Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 535

Proceedings of the 1st Paris Van Java International Seminar on Health, Economics,
Social Science and Humanities (PVJ-ISHESSH 2020)

The Effect of Parenting Style Towards Social

Emotional Behavior the Child
1st Ajeng Rahayu Tresna Dewi 2nd Beni Kuntoro
STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan
Jl. RA Moertasiah Soepomo No. 28B Jl. RA Moertasiah Soepomo No. 28B
Kuningan 45511 Indonesia Kuningan 45511 Indonesia
ajeng@upmk.ac.id

Abstract—This study aims to obtain information about give an example to his son how to apply these norms in
the effect of parenting style on social-emotion behavior of everyday life. Such research results of Maryam (2015:2)
children aged 5 year in Subdistrict Cipicungs. This study that a child's emotional development took place in the
using of quantitative research with a type Ex Post Facto. The dynamic interactions between parental relationships with
population of this research was parents and children aged 5 children and their environment. One aspect of this
years of kindergartens in subdistrict Cipicung, with samples environment is nurturing, stable orangtuayang behavior
taken from the entire population. Data were collected using and attitudes of children to determine the climate of the
questionnaires and observations. The data analysis used
regressi on analysis with SPSS 20.0 for windows with
emosionalonal family.
significance level 0.05. The Results showed that influence The family is the environment that is very close to the
parenting style against the social- emotion behavior of children, the family has a great role and functions in
children ages 5 years with value Significance (p<0,05) with support of child development optimally. Isrofil (2015:176)
the determination of the coefficient of 44 % and the rest is States that parenting is the attitude and behavior of parents
influenced by other factors. who have a direct effect on the development and well-
Keyword—Parenting Style, Social Emotional Behavior being of children. A good relationship between children
with parents and other family members will develop forms
I. INTRODUCTION
of good behavior as well. When the environment in the
Early childhood 0-6 year is a time of development and
family less give comfort in children such as parental
growth crucial to children in his future or also known as
treatment, frequent berating, not concern for the children,
the golden age (the Golden Age). J, Bannet (Wibowo
do not give guidance, role models, teaching or
Agus, 2013:25) States that an early age started in the
conditioning against in applying norms, either religion or
womb before being born or up to the age of 6 years. Early
tatakrama, then it will produce children that are less well
childhood is also known as a critical period, as if in this
in his behavior.
period the child less attention in terms of education,
Parenting adopted parents in children according to
treatment, care and health services as well as the needs of
Maccoby & Martin (Steinberg, 1993:143) there are four
the children feared its nutrition value can not grow and
parenting styles i.e. parenting authoritative, authoritarian,
develop in optimal.
indulgent, and indifferent. Four different parenting has an
Aspects of child development one social emotional
impact on the behavior of children. Authoritative
development of IE that includes child's behavior in the
parenting more emphasis on children's freedom but
environment. Discuss emotional development must
remain in reasonable rules, being warm towards children,
intersect the social development of children. And vice
and very responsive to the needs of the child.
versa, discusses the social development of the child should
Authoritarian parenting is higher in its case, the child is
involve the emotional development of the child. Social
required to obey the rules set, parents tend to do corporal
behavior is very closely related to emotional behavior
punishment, and the lack of warmth in children. Indulgent
despite having different patterns. Bronfrenbener (Carter,
parenting is very involved in the lives of children and give
2016:11) States that the early development of the child
a little limitation, tend to give less control, and liberating
diperangaruhi by some of the social and cultural context
and being loose, as well as less Guide. The last indifferent,
which includes the family, educational settings,
i.e. parenting parenting that are less involved in the child's
communities, and the wider community.
life, parents let children and freeing paced and less
The social behavior of the child emotionally affected
warmth. Of the fourth such parenting, authoritative
by the process of treatment, care or guidance from parents
parenting which could produce a child with good
against children introducing various aspects of social life,
or the life of community norms as well as encourage and

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 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 535

