Unit 8.

THE WORLD OF WORK

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW
A. VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY MEANINGS
1. academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/(a):
2. administrator /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə(r)/ (n):
3. align /əˈlaɪn/ (v):
4. applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ (n):
5. apply /əˈplaɪ/ (v):
6. apprentice /əˈprentɪs/ (n):
7. approachable /əˈprəʊtʃəbl/ (a):
8. articulate /ɑːˈtɪkjuleɪt/ (a):
9. barista /bəˈriːstə/ (n):
10. candidate /ˈkændɪdət/ (n):
11. cluttered /ˈklʌtəd/ (a):
12. compassionate /kəmˈpæʃənət/ (a):
13. colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ (n):
14. covering letter /ˌkʌvərɪŋ ˈletə(r)/:
15. dealership /ˈdiːləʃɪp/ (n):
16. demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ (v):
17. entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)/ (n):
18. potential/pəˈtenʃl/ (a):
19. prioritise /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ (v):
20. probation /prəˈbeɪʃn/ (n):
21. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n):
22. recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ (v):
23. relevant /ˈreləvənt/ (a):
24. shortlist /ˈʃɔːtlɪst/ (v):
25. specialise /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/ (v):
26. tailor /ˈteɪlə(r)/ (v):
27. trailer /ˈtreɪlə(r)/ (n):
28. tuition /tjuˈɪʃn/ (n):
29. unique /juˈniːk/ (a):
30. well-spoken /ˌwel ˈspəʊkən/ (a):

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
I. BASIC REPORTED SPEECH.
1. Statement: Câu kể
Form: S + said told sb + that + Mệnh đề lùi thì
Ex: "I will come back tomorrow" Marry said.
→ Marry said she would come back the next day.
Note: said →said that
said to sb → told sb that
2. Command: Câu yêu cầu, đề nghị
Form: S + asked/told + sb + (not) + to V
Ex: "Don't talk in class" The teacher said to us.
→ The teacher told us not to talk in class.
3. Yes/No Questions.
Form: S + asked + (sb) + if/whether + Mệnh đề lùi thì
Ex: "Can you speak English, Diep?" I asked.
→ I asked Diep if she could speak English.
4. Wh-Question.
Form: S + asked + (sb) + Wh + Mệnh đề lùi thì
Ex: "Where are you from?" He asked me.
→ He asked me where I were from.
5. Không lùi thì:
Form: S + V(hiện tại) + (sb) + Mệnh đề không lùi thì
Ex: "I'm very exhausted now" she says.
→ She says she is very exhausted now.
* BẢNG LÙI THÌ
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Simple present Simple past
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Simple past Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Future (will/shall) Future in the past (would/ should)
Near future (be going to V) Was/were going to V
Can Could
May Might
Must Had to
Needn't Didn't have to
* BẢNG LÙI TRẠNG NGỮ
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
this that
these those
here there
now then
ago before (earlier)
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next day
the following day
the day after
yesterday the previous day
the day before
next + N the following + N
the N + after
last + N the previous + N
the N + before
 PART 2: PRACTICE
A. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. bank B. travel C. delay D. magnificent
2. A. certificate B. demonstrate C. compassionate D. attendant
3. A. lag B. safari C. package D. stalagmite
4. A. align B. recognise C. unique D. specialise
5. A. approachable B. charity C. chef D. chopsticks
II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.
1. A. safari B. sightseeing C. mountain D. breathtaking
2. A. covering B. applicant C. encourage D. dealership
3. A. discover B. addition C. fantastic D. habitat
4. A. afford B. traveller C. wildlife D. passport
5. A. resort B. expedition C. environment D. affordable
6. A. shortlist B. unique C. colleague D. cluttered
7. A. magnificence B. geography C. satisfaction D. accommodate
8. A. original B. geography C. imperial D. stimulating
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
II. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word from the box.
competed requirements application employees experience
tendency interviewer advance emotion qualified
1. ____________________ who worked hard and were loyal got good pay and job security in return.
