All lecture of practical
OSPE file
Red: questions.
Dark red: very important.
Black: complete answers.
Gray: notes|extra.
Editing File
➢You should know before the exam:
• The diagrams in these slides are going to be the same
in the exam however, it may not be coloured.
• You have to mention the full name always and don’t
use shortcuts you could lose marks because of that.
• The Arrows in the diagrams are very important .
• So please study them well.
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
CELL STRUCTURE
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Nucleus
Q1- Identify the structure?
Nucleus
Nuclear
Q2- Location of:
• Heterochromatin (dark and inactive)
envelop
• Euchromatin (pale and active)
Heterochromatin
• Nuclear pore (openings in the nuclear envelope)
Nucleolus
• Nuclear envelope (lining the nucleus)
• Nucleolus (the biggest dark region in the nucleus)
Q3- What is the function of nucleolus? Euchromatin
Formation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is responsible for
protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
Q4- What is the function of nucleus? Nuclear pore
• It is the site of formation of the three types of RNA
• It is essential for the vitality and division of the cell
• It is the site of storage of genetic information
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Cell membranes (trilaminar appearance)
Q1- Identify the structure?
Cell membrane
Q2- What is the function of it?
Selective barrier
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Mitochondria
Q1- Identify the structure?
Mitochondria
Q2- What are Characteristics of it?
• Rod-shaped
• It has 2 membranes
Q3- What is the function of it?
1) Generation of ATP “the are called the power house”
2) The can form their own proteins and undergo self replication,
because they have their own DNA
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Golgi Apparatus
Q1- Identify the structure?
Golgi apparatus
Q2- What is the function of it?
1. Sorting, modification & packaging of proteins
2. Secretory vesicles formation
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Q1- Identify the structure?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Q2- What are Characteristics of it?
Membranous tubules and vesicles, with no ribosomes of the
surface
Q3- What is the function of it?
1) Synthesis of lipids & cholesterol
2) Detoxification from drugs and toxins
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Q1- Identify the structure?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Q2- What are Characteristics of it? Ribosomes
Membranous sheets of flattened tubules & vesicles with
ribosomes on the surface (small black dots)
Q3- What is the function of it?
• Synthesis of proteins by ribosomes on its outer surface
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Centrioles
Q1- Identify the structure?
centrioles
Q2- What are Characteristics of it?
• 2 cylinders which are perpendicular to each other
• *their wall is made of 9 triplets of microtubules (9x3 = 27)
• Non membranous organelle
Q3- What is the function of it?
• Essential for cell division
• Formation of cilia and flagella
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Cilia
Q1- Identify the structure?
cilia
microtubules
Q2- What are Characteristics of it?
(9 doublets & 2 central singlets )
Hair like striations on the free surface of some cells
*Shaft form of 9 doublets & 2 central singlets of microtubules (9x2 + 2 = 20)
Q3- What is the function of it?
Movement of particles or fluids in one direction
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Microvilli
Q1- Identify the structure?
microvilli
Q2- What are Characteristics of it?
Cylindrical cytoplasmic projections of apical surface
to increase surface area
*they contain actin filament (microfilaments)
Q3- What is the function of it?
Increase surface area for more absorption
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Simple squamous epithelium
Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?
Simple squamous epithelium
Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?
• Endothelium of Aorta
• Alveoli of lungs
Q3- What are Characteristics of it?
• One layer
• Flat cells
• Flat nuclei
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Simple Cuboidal epithelium
Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?
Thyroid gland (follicles)
Q3- What are Characteristics of it?
• One layer
• cuboidal cells
• Round central nuclei
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Simple Columnar epithelium
Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?
Goblet cells
Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?
• GIT – small intestine (with goblet cell)
• GIT - stomach and gall bladder (without goblet cell)
Q3- What is the function of the pointed area?
Secreting mucus
Q4- What are Characteristics of it?
