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Lesson 2
はじめましょう！
 ● Demonstrative words
Negative statements
Things to Know
●
● Particle も
● How to use ~ね / ~よ
Grammar points ● Useful Expressions:
In the Classroom
Lesson 2-1:　これ、それ、あれ、どれ
this, that, that (over there), which (of 3 or more things)

こ (ko) そ (so) あ (a) ど (do)

~れ (re) これ (kore) それ (sore) あれ (are) どれ (dore)

this (ito) that (iyan) that over there (iyon) which (alin)

こ - refers to a thing near the speaker

そ - refers to a thing near the listener
あ - refers to a thing that is far from both speaker and listener.

Example: Aは Bです
What is that?
それは　なんですか。
sore wa nan desu ka.
iyan ay ano po ba?
 あれは　とけいです。
are wa tokei desu.
iyon ay orasan po

これは　いすです。
kore wa isu desu.
ito ay upuan po

それは　かばんです。
sore wa kaban desu.
iyan ay bag po
Lesson 2-1:　これ、それ、あれ、どれ
this, that, that (over there), which (of 3 or more things)

Question statement:

What is this? → これは　なんですか。

kore wa nan desu ka

that それ
sore

that (over there) あれ

are
Lesson 2-1:　これ、それ、あれ、どれ
this, that, that (over there), which (of 3 or more things)

A: What is that? それは　なんですか。

sore wa nan desu ka
iyan ay ano po ba?

B: This? It’s a dictionary. これですか。じしょです。

kore desu ka. jisho desu
ito po ba? diksyonaryo po
Lesson 2-1:　これ、それ、あれ、どれ
this, that, that (over there), which (of 3 or more things)

A: Which one is your pen? あなたの　ぺんは　どれですか。

anata no pen wa dore desu ka
iyong pen ay alin po ba?

B: It’s this one. これです。

kore desu
ito po
Lesson 2-2:　この、その、あの、どの
this, that, that (over there), which (of 3 or more things)

こ (ko) そ (so) あ (a) ど (do)

~の (no) + N この (kono) その (sono) あの (ano) どの (dono)

this (thing) that (thing) that (thing) over there which (thing)
“itong” “iyang” “iyong” “aling”

こ - refers to a thing near the speaker

そ - refers to a thing near the listener
あ - refers to a thing that is far from both speaker and listener.

Example: Aは Bです
This pen is mine.
kono pen wa watashi no desu.
itong pen ay akin po
Lesson 2-2:　Use of ~れ vs ~の

これ (kore): can stand alone

How much is this?

これは　いくらですか。
kore wa ikura desu ka
ito ay magkano po ba?

この (kono): always followed by a noun

How much is this watch?

この とけいは　いくらですか。
kono tokei wa ikura desu ka
itong relo ay magkano po ba?
Lesson 2-2:　Skit

A: How much is this watch?

この　とけいは　いくらですか。
kono tokei wa ikura desu ka
itong relo ay magkano po ba A B

B: That watch is 3,000 yen.

その　とけいは　さんぜんえんです。
sono tokei wa sanzen en desu
iyang relo ay 3,000 yen po

A: How about that watch (over there)?

あの　とけいは？
ano tokei wa
iyang relo ay?
Lesson 2-2:　Skit

B: Which watch?
どの　とけいですか。
dono tokei desu ka B
aling relo po ba? A
A: That white one.
あの　しろいのです。
ano shiroi no desu
iyong puti (puting relo) po

B: That is 3,500 yen.

あれは　さんぜんごひゃくえんです。
are wa sanzen gohyaku en desu
iyon ay 3,000 500 yen po
Lesson 2-3:　ここ、そこ、あそこ、どこ
here, there, over there, where

These are words for places and also works as a noun.

こ (ko) そ (so) あ (a) ど (do)

~こ (ko) ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あそこ (asoko) どこ (doko)

here there over there where

dito diyan doon saan
 エレベーターは　あそこです。
erebētā wa asoko desu
elevator ay doon po

へやは　ここです。 heya
wa koko desu. トイレは　そこです。
kwarto ay dito po toire wa soko desu.
banyo ay dyan po
Lesson 2-3:　ここ、そこ、あそこ、どこ
here, there, over there, where

You can ask for directions by saying:

Excuse me, where is the post office?