2. Soft skills may be essential to jobs that require ____________________.
3. In the past, employees ____________________ for jobs only with local job seekers.
4. Most companies have clear _____________________ for every position.
5. Interviews can choose the best candidate based on the ____________________ form.
6. The employers partly rely on their ____________________ in employing people.
7. The most _____________________ or experienced applicant will be chosen first.
8. Companies have a ____________________ to overstate the requirements for the position.
9. All applicants can take part in the interview so that the ____________________ can choose the best.
10. From the employment ad, applicants can know all the requirements from the company so that they can
prepare the answers in ____________________.

III. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition.

1. Employers will have a ________________ review of your resume and covering letter before deciding if you
are a good enough choice for a job.
2. The explosion of data in social networks, and recruiting networks has created a new world of employee data
__________________ the enterprise.
3. As a flight attendant you should be intellectual because you may serve or have conversations __________
presidents, superstars, or successful entrepreneurs.
4. List the highest priority phrases at the beginning __________________ your qualification descriptions to get
the most attention.
5. Soft skills have the greatest impact __________________ an employer's perception of a potential employee.
6. Your CV lets you demonstrate your particular training and education or particular qualities that would be
beneficial ___________________ your future job.
7. You should review your academic history __________________ determine how you can show evidence of
your qualifications.
8. It's also important to focus __________________ your most relevant skills and strengths when interviewing.
9. Some positions will require applicants __________________ have a certain level of education.
10. Your job requires occasional meetings with colleagues to have a certain level _______________ education.
IV. Give the correct form of the words to complete the following sentences.
1. Flight _________________________ need good vision and hearing. ATTEND
2. First things first, you must love ______________________ and flying. AVIATE
3. Now layoffs are more common, so part-time ______________________ are more common. POSITION
4. More ______________________ can live away from their work. WORK
5. ______________________ did not trust those who change jobs every few years. EMPLOY
6. Sympathy is a (an) ______________________ here - we need practical help. RELEVANT
7. The singer worked hard on the clear ______________________ of every note. ARTICULATE
8. The traditional style of work is working from nine-to-five, and ______________________ with only one
company. ALIGN
9. When you decide to apply for a job, you should start work on your resume and _______________________
letter. COVER
10. The tips for how to ______________________ your resume for jobs will help you make a perfect match.
TAILORING
V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
sentences.
1. The number of people on unemployment benefits has dropped over the last two months.
A. having benefits of being unemployed
B. receiving unemployment compensation
C. making use of being unemployed
D. sending money to the government to support the unemployed
2. My mother has put money aside for her old age since she started to work in the factory.
A. laid aside B. taken aside C. spent all D. lent me all
3. Our new boss is trying to ensure the well-being of his employees.
A. earnings
B. compensation (money paid by the government to those who are unemployed)
C. savings
D. welfare (general heath, happiness and safety)
4. In view of the global financial crisis, Tom and his brother has been laid off, so they are on the dole.
A. selling goods on pavements B. receiving a lot of attention
C. living on their parents' support D. living on unemployment benefits
5. Two employees have been sacked and 120 others face dismissal for joining earlier protests.
A. recruitment B. redundancy C. employment D. application
6. Frank, 41, applied for the post when the parish council advertised two vacancies.
A. occupied positions B. job opportunities
C. unavailable positions D. accommodated room
7. Members tried their hands at the techniques to gain hands-on experience.
A. relevant B. prior C. practical D. considerable
8. Sara brought in a lot of business last month; she would ask for a pay rise while she's still on a roll.
A. unsuccessful B. on the up and up C. inefficient D. unqualified
9. The Wilsons have found it terribly hard to make ends meet ever since they both lost their jobs.
 A. barely have enough to live on B. give up gatherings
C. able to manage D. buying and selling goods
10. There were some very strong candidates for the job but none of them met my expectations.
A. surpassed B. overcame C. fulfilled D. underestimated
11. She got the job in the teeth of considerable competition.
A. regardless of B. as regards C. in respect to D. owing to
12. She clearly joined the firm with a view to improving herself professionally.
A. with no regard to B. irrespective of C. in spite of D. with the intention of
13. She has two degrees but she has only found a part-time, temporary job.
A. permanent B. long-run C. stable D. short-term
VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. My partner was made redundant last November and hasn't secured further employment as yet.