behavior, while the other third parenting is more likely to Darling & Steinberg (1993:493) States that parenting
produce good child behavior. is the attitude of parents towards the child that was
Parents tend to give a response and control will make delivered to the child and create an emotional climate
the child well in his behavior, otherwise if the parents who through parental behavior. The attitude of the parents
tend to be a little give a response but high in demands it become the primary caregiving within families, because
will produce children who have behavioral issues. So also the attitude of the parents determine the child's
with the parents who relinquish or too spoil the child, will development and becoming the deciding child's behavior
produce children that are less well in his behavior. in the future. Isrofil (2015:176) States that parenting is the
Wibowo Agus (2013:75) States that parenting is one of attitude and behavior of parents who have a direct effect
the significant factors that shaped the character of the on the development and well-being of children. Through
child form. Authoritarian parents, their child wants to the parenting that is applied by the parent, the child will
always obey the wishes of parents without any be able to interact with the environment and get to know
opportunity for the child to dialogue, so that it will the Association that exists in the environment.
produce children who tend to be less able to develop skills Maccoby & Martin (Steinberg, 1993:144) stated that
in berkomunikasinya. Parents tend to take off the child's there are four styles or patterns of caregiving parent, that
wishes will cause a child not being able to control the is authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and indifferent.
behavior and desires and can form a selfish personal. Authoritarian parenting is parenting high demands
Based on the results of the pengamatandan the facts (demandingness) and low on the response (responsifness).
found in the subdistrict of Cipicung against social and Ren & Edwards (2015:617) stated that a parent
emotional behaviors children ages 5-6 years visible there authoritarian showed low warmth and acceptance, hold
is still some children have social and emotional behavior the children, and often use the strategy discipline, and
problems, for example, there are children who still love a corporal punishment and verbal. Authoritative parenting is
fight with his friend, the boy who was still hard to parenting parents high demands (demandingness) and
socialize or hang out with his friend, the boy who still responses (responsiveness). This is parenting parenting
likes to taunt your friends when your friends have any that is responsive and gives full attention without curb
errors or omissions, the child still be indifferent when a freedom of children. Aunt, Chaudhry, cloud, & Tariq
friend asked for help, the child is difficult to control (2013:92) in her research States that orangtuaauthoritative
emotionally, children want to be left behind his mother, was significantly higher in the academic ability and has
still beum independent in the task given, etc. Children the level of problem behavior were lower as well as higher
with their respective characteristics in behave in the in the development psikososialnya.
environment to interact with other people and get to know Indulgent parenting is parenting that is low on
the emotional self and others in dire need of parental role demands (demandingness) but high in response
especially, since the parent is the child's key to success in (responsifness). This is a parenting style parenting in
achieving a better personality. which parents are involved in children's lives but gives
Based on the results of interviews with some of the little limitation on the child. They tend to behave in the
teachers and parents at the school, that the way that social inkompeten as a result of lack of self
orangtuamenerapkan parenting. There is a very indulgent control and difficulties in self-control. Parents who apply
parenting his child, give physical punishment if children parenting is sure that the warm relationship with little
break the rules, there are parents who behave obediently restraints will result in a child who is confident and
and firm, there are parents who acted against the creative. Hurlock (1976:107) States that parents who
kooperatf, and so on. On the basis of some journals, that apply the permissive indulgent parenting tend to give less
parenting is very important in children's lives. Child's control, freeing parents and being loose, as well as less
behavior depending on the parenting provided by her Guide.
parents. Indifferent parenting is parenting in prosecution
With the problems mentioned above, it needs to be (demandingness) as well as in the response
made of the research titled "the influence of Parenting (responsifness). The child of this parenting tend to be
Parents towards the child's Emotional social behavior". worse in self-reliance, worse in the control itself, and less
able to socialize with the environment. Batul & Mahapatra
II. THEORETICAL STUDY
(2016:14) in his research stating that children of
A. Parenting Style
indifferent parenting more selfish than kids from
Parents as the first educators for children have an
parenting. The children from the orangtuaindifferent have
important role, because the given parent education will be
a tendency to engage in deviant behavior.
the basis of the child's life and development in the future,
B. Social-Emotional Behavior
because the child's behavior in the future in the
Morrison (2012:254) stated that at the age of 5 to 6
environment is affected by the behavior of parents in
year old children are in a stage of the initiative versus guilt
educating his children. Santrock (2007:163) States that
in psychosocial theory according to Erikson. This stage
parenting is a way or parenting methods used by parents
lasts during the preschool when the children enter the
to educate his children become adults socially. Parents in
world wide social, they are faced with new challenges
the family was instrumental in laying out the basics of the
requiring them to develop an active behavior. The children
personality of the child, because the task of parenting that
are expected to be held responsible for the behavior, body,
is educate, guide and protect her children.

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animals, etc. But the guilt appears if deemed not III. METHODS
responsible and will feel very anxious. Waltz This research is the research of kuantitiaf with the kind
(Soetjiningsih,2012:213) said that children's social and of ex post facto research. The population in this research
emotional development in early childhood or preschool is children aged 5-6 years in district Cipicung District
age influenced by biological factors (temperament, genetic Brass with samples throughout the ages of 5-6 years.
influence), relationship (quality of attachment), and Sampling sampling techniques using saturated, where
environment (prenatal, family community, the quality of samples are taken from the entire population. Data
child care). collected through observational techniques social
Through social interaction with its environment emotional and behavioral kusioner parenting the parent.
children can manage his emotions with showed some As for the proof of validity include the validity of the
positive emotions. But if the environment does not give content which is evidenced through expert judgement and
comfort to the child, then the child will show the behavior reliability more than 0.70, meaning all the instruments
or emotions of anger, sadness, fear, shock, and so on. used in this study reliability. Data research results are
Emotional behavior influenced the social behavior of the analyzed with the help of the program SPSS 21.0 for
child, if his emotions is disturbed then the social behavior windows, using the regression test on the rate the
will appear. A good social interaction with others will significance of 0.05.
have an impact well against the behavior of his emotions.
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A child who has good and stable emotions will have the
A. Result
competent social behavior. The parent's role is
Results of the study are the result of data description or
indispensable in the development of children, especially in
picture is obtained to support the results of the research.
social behavior and emotion, so that children can interact
The data collected in this research is the result of parental
with friends, have the independence, kepercayaa similarity
involvement questionnaire and observation of social
is good, show the emotion that is natural, and take in the
emotional behavior against children aged 5-6 years. The
his behavior.
data for each score variables arranged according according
to guidelines IE 4 was the highest score and lowest score
is I. The following summary description of parental
engagement data.
TABLE I. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIABLE PARENTING

Based on the description of the variable in the indifferent on the table top, 1di here presented in summary
parenting authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and in table II.

