The Criminal Offences (Sentencing and

Execution) Act, 2017 (2074)

Date of Authentication:

16 October 2017 (2074.6.30)

Act Number 38 of the year 2017 (2074)

An Act Made to Provide for Determination and Execution of

Sentences for Criminal Offences

Preamble: Whereas it is expedient to make legal provisions for the

determination of appropriate sentences for offenders who commit
criminal offences and the execution of such sentences, in order to
maintain the interest and decency of the general public by creating a just,
peaceful and safe society;

Now, therefore, the Legislature-Parliament under clause (1) of

Article 296 of the Constitution of Nepal has made this Act.

Chapter – 1

Preliminary

1. Short title and commencement: (1) This Act is cited as the

"Criminal Offenses (Sentencing and Execution) Act, 2017
(2074)".

(2) Clauses (d), (e), (f) and (g) of Section 17, Sections
22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 49 of this Act shall come into
force on a date appointed by the Government of Nepal by a

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 notification in the Nepal Gazette, and the other Sections shall
come into force on the first date of the month of Bhadra 2075
(……….).

2. Definitions: Unless the subject or context otherwise requires, in

this Act,-

(a) "Penal Code" means the National Penal (Code) Act,

2017;

(b) "offender" means a person who is convicted by a

court of any offense;

(c) "law" means a law in force for the time being;

(d) "prescribed" or "as prescribed" means prescribed or as

prescribed in the rules framed under this Act;

(e) "probation officer" means a probation officer

appointed or designated pursuant to Section 49;

(f) "Probation and Parole Board" means the probation

and parole board under Section 38;

(g) "Criminal Procedure Code" means the National

Criminal Procedure (Code) Act, 2017;

(h) "Committee" means the sentence recommendation

committee under Section 46.

3. Application of the Act: (1) This Act shall apply to the

determination by a court of a sentence for any offence and
execution thereof.

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(2) This Act shall not apply to the following:

(a) imposing a sentence for an offence relating to

the contempt of court,

(b) imposing a sentence for a breach of the

privilege, proceeding of which has been
instituted by the Legislature-Parliament,

(c) in cases where any law provides for the non-

applicability of this Act.

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 Chapter – 2

General Principles of Sentencing

4. Application of provisions of the Penal Code and Criminal

Procedure Code: (1) This Act shall be implemented subject to the
Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code.

(2) Wherever used in this Act, the several terms defined

in the Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code shall have the
respective meanings therein set forth.

(3) The principles set forth in the Penal Code shall also
be applicable to the implementation of this Act.

5. Lesser sentence to be imposed: If any offence is punishable by

law with a sentence that is lesser at the time of sentencing than the
sentence at the time of commission of the offence, sentence shall
be so determined that it is the lesser.

6. Sentence under other law to be determined: If any law provides

for a sentence of imprisonment for a fixed term or a sentence of a
fine or penalty of fixed amount for any offence, the offender of
such offence shall be subjected to such imprisonment, fine or
penalty accordingly.

7. Sentence to be imposed under this Act: Except for the cases set
forth in Section 6, sentence for any offence shall be determined
pursuant to this Act.

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8. Sentence to be determined after conviction: (1) A court shall
determine a sentence to any person for any offense only after such
person is convicted of such offence by the court in accordance
with law.

(2) Sentence shall be determined pursuant to sub-section

(1) not later than thirty days of the conviction.

9. Separate hearing to be conducted: (1) A sentence shall be

determined for an offender pursuant to Section 8 by conducting a
separate hearing.

Provided that no separate hearing shall be required for

determining sentence for an offender of an offense punishable by
sentence of imprisonment for up to three years or fine of up to
thirty thousand rupees.

(2) Except in cases where a judge who declared

conviction has died, retired or become unable to discharge duties
because of a severe disease, the same judge himself or herself
shall, in any other circumstance whatsoever, determine the
sentence by conducting a hearing under sub-section (1).

10. Sentence to be determined by conducting hearing in open

bench: (1) Sentence shall be determined in open bench for an
offender of a case other than a case that is required by law to be
heard in camera.

(2) Sentence shall be determined under sub-section (1)

in presence of the offender or his or her legal practitioner as well.

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 (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section
(2), nothing shall bar the determination of a sentence under this
Act even if the offender cannot be produced before the court for
reason of security or public interest or the offender refuses to
appear before the court or the offender is absconding or legal
practitioner of the offender is not present.

