‫‪14/11/1435‬‬

‫‪To understand the Qur’an we must know‬‬

‫?‪¾ 1‐Byy Whom it was sent‬‬
‫?‪¾ 2‐To whom it was sent‬‬
‫?‪¾ 3‐How it was Sent‬‬
‫?‪¾ 4‐ For whom it is sent‬‬
‫‪¾ 5‐How‬‬
‫‪H it‬‬‫‪i was P‬‬
‫‪Preserved‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫?‪¾ 6‐What is its Message‬‬
‫?‪¾ 7‐What are its Objectives‬‬
‫‪Dr. A. R. Baluch‬‬

‫‪The Qur’an‬‬
‫ﻦ }‪{2/2‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ُهﺪًى ﱢﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ﱠﺘﻘِﻴ َ‬
‫ب َﻻ َر ْﻳ َ‬
‫ﻚ ا ْﻟ ِﻜﺘَﺎ ُ‬
‫‰ َذِﻟ َ‬
‫ﻎ}‪{6/19‬‬
‫ن ﻷُﻧ ِﺬ َرآُﻢ ِﺑ ِﻪ َوﻣَﻦ َﺑ َﻠ َ‬
‫ﻲ َهﺬَا ا ْﻟ ُﻘﺮْﺁ ُ‬
‫ﻲ ِإ َﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﺣَ‬
‫‰ َوأُو ِ‬
‫ﻻ َیﺰِی ُﺪ‬ ‫ِِﻴﻦ َو َ‬
‫ﺣ َﻤ ٌﺔ ﻟﱢ ْﻠﻤُ ْﺆﻣِﻨِﻴﻦَ‬ ‫ور ْ‬
‫ن ﻡَﺎ هُ َﻮ ﺷِﻔَﺎء وَرَ‬ ‫ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻘﺮْﺁ ِ‬
‫ﺰل ﻡِﻦَ‬ ‫ل‬
‫‰ َو ُﻧ َﻨﺰﱢ ُ‬
‫ﺧﺴَﺎرًا }‪{17/82‬‬ ‫ﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻦ َإ ﱠ‬‫اﻟﻈﱠﺎِﻟﻤِﻴ َ‬
‫ن }‪{15/9‬‬ ‫ﻦ َﻧ ﱠﺰ ْﻟﻨَﺎ اﻟ ﱢﺬ ْآ َﺮ َوِإﻧﱠﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻟﺤَﺎ ِﻓﻈُﻮ َ‬ ‫ﺤُ‬ ‫‰ ِإﻧﱠﺎ َﻧ ْ‬
‫ﻦ }‪ِ {44/2‬إﻧﱠﺎ أَﻧ َﺰ ْﻟﻨَﺎ ُﻩ ﻓِﻲ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ٍﺔ ﱡﻣﺒَﺎ َر َآ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ب ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺒِﻴ ِ‬
‫‰ ﺣﻢ }‪ {44/1‬وَا ْﻟ ِﻜﺘَﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺣﻜِﻴ ٍﻢ }‪{44/4‬‬ ‫ق ُآﻞﱡ َأ ْﻡ ٍﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻦ }‪ {44/3‬ﻓِﻴﻬَﺎ ُی ْﻔ َﺮ ُ‬ ‫ِإﻧﱠﺎ ُآﻨﱠﺎ ﻡُﻨ ِﺬرِی َ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪ ِر }‪{97/1‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠَﺔﺔِ اﻟْﻘَﺪْ‬
‫أﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎﻩ ﻓِﻲ ﻟَ ْﻠ‬
‫‰ إﻧِﻧﺎﱠﺎ أَﻧﺰَﻟْﻨَﺎ ُ‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫ح ا ْﻟ َﺄﻣِﻴ ُ‬
‫ﻦ }‪َ {26/192‬ﻧ َﺰ َل ِﺑ ِﻪ اﻟﺮﱡو ُ‬ ‫ب ا ْﻟﻌَﺎَﻟﻤِﻴ َ‬ ‫ﻞ َر ﱢ‬ ‫‰ َوِإ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟﺘَﻨﺰِی ُ‬
‫ن‬
‫ﻦ }‪ِ {26/194‬ﺑ ِﻠﺴَﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ﻦ ا ْﻟﻤُﻨ ِﺬرِی َ‬ ‫ن ِﻡ َ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﻟ َﺘﻜُﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ َﻗ ْﻠ ِﺒ َ‬ ‫}‪َ {26/193‬‬
‫ﻦ }‪{26/196‬‬ ‫ﻦ }‪َ {26/195‬وِإ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟﻔِﻲ ُز ُﺑ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺄ ﱠوﻟِﻴ َ‬ ‫ﻲ ﱡﻣﺒِﻴ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋ َﺮ ِﺑ ﱟ‬
‫َ‬

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14/11/1435

Some Basic Fact About the Qur’an

y Qur’an: (55 Beautiful Names; 114 Surahs; ) has been
revealed in two phases:
y First phase of ‫أﻧ َﺰ ْﻟﻨَﺎ‬: From Lowh‐e‐Mahfuz to Bait al‐
Ma’mur (Complete revelation of the Qur'an in Lailat‐ul‐
Qadr (Lailat‐e‐Mubarakah))
y Second phase of ‫ َﻧ ﱠﺰ ْﻟﻨَﺎ‬: From Bait al‐Ma’mur to the
Prophet Muhammad in piecemeal, (Duration of it 22
years,2 Months, 22 days)
y Before migration (Makkan Period):12 years, 5 Months, 13
days = 86 Surahs: (Main focus on Faith & Ethics)
y After migration (Madani Period): 9 years, 9 months.9
days = 28 Surahs: (Main focus on Laws & Ahle Kitab)

‫ﺤ ﱡﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﻴﱡﻮ ُﻡ ﹶﻻ َﺗ ﹾﺄﺧُﺬﹸﻩُ ِﺳَﻨ ﹲﺔ َﻭ ﹶﻻ َﻧ ْﻮ ٌﻡ ﱠﻟ ُﻪ‬

َ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﹼ ُﻪ ﹶﻻ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ َﻪ ﹺﺇﻻﱠ ﻫُ َﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ‬
ُ‫ﺸ ﹶﻔﻊ‬
ْ ‫ﺽ ﻣَﻦ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻱ َﻳ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻭﻣَﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍ َﻷ ْﺭ ﹺ‬ ِ ‫ﺴﻤَﺎﻭَﺍ‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ِﻋْﻨ َﺪﻩُ ﹺﺇﻻﱠ ﹺﺑﹺﺈ ﹾﺫﹺﻧ ِﻪ َﻳ ْﻌﹶﻠﻢُ ﻣَﺎ َﺑْﻴ َﻦ ﹶﺃْﻳﺪِﻳ ﹺﻬ ْﻢ َﻭﻣَﺎ َﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﻭ ﹶﻻ‬
ُ‫ﹺﻻ ﹺﺑﻤَﺎ ﺷَﺎﺀ َﻭ ِﺳ َﻊ ﹸﻛﺮْ ِﺳﻴﱡﱡُﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﻲْﺀٍ ﻣﱢﻦْ ﻋ ﹾِﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ ﺇ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ِﻴﻄﻮﻥ ﹺﺑ‬
‫ﻳُﺤ ﹸ ﹶ‬
‫ﺽ َﻭ ﹶﻻ َﻳﺆُﻭ ُﺩ ُﻩ ِﺣ ﹾﻔ ﹸﻈ ُﻬﻤَﺎ َﻭﻫُ َﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ َﻌِﻠ ﱡﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺕ ﻭَﺍ َﻷ ْﺭ‬ ِ ‫ﺴﻤَﺎﻭَﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﱠ‬
{2/255} ‫ﺍﹾﻟ َﻌﻈِﻴ ُﻢ‬

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‫‪Linguistic Miracle of Atatul‐Kursi‬‬