TABEL II. AN OVERVIEW OF PARENTING PARENTS IN DISTRICK CIPICUNG

Based on table II above, shows an overview of with a percentage of 84.66%. Based on the description, it
parenting parents and have a comparison of all four can be inferred that authoritative parenting more applied
parenting. Seen from this parenting, parenting that are by parents in district Cipicung. Here researchers presented
included in the category of high i.e. authoritative graphic depiction of parenting parents in Cipicung Sub-
parenting. Authoritative parenting categories include high district on the Figure 1.
with as many as 127 respondents number of respondents

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Fig. 1. An Overview Of Parenting Parents

TABEL III. AN OVERVIEW SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL

Based on the above, table 3 shows an overview of the Cipicung no one goes into the low category. From the
social behavior of the child's emotional includes very high results of the analysis, it can be inferred that the social
i.e. category 1 child with a percentage amounting to 0.6%, behavior of children in district emosionalonal Cipicung
in the high category i.e. 136 children with pesentase of included in the category. Here researchers presented graph
90.6%, in medium category i.e. 13 with a percentage the image of social behavior in children's emotional
amounting to 8.6%, and in the low category i.e. 0% Cipicung.
meaning that social behavior in children's emotional

Fig.2. An Overview Social-Emotional

Next to see the influence of parenting parents towards using the regression test on the rate the significance of
the child's emotional social behavior used with calculation 0.05. Hypothesis test results can be seen in the following
hypothesis test analysis using SPSS 21.0 for windows, table.

TABEL IV. THE EFFECT OF PARENTING STYLE TOWARDS SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR THE CHILD

Based on table IV, shows the influence of the 29,998 + 0,532 which means growing the value of 1 point
hypothesis test results parenting parents towards the X, then the Y value is also growing of 0.532.
child's emotional social behavior t calculate 7.651 with B. Discussion
significance (p) for 0.000 smaller than 0.05 so Ho and Ha Based on the results of the research conducted through
rejected accepted. Based on the results of these a regression test is obtained that there is influence between
calculations proved that "there may influence between parenting against emotional social behavior of the child.
authoritative parenting social emotional behavior against The given parenting parents can have an effect on the
children". In addition to testing the hypothesis based on social behavior of emosionall ages of 5-6 years. Georgiou
the table above, the regression equation obtained in Y = (2007:60) in his research stating that the aspirations of
parents regarding children's educational achievement and

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parental communication in the activities at the school has understanding, showing self-awareness, social problem
a positive effect on a child's academic growth. Children solving, as well as relationship skills. Child's behavior is
with social and emotional behavior that positively have not good in the community can be diperngaruhi by a
the ease in learning and advanced training in the activity factor of itself and factors from outside himself (family).
in the school and in the home. Parents in district Cipicung Child's behavior at home or outside the home environment
apply different parenting, but parenting tend to be applied should get more attention from parents, since the child's
to children aged 5-6 years i.e. authoritative parenting. behavior in social emosionalonal need to be provided at
Parents with authoritative parenting in district Cipicung early stages so that the behavior of children in accordance
included into the category of high i.e. of 84.66% meaning with the wishes of its surroundings.
that parents of the 127 150 parents applying authoritative V. CONCLUSION
parenting. Based on the results of the research, it can be
Based on the results of the analysis of authoritative concluded that parenting is applied by parents in district
parenting research data against the social behavior of the Cipicung is authoritative parenting. Parents with
child emosionall the significance probability (p = 0.000 < authoritative parenting in district Cipicung included into
0.05). Thus authoritative influential parenting social the category of high i.e. of 84.66% meaning that parents
behavior significantly to emosionalonal children, meaning of the 127 150 parents applying authoritative parenting.
that authoritative parenting can predict social emotional As well as this research indicates that there is a significant
behavior of the child. The results of this research study influence of parenting parents social and emotional
conducted in accordance with the aunt, Chaudhry, clouds, behavior against children aged 5-6 years in district
and Tariq (2013:91) that the authoritative parents Cipicung with significance (p) for 0.000 smaller than 0.05
demanding logically, set within the limitations but they so Ho denied and Ha accepted. Based on the results of
are warm toward the child, the child's point of view and these calculations proved that "there may influence
receive push the pastisipasi children in decision making. between parenting parents towards the child's emotional
Good parenting will affect on social behavior of social behavior".
emosionalonal of everyday behavior, especially in
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