A. fired B. sacked C. laid off D. appointed
2. With unemployment at a record level, retraining programmes would pay off in the long run.
A. lastingly B. temporarily C. stably D. durably
3. Sheila had butterflies in her stomach before the interview.
A. seemed to be easy in her mind B. in a tizzy
C. on pins and needles D. under pressure
4. They sacked the head of marketing because he was extremely inefficient.
A. competent B. unqualified C. disorganized D. unskilled
5. I find myself at odds with most of my colleagues on what is the best way forward.
A. in conflict with B. in disagreement with C. on the outs with D. on good terms with
6. Most people would grab at the chance of working for that company.
A. jump at B. seize C. neglect D. take
7. I believe Mr. Brown is the most suitable candidate for the job as he has all the necessary qualifications.
A. acceptable B. inappropriate C. tailor-made D. proper
8. The daughter of a blue-collar factory worker, Anne grew up on a council estate in Bracknell.
A. physical B. manual C. laboring D. mental
9. Previously financial matters were dealt with by qualified accountants, financial advisers.
A. professional B. experienced C. incompetent D. skilled
10. This scholarship is being established in her name as a permanent reminder of her work.
A. long-run B. ever-lasting C. stable D. temporary
VII. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.
1. The mother told her son ____ so impolitely.
A. not behaving B. not to behave C. did not behave D. not behave
2. She said she ____ collect it for me after work.
A. would B. did C. will D. had
3. He asked me where I ____.
A. have studied B. study C. am studying D. studied
4. Almost half of the ____ are perfectly suitable for the vacancy.
A. employees B. competitors C. candidates D. applications
5. Networking tools like LinkedIn, Facebook, and Glassdoor enable people to easily ____ the market for new
job opportunities.
A. test B. monitor C. find D. consider
6. The man wanted to avoid ____ on security cameras.
 A. to see B. being seen C. seeing D. to be seen
7. Peter said that he had lived in London four years ____.
A. then B. ago C. before D. later
8. John asked me ____ in English.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
9. There has been an increase in job ____, which is when two people agree to divide a full-time job into part-
time jobs.
A. dividing B. separating C. cutting D. sharing
10. You should ____ your resume and covering letter so they are as close a match as possible to the job.
A. alter B. change C. direct D. tailor
11. The host asked her ____ tea or coffee.
A. whether she liked B. that she liked C. if she likes D. whether she like
12. My friend asked me who ____ the piano in the sitting room.
A. was playing B. plays C. is playing D. has played
13. The teacher told his students ____ laughing.
A. would stop B. to stop C. stop D. stopped
14. Mary asked me ____.
A. whether I would watch the football match on TV the day before.
B. whether I watched the football match on TV the day before.
C. If I had watch the football match on TV the day before.
D. whether I had watched the football match on TV the day before.
15. He asked ____ him some money.
A. her to lend B. her lending C. she has lent D. she lends
16. Jennifer asked me where ____ the week before.
A. had I gone B. did I go C. I had gone D. was I going
17. Tom asked me ____.
A. if was I having a good time last year
B. whether I had had a good time the year before
C. if would I have a good time the year before
D. whether I have had a good time the year before
18. Do you know where ____?
A. he lives B. did he live C. does he live D. he live
19. ____ receive an average of 60 applicants for every advertisement for a low- skilled job, and 20 for every
skilled job.
A. Employment B. Employees C. Employers D. The employed
20. Most job interviews today ____ more than just a casual conversation with the hiring manager to see if
someone is qualified for the job.
A. indicate B. include C. contain D. involve
C. READING
I. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box.
qualifications employment sense relevant reference
detail convincing potential evidence include
PRESENTING YOUR QUALIFICATIONS
Take a close look at the ideal candidate required from the job advertisement. Ask yourself this question,
"What (1) ________________ is this (2) ________________ employer looking for?"
 There are some qualifications, like a university degree, for example, that are regarded as relevant
information in most circumstances. Then there are other qualifications, such as a first-aid course, may be seen as
useful and even (3) ________________ for some jobs, but would look odd being listed for others as it is not
relevant to the position.
Your number of years you have been working will also help you decide what to (4) ________________
and what to leave out. Individuals who are still in their first five years of work should note that their educational
background is very important and should be listed in reasonable (5) ________________. For this with more
than five years of (6) ________________ employment experience, you should be a bit more selective about
what you use. The reason is because some qualifications become outdated quickly. For example, would it make
(7) ________________ to claim to be a computer expert on the basis of a computing degree obtained 15 years
ago? You will not look very (8) ________________. In this instance, the (9) ________________ you provide
about recent work in the field will count for a lot more
Be clear, concise and always use the job ad as (10) ________________ to make sure your information is
relevant.