‫‪2‐To Whom it was Sent‬‬

‫‪The Prophets and their Status‬‬
‫‪y They convey the Messages from God to the people without any change‬‬
‫‪or alteration by them.‬‬
‫ِن‬
‫ن‬
‫سإﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﱠﺎسِ‬
‫ِﻦ اﻟﻨ‬
‫ِﻤﻚ ﻣﻦَ‬ ‫ﺼﻤُﻚَ‬‫ﻳﻌْﺼ‬‫واﻟﻠﻪ ﻳَﻌ‬
‫ِﺱﺎﻟﺘﻪ وَاﻟﻠّﻪُ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ رﺱَﺎﻟَﺘَﻪُ‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑَﱠﻠﻐْﺖَ‬ ‫ﺕﻔﻌﻞ ﻓَﻤَﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﺕَﻔْﻌَﻞْ‬ ‫رﺑﻚ وإَإن‬
‫ِن ﱠﻟﻢْ‬ ‫ِﻦ ﱠر ﱢﺑﻚَ‬‫ِﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِل إﻟَﻴْﻚَ‬
‫ﻣﺎ أأﻧُﻧﺰﺰلَ‬‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣَﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺱﻮل ﺑَﱢﻠﻎْ‬
‫أﻳﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺱُﻮلُ‬ ‫‪ y‬ﻳَﺎﻳﺎ أَ ﱡﻳﻬَﺎ‬
‫ﻦ }‪{5/67‬‬ ‫اﻟّﻠ َﻪ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻬﺪِي ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َم ا ْﻟﻜَﺎ ِﻓﺮِﻳ َ‬
‫ﻦ َﻗﻠِﻴﻠًﺎ‬ ‫ن }‪َ {69/41‬وﻟَﺎ ِﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل آَﺎ ِه ٍ‬ ‫ﻋ ٍﺮ َﻗﻠِﻴﻠًﺎ ﻣَﺎ ُﺕ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨُﻮ َ‬ ‫‪ِ y‬إﻧﱠ ُﻪ َﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُل َرﺱُﻮ ٍل َآﺮِﻳ ٍﻢ }‪َ {69/40‬وﻣَﺎ ُه َﻮ ِﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل ﺷَﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ا ْﻟ َﺄﻗَﺎوِﻳ ِﻞ }‪{69/44‬‬ ‫ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻨَﺎ َﺑ ْﻌ َ‬ ‫ﻦ }‪َ {69/43‬و َﻟ ْﻮ َﺕ َﻘ ﱠﻮ َل َ‬ ‫ب ا ْﻟﻌَﺎ َﻟﻤِﻴ َ‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ َﺕ َﺬ ﱠآﺮُو َن }‪ {69/42‬ﺕَﻨﺰِﻳ ٌﻞ ﻣﱢﻦ ﱠر ﱢ‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺰِﻳ َ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺣَﺎ ِ‬‫ﺣ ٍﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻦ َأ َ‬‫ﻦ }‪َ {69/46‬ﻓﻤَﺎ ﻣِﻨﻜُﻢ ﱢﻣ ْ‬ ‫ﻄ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻮﺕِﻴ َ‬ ‫ﻦ }‪ُ {69/45‬ﺛﻢﱠ َﻟ َﻘ َ‬ ‫ﺧ ْﺬﻧَﺎ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻴﻤِﻴ ِ‬ ‫َﻟ َﺄ َ‬
‫ﻦ }‪{69/48‬‬ ‫}‪َ {69/47‬وِإ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟ َﺘ ْﺬ ِآ َﺮ ٌة ﱢﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ﱠﺘﻘِﻴ َ‬
‫‪y They are Executioners of the commandments of Allah even if it may be‬‬
‫‪against them or their dear ones and relatives.‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻀﻴْ َ‬‫ﺮﺟًﺎ ﻣﱢﻤﱠﺎ َﻗ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺮَﺟ‬ ‫ِﻢ َ‬ ‫ﺠﺪُوو ْا ﻓِﻲ أَﻧ ُﻔﺴِ ِﻬ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﻬﻢ ﺛُ ﱠﻢ َﻻ َﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺮ ﺑَﺑﻴﻴْ َﻨﻬُﻢْ‬ ‫ﺷﺠَ َﺮ‬‫ك ﻓِﻴﻤَﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﱢﻤُﻮﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻰ ﻳُ َ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﱠ َ‬
‫ﻮنَ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣِﻨُﻮن‬ ‫ﻚ َﻻ ﻳُﺆْ‬ ‫ورﺑﱢﺑ َ‬
‫ﻼ وَرَ‬ ‫‪َ y‬ﻓ َ‬
‫ﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ }‪{4/65‬‬ ‫ﺴﱢﻠﻤُﻮ ْا َﺕ ْ‬ ‫َو ُﻳ َ‬
‫ﺣﻜُﻢ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻨﻬُﻢ ِﺑﻤَﺎ أَﻧ َﺰ َل اﻟّﻠ ُﻪ‬ ‫ب َو ُﻣ َﻬ ْﻴ ِﻤﻨًﺎ َﻋَﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﻓَﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻜﺘَﺎ ِ‬‫ﻦ َﻳ َﺪ ْﻳ ِﻪ ِﻣ َ‬‫ﺼ ﱢﺪﻗًﺎ ﱢﻟﻤَﺎ َﺑ ْﻴ َ‬ ‫ﻖ ُﻣ َ‬ ‫ﺤﱢ‬ ‫ب ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َ‬ ‫ﻚ ا ْﻟ ِﻜﺘَﺎ َ‬ ‫‪َ y‬وأَﻧ َﺰ ْﻟﻨَﺎ ِإ َﻟ ْﻴ َ‬
‫ﻋ ًﺔ َو ِﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎﺟًﺎ ‪{5/48}…….‬‬ ‫ﺷ ْﺮ َ‬
‫ﺟ َﻌ ْﻠﻨَﺎ ﻣِﻨ ُﻜ ْﻢ ِ‬ ‫ﻖ ِﻟ ُﻜﻞﱟ َ‬‫ﺤﱢ‬ ‫ﻦ ا ْﻟ َ‬‫ك ِﻣ َ‬‫ﻋﻤﱠﺎ ﺟَﺎء َ‬ ‫َو َﻻ َﺕ ﱠﺘ ِﺒ ْﻊ َأ ْهﻮَاء ُه ْﻢ َ‬
‫‪y They are Role Models for the people to whom they are sent so that‬‬
‫‪people should obey the commandments of Allah in a proper manner.‬‬
‫ﺧ َﺮ َو َذ َآ َﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ َآﺜِﻴﺮًا }‪{33/21‬‬ ‫ن َﻳ ْﺮﺟُﻮ اﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ وَا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َم اﻟْﺂ ِ‬ ‫ﺴ َﻨ ٌﺔ ﱢﻟﻤَﻦ آَﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺱ َﻮ ٌة َ‬ ‫‪َ y‬ﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ آَﺎ َن َﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ ﻓِﻲ َرﺱُﻮ ِل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ُأ ْ‬
‫ﻏﻔُﻮ ٌر ﱠرﺣِﻴ ٌﻢ }‪{3/31‬‬ ‫ن اﻟّﻠ َﻪ ﻓَﺎ ﱠﺕ ِﺒﻌُﻮﻧِﻲ ُﻳ ْ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺒ ْﺒ ُﻜ ُﻢ اﻟﻠّ ُﻪ َو َﻳ ْﻐ ِﻔ ْﺮ َﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ ُذﻧُﻮ َﺑ ُﻜ ْﻢ وَاﻟﻠّ ُﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺤﺒﱡﻮ َ‬ ‫‪ُ y‬ﻗ ْﻞ إِن آُﻨ ُﺘ ْﻢ ُﺕ ِ‬

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14/11/1435

uuu INFALLIBILITY OF PROPHETS uuu

y Infallibility means that the prophets as human beings have
the potential and capability to commit sins/crimes, major or
minor; intentionally or unintentionally; before their prophet
hood or after it,
it BUT they DO NOT commit sins/crimes,
sins/crimes
major or minor; intentionally or unintentionally; before their
prophet hood or after it. They DO NOT fall from their high
ranking position of the integrity of their character. As human
beings they need food for their survival, they fall sick and
suffer from diseases and they get injured in the battles etc.
y For example Hazrat Yusuf was initially inclined to accept
i it ti off Zulaikha
invitation Z l ikh but
b t was saved d through
th h God’s
G d’ Burhan
B h
as prophets do not ignore the guidance from Allah and do not
fall prey to the temptations of Nafs‐e‐Ammarah while
ordinary people like us ignore the advice of Nafs‐e‐
Lawwamah for petty worldly gains.

Mistakes and Forgetfulness

y As for minor mistakes and forgetfulness they are possible
from them in their worldly matters. (As for their mistakes
in the religious matters they are rectified immediately and
promptly through Revelation from God)
y The prophet’s advice to people to abandon pollinating
the date palm trees and leave it to the natural process was
based on his personal opinion not on any experience and it
proved to be wrong.
y Moses killed an Egyptian by mistake while trying to stop
them from fighting.
y Adam forgot about God’s warning regarding Iblees and his
machinations and ate the fruit of forbidden tree.
y Hazrat Yunus miscalculated the exact time of his
departure and abandoning his nation and was swallowed
by a whale as a punishment.

4
14/11/1435

Finality of the Prophet Muhammad

‫ﻋﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ‬
َ ‫ﻲ ٍء‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ ‫ن اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ ِﺑ ُﻜﻞﱢ‬
َ ‫ﻦ َوآَﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﱢﻦ ﱢرﺟَﺎ ِﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ َو َﻟﻜِﻦ ﱠرﺱُﻮ َل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َوﺧَﺎ َﺕ َﻢ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِﺒﻴﱢﻴ‬
َ ‫ﺤ ﱠﻤ ٌﺪ َأﺑَﺎ َأ‬
َ ‫ن ُﻣ‬
َ ‫ ﻣﱠﺎ آَﺎ‬y
{33/40}
y Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the
Messenger of Allah, and the seal of the prophets: and Allah has full
knowledge g of all things. g
‫ﺤﻴِﻲ‬ْ ‫ض ﻻ ِإ َﻟ َﻪ ِإ ﱠﻻ ُه َﻮ ُﻳ‬ ِ ‫ت وَا َﻷ ْر‬ ِ ‫ﺴﻤَﺎوَا‬ ‫ﻚ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ﺟﻤِﻴﻌًﺎ اﱠﻟﺬِي َﻟ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْﻠ‬ َ ‫س ِإﻧﱢﻲ َرﺱُﻮ ُل اﻟّﻠ ِﻪ ِإ َﻟ ْﻴ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬ ُ ‫ ُﻗ ْﻞ ﻳَﺎ َأ ﱡﻳﻬَﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ‬y
{7/158} ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻦ ﺑِﺎﻟّﻠ ِﻪ َو َآ ِﻠﻤَﺎ ِﺕ ِﻪ وَا ﱠﺕ ِﺒﻌُﻮ ُﻩ َﻟ َﻌﱠﻠ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﺕ ْﻬ َﺘﺪُو‬ ُ ‫ﻲ ا ُﻷﻣﱢﻲﱢ اﱠﻟﺬِي ُﻳ ْﺆ ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻓَﺂ ِﻣﻨُﻮ ْا ﺑِﺎﻟّﻠ ِﻪ َو َرﺱُﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِﺒ ﱢ‬ ُ ‫َو ُﻳﻤِﻴ‬
y Say: O human beings “I am the messenger of Allah to all of you….”
‫ﻦ‬
ْ ‫ن َﻣ َﺜﻠِﻲ َو َﻣ َﺜ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺄ ْﻧ ِﺒﻴَﺎ ِء ِﻣ‬‫ﺱﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻗَﺎ َل ِإ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو‬
َ ‫ﺹﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ‬ َ ‫ن َرﺱُﻮ َل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َأ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﻲ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ‬ َ‫ﺽ‬ِ ‫ﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ُه َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َر‬ ْ‫ﻋ‬ َ y
‫ن ِﺑ ِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻄﻮ ُﻓﻮ‬ ُ ‫س َﻳ‬
ُ ‫ﺠ َﻌ َﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻦ زَا ِو َﻳ ٍﺔ َﻓ‬ ْ ‫ﺽ َﻊ َﻟ ِﺒ َﻨ ٍﺔ ِﻣ‬ِ ‫ﺟ َﻤ َﻠ ُﻪ ِإﻟﱠﺎ َﻣ ْﻮ‬ ْ ‫ﺴ َﻨ ُﻪ َوَأ‬ َ ‫ﺣ‬ْ ‫ﺟ ٍﻞ َﺑﻨَﻰ َﺑ ْﻴﺘًﺎ َﻓ َﺄ‬
ُ ‫َﻗ ْﺒﻠِﻲ َآ َﻤ َﺜ ِﻞ َر‬
:‫ﻦ )ﺹﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬ َ ‫ﺖ َه ِﺬ ِﻩ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﺒ َﻨ ُﺔ ﻗَﺎ َل َﻓ َﺄﻧَﺎ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﺒ َﻨ ُﺔ َوَأﻧَﺎ ﺧَﺎ ِﺕ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِﺒﻴﱢﻴ‬ ْ ‫ﺽ َﻌ‬ ِ ‫ن َهﻠﱠﺎ ُو‬ َ ‫ن َﻟ ُﻪ َو َﻳﻘُﻮﻟُﻮ‬ َ ‫ﺠﺒُﻮ‬َ ‫َو َﻳ ْﻌ‬
(‫ ﺑﺎب آﻮن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺹﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺱﻠﻢ ﺧﺎﺕﻢ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﻴﻦ‬:‫ﺹﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻢ‬/ ‫ﺑﺎب ﺧﺎﺕﻢ اﻟﻨﺒﻴﻴﻦ‬
y The Prophet said: The parable of me and the prophets who came
before me is like that of a person who built a beautiful building and
then decorated it BUT at one of its corners there was a place where a
single brick was missing. Now the people started visiting it and
wondering at its beauty and asking why this place is without the
brick. I am that brick and I am the FINAL Prophet