• One layer
• columnar cells
• basal oval nuclei
• Goblet cell
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium
“ciliated with goblet cells”
Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?
Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium “ciliated with goblet cells”
Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?
• Trachea
• bronchi
Q3- What are Characteristics of it?
• One layer
• columnar cells
• Nuclei appear at different levels
• All cells rest on basement membrane
• Some are tall, others are short that can't make to surface
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Stratified squamous epithelium keratinized
Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?
Epidermis of skin
Q3- What are Characteristics of it?
• multiple layers
• basal cells: columnar, basal oval nuclei
• Intermediate cells: polygonal , central rounded nuclei
• Surface cells: flat, flattened nuclei
• With layer of keratin on the surface
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Stratified squamous epithelium
non keratinized
Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?
Esophagus
Q3- What are Characteristics of it?
• multiple layers
• basal cells: columnar, basal oval nuclei
• Intermediate cells: polygonal , central rounded nuclei
• Surface cells: flat, flattened nuclei
• Without a layer of keratin on the surface
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Transitional epithelium
Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?
Transitional epithelium
Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?
Urinary bladder
Q3- What are Characteristics of it?
• multiple layers
• basal cells: columnar
• Intermediate cells: polygonal
• Surface cells: large cuboidal with convex free surface
maybe binucleated
• With layer of keratin on the surface
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
*Not important but might be in pathology questions
Squamous metaplasia
• From pseudostratified columnar ciliates epithelium to
stratified squamous epithelium
• In trachea
• Metaplasia: change from simple into stratified squamous
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Dense collagenous regular connective tissue
Q1- Identify the structure?
Dense collagenous regular connective tissue
Q2- What is the type of fibers?
Collagen fiber (Collagen type I)
Q3- What is the type of cells?
Fibroblast cells
Q4- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?
• Tendons
• ligaments
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Elastic connective tissue
Elastic adipose
connective connective
tissue tissue
Q1- Identify the structure?
Elastic connective tissue
Q2- What is the type of cells?
Fibroblast cells
Q3- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?
Aorta
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Adipose connective tissue
Q1- Identify the type of connective tissue?
Adipose connective tissue
Q2- What is the type of epithelium?
Adipocyte
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Reticular connective tissue
Q1- Identify the type of connective tissue?
Reticular connective tissue (Collagen type III)
Q2- mention the organ?
• Lymph node
• spleen
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Plasma cell
Q1- Identify the type of the cell?
Plasma cell (clock-face nucleus)
Q2- What is the function of it?
Secretion of Antibodies Negative
Golgi
Q3- What is the type of cytoplasm?
Basophilic cytoplasm Appearance
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Mast cell
Q1- Identify the type of the cell?
Mast cell
Q2- What is the function of it?
• Secretion of Histamine
• Secretion of heparin
Q3- What is the type of cytoplasm?
Basophilic cytoplasm-coarse secretory granules
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
LYMPHOID TISSUE
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Lymph node
capsule
Lymphatic
Q1- Identify the structure?
Lymph node
nodule
(follicle)
Q2- Show the structure of:
• Cortex (Has lymphatic nodules)
• Paracortex septa
• Medulla (rich in lymphatic sinuses) cortex
paracortex
Meddlla
cortex
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Thymus
Q1- Identify the structure?
Thymus (incomplete septum)
Q2- Show the structure of thymic lobule:
• Cortex
• Medulla (Hassall's corpuscles) Cortex
(dark area)
Medulla
(pale area)
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
Palatine tonsil
Q1- Identify the structure?
Palatine tonsil (incomplete capsule)
Q2- What is the type of epithelium?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Crypt
Follicle
Follicle
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
" لنكن يد ًا بيد لريى العامل اجنازاتنا
" وحت ّملوا شقاء اليوم ألجل حمل الغد
Team leaders :
Rawan Mohammad Alharbi
Khalid Fayez Alshehri
Twitter.com/Histology437
HistologyTeam437@gmail.com
Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block