II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank spare in the following passage.
Most people need some preparation before they are (1) ____ for the workforce, and planning should
begin long before it is time to start a career.
Many high school students don't yet know what they want to do. High school is a great time to start
thinking about careers. Setting on just one (2) ____ in high school isn't necessary, but they should know how to
explore careers and put time into investigating them and learning about their skills and interests.
Understanding what you enjoy and what you are good at is the first step in (3) ____ careers. It is
important to think about what you like to do because work will eventually be a big part of the life. Once you
have thought about the subjects and activities you like best, the next step is to look for careers that put those
interests to use. If you love sports, for example, you might (4) ____ a career as a gym teacher, or a coach.
Another approach to identifying potential career interests is to consider local employers and the types of
jobs they have. There are many jobs in manufacturing and healthcare near the high school. Talking directly to
workers can help you get (5) ____ about what they do. If you don't know workers in occupations (6) ____
interest you, ask people such as parents, friends, or teachers for their (7) ____.
If job (8) ____ gives you a taste of what an occupation is like, imagine how helpful getting experience
could be. Students can begin getting career-related experiences in high school through internships, employment,
and other activities. Completing an internship is an excellent (9) ____ get experience. Internships are temporary,
supervised (10) ____ designed to give students practical job training.
1. A. near B. ready C. secretive D. similar
2. A. present B. pastime C. employment D. occupation
3. A. explore B. explored C. exploring D. explores
4. A. consider B. contain C. exclude D. prevent
5. A fact B. information C. detail D. piece
6. A. that B. how C. why D. when
7. A. ability B. practice C. contacts D. judgement
8. A. writing B. shadowing C. believing D. persuading
9. A. notice about B. access to C. count for D. way to
10. A. reference B. assignments C. evidence D. stock
III. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the
questions.
1. Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree or diploma course could
find a good career quite easily. Companies toured the academic institutions, competing with each other to
recruit graduates. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong
competition in the search for jobs.
2. Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable
career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to prospective
employers.
3. Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of
their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also
consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as
money, security, leadership and caring for others. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such
as creative or scientific skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful thought.
4. The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general
employment situation is likely to develop in the future. To do this, graduates can study job vacancies and
information in newspapers or they can visit a careers office, write to possible employers for information or
contact friends or relatives who may already be involved in a particular profession. After studying all the
various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers.
5. Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters
should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors. Where additional
information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with
examples if possible. They should try to balance their own abilities with the employer's needs, explain why they
are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about
the company and its activities.
6. When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can
about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously
important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions
about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving
an unsuitable answer.
7. There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination, the secret to
securing a good job is to be one of them.
1. In the paragraph 2, "them" refers to ____.
A. abilities. B. three stages C. careers organizations. D. available vacancies
2. According to paragraph 4, graduates should ____.
A. ask friends or relatives to secure them a good job.
B. find out as much as possible and inform employers of the comparisons they want.
C. get information about a number of careers before making comparisons.
D. find a good position and then compare it with other careers.
3. In paragraph 5, "in more depth" could best be replaced by ____.
A. more honestly B. more carefully C. using more word D. in greater detail
4. The word "prospective" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. future B. generous C. reasonable D. ambitious
5. In paragraph 6, the writer seems to suggest that ____.
A. it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand.
B. interviewees should ask a question if they can't think of an answer.
C. it is not a good idea for interviewees to be completely honest in their answers.
D. pretending to understand a question is better than giving an unsuitable answer.
6. Which of the following sentences is closest in meaning to the paragraph 7?
A. Determined, skilled and able people can easily find a good career.
 B. Graduates should develop at least one of these areas to find a suitable career.
C. People with the right qualities should always be able to find a good career.
D. The secret of a successful interview is that interviewers have to possess skills, determination or
ability.
7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Businesses used to visit the universities in Hong Kong to recruit graduates.
B. Until recently it was quite easy for graduates to get good jobs in Hong Kong.
C. Job seekers should consider as many as possible of the factors involved.
D. Graduates sometimes have to take part in competitions to secure a good career.
8. In paragraph 1, “those days are gone, even in Hong Kong", suggests that ____.
A. in the past, finding a good career was easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere.
B. it used to be harder to find a good job in Hong Kong than in other countries.
C. nowadays, everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good career.
D. even in Hong Kong companies tour the universities trying to recruit graduates.
IV. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the
questions.