すみません、ゆうびんきょくは　どこですか。
sumimasen yuubinkyoku wa doko desu ka
post office ay saan po ba

If you are close by, you can point toward the post office and say:

(The post office is) right over there.

(ゆうびんきょくは)　あそこです。
yuubinkyoku wa asoko desu
doon po
Lesson 2-3:　こちら、そちら、あちら、どちら
this way, that way, that way over there, which way

~ちら (~chira) series is a politer version of ~こ (~ko) series.

The toilet is there.

トイレは　そこです。
toire wa soko desu

more polite:

The toilet is there.

トイレは　そちらです。
toire wa sochira desu
Lesson 2-3:　こちら、そちら、あちら、どちら
this way, that way, that way over there, which way

This also points out the direction of the place.

Which way is the restroom?

おてあらいは　どちらですか。 Where is the restroom? (polite)
otearai wa dochira desu ka

…That way.
…そちらです。
sochira desu
Lesson 2-3:　Demonstrative words

Here are the “ko, so, a, do” words:

こ series そ series あ series ど series

thing これ それ あれ どれ

nouns この N その N あの N どの N

place/location ここ そこ あそこ どこ

direction こちら そちら あちら どちら

place (polite)
Lesson 2-4:　だれの
whose (kanino)

We will now learn how to ask who something belongs to. The question word
for “who” is だれ, and for “whose” we simply add the particle の.

Example:

Whose bag is this? これは　だれの　かばんですか。

kore wa dare no kaban desu ka
ito ay kaninong bag po ba

…That is Sue’s bag. それは　スーさんの　かばんです。

sore wa su-san no kaban desu
iyan ay kay Sue na bag po
Lesson 2-5:　noun も
(noun) is also / (noun) too

も is added after a topic instead of は when the statement about the topic is
the same as the previous topic.
Lesson 2-5:　noun も
(noun) is also / (noun) too

も is added after a topic instead of は when the statement about the topic is
the same as the previous topic.

Takeshi is a Japanese (person). たけしさんは　にほんじんです。

Takeshisan wa nihonjin desu
ay hapon po

Michiko is Japanese, too. みちこさんも　にほんじんです。

Michikosan mo nihonjin desu
din hapon po
Lesson 2-5:　noun も
(noun) is also / (noun) too

“mo” cannot be used to describe situations like below:

Let’s say Sam has a dual citizenship, she is half-American and half-Japanese.
You would want to say :

Sam is not only Japanese but also American.

❌ Samu mo amerikajin desu
❌ Samu wa nihonjin mo desu
✔ Samu wa amerikajin demo arimasu
✔ Samu wa nihonjin demo ari, amerikajin demo arimasu.
Lesson 2-6:　noun じゃないです
(noun) is,am,are not

To negate a statement of the form “X wa Y desu”, you replace desu with

ja nai desu.

Mr. Yamada is a student. やまださんは　がくせいです。

Yamadasan wa gakusei desu
ay estudyante po

Mr. Yamada is not a student. やまださんは　がくせいじゃないです。

Yamadasan wa gakusei ja nai desu
ay estudyante hindi po
Other forms: polite to casual

something is (true): desu

de gozaimasu → desu → da

something is not (false): ja nai desu

dewa arimasen → ja arimasen → ja nai desu → ja nai

Other forms: polite to casual

Yamada is not a student.

やまださんは　がくせいでは　ありません。(formal, appropriate for writing)

Yamadasan wa gakusei dewa arimasen

やまださんは　がくせいじゃ　ありません。(more conservative speech style)

Yamadasan wa gakusei ja arimasen
Lesson 2-7:　~ね / ~よ

Statements often ends with tags “ne” or “yo”, depending on the way the
speaker views the interaction with the listener.

If the speaker seeks confirmation or agreement form the listener, then ね

can be added. (“right?” or “isn’t it?”)