3‐How it was Sent

Modes of Communication
‫ﺱ َﻞ َرﺱُﻮﻟًﺎ‬
ِ ‫ب َأ ْو ُﻳ ْﺮ‬
ٍ ‫ﺣﺠَﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﻴًﺎ َأ ْو ﻣِﻦ َورَاء‬
ْ ‫ﺸ ٍﺮ أَن ُﻳ َﻜﱢﻠ َﻤ ُﻪ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ ِإﻟﱠﺎ َو‬
َ ‫ن ِﻟ َﺒ‬
َ ‫ َوﻣَﺎ آَﺎ‬y
{42/51} ‫ﺣﻜِﻴ ٌﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋ ِﻠ ﱞ‬َ ‫ﻲ ِﺑ ِﺈ ْذ ِﻧ ِﻪ ﻣَﺎ َﻳﺸَﺎء ِإﻧﱠ ُﻪ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ِ ‫َﻓﻴُﻮ‬
y Translation
y “And it is not possible for a man that Allah should talk
to him except through Revelation or from behind a
veil or by sending an angel who then reveals with His
permission what He wants; for surely He is Most High
and d Most
M t Wise.” Wi ”
y In the above quoted verse Allah has mentioned the
three modes of Revelation i.e. direct revelation, via
materialistic/immaterial medium and by sending an
angel as His messenger to His chosen persons

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Three Modes
y Direct Revelation (Al‐Wahy) on the heart, mind
and soul of the prophet. (Heaviest Form)
y From Behind a Veil, i.e. using a materialistic or
immaterial medium, e.g. burning bush for Moses
(Musa); Light for Muhammad in the night of
Ascension.
y An angel, mostly Gabriel sent to the prophet as a
messenger
g to conveyy message
g of God to him usuallyy
in the form of a human being. (At two occasions
Prophet Muhammad saw Gabriel in his original
form.

1. DIRECT REVELATION:
y This kind of revelation is directed towards the heart, soul and
mind of the Prophets and is the most difficult and heaviest
kind of revelation. Allah Himself says in this regard:
‫ﻚ ا ْﻟ َﺄ ْﻣﺜَﺎ ُل‬
َ ‫ﺸ َﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َو ِﺕ ْﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ ‫ﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﺼ ﱢﺪﻋًﺎ ﱢﻣ‬
َ ‫ﺷﻌًﺎ ﱡﻣ َﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﺟ َﺒ ٍﻞ ﱠﻟ َﺮَأ ْﻳ َﺘ ُﻪ ﺧَﺎ‬
َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ‬َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ َﻟ ْﻮ أَﻧ َﺰ ْﻟﻨَﺎ َهﺬَا ا ْﻟ ُﻘﺮْﺁ‬y
{59/21} ‫ﻳﺘﻔﻜﺮون‬ َ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳَﺘَﻔَ ﱠﻜﺮُون‬
ْ ُ‫سِ ﻟَﻌَﱠﻠﻬ‬
‫ِﻠﻨﺎﱠﺎس‬‫ِﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻟﻠﻨ‬
‫ﻧﻀْﺮﺮﺑُﻬَﺎ‬
‫ﻧَﻀ‬
y If We had caused this Quran to descend upon a mountain,
you (O Muhammad) verily had seen it humbled, rent asunder
by the fear of God. Such similitude We coin for people that
perhaps they may reflect.
{73/5} ‫ﻚ َﻗ ْﻮﻟًﺎ َﺛﻘِﻴﻠًﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ‬
َ ‫ﺱ ُﻨ ْﻠﻘِﻲ‬
َ ‫ إِﻧﱠﺎ‬y
y (We shall convey to you a message of great weight.)
y According
A di to some traditions di i whenever
h theh Prophet
P h (peace ( be
b
upon him) received this kind of revelation he started
shivering and perspiring profusely even in the coldest days
or nights of the winter. The sweet scent of his sweat told the
companions that he is in the process of receiving the
revelation.

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14/11/1435

Some Examples of Heaviness

y According to another tradition once the Holy Prophet (peace
be upon him) received this kind of revelation and a
companion of him Zaid Bin Thabit Al‐Ansāri was sitting
closely to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Prophet
Prophet’ss
knee was placed on the knee of the companion. The
companion narrated later that:
“The Prophet’s knee became so heavier at that time that I
thought my knee was going to be broken into pieces.”
y On the occasion of Hajjat‐ul‐Wida’ when the prophet was
giving instructions to the people and answering their
questions regarding Hajj he started receiving revelation while
he was riding on the camel Qaswa. Thousands of the people
saw that the strong camel could not bear the burden of the
revelation and started crying and had to kneel down on the
ground.

What Prophet Experienced?

y When Hazrat ‘Ayesha once asked the Prophet (peace be upon him)
about his feelings at the time of direct revelation the Prophet
(peace be upon him) said:
y “When I receive this kind of revelation I hear ringing of the bells
(‫ )ﺹﻠﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﺮس‬and when it discontinues I remember everything that
has been revealed to me.”
y The prophet also said about the Wahy that the angels hear it like
the sound of a steel chain being dragged on smooth rocks.
y The reason of sending the Direct Revelation (‫ )اﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬in the form of
ringing bells in a rhythm (or for angels in the form of steel chains
dragged on solid rocks) is to protect it from being heard by
shayateen or jinnat
jinnat. This arrangement was actually to encode and
encrypt the message like Morse code so as to be received and
understood only by the concerned person.
y According to another tradition the companions of the Prophet
(peace be upon him) who happened to be near him at the time of
revelation heard the sound of buzzing of bees.

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2. FROM BEHIND A VEIL

y In this kind of revelation a material thing or immaterial one is
used as an intermediate between Allah and the prophet.
y Musa (A.S.) received his first revelation through bushfire.
Allah communicated with him through a burning bush in the
sacred valley of Tuwa near mountain of Toor when he was
taking his family back to Egypt from Madyan.
‫ﺖ ﻧَﺎرًا ﱠﻟ َﻌﻠﱢﻲ‬
ُ ‫ﺴ‬
ْ ‫{ ِإ ْذ َرأَى ﻧَﺎرًا َﻓﻘَﺎ َل ِﻟ َﺄ ْه ِﻠ ِﻪ ا ْﻣ ُﻜﺜُﻮا ِإﻧﱢﻲ ﺁ َﻧ‬20/9} ‫ﺚ ﻣُﻮﺱَﻰ‬ ُ ‫ﺣﺪِﻳ‬ َ ‫ك‬ َ ‫ َو َه ْﻞ َأﺕَﺎ‬y
‫{ َﻓ َﻠﻤﱠﺎ َأﺕَﺎهَﺎ ﻧُﻮدِي ﻳَﺎ ﻣُﻮﺱَﻰ‬20/10} ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِر ُهﺪًى‬ َ ‫ﺟ ُﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﺲ َأ ْو َأ‬ٍ ‫ﺁﺕِﻴﻜُﻢ ﱢﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎ ِﺑ َﻘ َﺒ‬
{20/12} ‫ﻃﻮًى‬ ُ ‫س‬ ِ ‫ﻚ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻮَا ِد ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻘ ﱠﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻚ ِإ ﱠﻧ‬
َ ‫ﺧ َﻠ ْﻊ َﻧ ْﻌ َﻠ ْﻴ‬
ْ ‫ﻚ ﻓَﺎ‬
َ ‫{ ِإﻧﱢﻲ َأﻧَﺎ َر ﱡﺑ‬20/11}
y Allah also communicated with our Prophet (peace be upon
h ) during
him) d his
h ascension (Mi’raj) ( ’ ) and d the h Hijab b i.e. veill
between Allah and the prophet was Noor.
y Dreams of the prophets (like that of Abraham’s, Yusuf’s and
our Prophet’s visions) are also included in the mode of behind
a veil category.

3. BY SENDING AN ANGEL AS A MESSENGER

‫ﻚ‬
َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ َﻗ ْﻠ ِﺒ‬
َ {26/193} ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫ح ا ْﻟ َﺄﻣِﻴ‬
ُ ‫{ َﻧ َﺰ َل ِﺑ ِﻪ اﻟﺮﱡو‬26/192} ‫ﻦ‬ َ ‫ب ا ْﻟﻌَﺎ َﻟﻤِﻴ‬
‫ َوِإ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟﺘَﻨﺰِﻳ ُﻞ َر ﱢ‬y
{26/195} ‫ﻦ‬ ٍ ‫ﻲ ﱡﻣﺒِﻴ‬
‫ﻋ َﺮ ِﺑ ﱟ‬
َ ‫ن‬ٍ ‫{ ِﺑ ِﻠﺴَﺎ‬26/194} ‫ﻦ‬ َ ‫ﻦ ا ْﻟﻤُﻨ ِﺬرِﻳ‬
َ ‫ن ِﻣ‬
َ ‫ِﻟ َﺘﻜُﻮ‬
y This was the easiest kind of revelation in which the Archangel
Gabriel was sent to the Prophets (peace be upon them) who
came with the revelation and recited the verses to them. The
Archangel used to come to the Prophet in the form of a
human being and most frequently he came in the form of a
companion Dihyah Bin khalifah al‐kalbi.
y Some times he came in the form of a stranger as he came in
the cave of Hira with first revelation and in Hadith‐e‐Jibreel Hadith e Jibreel
he came as a well dressed stranger.
y At two occasions the Prophet saw Jibreel in his original form,
once on the Earth and then near Sidratul Muntaha.

