1. Lift/Elevator.

 Transportation of patients in
-vertical transport vehicle hospitals and vertical
-powered by an electric motor (hoist transportation of
or hydraulic pump) handicapped people.
 To increase working
2. Escalator. moving staircase -- efficiency of offices and
circulating belt of steps driven by a large organizations.
motor  TYPES OF LIFTS (on basis
of USE)
3. Hoist. Raise by means of ropes Trade Lift. offices, buildings, hotels,
and pulleys. etc.
Hospital Lift. hospitals and
4. Hydraulic pump. mechanical treatment centers. Paternoster Lift. passenger
device that converts mechanical Car Lifts. lift car in multi-storey car elevator which consists of chain of
power into hydraulic energy. parks. open compartments that move
High Residential Lift. flats and slowly in a loop up and down inside
5. Governor. safety device that other high-rise buildings for efficient a building without stopping.
stops the escalator if the speed transportation of Passenger can step on or off at any
significantly decreases or increases people. floor they like.
to 120% of the rated speed. Fire Lift. controls a system back in
emergency.
6. Paternoster Lift. passenger TYPES OF LIFTS (on basis of
elevator-- chain of open function)
compartments (two persons) that Electric Lift. electro-mechanical
move slowly in a loop up enabled gearless traction electric
and down inside a building without technology to send people to higher
stopping. buildings. COMPONENTS OF LIFT
Lift Car. vertically moving chamber
7. Pneumatic Lift. These elevators
in which passenger or goods are
utilize air pressure to lift the elevator
transported. It is
cab. The cab has a vacuum seal
mainly constructed of steel or iron
built into the ceiling.
attached with steel frame. It is
provided with door, floor
8. Hydraulic Lift. These elevators
panel indication, emergency button,
which are powered by a piston that
phone, lightning, and many
travels inside a cylinder. An electric
emergency supplies.
motor pumps hydraulic oil into the
cylinder to move the piston.
Hydraulic Lift. powered by piston
9. Buffer device designed to stop a that travels inside a cylinder. An
descending car or counterweight electric motor pumps hydraulic oil
beyond its normal limit and to soften into the cylinder to move the piston.
the force with which the elevator The piston smoothly lifts the elevator
runs into the pit during an cab. Lift Door. utilization of centre
emergency.
opening door is recommended as
they reduce the roundtrip
10. Treads/Steps. modular
time and help in improving the
escalator units, with a multi-
efficiency of lift.
component step. These designs are
incredibly durable step units

