MRSM TUN ABDUL RAZAK, PEKAN
ORGANIC FERTILISER
THEME: ECOSYSTEM AND THE ENVIROMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY
Group Members:
MUHAMMAD HARIZ DANIAL BIN MOHAMED HANIF
MUHAMMAD FARHAN AMIR BIN MOHD FAROQ
MUHAMMAD NABIL BIN ANUAR
WAN MUHAMMAD AMIR LUQMAN BIN WAN MOHD RIDZUWAN
Teacher:
NOOR DIYANA BINTI FAKHARUZI
1
Table of Content
Content Page
Appendix 3
Acknowledgement 4
Introduction 5
Problem Statement 6
Objectives 7
Safety Precautions 8
List of Materials (1) 9
Methodology (1)
9
-Costing
10
-Procedures
Results/Data (1) 11
List of Materials (2) 12
Methodology (2)
12
-Costing
13-14
-Procedures
Results/Data (2) 15
List of Materials (3) 16
Methodology (3)
16
-Costing
17-18
-Procedures
Results/Data (3) 19
Discussion 20-21
Conclusion 22
References 23
N Work Person In Date
o Charge
2
1 Division of work to group members Group
leader:Nabil
-Experiments 12
-Fertiliser 1 Farhan December
-Fertiliser 2 Amir 2022
-Fertiliser 3 Hariz
-Objectives,Introduction,Acknowledgement Hariz
-Discussion Farhan
-PBL folio Nabil
2 Discussion of works and experiments 14
All December
2022
3 Searching and buying materials/items Farhan 17
Hariz December
Amir 2022
4 Started making fertilisers and conducting Farhan 19
the experiments Hariz December
Amir 2022
5 Collecting data and results 24
Nabil December
2022
6 Making PBL folio 25
Nabil December
2022
7 Making conclusion and discussion 27
All December
2022
8 Submission of work Nabil 9 January
2023
Appendix
Acknowledgement
First of all, we would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our teacher
Noor Diyana who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the
3
topic Ecosystem and the Environmental Sustainability, which also helped us in doing
a lot of research and we came to know about so many new things. We are really
thankful to them.
Secondly we would also like to thank our parents and friends who helped us a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time frame.
Last but not least, we would thank to all of our group members who are very
cooperative and enthusiastic in the making of this project. So this is the honourable
mention for them:
Group Leader
Muhammad Nabil bin Anuar
Muhamad Farhan Amir Muhammad Hariz Danial
bin Mohd Faroq bin Mohamed Hanif
Wan Muhammad Amir Luqman
bin Wan Mohd Ridzuwan
Introduction
4
Green technology is the use of technology and science to create products and
services that are environmentally friendly. Green tech is related to “clean tech” which
specifically refers to products or services that improve operational performance while
also reducing costs, energy consumption, waste, or negative effects on the
environment.
The goal of green tech is to protect the environment, repair damage done to the
environment in the past, and conserve the Earth's natural resources. Green tech has
also become a burgeoning industry that has attracted enormous amounts of
investment capital.
Many green technologies aim to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases in order to prevent climate change and reducing the impact of
human activities.
Green technology had been portfolio of the Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation (MOSTI) which was established on 27th March 2004, accounting for the
long-term and short-term effects of human activities on the environment. National
Green Technology Policy (2009) states that any product, equipment, or system that
fulfilled the following criteria can be categorised as green technology.
Based of the theme of Ecosystem and Enviromental Sustainability and the
understanding of the concept of Green Technology, we were assigned to find a way
to recycle kitchen products and food waste to produce natural fertiliser. So, we have
created three types of fertiliser from kitchen products to test on its effect on the
growth of the plants.After conducting the experiments using all the fertilisers, we
have chosen the best fertiliser which promotes fastest growth of the plants.
Problem Statement
5
Nowadays, the use of chemical fertilisers on crops is overused worldwide. The use
of chemical fertilisers is very effective on the growth of the crops but it has many
negative effects to the enviroments. For examples, overused of chemical fertilisers
on the crops can contribute to soil acidification and soil crust, thereby reducing the
content of organic matter, humus content, beneficial species, stunting plant growth,
altering the pH of the soil, growing pests, and even leading to the release of
greenhouse gases.
To overcome that problem, we have produced the organic fertiliser from the food
waste which can be benefited instead of just being thrown out. These organic
fertilisers is able to replace the chemical fertilisers in boosting the growth of the
crops and are very environmental friendly. It can reduce the release of greenhouse
gasses and damage to the environment.
