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16 Tenses

The document discusses the 12 tenses in English - simple present, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, simple past, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, simple future, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. For each tense, it provides the formula, examples of positive, negative and question sentences, and common time signals used with that tense.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
57 views5 pages

16 Tenses

The document discusses the 12 tenses in English - simple present, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, simple past, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, simple future, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. For each tense, it provides the formula, examples of positive, negative and question sentences, and common time signals used with that tense.

Uploaded by

BAI Batang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TENSES

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect continous


Present I eat I am eating I have eaten I have been eating
Past I ate I was eating I had eaten I had been eating
Future I will eat I will be eating I will have eaten I will have been eating
Past Future I would eat I would be eating I would have eaten I would have been eating

1. Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Biasanya, simple present tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan fakta, menceritakan suatu kejadian, atau
kebiasaan yang terjadi di masa sekarang.

Time signal : always, sometimes, seldom, never, every ....., now and then, occasionally , on and off , once in a
while, once a week etc.

Rumus yang digunakan untuk membentuk simple present tense:

Subject + Verb 1 (Present Form)

 Contoh Kalimat Positif (Positive): “They speak Korean very well.”

 Contoh Kalimat Negatif (Negative): “They don’t speak Korean.”

 Contoh Kalimat Tanya (Question): "Do they speak Korean?"

2. Present Continuous Tense

Berbeda dengan simple present tense, present continuous tense digunakan untuk menceritakan
kejadian yang sedang berlangsung waktu kamu berbicara. Selain itu, tense yang satu ini juga bisa digunakan
untuk menceritakan rencana di masa depan. Untuk tenses ini, terdapat perubahan bentuk verb dengan
penambahan -ing pada bagian akhir. Salah satu kata keterangan waktu yang banyak digunakan dalam tense ini
adalah now.

Time signal : now, right now, sekarang ini, sekarang juga, at present, at this moment etc.

Rumus: Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “She is working on her homework now.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “She is not working on her homework now.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Is she working on her homework now?”

 Contoh Kalimat (To tell future plans): “Mark is moving to a new school next month.”

3. Present Perfect Tense

Umumnya, present perfect tense adalah tense untuk menceritakan suatu tindakan atau aksi yang
sedang berjalan atau baru saja selesai. Present perfect tense cenderung menaruh penekanan pada dampak
dari suatu aksi yang sudah selesai dilakukan. Tentunya, dampak tersebut harus masih bisa dirasakan sampai
saat ini.

Time signal : once, twice, three times , many times ,several times ,this week, already , just, not yet, as yet ,so
far, up to now, lately , recently , finally , at last, since , for an hour , for two years , never etc

Rumus: Subject + has/have + Verb 3 (Past Participle Form)

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “They have seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “They have not seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Have they seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home?”

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang sudah selesai
dilakukan pada suatu titik di masa lampau dan masih berlanjut sampai saat ini. Gimana? Kamu pasti dapat
memahaminya dengan mudah, bukan?

Time signal : until now, up to now, all my life, since ....., for.......... etc.

Rumus: Subject + has/have + been + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “I have been thinking about it.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “I have not been thinking about it.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Have I been thinking about it?”

5. Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense ini adalah kebalikan dari simple present tense. Dalam hal ini, simple past
tense digunakan untuk menceritakan suatu kejadian, kebiasaan, menyatakan fakta, atau situasi yang terjadi di
masa lampau. Tense ini menggunakan kata kerja bentuk kedua atau lampau. Kata keterangan waktu yang biasa
digunakan dalam tense ini adalah yesterday, two days ago, dan masih banyak lagi.

Time signal : yesterday, last.............., .......... ago, in 1997, the day before yesterday etc.

Rumus: Subject + Verb II (Past Form)

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): "They called their friends yesterday."

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “They did not call their friends yesterday.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Did they call their friends yesterday?”

6. Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense untuk menceritakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi di
masa lampau. Tetapi, nggak cuma satu, past continuous tense juga dapat digunakan untuk menceritakan dua
kejadian yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau. Jadi, ada satu aktivitas dibarengi dengan aktivitas yang lain.

Time signal : at the same time yesterday, yesterday morning etc

Rumus yang umum dipakai: Subject + was/were + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “I was washing my clothes when the phone rang.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “I was not washing my clothes when the phone rang.”
 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Was I washing my clothes when the phone rang?”

7. Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu
di masa lampau. Seringkali, past perfect tense lebih menaruh penekanan pada fakta bahwa sesuatu sudah
terjadi dan bukan pada durasi.

Rumus: Subject + had + Verb 3 (Past Participle Form)

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “The girl had cried before her mother came.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “The girl had not cried before her mother came.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Had the girl cried before her mother came?”

