- The Philippine bill of 1902
-The Philippine commission
act no. 496
• The homestead program 1903
• Friars land Act of 1902
President Manuel L. Quezon
COMMONWEALTH PERIOD(1935-1942)

The president Manuel L. Quizon advocated the social justice program to blpock the
increasing unrest in Central Luzon

• Significant legislation enacted during the Commonwealth Period:

-1935 Constitution
- Commonwealth Act No. 178 (An Amendment to Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045),
November 13, 1936
-National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC), 1936,
-Commonwealth Act. No. 461, 1937
-Rural Program Administration, created March 2, 1939
-Commonwealth Act No. 441 enacted on June 3, 1939
AGRARIAN REFORM
•
PRE-WORLD WAR I
The sakdal (to accuse) uprising.
• Benigno Ramos established the Partido sakdalista in 1933.
• In 1935, and attempt at uprising was organized.
• Hukbalahap or Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon controlled whole areas of
Central Luzon.
• During the commonwealth government, President Quezon started a social
justice program.
• The administration also created NARIC, or the National Rice and Corn.
• Court of Industrial Relations was established .
AGRARIAN REFORM AFTER
WORLD WAR II
After the establishment of the Philippine Independence in 1946, the
problems of land tenure remained. These became worst in certain areas.
Thus the Congress of the Philippines revised the tenancy law.
President Manuel A. Roxas
(1946-1948)
He enacted the following laws:

• Republic Act No. 34 -- Established the

70-30 sharing arrangements and
regulating share-tenancy contracts.
• Republic Act No. 55 -- Provided for a
more effective safeguard against
arbitrary ejectment of tenants.
President Elpidio R. Quirino
(1948-1953)
He enacted the following laws:

• Executive Order No. 355 issued on October 23, 1950 --

Replaced the National Land Settlement
Administration with Land Settlement Development
Corporation (LASEDECO), which takes over the
responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery
Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn
Production Administration.
President Ramon Magsaysay
(1953-1957)
He enacted the following:
• Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 - Abolished the LASEDECO and
established the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation
Administration (NARRA) to resettle dissidents and landless farmers.
• Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) - governed
the relationship between landowners and tenant farmers by
organizing share-tenancy and leasehold system. The law provided
the security of tenure of tenants. It also created the Court of Agrarian
Relations.
• Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955) - Created the Land
Tenure Administration (LTA)
• Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative
Financing Administration)
President Carlos P. Garcia
(1957-1961)
• Continued the program of President Ramon Magsaysay. No
new legislation passed.
President Diosdado P. Macapagal
(1961-1965)
• Republic Act No. 3844 of August 8, 1963 (Agricultural Land
Reform Code) --Abolished share tenancy, institutionalized
leasehold, set retention limit at 75 hectares, invested rights
of preemption and redemption for tenant farmers, provided
for administrative machinery for implementation,
institutionalized a judicial system of agrarian cases,
incorporated extension, marketing and supervised credit
system of services of farmer-beneficiaries.
AGRARIAN REFORM
DURING THE MARCOS REGIME
• After the declaration of martial law in 1972, president Marcos was able to start a
"fundamental restructuring" of government.
• Masagana 99 was a rice self-sufficiency program.
• Operation land transfer granted land to tenants occupying seven hectares of
rice and corn.

• These are some agrarian reform policies passed during the Marcos regime:
- Republic Act No. 6389, (Code of Agrarian Reform) and R.A. No. 6390 of 1971
-Created the Department of Agrarian Reform and the Agrarian Decree No. 2,
September 26, 1972 - Declared the country under the land reform program. It also
activated the Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council.
-Presidential Decree No. 27, October 21, 1972 - Restricted land reform scope
to tenanted rice and corn lands.
 POST
AGRARIAN
REFORM
President Corazon C. Aquino
• provides under Section 21 under Article II that “The State
shall promote comprehensive rural development and
agrarian reform.”
• On June 10, 1988, she signed into law Republic Act No. 6657 or
otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Law (CARL). The law became effective on June 15, 1988.
• She also allowed the option for stock redistribution.
President Fidel V. Ramos
(1992)
• His administration committed to the vision "Fairer, faster and
more meaningful implementation of the Agrarian Reform
Program.
• The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) was
able to distribute 58.25 percent of the total area covered by CARP.
• Hesigned the Republic Act no. 8532 in 1998 to amend CARP.
President Joseph E. Estrada
initiated the enactment of the following law:
• Executive Order N0. 151, September 1999 (Farmer's Trust
Fund) – Allowed the voluntary consolidation of small farm
operations into medium and large-scale integrated
enterprises that can access long-term capital.
• During his administration, President Estrada launched the
Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo or MAGKASAKA.
“ERAP
PARA SA MAHIRAP’.
• The battle cry that endeared President
Joseph Estrada and made him very
popular during the 1998 presidential
election.
AGRARIAN REFORM
IN THE PRESENT TIME
• In 2008, the deadline for the extended CARP came to pass.
• Despite this, 1.6 million hectares of agricultural land remained undistributed to the
1.2 million farmers.
• The agrarian reform program under the Arroyo administration is anchored on the
vision “To make the countryside economically viable for the Filipino family by
building partnership and promoting social equity and new economic
opportunities towards lasting peace and sustainable rural development.”
President Gloria Arroyo
• She signed the Republic Act no. 9700, or the Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program Extension with reforms (CARPER),
extended the deadline to five more years, from 2009 to 2014.
• Agrarian Justice - To help clear the backlog of agrarian cases.
• During this Period, CARPER was able to distribute a total of 1
million hectares of land to 900,000 farmer-beneficiaries.
• Five hundred thousand hectares of land remain to be
undistributed.
President Benigno Aquino III
• vowed during his 2012 State of the Nation Address that he
would complete the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP), the centerpiece program of the administration of his
mother, President Corazon Aquino.
• He also enacted Executive Order No. 26, Series of 2011, to
mandate the Department of Agriculture-Department of
Environment and Natural Resources-Department of Agrarian
Reform Convergence Initiative to develop a National Greening
Program in cooperation with other government agencies.
President Rodrigo Duterte
• He wants to pursue an "aggressive" land reform program that
would help alleviate the lives of poor Filipino farmers by prioritizing
the provision of support services alongside land distribution.
• He directed the DAR to launch the 2nd phase of agrarian reform
where landless farmers would be awarded undistributed lands
under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
• He plans to place almost all public lands, including military reserves,
under
• agrarian reform.
• He also placed 400 hectares of agricultural land in Boracay under
CARP.
 REFERENCES:
https://youtu.be/JB92PQ_sjf4
https://youtu.be/cCUF0wsJgdU
https://youtu.be/FOdHx3z2SkE
https://youtu.be/Wt_gNEh0ECQ
 THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!!!