Impact of
Industrial
Revolution on
Architecture
-By Jagmohan Singh
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS THE TIME PERIOD
WHICH TOOK PLACE BETWEEN 17TH AND I8TH
CENTURY .
STARTED IN BRITAIN AND SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD.
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS THE TRANSITION
TO NEW MANUFACTURING PROCESSES. THIS
TRANSITION INCLUDED GOING FROM HAND
PRODUCTION METHODS TO MACHINES, NEW
CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING AND IRON PRODUCTION
PROCESSES, IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF WATER
POWER, THE INCREASING USE OF STEAM POWER
AND DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINE TOOLS
MAJOR
INVENTIONS
IN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
THE STEAM ENGINE : INVENTED BY JAMES WATT IN
1785, WHOSE PROLIFERATION INTO NEWLY BUILT
MACHINE SHOP AND IRON FOUNDRIES ENGENDERED AN
APPROPRIATE TYPE OF BUILDING.
STEAM ENGINE LEADS TO INVENTION OF STEAM SHIP ,
STEAM LOCOMOTIVES.
RAILWAY- A MEANINGFUL SYMBOL OF THE NEW AGE
WHICH IN TURN HAD CONSEQUENCES FOR ARCHITECTURE
- STATIONS, BRIDGES, TUNNELS
THE STEAM BOAT :AN IMPORTANT MEANS OF
TRANSPORTATION WHICH INTURN HAD CONSEQUENCES
FOR MASS MIGRATION FROM ACROSS THE GLOBE.
DELOPMENT IN
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
ROADS, RAILWAYS AND CANALS WERE BUILT.
CANALS- CANALS BEGAN TO BE BUILT IN THE LATE
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO LINK MAJOR
MANUFACTURING CENTRES.
RAIL ROAD - THE CONSTRUCTION OF MAJOR RAILWAYS
CONNECTING_THE LARGER CITIES AND TOWNS
INVENTION OF BUILDING
MATERIALS
CAST IRON,AN ESSENTIALLY BRITTLE MATERIAL, IS APPROXIMATELY FOUR TIMES AS RESISTANT
TO COMPRESSION AS STONE.
WROUGHT IRON, WHICH IS FORTY TIMES AS RESISTANT TO TENSION AND BENDING AS
STONE, IS ONLY FOUR TIMES HEAVIER. IT CAN BE FORM AND MOLDED INTO ANY SHAPE.
GLASS CAN BE MANUFACTURED IN LARGER SIZES AND VOLUMES.
SOLID STRUCTURES COULD BE REPLACED BY SKELETON STRUCTURES, MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO
ERECT BUILDINGS OF ALMOST UNRESTRICTED HEIGHT.
BUILDINGS COULD BE CONSTRUCTED INTO ANY SHAPE AND IN SHORT TIME.
Why Was it Started?
Industrial Revolution as, ‘a widespread replacement of
manual labor by machines that began in Britain in the 18th
century.”
People did not want to do their work manually for the rest of
their lives.
Somewhere around 75% of the British made their money
from farming. In the winter when they couldn't farm they
worked with the wool from their sheep to make cloth. This
was called the cottage industry. This was one thing that
caused the Industrial Revolution.
What Was the Effect on
Agriculture?
Farmers that had always done
everything by hand were now
using machines in their fields.
With all of the machines not as
many farm workers were
needed so they had to move to
cities to find work
Use of Iron in Architecture
The Iron Bridge
The Iron Rail Road Station
The Iron Market Place
The Iron Commercial Buildings
The Iron Cultural and Religious Buildings
The Iron Exhibition Building
The Iron Bridges
Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn, New York 1869-1883
Clifton Suspension Bridge, Bristol, England 1836-1864
Tower Bridge London Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn, New York
Clifton Suspension Bridge, Bristol, England Tower Bridge London
THE IRON RAILROAD STATION
Central Railroad Station, New Castle on Tyne, England, 1846-55
St. Pancreas Station, London
St. Pancreas Station, London
CENTRAL RAILROAD STATION, NEW CASTLE,TYNE, It was designed by William Henry Barlow and building work
ENGLAND, 1846-55;JOHN DOBSON started in 1863 .
The station which has a single span roof of 243 feet Length
The National Rail station has 12 platforms of 689 ft 100 ft above ground
Four Type AF High Friction Clamps fixing is used for roo
THE IRON MARKET PLACE
Covered Market , Berlin 1865-1868
City Market Hall, Paris
Galleria Vittoro Emmanuel Il, Milan
COVERED MARKET, BERLIN, Galleria Vittoro Emmanuel Il, Milan
it was originally designed in 1861 and built by
Giuseppe Mengoni between | 865 and 1877.
The street is covered over by an arching glass and cast
iron roof, a popular design for nineteenth-century
arcades .
The central octagonal space is topped with a glass
dome
CRYSTAL PALACE
LONDON
CRYSTAL PALACE
Architect: Joseph Paxton
Type: exhibition palace
Status: Destroyed
Completed: 1851
The Crystal Palace was a cast iron and plate glass
structure originally built in Hyde Park, London, to
house the Great Exhibition of 1851. The exhibition
took place from 1 May to 15 October 1851, and more
than 14,000 exhibitors from around the world
gathered in its 92,000 m2 exhibition space to display
examples of technology developed in the Industrial
Revolution.
CRYSTAL PALACE PLAN & ELEVATION