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‫‪4‐ For Whom it was Sent‬‬

‫‪Human Beings‬‬ ‫ﻦ َأ ْﻣ ِﺮ َرﺑﱢﻲ َوﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ح ِﻣ ْ‬ ‫ح ُﻗ ِﻞ اﻟﺮﱡو ُ‬ ‫ﻦ اﻟﺮﱡو ِ‬ ‫ﻋِ‬ ‫ﻚ َ‬ ‫ﺴ َﺄﻟُﻮ َﻧ َ‬
‫َو َﻳ ْ‬ ‫•‬
‫)‪(Basic Component‬‬ ‫ﻼ }‪{17/85‬‬ ‫أُوﺕِﻴﺘُﻢ ﻣﱢﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ ِإ ﱠﻻ َﻗﻠِﻴ ً‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺟﻌِﻲ ِإﻟَﻰ َر ﱢﺑ ِ‬ ‫ﻄ َﻤ ِﺌ ﱠﻨ ُﺔ }‪ {89/27‬ا ْر ِ‬ ‫ﺲ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْ‬‫ﻳَﺎ َأ ﱠﻳ ُﺘﻬَﺎ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ُ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺮوح ‪The Spirit‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒَﺎدِي‬ ‫ﺧﻠِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ِ‬ ‫ﺽ ﱠﻴ ًﺔ }‪ {89/28‬ﻓَﺎ ْد ُ‬ ‫ﺽ َﻴ ًﺔ ﱠﻣ ْﺮ ِ‬ ‫رَا ِ‬
‫ﺟ ﱠﻨﺘِﻲ }‪{89/30‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠِﻲ َ‬ ‫}‪ {89/29‬وَا ْد ُ‬
‫ﺲ اﻟﱠﻠﻮﱠا َﻣ ِﺔ }‪{75/2‬‬ ‫ﺴ ُﻢ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫َوﻟَﺎ ُأ ْﻗ ِ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻄﻤﺌﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻢَ‬
‫ﺴﱡﻮ ِء إِ ﱠﻻ ﻣَﺎ رَ ِ‬ ‫ِﺎﻟ ﱡ‬
‫وَﻣَﺎ ُأَُﺑَ ﱢﺮﱢىءُ َﻧ ْﻔﺴِﻲ ِإنﱠ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻔﺲَ َﻷﻣﱠﺎرَ ٌة ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻏﻔُﻮ ٌر ﱠرﺣِﻴ ٌﻢ }‪{12/53‬‬ ‫ن َرﺑﱢﻲ َ‬ ‫ﻲ ِإ ﱠ‬ ‫َر ﱢﺑ َ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓِﻲ َﻣﻨَﺎ ِﻣﻬَﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ َﻣ ْﻮ ِﺕﻬَﺎ وَاﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻟ ْﻢ َﺕ ُﻤ ْ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺣِﻴ َ‬ ‫اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َﻳ َﺘ َﻮﻓﱠﻰ ا ْﻟﺄَﻧ ُﻔ َ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻣﺎرة‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﻟﻮاﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮَى ِإﻟَﻰ‬ ‫ﺱ ُﻞ ا ْﻟُﺄ ْ‬
‫ت َو ُﻳ ْﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻬَﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ َ‬
‫ﻚ اﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻗﻀَﻰ َ‬ ‫ﺴُ‬ ‫َﻓ ُﻴ ْﻤ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ‪The Soul‬‬ ‫ن }‪{39/42‬‬ ‫ت ﱢﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ٍم َﻳ َﺘ َﻔ ﱠﻜﺮُو َ‬‫ﻚ ﻟَﺂﻳَﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ن ﻓِﻲ َذِﻟ َ‬ ‫ﺟ ٍﻞ ُﻣﺴَﻤًّﻰ ِإ ﱠ‬ ‫َأ َ‬
‫ﺼ َﺮ َوا ْﻟ ُﻔﺆَا َد‬‫ﺴ ْﻤ َﻊ وَا ْﻟ َﺒ َ‬ ‫ن اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﻠ ٌﻢ ِإ ﱠ‬
‫ﻚ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﺲ َﻟ َ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣَﺎ َﻟ ْﻴ َ‬ ‫َو َﻻ َﺕ ْﻘ ُ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺴﺆُو ًﻻ }‪{17/36‬‬ ‫ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﻣ ْ‬ ‫ن َ‬ ‫ﻚ آَﺎ َ‬ ‫ُآﻞﱡ أُوﻟ ِﺌ َ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ‪The Heart‬‬ ‫ب اﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫َﻓ ِﺈ ﱠﻧﻬَﺎ ﻟَﺎ َﺕ ْﻌﻤَﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺄ ْﺑﺼَﺎ ُر َو َﻟﻜِﻦ َﺕ ْﻌﻤَﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻘﻠُﻮ ُ‬ ‫•‬
‫ُوررِ }‪{22/46‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪو‬
‫ﺼﺪ‬‫اﻟ ﱡ‬
‫ب }‪{13/28‬‬ ‫ﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻘﻠُﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻄ َﻤ ِﺌ ﱡ‬
‫َأ َﻻ ِﺑ ِﺬ ْآ ِﺮ اﻟّﻠ ِﻪ َﺕ ْ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ ‪The Mind‬‬ ‫ن ُه ْﻢ ِإﻟﱠﺎ‬‫ن ِإ ْ‬ ‫ن َأ ْو َﻳ ْﻌ ِﻘﻠُﻮ َ‬ ‫ﺴ َﻤﻌُﻮ َ‬ ‫ن َأ ْآ َﺜ َﺮ ُه ْﻢ َﻳ ْ‬ ‫ﺐ َأ ﱠ‬
‫ﺴ ُ‬ ‫ﺤ َ‬ ‫َأ ْم َﺕ ْ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺱﺒِﻴﻠًﺎ }‪{25/44‬‬ ‫ﺽ ﱡﻞ َ‬ ‫آَﺎ ْﻟ َﺄ ْﻧﻌَﺎ ِم َﺑ ْﻞ ُه ْﻢ َأ َ‬
‫ﺱ َﺄﻟُﻮ ْا َأ ْه َﻞ‬
‫ﻚ ِإ ﱠﻻ ِرﺟَﺎ ًﻻ ﻧﱡﻮﺣِﻲ ِإ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ ﻓَﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﺱ ْﻠﻨَﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻠ َ‬
‫َوﻣَﺎ َأ ْر َ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺴﺪًا ﻟﱠﺎ‬ ‫ﺟ َ‬ ‫ﺟ َﻌ ْﻠﻨَﺎ ُه ْﻢ َ‬
‫ن }‪َ {21/7‬وﻣَﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺬ ْآ ِﺮ إِن آُﻨ ُﺘ ْﻢ َﻻ َﺕ ْﻌ َﻠﻤُﻮ َ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺴﺪ ‪The Body‬‬ ‫ﻦ }‪{21/8‬‬ ‫ﻄﻌَﺎ َم َوﻣَﺎ آَﺎﻧُﻮا ﺧَﺎ ِﻟﺪِﻳ َ‬ ‫ن اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻳ ْﺄ ُآﻠُﻮ َ‬

‫)اﻟﺠﺴﺪ( ‪The Body‬‬

‫‪) is a combination of heavy materials‬ﺟﺴﺪ( ‪y The Body‬‬
‫‪e.g. solid organs and light materials e.g. liquids and‬‬
‫‪lighter materials e.g. air and its all components need‬‬
‫‪nourishment‬‬
‫‪ih‬‬ ‫‪through‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪h foods‬‬
‫‪f d andd drinks‬‬
‫‪d i k andd breathing.‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪hi It‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬
‫‪also requires protection from extreme climatic and‬‬
‫‪environmental changes.‬‬
‫‪y According to Islam these needs should be fulfilled‬‬
‫‪through legitimate manner (i.e. Lawful things earned‬‬
‫‪through Lawful means) and in a moderate way.‬‬
‫‪way‬‬
‫‪y Harmful and injurious things have been prohibited to‬‬
‫‪save body parts and its components from their harmful‬‬
‫‪effects. Body also needs to be kept neat and clean.‬‬

‫‪9‬‬
14/11/1435

The Brain (‫)اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ‬

y Mind (‫ )اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬is the intellect that needs education and orientation,
and that is why seeking knowledge and orientation (known as
Tazkiyah) have been made obligatory on every Muslim.
y Mind is actually the capacity of the brain while Aql (reason) is the
name of the process that provides us proper results of the input
given to the mind through FIVE input devices i.e. FIVE SENSES.
y Aql (taken from Iqal i.e. a strip tied around a headscarf to prevent
it from slipping away) controls the emotions from drifting away
and keeps them within the limits.
y Intoxicants that retard and impair the function of the brain have
been prohibited to save it and its capacity i.e. the mind from their
harmful effects.

Heart(‫)اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
y Heart which is center of all emotions like love,
hate, anger, jealousy and it needs psychological
satisfaction but emotions should be under the
control of the reason.
y The Prophet said: “Inside the body there is an
organ of the size of mouthful meat, whole
body’s health (Physical, Mental and Spiritual)
depends on its health, and it is the Heart.”
y The Prophet also said: “Hearts become rustic
and their cleanliness (purity) is achieved
through the remembrance of Allah.”

10
14/11/1435

Soul(‫)اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬
y Soul is the sources of life. It is like the electric current that keeps
electronic appliances alive.
y Soul has three dimensions or three types: Nafs-e -Ammarah,
Nafs-e-Lawaamah and Nafs-e-Mutma’innah.
y Nafs-e-Ammarah is the target of Shaitan who constantly tries to
seduce, beguile and misguide human beings through his
whisperings in it
y Nafs-e-Lawwamah is the target of the Angels who constantly try
to remind human beings through it and warn them about satanic
whisperings. In common words it is called the Conscience.
y Wh we avoid
When id the
th temptations
t t ti off Nafs-e-Ammarah
N f A h and
d ffollow
ll
the suggestions of Nafs-e-Lawwamah, we achieve the state of the
Nafs that is known as Nafs-e-Mutmainnah. Allah says in the
Qur’an: The one who purifies his soul becomes successful in
both worlds and the one who pollutes it is doomed to failure in
both the worlds.

The Spirit (‫)اﻟﺮوح‬

y Spirit is the Divine Command which is infused in
the human beings after the first trimester of the fetus
with the purpose of nourishing it with good deeds
and pious acts to strengthen and sharpen its angelic
characteristics.
y This is taken out of the body by the angels at the
time of death and kept either in Illiyyin or Sijjin
according to the deeds and actions good or bad
committed by a person.
y The Spirit is infused again into the body at the time
of Resurrection after 2nd blowing of the Trumpet.

11
14/11/1435

5‐ How it was Preserved

(Prophet’s Period)
y 40 Scribes of Revelation were assigned the task of writing the
verses dictated by the Prophet himself. The whole Qur’an was
compiled
il d in
i this
thi way andd remained
i d with
ith the
th Prophet
P h t till his
hi death.
d th
y Himyari Script was used for writing the Qur’an. {without dots
and diacritical mark}.
y Qur’an was written on parchment (i.e. fine leather), shoulder
blades , palm leaves and palm stumps, wooden board and stone
slabs. The Surahs of this copy of the Qur’an, however, were not
k
kept in
i present d day order
d d due to use off di
diverse material
i l on which
hi h
they were written down.
y Number of the verses in each Surah and their present sequence
was decided by the Prophet himself. Like wise the number of
Surahs and their present day order was also decided by him

Personal copies of Sahabah

y Many companions of the prophet had their own copies
of the Qur’an such as Abu Bakr al‐Siddique, Uthman
bin Affan, Abdallah bin Masood, Ali bin Abi Talib,
Zaid
Z id bin
bi Thabit
Th bit al‐Ansari,
lA i Ubayy
Ub bin
bi Ka’b,
K ’b Mu’adh
M ’ dh bin
bi
Jabal and many others who got approval of the prophet
and his endorsement after reading them before him.
y Innumerable companions had some parts of the
Qur’an with them in written form that they were read
in front of the prophet to get them approved for being
correct and authentic.
authentic
y It was memorized by thousand of the companions
of the Prophet completely by some of them and
partially by many of them.