(4) An offender who cannot be produced before the court

under sub-section (3) may be produced through video-
conferencing; and where an offender is so produced, the offender
shall be deemed to have appeared before the court for the purpose
of this Section.

11. More than one sentence not to be executed: (1) In determining a

sentence for an offender who has committed more than one
offense in a single incident, each offence shall be deemed to have
been committed separately and separate sentence shall be
determined for the same.

Provided that where sentence for more than one offence

committed at the same time is to be executed, the sentence for
the offense carrying the maximum sentence shall be executed.

(2) If two or more acts constitute an offence and any one

of such acts is itself a separate offense, only the sentence for the
offence carrying the maximum punishment shall be imposed.

(3) If an act constitutes separate offenses under the

different Acts, the sentence provided by the Act which is the
highest of the sentences under such Acts shall be executed.

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 Provided that in determining the sentence, separate sentence
shall be determined for each offense.

Explanation: For the purposes of this Section,

imprisonment and fine shall be considered separate sentences and
executed separately.

9. Order to be given to prepare pre-sentence report: (1) If, prior

to determining the sentence for an offense punishable by
imprisonment for more than three years or fine of more than thirty
thousand rupees, the court thinks so necessary, it may order a
probation officer or parole officer to prepare a pre-sentence report
in respect of the offender.

(2) Upon receipt of the order pursuant to sub-section (1), the

probation officer or parole officer shall prepare a report in respect
of the offender, setting out the following matters:

(a) personal, social and cultural background of the

offender,

(b) circumstances surrounding the commission of

the offence,

(c) the offender's conduct before the commission

of the offence,

(d) the offender's age,

(e) such other matters as considered necessary by

the probation officer or parole officer.

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 (3) After the preparation of the report under sub-section (2),
the probation officer or parole officer shall submit such report to
the court.

(4) Upon receipt of the report under sub-section (3), the

court shall provide the report to the concerned government
attorney, offender and his or her legal practitioner and, if the
offender is a child, to his or her guardian.

(5) Upon receipt of the report under sub-section (4), such

government attorney, offender, guardian or legal practitioner may
submit his or her opinion on that report to the Court.

(6) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this

Section, in cases where the probation officer or parole officer is
not designated or appointed, the court shall order the legal
practitioners of the plaintiff and the defendant to prepare the report
under sub-section (1).

(7) Upon receipt of the order under sub-section (6), such

legal practitioner shall prepare and submit such report to the
Court.

13. Purposes of sentencing to be taken into account: The court shall

determine the sentence by taking into account all or any of the
following purposes:

(a) to deter the offender or other persons from

committing the offence,

(b) to protect the society or community,

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 (c) to deliver justice, along with compensation, to the
victim,

(d) to assist in the offender's rehabilitation in the society,

or to reform the offender,

(e) to isolate the offender from the society,

(f) to make the offender regret his or her offending and

promote in the offender of a sense of
acknowledgement that harm has been done to the
victim or the community,

(g) to denounce the conduct prohibited by law.

14. Matters to be taken into account in determining sentence: The

court shall determine a sentence by taking into account the
following matters:

(a) sentence should not be disproportionate to the gravity

of the offence and the degree of culpability of the
offender,

(b) sentence should not be more severe than is necessary

to achieve the purposes of sentencing,

(c) sentence should not be incompatible with or unequal

to the sentence previously imposed on another
offender of the offence committed in similar
circumstances,

(d) in determining a sentence for two offences or

imposing a sentence for another offence on an

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 offender who is serving a sentence for one offence,
the overall sentence should not be unjust and
disproportionate,

(e) sentence of imprisonment should not be imposed

where other sentence seems to be adequate in
proportion to the offense.

15. Grounds for determining sentence: (1) A sentence shall be

determined pursuant to this Act on the following grounds:

(a) the gravity of the offence and the degree of

culpability of the offender,

(b) the circumstances surrounding the commission

of offense,

(c) the gravity of the offence aggravating or

mitigating factors,

(d) the offender's conduct and previous activities,

(e) purposes of the sentencing set forth in Section

13.

(2) In determining a sentence pursuant to sub-section (1),

the sentence shall be determined as follows:

(a) the sentence of imprisonment for an offender

who commits a heinous or grave offence,

(b) in sentencing a child, his or her reform and

rehabilitation,

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 (c) for a recidivist, a sentence that is double the
sentence imposable for the last offense
committed,

(d) the sentence of imprisonment for an offender

who is dangerous to the society or the
community,

(e) for an offender who, being a holder of a

position or authority in any government office
or public or body corporate, commits an
offence by abusing such position or authority,
the sentence that is one and half of the sentence
imposable on such offence.