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menceritakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lalu dan sudah selesai pada
titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Berbeda dengan past perfect tense, past perfect continuous tense lebih
menaruh penekanan pada durasi terjadinya sesuatu.

Rumus: Subject + had + been + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “She had been studying math all day.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “She had not been studying math all day.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Had she been studying math all day?”

9. Simple Future Tense

Pada dasarnya, simple future tense digunakan untuk menceritakan suatu kejadian yang akan terjadi di
masa yang akan datang. Namun, selain itu, tense yang satu ini juga bisa digunakan untuk menceritakan keputusan
di masa depan yang spontan atau mengekspresikan prediksi yang berhubungan dengan waktu yang akan datang.

Time signal : tomorrow, later, next ...... etc.

Susunan rumus: Subject + will/be going to + Verb 1 (Present Form)

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “She will come to the cinema tomorrow.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “She will not come to the cinema tomorrow.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Will she come to the cinema tomorrow?”

10. Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense digunakan untuk menceritakan suatu kejadian yang pasti akan terjadi dalam
waktu dekat. Berbeda dengan simple future tense, future continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk
menceritakan sesuatu yang akan (pasti) terjadi di masa depan.

Rumus: Subject + will + be + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “He will be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow morning.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “He will not be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow morning.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Will he be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow morning?”
11. Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa ada suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan dan
diselesaikan pada waktu tertentu di masa depan. Secara sederhana, penggunaan future perfect tense ini
adalah bentuk kata untuk menunjukkan kehendak seseorang yang berhubungan dengan masa depan.

Time signal : by the end of (time), at the end of (time), by the time, for .......etc.

Rumus: Subject + will have + Verbs 3 (Past Participle Form)

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “I will have finished my homework by tomorrow.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “I will not have finished my homework by tomorrow.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Will she have finished her homework by tomorrow?”

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu gambaran aksi yang akan
berlanjut sampai titik waktu tertentu di masa depan. Dalam hal ini, aksi tersebut bisa saja dimulai pada masa
lalu, sekarang, atau di masa depan dan diperkirakan akan berlanjut.

Time signal : by (time) ........for ....., by the end of (time) .... for), at the end of (time) ..... for ..... etc.

Rumus: Subject + will + have + been + Verb -ing

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “In December, I will have been working at my company for one year.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “I will not have been working at my company for one year in December.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “In December, will you have been working at your company for one year?”

13. Simple Past Future Tense

Past future tense digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat tentang masa depan dari sudut pandang masa
lalu. Secara spesifik, past future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang akan dilakukan, membuat
prediksi, hingga membuat janji di masa depan pada saat berada di masa lalu. Umumnya, tense yang satu ini
ditemukan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung atau reported speech.

Rumus: Subject + would + Bare Infinitive atau Subject + was/were + going to + Bare Infinitive

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “She would forgive you” atau “Giselle was going to give one beautiful bag
to her best friend.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “She would not forgive you” atau “Giselle wasn’t going to give one
beautiful bag to her best friend.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): "Would she forgive you?" atau “Was Giselle going to give one beautiful
bag to her best friend?”

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

Past future continuous tense, fungsi tense ini adalah untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang akan
terjadi di masa lalu. Namun, peristiwa yang ada di cerita tersebut tidak dapat menjadi nyata karena satu dan
lain hal yang terjadi di masa lalu.

Rumus: Subject + would + be + Verb -ing

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “I would be studying at your house yesterday, but I didn’t because I got
sick.”
 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “Anna would not be dying if she came to the hospital earlier.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Would you be letting me see your painting?”

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

Past future perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kegiatan yang seharusnya sudah
selesai di masa lalu. Namun, sama seperti past future continuous tense, aktivitas tersebut tidak terselesaikan
karena satu dan lain hal yang terjadi di masa lalu. Bersanding dengan past perfect tense, tense yang satu ini
juga bisa digunakan untuk membuat kalimat conditional type 3.

Rumus: Subject + would + have + Verb 3

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “Mina would have finished her homework if she hadn’t gone shopping.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “People would not have known about BTS if there were no fans behind
them.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Would you have finished your homework before tomorrow afternoon?”

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan tentang hal atau kegiatan yang
akan, sedang, dan telah dilakukan di masa lalu. Biasanya, terdapat lebih dari satu keterangan waktu
dalam tense yang satu ini. Catatannya, past future perfect continuous tense berbentuk asumsi atau
pengandaian belaka.

Rumus: Subject + would + have been + Verb -ing

 Contoh Kalimat (Positive): “I would have been working in leading companies for six years.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Negative): “I would not have been working in leading companies for six years.”

 Contoh Kalimat (Question): “Would you have been working in leading companies for six years?”

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