12
14/11/1435

Sample of Himyari Script

Letter of the Prophet to Roman Emperor

Compilation during Abu bakr’s Era

y Quran was again written down during Abu Bakr’s
caliphate after he ordered Zaid bin Thabit to compile it
under the supervision of Umer to arrange it in the
presentt day
d form
f starting
t ti with ith Surah
S h al‐Fatihah
l F tih h and
d
ending with Surah al‐Naas. This arrangement of the
Surahs was made by the Prophet himself.
y Again it was written in Himyari Script on same material
as that of the Prophets days.
y This properly arranged copy of the Qur’an
Qur an remained with
Umer after Abu Bakr. After the martyrdom of Umer it
remain under the custody of Umm al‐Mu’minin Hafsah
until Uthman bin Affan the third caliph obtained it from
her for final compilation in KUFI SCRIPT.

13
14/11/1435

Contributions of Uthman & Ali

y Seven copies of the Qur’an were prepared during the caliphate
of Uthman with his command by a committee of three
persons headed by Zaid bin Thabit and written down on
Parchment ((Fine Leather)) now in Kufi Script
p that had become
popular among the people. Kufi Script was without dots and
diacritical marks like Himyari Script but was more easy for the
people than its predecessor as well as beautiful.
y Dots were added during the caliphate of Ali bin Abi Talib
under his supervision by Abu’l Asawd al‐Dualy, a pupil of Ali
ibn Abi Talib.
y Diacritical Marks were added by Khalil bin Ahmad after
Hajjaj bin Yousuf al‐Thaqafi ordered him to find a way to
facilitate the people to read the Qur’an properly without
committing pronunciation mistakes.

Sample of Kufi Script

(A page from Qur'an)

14
14/11/1435

Mushaf‐e‐Uthman bin Affan

ƒ One third of the Qur’an is related to the subject of the

matters of faith and belief with special focus on
Tawheed. Another one third is related to the ethics
and etiquettes while one third of the Qur’an
contains stories of the ancient people, parables and
legal injunctions etc.
• According to Shah Waliullah all the verses of the
Qur’an could be divided into three major topics: 1)
A l Allah
Aala All h i.e.
i theh blessings
bl i and
d bounties
b i off Allah
All h 2))
Ayyam Allah i.e. historical events of the past and 3)
Ahkam Allah i.e. injunctions and commandments of
Allah.

15
14/11/1435

Faith & Disbelief

{35/10}ٍ‫ﺢ َﻳ ْﺮ َﻓ ُﻌ ُﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﺐ وَا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ اﻟﺼﱠﺎ ِﻟ‬ ُ ‫ﺼ َﻌ ُﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ِﻠ ُﻢ اﻟﻄﱠﻴﱢ‬
ْ ‫ ِإ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﻳ‬y
y To Him ascends the “Phrase of Truth” and righteous deeds help it
in its ascension.
‫ﺴﻤَﺎء‬
‫ﻋﻬَﺎ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ﺖ َو َﻓ ْﺮ‬
ٌ ‫ﺹُﻠﻬَﺎ ﺛَﺎ ِﺑ‬ْ ‫ﻃ ﱢﻴ َﺒ ٍﺔ َأ‬
َ ‫ﺸﺠَﺮ ٍة‬ َ ‫ﻃ ﱢﻴ َﺒ ًﺔ َآ‬
َ ‫ﻼ َآ ِﻠ َﻤ ًﺔ‬ً ‫ب اﻟّﻠ ُﻪ َﻣ َﺜ‬َ ‫ﺽ َﺮ‬َ ‫ﻒ‬ َ ‫ َأ َﻟ ْﻢ َﺕ َﺮ َآ ْﻴ‬y
‫ن‬
َ ‫س َﻟ َﻌﱠﻠ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﻳ َﺘ َﺬ ﱠآﺮُو‬
ِ ‫ب اﻟّﻠ ُﻪ ا َﻷ ْﻣﺜَﺎ َل ﻟِﻠﻨﱠﺎ‬ ُ ‫ﻀ ِﺮ‬
ْ ‫ن َر ﱢﺑﻬَﺎ َو َﻳ‬ ِ ‫ﻦ ِﺑ ِﺈ ْذ‬
ٍ ‫{ ُﺕ ْﺆﺕِﻲ ُأ ُآ َﻠﻬَﺎ ُآﻞﱠ ﺣِﻴ‬14/24}
{14/25}
y Didn’t you see how Allah gave the parable of the “Phrase of Truth”
with that of a good tree whose trunk + roots are firmly established
in the Earth and its branches are reaching the sky. sky It produces its
fruit each time with the permission of its Lord………..
{14/26} ‫ض ﻣَﺎ َﻟﻬَﺎ ﻣِﻦ َﻗﺮَا ٍر‬ ِ ‫ق ا َﻷ ْر‬ ِ ‫ﺖ ﻣِﻦ َﻓ ْﻮ‬ ْ ‫ﺟ ُﺘ ﱠﺜ‬ ْ ‫ﺧﺒِﻴ َﺜ ٍﺔ ا‬
َ ‫ﺠ َﺮ ٍة‬َ‫ﺸ‬ َ ‫ﺧﺒِﻴ َﺜ ٍﺔ َآ‬
َ ‫ َوﻣَﺜ ُﻞ َآ ِﻠ َﻤ ٍﺔ‬y
y And the parable of an evil phrase is that an evil tree that has been
uprooted from the earth and it has no permanent place to stay.

Parable of Faithfulness
y Fidelity (Faithfulness) is like LIGHT
‫ﺟ ُﺔ َآ َﺄ ﱠﻧﻬَﺎ‬َ ‫ﺟ ٍﺔ اﻟ ﱡﺰﺟَﺎ‬
َ ‫ح ﻓِﻲ ُزﺟَﺎ‬ ُ ‫ﺼﺒَﺎ‬
ْ ‫ح ا ْﻟ ِﻤ‬
ٌ ‫ﺼﺒَﺎ‬ْ ‫ﺸﻜَﺎ ٍة ﻓِﻴﻬَﺎ ِﻣ‬ْ ‫ض َﻣ َﺜ ُﻞ ﻧُﻮ ِر ِﻩ َآ ِﻤ‬ ِ ‫ت وَا ْﻟ َﺄ ْر‬ ِ ‫ﺴﻤَﺎوَا‬
‫ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ ﻧُﻮ ُر اﻟ ﱠ‬y
‫ﻏ ْﺮ ِﺑ ﱠﻴ ٍﺔ َﻳﻜَﺎ ُد َز ْﻳ ُﺘﻬَﺎ ُﻳﻀِﻲ ُء َوَﻟ ْﻮ َﻟ ْﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺷ ْﺮ ِﻗ ﱠﻴ ٍﺔ َوﻟَﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺠ َﺮ ٍة ﱡﻣﺒَﺎ َر َآ ٍﺔ َز ْﻳﺘُﻮ ِﻧ ٍﺔ ﻟﱠﺎ‬
َ‫ﺷ‬َ ‫ي ﻳُﻮ َﻗ ُﺪ ﻣِﻦ‬ ‫ﺐ ُد ﱢر ﱞ‬ٌ ‫َآ ْﻮ َآ‬
‫ِﻜﻞﻞ‬
‫واﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻜُ ﱢ‬ُ‫س وَاﻟﱠﻠﻪ‬‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺄﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻟﻠﻨ‬
ِ ‫ِﻠﻨﺎ‬ َ‫اﻟﻠﻪ اﻟْﺄَﻣْﺜَﺎل‬
ُ‫ِب اﻟﱠﻠﻪ‬
ُ‫ْﺮب‬
‫ﻀﺮ‬ ‫وﻳﻀ‬ َ‫ﻳﺸﺎء وَﻳ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻳَﺸَﺎء‬‫ُﻮرﻩﻩِ ﻣَﻦ‬
ِ‫اﻟﻠﻪ ﻟﻨِﻨﻮر‬
ُ‫ِي اﻟﱠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ْﺪي‬ ‫ُﻮررٍ ﻳَﻬ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻧﻮ‬ َ‫ﻧﻮر ﻋَﻠ‬
ٌ‫ﻧﺎر ﻧﱡﻮر‬
ٌ‫ﺕﻤﺴﺴﻪُ ﻧَﺎر‬
‫ﺕَﻤْﺴَﺴْﻪ‬
{24/35‫ﻋﻠِﻴ ٌﻢ } ﺱﻮرة اﻟﻨﻮر‬ َ ‫ﻲ ٍء‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬ َ
y Allah is the light of the Heavens and the Earth. Likeness of His Light
is that of a Niche wherein there is a lamp. The Lamp is inside a glass.
The Glass is like a bright star as if made of a pearl. The Lamp is
kindled with a blessed olive tree which neither belongs to the East
nor to the West, whose oil is to be luminous instantly even if fire did
not ot touctouch it. t. Light g t upo upon Light. g t. Allah a gu guides des to Hiss Light g t whom o Hee
wills. Thus Allah sets forth parables for the people and Allah has
complete knowledge of everything.
y (Here Niche means the chest/bosom, Lamp stands for the heart, Glass
represents the Faith, Blessed Olive Tree is the Tree of Faith i.e.
Islam+Eiman+Ihsan combined and Oil here means the Guidance from
Allah.)