16. Matters to be taken into account in sentencing a child: (1) In

imposing a sentence on a child, the following matters shall also be
taken into account:

(a) his or her best interests,

(b) the gravity of the offence and the degree of

culpability,

(c) his or her personal circumstances,

Explanation: For the purposes of this clause,

"personal circumstances" includes the age,
education, family and social condition of the
child, type of the offense, harm caused by the
offense and the objective of the commission of
the offence.

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 (d) compensation offered to the victim,

(e) remorse shown for the offence,

(f) desire for living a good and useful life.

(2) In imposing a sentence on a child below sixteen years

of age, the sentence of imprisonment shall not be imposed except
in cases where the child has committed a heinous or grave
offence or is a recidivist.

17. Matters to be set out in determining sentence: (1) In

determining a sentence pursuant to this Act, the following matters
shall be set out in the decision or order:

(a) the reason for awarding the sentence,

(b) in the case of determination of the sentence of fine,

the amount of fine to be paid by the offender, the date
for payment of the fine, whether the fine is payable
by installments, the sentence of imprisonment
imposable for failure to pay the fine,

(c) in the case of determination of the sentence of

imprisonment, the term of imprisonment, the date of
being held in custody, the date of completion of the
service of imprisonment,

(d) in the case of a community service order, the type,

period and time of the service, and sentence
imposable for failure to do the service,

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(e) in the case of determination of the sentence of
imprisonment in a reform home or rehabilitation
center, the period of stay in such home or center, the
terms and conditions to be complied with and
sentence imposable for failure to comply with such
terms and conditions,

(f) whether the offender can be released on parole or not,

(g) if imprisonment is capable of suspension, the period

of such suspension,

(h) if compensation is to be made, the amount of

compensation, period and procedure for making
compensation, and sentence imposable for failure to
make compensation,

(i) in the case of conditional suspension of sentence for a

child under sub-section (5) of Section 24, sentence
imposable for violation of such condition,

(j) such other necessary matters as the court thinks

appropriate.

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 Chapter-3

Provisions Relating to Fine

18. Grounds for determination of sentence of fine: (1) The sentence

of fine for an offence shall be determined, taking into account
such offence and the maximum and minimum amount of fine, in
addition to the other matters set forth in this Act.

(2) In determining the fine pursuant to sub-section (1),

the following matters shall also be taken into account:

(a) the offender's financial status and source of

income,

(b) financial harm caused to other person from the

offence committed by the offender,

(c) benefit received by the offender or his or her family

from the commission of the offence by the
offender,

(d) implications of the fine to the family required to be

maintained by the offender,

(e) the amount of compensation required to be paid to

the victim,

(f) liability likely to be borne by the government due

to non-payment of the fine,

(g) if the offender is a body corporate, the financial

status and transactions of such body,

(h) if an amount is required to be deposited into the

victim relief fund, such amount.

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 Explanation: For the purposes of this clause, "victim
relief fund" means the victim relief fund under Section 48.

(3) In determining a fine pursuant to sub-section (1), the

fine shall be determined on the basis of the amount in controversy
if such amount is set.

19. Fine to be so determined as not to be prejudicial to

compensation: If, in imposing a fine pursuant to Section 18, the
fine is to be so imposed that the offender must also pay
compensation to the victim of the offence, the fine shall not be so
imposed that the offender is unable to pay such compensation.

20. Fine to be paid immediately: (1) The offender must pay

immediately the fine imposed pursuant to this Chapter.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section

(1), if such offender, being unable to pay such fine immediately,
furnishes any property as the security for such fine, the court may
order the offender to so pay the fine in a maximum of three
installments that such amount is paid up within one year.

21. Fine to be so determined as to be payable by each offender: In

determining a fine for more than one offender in relation to any
offence, the fine shall be so determined that each offender has to
pay the fine according to the degree of the offending.

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 Chapter – 4

Provisions Relating to Community Service

22. Power to order for community service: (1) If, in relation of an

offender who is sentenced to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding six months, having regard also to the offence
committed by the offender, the age, conduct of the offender, the
circumstances and the manner of the commission of the offence, it
appears to the court that it is not appropriate to imprison the
offender, the court may order the offender to do the community
service or to do the community service for the remaining period
after the offender has served the sentence of imprisonment for
such period as the court deems appropriate in relation to such
offence.