Telecommuting is some form of computer communication between employees' homes and offices. For
employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor entering data or typing reports, the location
of the computer is of no consequence. If the machine can communicate over telephone lines, when the work is
completed, employees can dial the office computer and transmit the material to their employers. A recent survey
in USA Today estimates that there are approximately 8.7 million telecommuters. But although the numbers are
rising annually, the trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week published "The
Portable Executive" as its cover story a few years ago. Why hasn't telecommuting become more popular?
Clearly, change simply takes time. But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part of many
managers. These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered across the
country would be too difficult, or at least systems for managing them are not yet developed, thereby
complicating the manager's responsibilities.
It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to accept the
opportunity. Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and many are concerned that they
will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting. Some
people feel that even when a space in their homes is set aside as a work area, they never really get away from
the office.
1. With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?
A. An overview of telecommuting B. The failure of telecommuting
C. The advantages of telecommuting D. A definition of telecommuting
2. How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?
A. More than predicted in Business Week B. More than 8 million
C. Fewer than last year D. Fewer than estimated in USA Today
3. The phase “of no consequence” means ____.
A. of no use B. irrelevant C. of no good D. unimportant
4. The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting EXCEPT ____.
A. the opportunities for advancement B. the different system of supervision
C. the lack of interaction with a group D. the work place is in the home
5. The word “them” in the second paragraph relent to ____.
A. telecommuter B. systems C. executives D. responsibilities
6. The reason why telecommuting has not become popular is that the employees ____.
 A. need regular interaction with their families.
B. are worried about the promotion if they are not seen at the office.
C. feel that a work area in their home is away from the office.
D. are ignorant of telecommuting.
7. The word “reluctant” in paragrap 3 can best be replaced by ____.
A. opposite B. willing C. hesitant D. typical
D. WRITING
I. Rewrite the following sentences.
1. He said “They went away yesterday.”
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. “I have lived here for ten years” said Tom.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The manager said to his assistant “I’m going to Paris next week.”
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. My friend said “I haven't done my homework.”
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. "It won't rain this evening." said my mother.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Mr. Clack said, “Why are you so sad, Join?”
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. “Is it time to go?” she wondered.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. They said to me “Do you sleep in the afternoon?”
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. "Why didn't you come here last Sunday?" asked Mary.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10. The traveler said "How long does it take to get to Hanoi by plane?"
__________________________________________________________________________________________
II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. "Stay here and wait until I come back." said her mother.
Her mother told ______________________________________________________________________
2. Lan was both a brilliant student and a real beauty in my class.
Lan was not only _____________________________________________________________________
3. You won't find a girl better for you than her anywhere in the world.
Nowhere ____________________________________________________________________________
4. Jenny shouldn't have gone to the gym leaving her small child alone at home like that.
It was ______________________________________________________________________________
5. "My sister's always singing out of tune." said Minne to her bestie.
Minne complained ____________________________________________________________________
6. There isn't a grain of salt left, we can't cook her favourite dish.
We're completely out __________________________________________________________________
7. The tuition fee is the thing I'm worried about most of all.
There _______________________________________________________________________________
8. Thanks to her organizing skills, we could pull off the opening event.
Had ________________________________________________________________________________
III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. "Don't forget to buy some bread on the way home, sister." said Lan.
Lan reminded ________________________________________________________________________
2. "Do you fancy going for a walk around Hoan Kiem Lake tonight?" Jenny asked.
Jenny suggested ______________________________________________________________________
3. Due to the warm and pleasant weather, we could go picnic at the local park.
As _________________________________________________________________________________
4. You need to have your little room decorated, it's too boring.
Your little room needs _________________________________________________________________
5. You must either hand in your test paper right now or get zero for your cheating.
If __________________________________________________________________________________
6. When I was young, I would follow my father into the woods to collect straws for the little cows.
I used ______________________________________________________________________________
7. You must give up smoking now before it's too late.
You had ____________________________________________________________________________
8. In spite of her handicap, she could draw many beautiful portraits.
Although ____________________________________________________________________________