16
14/11/1435

Parable of Faithlessness
y Infidelity (Faithlessness) is like Darkness
‫ﺟ َﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ َو َو‬َ ‫ﺠ ْﺪ ُﻩ‬ ِ ‫ﺣﺘﱠﻰ ِإذَا ﺟَﺎء ُﻩ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ‬ َ ‫ن ﻣَﺎء‬ ُ ‫ﻈﻤْﺂ‬
‫ﺴ ُﺒ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﺤ‬
ْ ‫ب ِﺑﻘِﻴ َﻌ ٍﺔ َﻳ‬
ٍ ‫ﺴﺮَا‬ َ ‫ﻋﻤَﺎُﻟ ُﻬ ْﻢ َآ‬
ْ ‫ﻦ َآ َﻔﺮُوا َأ‬ َ ‫ وَاﱠﻟﺬِﻳ‬y
‫ﻳﻐﺸﺎﻩ‬
ُ‫ﻟﺠﻲﱟ ﻳَﻐْﺸَﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺠ‬
‫ْﺮ ﱡﻟ ﱢ‬ٍ‫ﺤﺮ‬‫تٍ ﻓِﻲ ﺑَﺑﺤ‬ ‫آﻈﻠﻤﺎَﺎت‬
‫أو آَﻈُﻠُﻤ‬
ْ‫{ أَو‬24/39} ِ‫ب‬ ‫ِﺴﺎَﺎب‬ ‫ِﻳﻊ اﻟاﻟﺤ‬
‫ْﺤﺴ‬ ُ‫َﺮﻳﻊ‬‫واﻟﻠﻪ ﺱﺮ‬
ُ‫ِﺴﺎﺑﻪ وَاﻟﱠﻠﻪ‬
ُ‫ﻓﻮﻓﺎﻩ ﺣﺴَﺎﺑَﻪ‬ُ‫ِﻨﺪﻩ ﻓَﻮَﻓﱠﺎﻩ‬
ُ‫ﻋﻨﺪَﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋ‬
َ‫اﻟﱠﻠﻪ‬
‫ج َﻳ َﺪ ُﻩ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ َﻜ ْﺪ َﻳﺮَا َهﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺧ َﺮ‬ْ ‫ﺾ ِإذَا َأ‬
ٍ ‫ق َﺑ ْﻌ‬َ ‫ﻀﻬَﺎ َﻓ ْﻮ‬
ُ ‫ت َﺑ ْﻌ‬
ٌ ‫ﻇُﻠﻤَﺎ‬ُ ‫ب‬ ٌ ‫ﺱﺤَﺎ‬ َ ‫ج ﻣﱢﻦ َﻓ ْﻮ ِﻗ ِﻪ‬ ٌ ‫ج ﻣﱢﻦ َﻓ ْﻮ ِﻗ ِﻪ َﻣ ْﻮ‬ ٌ ‫َﻣ ْﻮ‬
{24/40 ‫ﺠ َﻌ ِﻞ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﻟ ُﻪ ﻧُﻮرًا َﻓﻤَﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ ﻣِﻦ ﻧﱡﻮ ٍر } ﺱﻮرة اﻟﻨﻮر‬ ْ ‫َوﻣَﻦ ﱠﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ‬
y “Those who have rejected the faith their deeds are like a mirage in
a sandy desert, which the man parched with thirst mistakes for
water until he reaches there and finds it to be nothing. Instead he
finds Allah (ever) with him just to pay him his account. And Allah
is swift in taking account. Or the likeness (of the unbelievers’
deeds) is that of the depths of Darkness in a fathomless ocean
overwhelmed by billows upon billows, covered by dark clouds.
Depths of darkness covered by depths of darkness, when he
stretches out his hand, he can hardly see it. For him whom Allah
gives not any light, there is no light for him.”

Likeness of Shirk
‫ت َﺑ ْﻴﺘًﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺨ َﺬ‬
َ ‫ت ا ﱠﺕ‬
ِ ‫ن اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َأ ْو ِﻟﻴَﺎء َآ َﻤ َﺜ ِﻞ ا ْﻟﻌَﻨ َﻜﺒُﻮ‬
ِ ‫ﺨﺬُوا ﻣِﻦ دُو‬َ ‫ﻦ ا ﱠﺕ‬
َ ‫ َﻣ َﺜ ُﻞ اﱠﻟﺬِﻳ‬y
‫آﺎﻧﻮا َﻌْﻠَ ُ ن‬
{29/41} َ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻮ آَﺎ ُﻧ ا‬
ْ َ‫اﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮتِ ﻟ‬َُ‫ﺖ اﻟْﻌَﻨﻜ‬
ُ ْ ََ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻮتِ ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬ ُُْ‫أوهﻦ اﻟ‬
َ‫ن أَ ْهَﻦ‬‫وإَإِنﱠ‬
y The parable of those who take protectors other
than Allah is like that of the spider that made a
house and certainly the flimsiest of the houses
is the house of the spider, p , if onlyy theyy can
understand.
y Really! Could anything be more flimsy than a
house of a spider?

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Prophet & his Companions as Role

Models
‫ن‬
َ ‫ﺠﺪًا َﻳ ْﺒ َﺘﻐُﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﱠ‬ُ ‫ﺡﻤَﺎء َﺑ ْﻴ َﻨ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﺗﺮَا ُه ْﻢ ُر ﱠآﻌًﺎ‬َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻜﻔﱠﺎ ِر ُر‬ َ ‫ﺷﺪﱠاء‬ ِ ‫ﻦ َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ َأ‬َ ‫ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ وَاﱠﻟﺬِﻳ‬ُ ‫ﺤ ﱠﻤ ٌﺪ ﱠرﺳُﻮ‬ َ ‫ ﱡﻣ‬y
‫ﻚ َﻣ َﺜُﻠ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮرَا ِة َو َﻣ َﺜُﻠ ُﻬ ْﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺴﺠُﻮ ِد َذِﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ َأ َﺛ ِﺮ اﻟ ﱡ‬
ْ ‫ﺽﻮَاﻥًﺎ ﺳِﻴﻤَﺎ ُه ْﻢ ﻓِﻲ ُوﺝُﻮ ِهﻬِﻢ ﱢﻣ‬ ْ ‫ﻦ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َو ِر‬ َ ‫ﻀﻠًﺎ ﱢﻣ‬ْ ‫َﻓ‬
‫ﻆ ِﺑ ِﻬ ُﻢ‬ َ ‫ع ِﻟ َﻴﻐِﻴ‬ َ ‫ﺐ اﻟ ﱡﺰرﱠا‬ ُ ‫ﺠ‬ ِ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ﺳُﻮ ِﻗ ِﻪ ُﻳ ْﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺳ َﺘﻮَى‬ ْ ‫ﻆ ﻓَﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺳ َﺘ ْﻐَﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻄَﺄ ُﻩ ﻓَﺂ َز َر ُﻩ ﻓَﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬َ ‫ج‬ َ ‫ﺧ َﺮ‬
ْ ‫ع َأ‬ٍ ‫ﻞ َآ َﺰ ْر‬ ِ ‫ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﺈِﻥﺠِﻴ‬
{ / } ‫ﻈِﻴﻤًﺎ‬
{48/29} ‫ت ﻣِﻨْ ُﻬُﻢ ﱠﻣﻐْْﻔﻔِﺮًًََة َوَأﺝْﺮًا ﻋََﻈ‬ ِ ‫ُﻮا اﻟﺼﱠﺎﱠﺎﻟﻟِﺤَﺎ‬ ‫ُﻮا َوﻋَ ِﻤُﻠ ا‬‫ا ْﻟ ُﻜﻔﱠﺎرَ َوﻋَﺪَ اﻟﱠﻠﻪُ اﱠﻟﱠﺬﺬِﻳﻦَ ﺁﻣََُﻨ ا‬
y 48:29 Muhammad is the Messenger of God. And those with him
are hard against the disbelievers and merciful among
themselves. You (O Muhammad) see them bowing and falling
prostrate (in worship), seeking bounty from God and (His)
acceptance. The mark of them is on their foreheads from the
traces of prostration. Such is their similitude in the Torah and
their similitude in the Gospel – as sown corn that sends forth its
shoot and strengthens it and rises firm upon its stalk, delighting
the sowers – that He may enrage the disbelievers with (the sight
of ) them. God has promised, to such of them as believe and do
good works, forgiveness and immense reward.

Awamir & Nawhiy

(Prescriptions & Proscriptions)
y Awamir & Nawhiy (‫ )اواﻣﺮ و ﻧﻮاهﻰ‬i.e. verses prescribing
some thing and verses proscribing some thing. For
example following verses contain both types of the
commandment prescribing few things and proscribing
few other ones:
‫ﻦ‬
ِ‫ﻋ‬ َ ‫ن َوإِﻳﺘَﺎء ذِي ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮﺑَﻰ َو َﻳ ْﻨﻬَﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺣﺴَﺎ‬ ْ ‫ن اﻟّﻠ َﻪ َﻳ ْﺄ ُﻣ ُﺮ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺪ ِل وَا ِﻹ‬
‫ ِإ ﱠ‬y
{16/90} ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻈ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﻟ َﻌﱠﻠ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﺕ َﺬ ﱠآﺮُو‬
ُ ‫ﻲ َﻳ ِﻌ‬
ِ ‫ﺤﺸَﺎء وَا ْﻟﻤُﻨ َﻜ ِﺮ وَا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻐ‬ ْ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻔ‬
‫ن َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ َﺕ ْﻮآِﻴ ِﺪهَﺎ‬
َ ‫َوَأ ْوﻓُﻮ ْا ِﺑ َﻌ ْﻬ ِﺪ اﻟّﻠ ِﻪ ِإذَا ﻋَﺎهَﺪ ﱡﺕ ْﻢ َو َﻻ ﺕَﻨ ُﻘﻀُﻮ ْا ا َﻷ ْﻳﻤَﺎ‬
{16/91}‫ن اﻟّﻠ َﻪ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻠ ُﻢ ﻣَﺎ َﺕ ْﻔ َﻌﻠُﻮن‬ ‫ﻼ ِإ ﱠ‬
ً ‫ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ُﻜ ْﻢ َآﻔِﻴ‬
َ ‫ﺟ َﻌ ْﻠ ُﺘ ُﻢ اﻟّﻠ َﻪ‬َ ‫َو َﻗ ْﺪ‬

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Translation
y Lo! God enjoins justice and kindness and
giving to kinsfolk, and forbids lewdness
and abomination and wickedness. He
exhorts you in order that you may take
heed. Fulfill the covenant of God when
you have covenanted, and break not your
oaths
th after
ft the
th asseveration
ti off them,
th andd
after you have made God surety over you.
Lo! God knows what you do

Halal & Haram

(Lawful & Unlawful)
y Halal & Haram (‫ )ﺣﻼل و ﺣﺮام‬i.e. verses declaring some thing
lawful and verses declaring some thing illegal. It is sole
p
privilege g and p prerogative g of Allah to do that. For example: p
‫ﻋﻠَﻰ‬
َ ‫ن َﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ َأ ْم‬َ ‫ﻼ ًﻻ ُﻗ ْﻞ ﺁﻟّﻠ ُﻪ َأ ِذ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ َ ‫ﺣﺮَاﻣًﺎ َو‬َ ‫ﺠ َﻌ ْﻠﺘُﻢ ﻣﱢ ْﻨ ُﻪ‬
َ ‫ق َﻓ‬ٍ ‫ ُﻗ ْﻞ َأ َرَأ ْﻳﺘُﻢ ﻣﱠﺎ أَﻧ َﺰ َل اﻟّﻠ ُﻪ َﻟﻜُﻢ ﻣﱢﻦ ﱢر ْز‬y
{10/59} ‫ن‬ َ ‫اﻟّﻠ ِﻪ َﺕ ْﻔ َﺘﺮُو‬
Say: Have you considered what provision God has sent down y
for you, how you have made it lawful and unlawful? Say: Has
God permitted you, or do you invent a lie concerning God?
‫ن‬
‫ب ِإ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟّﻠ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ِﺬ‬ َ ‫ﺣﺮَا ٌم ﱢﻟ َﺘ ْﻔ َﺘﺮُو ْا‬
َ ‫ﻼ ٌل َو َهﺬَا‬َ‫ﺣ‬
َ ‫ب َهﺬَا‬ َ ‫ﺴ َﻨ ُﺘ ُﻜ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ِﺬ‬
ِ ‫ﻒ َأ ْﻟ‬
ُ ‫ﺼ‬
ِ ‫ َو َﻻ َﺕﻘُﻮﻟُﻮ ْا ِﻟﻤَﺎ َﺕ‬y
{16/116/ } َ‫َﺬِبَ َﻻ ﻳُ ْﻔﻠِْﻠﺤُُﻮن‬ ‫ﱠﺬِﻳﻦَ ﻳَ ْﻔ َﺘﺮُُونَ ﻋَ َﻠَﻰ اﻟّﻠّﻪﻪِ ا ْﻟ َﻜﺬ‬
‫اﱠﻟﺬ‬
And speak not, concerning that which your own tongues y
qualify (as clean or unclean), the falsehood: `This is lawful,
and this is forbidden,' so that you invent a lie against God. Lo!
Those who invent a lie against God will not succeed