(2) The court shall make an order of community service

only if the offender agrees to do the community service.

(3) For the purpose of this Section, the following work

shall be considered as a community service:

(a) doing a public work for free,

(b) serving at a hospital, elderly home, orphanage for

free,

(c) doing environment protection related work for

free,

(d) teaching or serving at a public or community

school for free,

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 (e) providing or causing to be provided sports
training for free,

(f) doing work at a benevolent organization for free,

(g) appearing before such rehabilitation or reform

organization as designated by the court and doing
such work as specified by such organization.

(4) In making the community service order pursuant to

sub-section (1), the order shall be so made that the offender is
required to do any work under sub-section (3) for a period that is
equal to that of imprisonment imposed on the offender or to that
of imprisonment which remains to be served by the offender.

(5) In determining the period under sub-section (4), the

court shall also specify the hours of work a day to be done by
the offender.

(6) In making an order of community service to be done

by the offender pursuant to sub-section (1), the terms and
conditions to be compiled with by him or her shall also be
specified.

(7) If the offender does the community service under

sub-section (3) in compliance with the terms and conditions
under sub-section (6), the sentence of imprisonment imposed on
him or her shall be deemed to have been served.

(8) The offender shall do the community service under

the supervision of a probation officer or parole officer as
designated by the Probation and Parole Board.

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 (9) The court shall revoke the order under sub-section
(1) if any offender fails to do the community service set forth in
the order issued pursuant to this Section or does not comply with
the terms and conditions under sub-section (6) or it is known
after the issuance of the order of community service that the
offender had committed any offence previously or the offender
commits any other offence during that period.

(10) After the revocation of the order pursuant to sub-

section (9), such offender must serve the sentence of
imprisonment imposed on him or her or the remaining period of
imprisonment to be served by him or her in prison.

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 Chapter – 5

Provisions Relating to Imprisonment

23. Sentence of imprisonment to be imposed if other sentence is not

adequate: Except as otherwise provided in this Act, any offender
shall be sentenced to imprisonment in the event of the sentence of
fine and community service being not adequate.

24. Sentence of imprisonment may be suspended: (1) In cases where

an offender on whom a sentence of imprisonment for less than one
year has been imposed has committed the offence for the first time
and, having regard to the offence committed by the offender, the
age, conduct of the offender, the circumstances and the manner of
the commission of the offence, it appears to the court that it is not
appropriate to imprison the offender, the court may, without
implementing the sentence of imprisonment imposed on such
offender, suspend such imprisonment.

(2) Suspension of the sentence of imprisonment under

sub-section (1) may be made until three years from the date of its
determination.

(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section

(1), no sentence of imprisonment imposed on an offender other than a
child held guilty of any of the following offences may be suspended:

(a) murder,

(b) rape,

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 (c) human trafficking and transportation,

(d) arms, ammunition and explosive,

(e) corruption,

(f) taking of hostage and kidnapping,

(g) robbery,

(h) counterfeiting of currency or government

stamps,

(i) foreign exchange,

(j) offence relating to narcotic drug trafficking and

transaction,

(k) relating to ancient monument,

(l) relating to forest and wildlife,

(m) organized crime,

(n) money laundering,

(o) offence relating to torture or cruel, inhumane or

degrading treatment,

(p) crime against humanity.

(4) In making a order of suspension of the sentence of

imprisonment pursuant to sub-section (1), the order shall be so
made that the offender is required to do the following during
the period of suspension:

(a) to do a public work for free,

(b) to assist in any work of the victim of the offence,

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 (c) to refrain from doing any act or conduct set forth
in such order,

(d) to refrain from moving outside of his or her

residence or any particular place,

(e) to refrain from committing any offence during

the period of sentence or within three years of
the service of such sentence,

(f) to remain within any place specified by the

court,

(g) to remain in a treatment and rehabilitation

center,

(h) to refrain from meeting a particular person.

(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section

(4), in making suspension of the sentence for a child pursuant to
sub-section (1), decision shall be made as follows, with or without
specifying the terms and conditions, having regard also to his or
her age and the circumstances of the commission of the offence:

(a) that any family member or guardian remind and

counsel him or her of good human conduct,

(b) that any service providing agency or individual

orient the child,

(c) that sole, group or family psychosocial counseling

service be provided to the child,

(d) that the child remain under the guardianship and

supervision of any family member, guardian,

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 school, service provider individual or organization
for a certain term, subject to the compliance with
the specified terms and conditions.

