16 TENSES DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS : PENGERTIAN , RUMUS DAN CONTOH
Oleh:
ADJIE SAKA
Kelas : VI SD
SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 101764 PERCUT SEI TUAN
16 TENSES DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS
Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja (verb) dalam bahasa Inggris yang menunjukkan waktu
terjadinya suatu peristiwa atau keadaan, serta kadang-kadang juga menunjukkan sifat kejadian
tersebut (apakah selesai, sedang berlangsung, atau akan terjadi). Kata "tenses" sendiri berasal dari
bahasa Latin tempus, yang berarti waktu. Jadi, intinya, tenses membantu kita memahami kapan
sesuatu terjadi dan bagaimana kejadian itu berlangsung.
Dalam bahasa Inggris, tenses dibagi berdasarkan tiga waktu utama :
1. Present (sekarang)
2. Past (lampau)
3. Future (masa depan)
Tapi, tenses bukan soal waktu saja. Ada juga aspek lain yang memengaruhi, yaitu :
1. Simple: Kejadian biasa atau fakta umum.
2. Continuous/Progressive: Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung.
3. Perfect: Kejadian yang sudah selesai atau punya dampak sampai waktu tertentu.
4. Perfect Continuous: Kombinasi selesai dan sedang berlangsung dalam durasi tertentu.
Dari kombinasi waktu dan aspek ini, muncullah 16 tenses, yaitu :
1. Simple Present Tense
a. Pengertian :
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan, fakta umum, atau keadaan yang berlaku saat ini.
b. Rumus:
(+) Subject + Verb1 (tambah -s/-es jika subjek he, she, it)
(-) Subject + do/does + not + Verb1
(?) Do/Does + Subject + Verb1?
c. Contoh :
(+) He plays basketball every weekend.
(-) He does not play basketball every weekend.
(?) Does he play basketball every weekend?
2. Present Continuous Tense
a. Pengertian:
Menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb-ing
(?) Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing?
c. Contoh :
(+) They are singing a song right now.
(-) They are not singing a song right now.
(?) Are they singing a song right now?
3. Present Perfect Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan sesuatu yang telah selesai dilakukan atau pengalaman hingga saat ini.
b. Rumus:
(+) Subject + have/has + Verb3
(-) Subject + have/has + not + Verb3
(?) Have/Has + Subject + Verb3?
c. Contoh :
(+) I have finished my homework already.
(-) I have not finished my homework already.
(?) Have I finished my homework already?
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan aktivitas yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga
sekarang.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + have/has + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + have/has + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Have/Has + Subject + been + Verb-ing?
c. Contoh :
(+) She has been reading a book all morning.
(-) She has not been reading a book all morning.
(?) Has she been reading a book all morning?
5. Simple Past Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai di masa lalu.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + Verb2
(-) Subject + did + not + Verb1
(?) Did + Subject + Verb1?
c. Contoh :
(+) We visited the zoo last Sunday.
(-) We did not visit the zoo last Sunday.
(?) Did we visit the zoo last Sunday?
6. Past Continuous Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + was/were + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing
(?) Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing?
c. Contoh :
(+) He was painting the house yesterday.
(-) He was not painting the house yesterday.
(?) Was he painting the house yesterday?
7. Past Perfect Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan kejadian yang selesai sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + had + Verb3
(-) Subject + had + not + Verb3
(?) Had + Subject + Verb3?
c. Contoh :
(+) They had eaten dinner before the movie started.
(-) They had not eaten dinner before the movie started.
(?) Had they eaten dinner before the movie started?
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan aktivitas yang sudah berlangsung selama beberapa waktu sebelum
kejadian lain di masa lalu.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + had + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing?
c. Contoh :
(+) I had been working on the project for hours.
(-) I had not been working on the project for hours.
(?) Had I been working on the project for hours?
9. Simple Future Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + will + Verb1
(-) Subject + will + not + Verb1
(?) Will + Subject + Verb1?
c. Contoh :
(+) She will travel to Japan next month.
(-) She will not travel to Japan next month.
(?) Will she travel to Japan next month?
10. Future Continuous Tense
a. Pengertian:
Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa depan.
b. Rumus:
(+) Subject + will + be + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + will + not + be + Verb-ing
(?) Will + Subject + be + Verb-ing?
c. Contoh :
(+) We will be watching a movie tonight.
(-) We will not be watching a movie tonight.
(?) Will we be watching a movie tonight?
11. Future Perfect Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan kejadian yang akan selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan.
b. Rumus:
(+) Subject + will + have + Verb3
(-) Subject + will + not + have + Verb3
(?) Will + Subject + have + Verb3?
c. Contoh :
(+) He will have completed the task by tomorrow.
(-) He will not have completed the task by tomorrow.
(?) Will he have completed the task by tomorrow?
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
a. Pengertian:
Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sudah berlangsung selama beberapa waktu di masa
depan.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + will + have + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + will + not + have + been + Verb-ing
(?) Will + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing?
c. Contoh :
(+) They will have been studying for three hours by noon.
(-) They will not have been studying for three hours by noon.
(?) Will they have been studying for three hours by noon?
13. Simple Past Future Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan rencana atau kejadian yang akan dilakukan di masa lalu (biasanya dalam
kalimat tidak langsung).
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + would + Verb1
(-) Subject + would + not + Verb1
(?) Would + Subject + Verb1?
c. Contoh :
(+) I would buy a new phone if I had money.
(-) I would not buy a new phone if I had money.
(?) Would I buy a new phone if I had money?
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa lalu.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + would + be + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + would + not + be + Verb-ing
(?) Would + Subject + be + Verb-ing?
c. Contoh :
(+) She would be cooking dinner at this time yesterday.
(-) She would not be cooking dinner at this time yesterday.
(?) Would she be cooking dinner at this time yesterday?
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan kejadian yang akan telah selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + would + have + Verb3
(-) Subject + would + not + have + Verb3
(?) Would + Subject + have + Verb3?
c. Contoh :
(+) We would have arrived by 5 PM if we left early.
(-) We would not have arrived by 5 PM if we left early.
(?) Would we have arrived by 5 PM if we left early?
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
a. Pengertian :
Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah berlangsung selama beberapa waktu sebelum
waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
b. Rumus :
(+) Subject + would + have + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject + would + not + have + been + Verb-ing
(?) Would + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing?
c. Contoh :
(+) He would have been running for an hour by then.
(-) He would not have been running for an hour by then.
(?) Would he have been running for an hour by then?