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Azeemah & Rukhsah

( Obligatory & Optional)
y Azeemah & Rukhsah (‫ )ﻋﺰﻳﻤﺔ و رﺧﺼﺔ‬Azeemah i.e.
verses making g some thingg obligatory
g y and Rukhsah
i.e. verses giving options and choices.
y For example verses with the phrases like "‫ “ﻻ ﺟﻨﺎح‬i.e.
“there is no blame for it”, “‫ ”ﻓﻼ اﺛﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬i.e. “there is no
sin in it”, “ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺣﺮج‬/‫ ”ﻻ‬i.e. “there is no harm” and the
phrase “‫ ”ﻻ ﻳﺆاﺧﺬآﻢ اﷲ‬i.e. “Allah doesn’t hold you
responsible” give option to do or not to do while
verses that firmly command to do something leave
no room for choice.

7‐The Objectives of the Shari'ah

The Protection, Preservation and safeguarding the Followings is the
Main Aim & Objective of all the Teachings of Islam

Progeny Life
‫اﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬

Reason Property
‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎل‬

Religion
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬

Dr. Baluch

20
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Life
The most precious gift of Allah is the life which must be preserved and protected at all costs
whether it is human life, animal’s or plants
‫ﺟﻤِﻴﻌًﺎ‬ َ ‫س‬ َ ‫ﺣﻴَﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺣﻴَﺎهَﺎ َﻓ َﻜ َﺄ ﱠﻧﻤَﺎ َأ‬
ْ ‫ﻦ َأ‬
ْ ‫ﺟﻤِﻴﻌًﺎ َو َﻣ‬ َ ‫س‬ َ ‫ض َﻓ َﻜ َﺄ ﱠﻧﻤَﺎ َﻗ َﺘ َﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺲ َأ ْو َﻓﺴَﺎ ٍد ﻓِﻲ ا َﻷ ْر‬ ٍ ‫‰ ﻣَﻦ َﻗ َﺘ َﻞ َﻧ ْﻔﺴًﺎ ِﺑ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ َﻧ ْﻔ‬
{5/32}
‰ Whosoever kills a human being for other than manslaughter or corruption in
the earth, it shall be as if he had killed all mankind, and whoever saves the life
of one, it shall be as if he had saved the life of all mankind.
{6/151} ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻖ َذ ِﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ َوﺹﱠﺎ ُآ ْﻢ ِﺑ ِﻪ َﻟ َﻌﱠﻠ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﺕ ْﻌ ِﻘﻠُﻮ‬ ‫ﺤﱢ‬ َ ‫ﺣ ﱠﺮ َم اﻟﻠّ ُﻪ ِإ ﱠﻻ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ‬
َ ‫ﺲ اﱠﻟﺘِﻲ‬ َ ‫‰ َو َﻻ َﺕ ْﻘ ُﺘﻠُﻮ ْا اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻔ‬
‰ And slay not the life which God has made sacred, except in the course of
justice. This He has commanded you, in order that you may discern.
‫ﺴﺮِف ﻓﱢﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺘ ِﻞ ِإﻧﱠ ُﻪ‬ ْ ‫ﻼ ُﻳ‬َ ‫ﺱ ْﻠﻄَﺎﻧًﺎ َﻓ‬ ُ ‫ﺟ َﻌ ْﻠﻨَﺎ ِﻟ َﻮ ِﻟ ﱢﻴ ِﻪ‬
َ ‫ﻈﻠُﻮﻣًﺎ َﻓ َﻘ ْﺪ‬ ْ ‫ﻖ َوﻣَﻦ ُﻗ ِﺘ َﻞ َﻣ‬ ‫ﺤﱢ‬ َ ‫ﺣ ﱠﺮ َم اﻟﻠّ ُﻪ ِإ ﱠﻻ ﺑِﺎﻟ‬ َ ‫ﺲ اﱠﻟﺘِﻲ‬ َ ‫‰ َو َﻻ َﺕ ْﻘ ُﺘﻠُﻮ ْا اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻔ‬
{17/33} ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮرا‬ ‫آﺎن ﻣَﻨْﺼُﻮرًا‬ َ‫آَﺎن‬
‰ And slay not the life, which God has forbidden except with right. Whoever is
slain wrongfully, We have given power to his heir, but let him not commit
excess in slaying. Lo! He will be helped.
{2/179} ‫ن‬ َ ‫ب َﻟ َﻌﱠﻠ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﺕ ﱠﺘﻘُﻮ‬
ِ ‫ﻲ ا َﻷ ْﻟﺒَﺎ‬ ْ ‫ﺣﻴَﺎ ٌة َﻳ ْﺎ أُو ِﻟ‬
َ ‫ص‬ِ ‫‰ َو َﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ ِﻘﺼَﺎ‬
‰ And there is life for you in (the Law of) Retaliation, O men of understanding,
that you may become pious.

Property
Property means all the provisions of sustenance that are necessary for our survival or they
make our life easy and comfortable.
{4/29} ‫ض ﻣﱢﻨ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬ ٍ ‫ن ِﺕﺠَﺎ َر ًة ﻋَﻦ َﺕﺮَا‬ َ ‫ﻃ ِﻞ ِإ ﱠﻻ أَن َﺕﻜُﻮ‬ ِ ‫ﻦ ﺁ َﻣﻨُﻮ ْا َﻻ َﺕ ْﺄ ُآﻠُﻮ ْا َأ ْﻣﻮَا َﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻨ ُﻜ ْﻢ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﺒَﺎ‬
َ ‫‰ ﻳَﺎ َأ ﱡﻳﻬَﺎ اﱠﻟﺬِﻳ‬
‰ O you who believe! Consume not your wealth among yourselves in vanity,
except p it be a trade byy mutual consent
‫ن‬
َ ‫س ﺑِﺎ ِﻹ ْﺛ ِﻢ َوأَﻧ ُﺘ ْﻢ َﺕ ْﻌ َﻠﻤُﻮ‬
ِ ‫ﻦ َأ ْﻣﻮَا ِل اﻟﻨﱠﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺤﻜﱠﺎ ِم ِﻟ َﺘ ْﺄ ُآﻠُﻮ ْا َﻓﺮِﻳﻘًﺎ ﱢﻣ‬
ُ ‫ﻃ ِﻞ َو ُﺕ ْﺪﻟُﻮ ْا ِﺑﻬَﺎ ِإﻟَﻰ ا ْﻟ‬ ِ ‫‰ َو َﻻ َﺕ ْﺄ ُآﻠُﻮ ْا َأ ْﻣﻮَا َﻟﻜُﻢ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻨﻜُﻢ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﺒَﺎ‬
{2/188}
‰ And devour not your property among yourselves unjustly, nor seek by it favors
of the authorities so that you may knowingly devour a portion of the property of
others wrongfully.
{17/34} ‫ﺴﺆُو ًﻻ‬
ْ ‫ن َﻣ‬
َ ‫ن ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻬ َﺪ آَﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺪﱠ ُﻩ َوَأ ْوﻓُﻮ ْا ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻬ ِﺪ ِإ ﱠ‬ُ ‫ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﻳ ْﺒُﻠ َﻎ َأ‬ َ ‫ﻦ‬ ُ‫ﺴ‬ َ ‫ﺣ‬ ْ ‫ﻲ َأ‬
َ ‫‰ َو َﻻ َﺕ ْﻘ َﺮﺑُﻮ ْا ﻣَﺎ َل ا ْﻟ َﻴﺘِﻴ ِﻢ ِإ ﱠﻻ ﺑِﺎﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ِه‬
{17/35} ‫ﻼ‬ ً ‫ﻦ َﺕ ْﺄوِﻳ‬ ُ‫ﺴ‬ َ ‫ﺣ‬ ْ ‫ﺧ ْﻴ ٌﺮ َوَأ‬
َ ‫ﻚ‬َ ‫ﺴ َﺘﻘِﻴ ِﻢ َذ ِﻟ‬
ْ ‫س ا ْﻟ ُﻤ‬
ِ ‫ﺴﻄَﺎ‬ ْ ‫َوَأ ْوﻓُﻮا ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻴ َﻞ إِذا ِآ ْﻠ ُﺘ ْﻢ َو ِزﻧُﻮ ْا ﺑِﺎﻟ ِﻘ‬
‰ Come not near the wealth of the orphan except with that which is better till he
comes to strength; …..,Fill the measure when you measure, and weigh with a
right balance; that is honest, and better in the end.
{25/67} ‫ﻚ َﻗﻮَاﻣًﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻦ َذ ِﻟ‬
َ ‫ن َﺑ ْﻴ‬َ ‫ﺴ ِﺮﻓُﻮا َو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻘ ُﺘﺮُوا َوآَﺎ‬ْ ‫ﻦ ِإذَا أَﻧ َﻔﻘُﻮا َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ‬ َ ‫‰ وَاﱠﻟﺬِﻳ‬
‰ and those who, when they spend, are neither prodigal nor niggardly; and there
is ever a firm way between the two (extremes)