Objectives
6
To recycle kitchen and food waste which have exceeded expiry
dates to produce natural fertilisers, eco enzymes or growth booster
for crops
To prevent food wastage
To produce the organic fertilisers which increase the growth of the
crops but do not release greenhouse gasses and reduce the pH of
the soil
7
Safety Precautions
1) Handle sharp 2) Wear gloves when
items(knife and planting the plants in
blender) with care the soil
Safety
Precautions
3) Avoid fertiliser get 4) Don't consume the
into the eyes fertilisers
Fertiliser 1: Orange Peel
8
List of Materials
N Materials/Items Quantity
o
1 Orange peel About 2-3 oranges
2 Blender machine 1
3 Chili plant 2
Estimated Costs
No Materials/Items Quantity Price(RM)/ Total(RM)
Source
1 Orange peel About 2-3 Eaten oranges -
oranges
2 Blender machine 1 Home -
3 Chili plant 2 5.00 10.00
4 Soil 10kg 4.50 4.50
5 Pot 2 1.20 2.40
TOTAL 16.90
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Procedures
1) Peel the oranges
2) Put the orange peels into the blender machine
3) Grind the orange peels until it became powder
4) Put ground orange peels into container
5) Put the fertiliser to the plants
10
One plant is added with the fertiliser while the other one is not. Leave the
plants under the sunlight and make sure to water it everyday.
Measure the plants height each day using metre ruler. Record the data in
a table:
Results
Day Height of plants (cm)
Plant with fertiliser Plant without fertiliser
1 29.8 28.7
2 29.8 28.7
3 29.9 28.7
4 30.0 28.9
5 30.2 29.0
6 30.4 29.1
7 30.8 29.4
Difference in height of the plant = final height – initial height
Plant Difference in height of the plant (cm)
With fertiliser 1.0
Without fertiliser 0.7
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Fertiliser 2: Banana Peel, Ground Coffee & Egg shell
List of Materials
N Materials/Items Quantity
o
1 Banana peel About 2-3 bananas
2 Ground coffee waste 200 gram
3 Egg shells 3 eggs
4 Knife 1
5 Mortar & pestle 1
6 Scissors 1
7 Chopping board 1
8 Chili plant 2
Estimated Costs
No Materials/Items Quantity Price(RM)/Source Total(RM)
1 Banana peel About 2-3 Eaten bananas -
bananas
2 Ground coffee waste 200 gram - -
3 Egg shells 3 eggs - -
4 Knife 1 -
5 Mortar & pestle 1 Home -
6 Scissors 1 -
7 Chopping board 1 -
8 Chili plant 2 5.00 10.00
TOTAL 10.00
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Procedures
1) Prepare the materials (banana peel, egg shell,ground coffee waste)
2) Chop the banana peels into smaller pieces
3) Grind the egg shells using mortar and pestle until it became powder
4) Mix all the three igredients all together in a polystrene cup
13
5) Put the fertiliser to the plants
One plant is added with the fertiliser while the other one is not. Leave the
plants under the sunlight and make sure to water it everyday.
Measure the plants height each day using metre ruler. Record the data in
a table:
14
Results
Day Height of plants (cm)
Plant with fertiliser Plant without the fertiliser
1 21.0 23.0
2 21.5 23.0
3 22.5 23.5
4 22.7 23.9
5 23.4 24.1
6 23.6 24.2
7 23.9 24.5
Difference in height of the plant = final height – initial height
Plant Difference in height of the plant (cm)
With fertiliser 2.9
Without fertiliser 1.5
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Fertiliser 3: Chicken Bones
List of Materials
N Materials/Items Quantity
o
1 Chicken bones About 1/3 of the chicken
2 Blender machine 1
3 Air fryer 1
4 Mortar & pestle 1
5 Chili plant 2
Estimated Costs
No Materials/Items Quantity Price(RM)/Source Total(RM)
1 Chicken bones About 1/3 of Eaten chicken -
the chicken
2 Blender machine 1 -
3 Air fryer 1 Home -
4 Mortar & pestle 1 -
5 Chili plant 2 5.00 10.00
TOTAL 10.00
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Procedures
1) Preparing chicken bones
2) Put the chicken bones into the boiling pot and boil it for 30 minutes
3) Wash and clean the remaining flesh using tap water
4) Heat the chicken bones in air fryer for 30 minutes in 200 celcius
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5) Grinding bones into smaller pieces using mortar and pestle
6) Put the ground chicken bones into blender machine and blend until it
became fine powder
7) Put the fertiliser on the plants
One plant is added with the fertiliser while the other one is not. Leave
the plants under the sunlight and make sure to water it everyday.
Measure the plants height each day using metre ruler. Record the data
in a table:
18
Results
Day Height of plants (cm)
Plant with fertiliser Plant without the fertiliser
1 28.6 28.8
2 28.8 28.8
3 29.3 28.9
4 29.5 29.0
5 29.9 29.2
6 30.2 29.3
7 30.6 29.4
Difference in height of the plant = final height – Initial height
Plant Difference in height of the plant (cm)
With fertiliser 2.0
Without fertiliser 0.6
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Discussion
Ingredients in natural fertiliser and how they make effect on the
plant growth.