Elevator
Need and Importance
Rapid Development
 Buildings deigned nowadays
built vertically due to
increased land cost and
population.
Comfort Governor. mechanical device used
 To provide efficient and Pneumatic Lift. ascending push to control the speed of lift on the
safe vertical transportation generated by difference in the basis of load in the lift chamber. It is
to people in vertical atmospheric pressure on the top of usually placed at top of list shaft in a
buildings. car and under the car. The vacuum room equipped with electric motor,
Special Cases required is achieved by turbines safety gear, etc.
operating as exhaust fans, located
at the top of the elevator.
 Definition of Escalators
Escalators are moving stairs-a
conveyor transport device where the
treads moves on a track at an incline
or decline to transport people from
one floor to another. The typical
Lift Shaft. also called lift hoist. It is
speed of an escalator is 100 feet per
constructed with RCC to
Factors affecting Selection of Lift minute.
accommodate the loading and fire
 Utility. The function must be Type of Escalators
resistance. The size is decided on
identified whether lift is for Parallel Type. constructed side by
the basis of no. of users. It is
residential, commercial, or side or with some
pathway of lift.
hospital etc. distance between them. These are
 Capacity. This depends on type usually at metro stations.
of building and frequency of access
to lift.
 Speed. This depends on no. of
stops and users.
Design of Lift
There are 3 major factors which
contribute to design of lift mainly
Guard Rail. track laid on both the  Population or the no. of people
sides of the lift shaft to keep the car who require lift service.
and counterweight in balance. It also Multi-Parallel Type. These are the
 Handling Capacity or the
act as a safety device to hold the lift two or more escalators constructed
maximum flow rate required by
from crashing down if the rope of same nature in
these people.
breaks. parallel.
 Quality of Service Required or
interval.
Population
Exact population calculations are
rarely available, so the calculation of
this factor is made on the basis of
type of building, No. of floors, net
area available. Average population
density can vary from one person
per (4-20) sq. meter. If no indication
Counterweight connected with a Criss-Cross Type. escalators which
possible population of 5 sq. meter is
rope of elevator car to support the are constructed keeping the same
generally assumed.
load carried by generator. Its main nature of escalators on one side.
Quantity of Service
function is to grip the lift car and The quantity of service is measure
reduce the power of generator. of passenger handling capacity. It is
measured in terms of total no. of
passengers handled during each 5
min peak period of the day.
NOTE- The passenger handling
capacity should be approximately
10-15% of estimated
population that has to be handled
during peak time for office
building,7.5% for residential
building.
Design Requirements
Angle of Inclination. It shall not be
>30 degree from horizontal for
vertical transportation up
to 6m. Permitted up to 35 degree in
extreme case.
Buffer. group of springs placed in
vertical direction to absorb the Balustrade. Escalators shall be
impact of lift car when it falls. It is provided on each side with solid
placed in lift pit. balustrades. Glass balustrading can
be used considering IS2553:1964.
The width between balustrades shall
be measured on the incline at a W= width in cm b/w balustrade,
point 68.5cm vertically above the A= horizontal teeth between upper
nose of steps and shall not be less and lower teeth of combplate.
than width of step. It shall not be The Rated speed should m=not be
more than 33cm with 16.5cm on more than 38m/min. Factor of safety
each side. There should be taken from Cl4.12 of
should be no abrupt change in the IS4591:1968.
width on the other side.
Advantages of Escalator
 It has more loading capacity and
allows large no of people to move
from one place to another at the
same time.
Combplates. There should be
 It is more efficient as people do
combplate at entrance and exit of
not have to wait as in case of
every escalator. These should be
elevator.
meshed up with tread surface and
 Its speed can be adjusted as per
should be adjustable.
crowd management and can be
Handrails. Each balustrade should
turned off when not
be provided with a handrail moving
in use.
in the same direction at same speed
Safety and Usage Tips on
as that of steps. These handrails
Elevators
should be extended beyond
While Waiting for the Elevators
combplate and the height at the
 Once you are aware of the
normal should not be less than
destination, push on the elevator call
30cm. The distance between the Trusses/ Girders. Truss is hollow
towards the direction you wish to go.
handrails should not exceed the metal structure that bridges the
Press the up arrow if you wish to up
distance between balustrade by lower and upper landings.
and down arrow for going
more than 15cm, provided 7.5cm on Its ends are attached to upper and
downstairs.
both the sides.` lower landings. It is composed of
 Listen to the announcement
two sections joined together with
concerning the elevator’s arrival (not
cross braces across the bottom and
all elevators have announcement,
just below the top.
depends on the elevator
manufacturers in Chennai) and
stand aside making way for the
passengers in it to exit.
 If the elevator is full upon arrival,
Treads/Steps. The depth of any wait for the next turn as attempting
step tread in the direction of travel to go in can put you in trouble.
shall not be less than 40cm and the While Boarding the Elevators
Tracks System. This is embedded
rise should not be more than 22cm.  Never be in hurry. Always allow
inside the truss and these are
The width should not be less than the passengers in the elevator to
connected by chain or belt. There
40cm and not more than 102cm. make their way out before you
are two tracks which move relatively
Maximum clearance between the board.
such that a stair comes out at
steps should be4 mm. Each  Board the elevator, press the
combplate called as step-wheel
tread step should be slotted, and button indicating the destination floor
track and trailer-wheel track. It is
slotting should not be more than (type of button/ options will be
mainly provided to prevent the
6.5mm wide and 9.5mm deep. The different depending on the lift
displacement of steps if the chain
distance between adjoining slotting manufacturers in Chennai) and
breaks.
should not be more than 9.5mm. move back making room for other
passengers to board safely.
While ‘IN’ the Elevator
 While riding inside the elevator,
hold the handrails, if provided by the
elevator manufacturers in Chennai
else stand close to its walls.
 Also, pay attention to the floor
Landings. Landings of RCC indications and announcements
concrete may be provided being made and wait until the door
conforming to secure foothold. No completely opens on reaching your
clear specifications are provided so destination.
design should be done taking care  If the door does not open
of rated load. Rated Load- It is computed by automatically, push on DOOR
formula- OPEN button.
Rated Load-2.7𝑊𝐴 While Leaving the Elevator
 As the elevator reaches the floor, TAIL PULLEY
do not be in a hurry.
 Always be patient and allow the
people in front of you to either exit or
ask them to make way.
 Also, as you exit, watch out your
step as the elevator car may not in
the perfect level with the floor at
times.
While Stalled in an Elevator
CONVEYOR BELT
 DOOR OPEN Button
 Stay Calm and Patient
 Press HELP/ALARM Button or
Any Other Communication System
CLEATED BELT CONVEYORS
Cleated belt conveyors will always
have a barrier or cleat in their
A conveyor system is a method for
design. The cleats work to separate
moving packages, products,
equal segments on the belt. These
supplies, parts, and equipment for
segments keep particles and
production, shipping, or relocation.
CONVEYOR FRAME materials that might otherwise roll
TYPES OF CONVEYING SYSTEMS
back or fall off the conveyor during
inclines and declines.
PNEUMATIC
the transport of bulk solids through a
pipe by using the flow of air or other
gas
use a series of pipelines that move
products by pumping air

TYPES OF BELT CONVEYING

SYSTEMS

ROLLER BELT CONVEYORS

BELT The surface just under the belt on
transport or move physical items like this version of a conveyor belt is
materials, goods, even people from made of a series of rollers. The
one point to another rollers are closely stacked so that
there is hardly any sagging of the
belt.

HEAD PULLEY

FLAT BELT CONVEYORS

utilizes a motorized belt to power
IDLER ROLLERS each roller, allowing this conveyor
type to control the motion of the
materials being transported. They
are preferred over typical belt
conveyors when items must be
stopped momentarily at control
points, items must be turned, and/or
side loading or slide unloading is
necessary.