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Religion
Religion provides us some sets of norms and principles to live according to them to
prove to be useful members of the society
‫ﻰ َﻻ‬ َ ‫ﻚ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ َو ِة ا ْﻟ ُﻮ ْﺛ َﻘ‬
َ‫ﺴ‬َ ‫ﺱ َﺘ ْﻤ‬
ْ ‫ت َو ُﻳ ْﺆﻣِﻦ ﺑِﺎﻟّﻠ ِﻪ َﻓ َﻘ ِﺪ ا‬ ِ ‫ﻦ َﻳ ْﻜ ُﻔ ْﺮ ﺑِﺎﻟﻄﱠﺎﻏُﻮ‬ ْ ‫ﻲ َﻓ َﻤ‬‫ﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ﱢ‬
َ ‫ﺷ ُﺪ ِﻣ‬
ْ ‫ﻦ اﻟﺮﱡ‬ َ ‫ﻦ ﻗَﺪ ﱠﺕ َﺒ ﱠﻴ‬
ِ ‫‰ َﻻ ِإ ْآﺮَا َﻩ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺪﱢﻳ‬
{2/256} ‫ﻋﻠِﻴ ٌﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺱﻤِﻴ ٌﻊ‬ َ ‫اﻧ ِﻔﺼَﺎ َم َﻟﻬَﺎ وَاﻟﻠّ ُﻪ‬
‰ There is no compulsion in religion. The right direction is henceforth distinct
from
f theh wrong one. So S he h who h rejects j false
f l deities d i i and d believes
b li in
i God,
G d has h
grasped a firm handhold which will never break. God is Hearer, Knower.
‫ﺱﺮَا ِد ُﻗﻬَﺎ َوإِن‬ ُ ‫ط ِﺑ ِﻬ ْﻢ‬َ ‫ﻦ ﻧَﺎرًا َأﺣَﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻋ َﺘ ْﺪﻧَﺎ ﻟِﻠﻈﱠﺎ ِﻟﻤِﻴ‬
ْ ‫ﻖ ﻣِﻦ رﱠﺑﱢ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﻓﻤَﻦ ﺷَﺎء َﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴ ْﺆﻣِﻦ َوﻣَﻦ ﺷَﺎء َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ْﻜ ُﻔ ْﺮ ِإﻧﱠﺎ َأ‬ ‫ﺤﱡ‬ َ ‫‰ َو ُﻗ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ‬
{18/29} ‫ت ُﻣ ْﺮ َﺕ َﻔﻘًﺎ‬ ْ ‫ب َوﺱَﺎء‬ ُ ‫ﺸﺮَا‬ ‫ﺲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺸﻮِي ا ْﻟ ُﻮﺟُﻮ َﻩ ِﺑ ْﺌ‬ ْ ‫ﺴ َﺘﻐِﻴﺜُﻮا ُﻳﻐَﺎﺛُﻮا ِﺑﻤَﺎء آَﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻬ ِﻞ َﻳ‬ ْ ‫َﻳ‬
‰ Say: the truth is from your Lord. Then whosoever wills, let him believe, and
whosoever wills, let him disbelieve. Lo! We have prepared a Fire for the unjust.
Its flames enclose them. If they ask for showers, they will be showered with
water the like to molten lead, which burns the faces. Calamitous is the drink
and d ill ll is the h resting place! l
‫ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻬَﺎ َوﻣَﺎ َأ َﻧ ْﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻀ ﱡﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﺽ ﱠﻞ َﻓ ِﺈ ﱠﻧﻤَﺎ َﻳ‬
َ ‫ﺴ ِﻪ َوﻣَﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﻦ ا ْه َﺘﺪَى َﻓ ِﺈ ﱠﻧﻤَﺎ َﻳ ْﻬ َﺘﺪِي ِﻟ َﻨ ْﻔ‬ ِ ‫ﻖ ﻣِﻦ رﱠﺑﱢ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﻓ َﻤ‬ ‫ﺤﱡ‬ َ ‫س َﻗ ْﺪ ﺟَﺎء ُآ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ‬ ُ ‫‰ ُﻗ ْﻞ ﻳَﺎ َأ ﱡﻳﻬَﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ‬
{10/108} ‫ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻜُﻢ ِﺑ َﻮآِﻴ ٍﻞ‬ َ
‰ Say: O people! Now that the Truth from your Lord has come to you. So whoever
is guided, is guided only for (the good of) his soul, and whoever errs, errs only
against it. And I am not a warder over you.

Reason
Reason (‫ )اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬is the most important unmatched and unparalleled blessing
of Allah second only to wisdom (‫)اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬. It deserves to be preserved and
protected from all types of intoxicants whether that of material stuff or bad
thoughts and evils ideas

ِ‫ﺼَﺎبُ َوَا َﻷزْﻻَمُ ِرﺟْﺲٌ ﱢﻣﻦْ ﻋَﻤََﻞﻞ‬ َ ‫ﺴﺮُ َوَا َﻷَﻧ‬

ِ ْ‫‰ َﻳَﺎ َأَﱡﻳﱡ َﻬَﺎ اﱠﻟﱠﺬﺬِﻳﻦَ ﺁﻣََُﻨُﻮاْ ِإﻧﱠ َﻤَﺎ ا ْﻟﺨَﻤْﺮُ َوَا ْﻟﻤَﻴ‬
‫ن أَن ﻳُﻮ ِﻗ َﻊ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻨ ُﻜ ُﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﺸ ْﻴﻄَﺎ‬
‫{ ِإ ﱠﻧﻤَﺎ ُﻳﺮِﻳ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠ‬5/90} ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﺟ َﺘ ِﻨﺒُﻮ ُﻩ َﻟ َﻌﱠﻠ ُﻜ ْﻢ ُﺕ ْﻔ ِﻠﺤُﻮ‬
ْ ‫ن ﻓَﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﺸ ْﻴﻄَﺎ‬‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻼ ِة َﻓ َﻬ ْﻞ أَﻧﺘُﻢ‬َ‫ﺼ‬‫ﻦ اﻟ ﱠ‬
ِ‫ﻋ‬َ ‫ﺼﺪﱠ ُآ ْﻢ ﻋَﻦ ِذ ْآ ِﺮ اﻟّﻠ ِﻪ َو‬
ُ ‫ﺴ ِﺮ َو َﻳ‬ ِ ‫ﺨ ْﻤ ِﺮ وَا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻴ‬
َ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻌﺪَا َو َة وَا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻐﻀَﺎء ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ‬
{5/91} ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻣﱡﻨ َﺘﻬُﻮ‬
‰ O you who believe! Strong drink and games of chance and
idols and divining arrows are only an infamy of Satan's
handiwork. Leave it aside in order that yyou mayy succeed.
Satan seeks only to cast among you enmity and hatred by
means of strong drink and games of chance, and to turn
you from remembrance of God and from (His) worship.
Will you then have it done?

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Progeny
Preservation of progeny of human as well as animals and plants is necessary for the
perpetuation of life in its diverse forms on the face of the earth with an aim and objective
of keeping the balance of ecosystem intact.

‫ﺲ‬
َ ‫ﻦ َو َﻻ َﺕ ْﻘ ُﺘﻠُﻮ ْا اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻔ‬
َ‫ﻄ‬
َ ‫ﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎ َوﻣَﺎ َﺑ‬ َ ‫ﺶ ﻣَﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺣ‬ِ ‫ﻦ َﻧ ْﺮ ُز ُﻗ ُﻜ ْﻢ َوِإﻳﱠﺎ ُه ْﻢ َو َﻻ َﺕ ْﻘ َﺮﺑُﻮ ْا ا ْﻟ َﻔﻮَا‬ ُ‫ﺤ‬ ْ ‫ق ﻧﱠ‬
ٍ ‫ﻼ‬ َ ‫ﻦ إ ْﻣ‬ ْ ‫‰ َو َﻻ َﺕ ْﻘ ُﺘﻠُﻮ ْا َأ ْو َﻻ َدآُﻢ ﱢﻣ‬
{6/151} ‫ن‬ َ ‫ﻖ َذ ِﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ َوﺹﱠﺎ ُآ ْﻢ ِﺑ ِﻪ َﻟ َﻌﱠﻠ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﺕ ْﻌ ِﻘﻠُﻮ‬ ‫ﺤﱢ‬ َ ‫ﺣ ﱠﺮ َم اﻟّﻠ ُﻪ ِإ ﱠﻻ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ‬
َ ‫اﱠﻟﺘِﻲ‬
‰ And slay not your children because of penury. We provide for you and for them
– …. And slay not the life which God has made sacred, except in the course of
justice. This He has commanded you, in order that you may discern.
{81/9} ‫ﺖ‬ ْ ‫ﺐ ُﻗ ِﺘ َﻠ‬ ٍ ‫ي ذَﻧ‬ ‫{ ِﺑَﺄ ﱢ‬81/8} ‫ﺖ‬ ْ ‫ﺱ ِﺌ َﻠ‬
ُ ‫‰ َوِإذَا ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮؤُو َد ُة‬
‰ and when the girl‐child that was buried alive is asked for what sin she was slain
{17/31} ‫ﻂءًا َآﺒِﻴﺮًا‬ ْ‫ﺧ‬ِ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ن َﻗ ْﺘ َﻠ ُﻬ ْﻢ آَﺎ‬
‫ﻦ َﻧ ْﺮ ُز ُﻗ ُﻬ ْﻢ َوِإﻳﱠﺎآُﻢ إ ﱠ‬ ُ‫ﺤ‬ ْ ‫ق ﻧﱠ‬ٍ ‫ﺸ َﻴ َﺔ ِإﻣْﻼ‬ ْ ‫ﺧ‬َ ‫‰ َو َﻻ َﺕ ْﻘ ُﺘﻠُﻮ ْا َأوْﻻ َد ُآ ْﻢ‬
‰ Slay not your children, children fearing a fall to poverty, poverty We shall provide for them and
for you. Lo! The slaying of them is great sin.
‫{ َوِإذَا‬2/204} ‫ﺼﺎ ِم‬ َ ‫ﺨ‬ِ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ﻣَﺎ ﻓِﻲ َﻗ ْﻠ ِﺒ ِﻪ َو ُه َﻮ َأ َﻟ ﱡﺪ ا ْﻟ‬ َ ‫ﺸ ِﻬ ُﺪ اﻟّﻠ َﻪ‬ ْ ‫ﺤﻴَﺎ ِة اﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﻧﻴَﺎ َو ُﻳ‬ َ ‫ﻚ َﻗ ْﻮُﻟ ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ‬ َ ‫ﺠ ُﺒ‬
ِ ‫س ﻣَﻦ ُﻳ ْﻌ‬ ِ ‫ﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ‬ َ ‫‰ َو ِﻣ‬
{2/205} ‫ﺤﺐﱡ اﻟ َﻔﺴَﺎ َد‬ ِ ‫ﺴ َﻞ وَاﻟﻠّ ُﻪ َﻻ ُﻳ‬ ْ ‫ث وَاﻟ ﱠﻨ‬ َ ‫ﺤ ْﺮ‬ َ ‫ﻚ ا ْﻟ‬ َ ‫ﺴ َﺪ ِﻓ ِﻴﻬَﺎ َو ُﻳ ْﻬ ِﻠ‬
ِ ‫ض ِﻟ ُﻴ ْﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﺱﻌَﻰ ﻓِﻲ ا َﻷ ْر‬ َ ‫َﺕ َﻮﻟﱠﻰ‬
‰ ….And when he turns away (from you) his effort in the land is to spread evil
therein and to destroy the crops and the offspring; and God loves not evil.

23