Examining the dimensions of neuroticism in the behavior of

Ghaznavid women based on Karen Horne's theory

Abstract

The scientific study of any historical period requires a correct understanding of the influential characters of that
period, Tarikh Beyhaqi is one of the historical books related to the Ghaznavid era, which includes the status of
various characters, including the character of women. The present study psychologically examines the behavioral
and intellectual actions of women in the Ghaznavid era, based on the statistical society that provides Bayhaghi
history, in an analytical-descriptive manner with the components of Karen Horne's neuroticism theory. Based on
this, women in the Ghaznavid era suffered from psychosis due to the lack of safety in the family and social
environment. Neurotic personalities include 1- the loving personality, 2- the reclusive personality and 3- the superior
personality of Jo is observed in the women of this period. After examining the dimensions of neuroticism in the
personality of the Ghaznavid women, it was determined that the interpersonal needs of the neurotic characters
include 1- Strong emotional dependence on others 2- The need to be under the supervision of a domineering
atmosphere 3- Limited life 4- Imagining superiority over others 5- Extreme need to be admired 6- Self-sufficiency
and seclusion existed in Ghaznavid women. Another important result of this research is that in the personality of
some of the women mentioned in the book of Beyhaghi's history, especially the women who witnessed the hanging
of their children, several components of neurosis can be observed at the same time, which indicates the intensity of
anxiety, internal conflict and fruitless efforts of women towards liberation. It is mental tension.

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Key words: women, Ghaznavids, neurosis, Karen Horne. Beyhaqi history

Extended Abstract
The Ghaznavids were the largest dynasty in eastern Iran between 583-344. After capturing the Samanid territory,
they established the foundation of the Ghaznavid government. Sultan Mahmud and his son Sultan Masoud of
Ghaznavi are considered the greatest kings of Ghaznavi. The Ghaznavids did not have a special racial and scientific
base, One of the most important historical books that narrates the events after the death of Mahmoud Ghaznavi
and the era of Sultan Masoud is the book of Beyhaqi History. The author of the book - Abulfazl Beyhaqi - narrates
the events of the Ghaznavid era with a narrative and objective prose, so that the audience can understand how the
historical events happened after the passing of centuries based on the text of the book. Beyhaqi, during the events
he narrates, sometimes mentions the presence of women. Although these references are scattered, they clarify
some aspects of the "behavior" of women in the Ghaznavid era. According to the definitions in behavioral
psychology, "it is the natural response that the organism gives based on external motivation." Based on a
psychological definition, the present study investigates the dimensions of neuroticism in the behavior of women in
the Ghaznavid era, and the implicit, transitory and descriptive references of Abulfazl Beyhaqi about women have
been omitted. Karen Horne is an analyst.
Neuroticism or anxious nature is one of the basic personality traits that is characterized by anxiety, fear, bad mood,
worry, jealousy, despair, zeal and loneliness. The reaction of people suffering from anxiety factors is weak, and the
probability that they interpret normal situations as threatening and small failures as extreme despair is high.
According to the definition of neurosis, anxiety is the most important factor in creating a mental disorder.
Hornay believed that a person adopts solutions to reduce anxiety; It is possible that his constant effort to ward off
anxiety is highlighted in his personality and becomes one of his psychological needs.
Horne has divided psychological needs into ten specific categories:
Affection: A person needs the attention and affection of others and feels insecure without receiving attention from
the environment.
A domineering supervisor: a parasitic person needs a partner to take responsibility for his life, such a person has a
strong fear of being alone.
Limited life: such a person's demands from life are very low, he values modesty and modesty more than anything,
and he prefers to live in anonymity.
Power: a person imagines that he can achieve anything with the power of will, the desire for power in these people
is so much that they are willing to hurt others for their own benefit.
Exploitation: the person always seeks to win in the fields and competitions, avoids failure and thinks he is superior
to those around him.
Social credibility: such a person is very sensitive to his social status and based on this, he judges himself and his
satisfaction with life.
Admiration: a person is always looking for others to praise him, such a person has an exaggerated image of himself
in his mind.
Ambition: Since a person suffers from insecurity, he is always trying to achieve more success and to get rid of the
anxiety caused by this insecurity.
Self-sufficiency: the person finds himself incapable of any kind of intimacy in the relationship and turns to isolation
and loneliness.
Perfectionism: A person considers himself free from any mistakes and is extremely afraid of being criticized.
The purpose of the current research is to psychologically analyze the behavior of women in a specific statistical
community of the Ghaznavid era, with dimensions of neurotic personality and related psychological needs,
according to Karen Horne's theory, in order to 1- Draw a documented picture of the mental state of women in the
Ghaznavid era. to be 2- To determine the extent and manner of women's neurosis during the Ghaznavid era. 3- To
answer the psychological reasons of some behavioral abnormalities of women during the Ghaznavid era, in a
methodical and scientific framework.
method :
The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical based on library sources. The statistical population
includes the women of the Ghaznavid era mentioned in Beyhaqi history, first the related actions were extracted
and classified and then analyzed based on psychological sources.

Result
Women in the Ghaznavid era, according to the statistical community studied in Beyhaqi history, although they have
different roles in the family and social environment, but since they lived in a single geographical and political
situation, they have certain behavioral commonalities that can be relied on. He achieved a single behavioral model
of Ghaznavid women. Based on the psychological investigation of the behavior of Ghaznavid women according to
Karen Horne's theory of neurosis, it was found that the women of this period suffered from anxiety disorder in such
a way that anxiety disorder can be understood and received in the type of behavior and speech of women.
According to the investigation of the present research, the behavior of women in the Ghaznavid period when facing
the people, observes the presence of all three types of neurotic personality: love-seeking, seclusion-seeking, and
superior atmosphere, and women's behavior revolves around moving towards the people (dominant) and moving
against the people ( Aggressive) and moving away from people (cornering) has been formed. Also, in some cases, a
combination of the aforementioned tendencies is observed in women's behavior, which indicates the severity of
anxiety disorder and emotional instability in women of this period. The behavior of Ghaznavid women based on
various environmental actions includes the interpersonal needs of the neurotic personality. This category of needs in
the women of this period includes: 1- affection and approval, 2- guardianship, atmosphere, 3- power, 4- exploitation,
5- self-sufficiency, 6- limited life. Some behavioral abnormalities in women of this period were investigated based
on neurotic needs and it was found that the presence of environmental anxiety is the source of neuroticism and has
caused the emergence of pathological behaviors
The lack of security of women, including personal, emotional, family and social security, is evident in all
situations investigated in the Ghaznavid period. An issue that has a direct impact on the way women's
behavior is formed and has resulted in the nervous and tense behavior of women in this period