Ms. Lee, your major is Literature, right?

リーさんの　せんこうは　ぶんがくですね。
ri-san no senkou wa bungaku desu ne
Lesson 2-7:　~ね / ~よ

Another particle, よ (“I tell you”), is added to the statement if the speaker
wants to assure the listener of what has been said.

A: Is tonkatsu a fish?
とんかつは　さかなですか。
tonkatsu wa sakana desu ka

B: Tonkatsu is not a fish. (let me assure you/fyi)

とんかつは　さかなじゃないですよ。
tonkatsu wa sakana ja nai desu yo
Lesson 2-7:　~ね / ~よ

or when you give them new information that they don’t know:

That’s dangerous! あぶないですよ。

abunai desu yo
delikado po !

A: Does this (train) go to Kyoto?

この　でんしゃは　きょうとへ　いきますか。
kono densha wa kyouto e ikimasu ka
B: No, the next train does.
いいえ、つぎの　でんしゃですよ。 → for you to know
iie tsugi no densha desu yo
ひょうげんノート
Expression Notes
おおきなすうじのかぞえかた (How to count large numbers)
ookina suuji no kazoekata

hundred - ひゃく

100 - ひゃく (hyaku) 101 = 100 + 1

200 - にひゃく (nihyaku) hyaku ichi
300 - さんびゃく (sambyaku) 250 = 200 + 50
400 - よんひゃく (yonhyaku) nihyaku gojuu
500 - ごひゃく (gohyaku) 350 = 300 + 50
600 - ろっぴゃく (roppyaku) sanbyaku gojuu
700 - ななひゃく (nanahyaku) 351 = 300 + 50 + 1
800 - はっぴゃく (happyaku) sanbyaku gojuu ichi
900 - きゅうひゃく(kyuuhyaku)
おおきなすうじのかぞえかた (How to count large numbers)
ookina suuji no kazoekata

thousand - せん

1,000 - せん (sen) 1,001 = 1,000 + 1

2,000 - にせん (nisen) sen ichi
3,000 - さんぜん (sanzen) 2,050 = 2,000 + 50
4,000 - よんせん (yonsen) nisen gojuu
5,000 - ごせん (gosen) 3,050 = 3,000 + 50
6,000 - ろくせん (rokusen) sanzen gojuu
7,000 - ななせん (nanasen) 3,501 = 3,000 + 500 + 1
8,000 - はっせん (hassen) sanzen gohyaku ichi
9,000 - きゅうせん (kyuusen)
おおきなすうじのかぞえかた (How to count large numbers)
ookina suuji no kazoekata

more than 10,000:

10,000 - いちまん (ichiman) “isang lapad”

100,000 - じゅうまん (juuman)
1,000,000 - ひゃくまん (hyakuman)
10,000,000 - せんまん (senman)
100,000,000 - いちおく (ichioku)
Table for counting large numbers:

For 1 values under [sen-hyaku-juu] , you don't say "ichi":

e.g. 123 - hyaku nijuu san
100 is hyaku and not ichihyaku
20 - nijuu How to use the table in reading the numbers:
3 - san 1. read the number (e.g. kyuu)
2. then the reading above (e.g. man)
For 1 values under [choo/oku/man] , 1 is present: 3. proceed to the next number (e.g. hyaku)
10,000 - ichi man 4. repeat the process
100,000,000 - ichi oku

For 0 values under [sen-hyaku-juu], you skip it as it has no value:

e.g. 90,123 - kyuuman hyaku nijuu san
You can also do this method:
れんしゅう
Practice

p. 69
Useful Expressions
In the Classroom
wakarimashita ka
- do you understand?
wakarimashita
- I understand/understood
wakarimasen
- I don’t understand
I don’t know
yukkuri itte kudasai
- Please say it slowly.
mou ichido itte kudasai
- Please say it again.
chotto matte kudasai
- Please wait.
kiite kudasai
- Please listen/ask
10 pe-ji o mite kudasai
- please look at page 10
いじょうです
That’s all. 😊