Fertiliser 1: Orange Peel
The main igredients of this fertiliser is orange peels which is full of nitrogen.
Nitrogen (N) is very good for providing rich nutrients in the soil for the plants
growth. Nitrogen also used by the plants in the making of amino acids.
Chlorophyll of the plants is made of mainly nitrogen and it is a important
components for the plants to undergo Photosynthesis. Plants with sufficient
nitrogen will experience high rates of photosynthesis and will increase the plant
growth and development.
Fertiliser 2: Banana Peel, Ground Waste Coffee & Egg Shell
Another fertiliser that is made organically is made by the mixing of ground coffee
waste, banana peel, and egg shell. Source of nitrogen for plants, producing
healthy green growth and strong stems. Coffee also contains calcium and
magnesium both of which are beneficial to plant health. Meanwhile, banana peels
contain calcium which promotes the growing of root and also helps adding
oxygen into the soil. Banana contains phosphorus which fruiting and flowering
and helps the pollination and germination of seed. It also contains potassium
which builds resistance to pests and diseases. Using egg shells also helps
because it has calcium carbonate that can strengthen a plant’s roots so it can
grow faster and stronger.
Fertiliser 3: Chicken Bones
The igredients of this fertiliser is chicken bones, where it is dried and crushed into
a fine powder making them easy to decompose. Chicken bone fertiliser is full of
essential phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen and calcium. As said before, these
nutrients is very important for the plant to grow well. Calcium contributes to the
structure of cell walls. While, Potassium helps plants grow for their fruiting and
20
flowering. As well as, Nitrogen for photosynthesis and Phosphorus promotes
early root growth, winter hardiness, and seed formation, stimulates tillering, and
increases water use efficiency.
Problem encountered and suggestions for improvement.
One of the problems we encountered during this project is the growth
of the plants is quite slow after using the fertilisers compared to when
using the chemical fertilisers. In a simple words, the results are not as
best as when using the chemical fertilisers. Since organic fertilisers are
slow-release fertilisers, the effect on plant development is slow. This
happens due to the organic substances that are bound together to their
structure. As a result, it takes time for microbes to break them down
into a form that is available for plant root absorption.
The other problem is the organic fertiliser provides inconsistent
nutrients. The nutrient content in organic fertilisers is not consistent.
This is because organic fertilisers do not contain a fixed primary
nutrient. Therefore, the same amount of a specific fertiliser might result
in a different effect on the same type of plants.
After collecting the results of the experiment, we noticed that the
growth of the plants were not really obvious as the duration of the
experiment was only lasted for a week. So, the suggestion for the
future project is extend the duration of the experiment for about a
month to see a better results.
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Conclusion
After analyzing the data and results, we can conclude that the plants
that being added with fertilisers grew taller in a faster rate compared to
the plants that were not added with fertilisers. These results proved
that the organic fertilisers can provides many nutrients to the plants for
the better growth of the plants.
Out of all three fertilisers, one of the fertilisers which is Fertiliser 2:
Banana peel, Ground Coffee & Egg shell result on the greatest
difference of height of the plants when being added with fertiliser.
Which means the Fertiliser 2 is the most effective organic fertiliser that
promotes the fastest growth of the plants. This is because Fertiliser 2
contain most nutrients and the most suitable for boosting the plant
growth compared to the other organic fertilisers.
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References
Nitrogen
https://kochagronomicservices.com/knowledge-center/The-Role-of-Nitrogen-in-Crop-Production-and-How-
to-Protect-It_2288.aspx#:~:text=Nitrogen%20is%20an%20essential%20macronutrient,biochemical
%20reactions%20within%20a%20plant.
Chicken bones
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/can-you-compost-chicken-bones.php#:~:text=The%20powdered
%20bones%20can%20be,very%20well%20in%20said%20fertilizer.
Calcium
https://www.pthorticulture.com/en/training-center/role-of-calcium-in-plant-culture/
Phosphorus
https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/crop-production/phosphorus-basics-deficiency-symptoms-sufficiency-
ranges-and-common-sources/#:~:text=Functions%20of%20Phosphorus%20in%20Plants&text=Phosphorus
%20promotes%20early%20root%20growth,and%20increases%20water%20use%20efficiency.
Egg Shell
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/egg-shell-fertilizer-guide
Banana Peel
https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/clean-and-green/green-home-and-community/clean-and-green-blog/four-
ways-banana-peels-can-help-your-plants
Green Technology
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/green_tech.asp
Fertiliser 1 Procedures
https://youtu.be/qB4TFfWH8dY
Fertiliser 2 Procedures
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https://youtu.be/FiBsbOCLLGw
Fertiliser 3 Procedures
https://youtu.be/_Drl6WNbafk
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