(6) If the offender complies with the matters set forth in

the order under sub-section (4) during the period of suspension,
the offender shall be deemed to have served the sentence of
imprisonment determined pursuant to sub-section (1).

(7) If the offender violates the order under sub-section

(4), the court shall revoke the order under sub-section (1).

(8) After the order has been revoked pursuant to sub-

section (7), such offender shall serve the whole of the sentence of
imprisonment imposed on him or her in prison.

25. Power to make order to send offender to reform home: (1) If,
in relation of an offender who is sentenced to imprisonment for a
term of two years or less, having regard also to the offence
committed by the offender, the age, conduct of the offender, the
circumstances and the manner of the commission of the offence, it
appears to the court that it is appropriate to hold him or her in a
reform home instead of sending him or her to prison, the court
may, on recommendation of a probation officer, send such
offender to the reform home.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section

(1), an offender who has committed any offence set forth in sub-
section (3) of Section 24 shall not be sent to such reform home.

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 (3) In sending an offender to a reform home pursuant to
sub-section (1), the terms and conditions as determined by the
Probation and Parole Board, to be compiled with by him or her,
shall also be specified.

(4) If the offender serves the term of imprisonment in a

reform home in compliance with the terms and conditions under
sub-section (3), he or she shall be deemed to have served such
term in prison.

(5) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this

Section, if the offender does not reform his or her conduct or fails
to comply with the terms and conditions under sub-section (3) or
commits any offence punishable by imprisonment during that
period, he or she must serve/spend the whole period of
imprisonment under this Section in prison.

26. Power to make order to send offender to rehabilitation center:

(1) If, in relation of an offender who is convicted of using narcotic
drug or who is suffering from physical or mental infirmity or
similar other offender, having regard to the offence committed by
the offender, the age, conduct of the offender and the
circumstances of the commission of the offence, it appears to the
court that it is appropriate to send him or her to a rehabilitation
center instead of sending him or her to prison, the court may, on
recommendation of a probation officer, send such offender to the
rehabilitation center.

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 Explanation: For the purpose of this Section,
"rehabilitation center" means an organization established with the
aim of providing treatment and rehabilitative services to the
offenders who are drug or other addicts or who are suffering from
physical or mental infirmity.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section

(1), an offender who has committed any offence set forth in sub-
section (3) of Section 24 shall not be sent to a rehabilitation
center.

(3) In sending an offender to a rehabilitation center

pursuant to sub-section (1), the terms and conditions to be
compiled with by him or her shall also be specified.

(4) If the offender serves the term of imprisonment in a

rehabilitation center in compliance with the terms and conditions
under sub-section (3), he or she shall be deemed to have served
such term of imprisonment in prison.

(5) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this

Section, if the offender remaining in a rehabilitation center does
not reform his or her conduct or fails to comply with the terms and
conditions under sub-section (3) or commits any offence
punishable by imprisonment during that period, he or she must
serve/spend the whole period of imprisonment under this Section
in prison.

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27. Service of imprisonment in prison on the weekend or during
the night only: (1) If, in relation of an offender sentenced to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, having regard to,
inter alia, the offence committed by the offender, his or her age,
conduct, the gravity of the offence and the manner of the
commission of the offence, it appears to the court that it is not
appropriate to hold him or her regularly in prison, the court may,
for reasons to be recorded, so determine the sentence of
imprisonment that such offender is required to remain in prison
only on the weekend or only during the night on daily basis.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section

(1), an offender who has committed any offence set forth in sub-
section (3) of Section 24 shall not be sentenced to the punishment
under this Section.

(3) In determining the sentence under sub-section (1), the

court my specify the terms and conditions to be compiled with by
the offender.

(4) If the offender held in prison pursuant to sub-section

(1) serves such term of imprisonment in compliance with the
terms and conditions under sub-section (3), he or she shall be
deemed to have served such imprisonment in prison.

(5) If the offender held in prison pursuant to sub-section

(1) fails to comply with the terms and conditions under sub-
section (3) or commits any offence punishable by imprisonment
during that period, he or she must serve/spend the whole period
of imprisonment imposed on him or her in prison.

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28. Power to make order to hold offender in open prison: (1) The
judge of the concerned District Court may, on recommendation of
the chief of Prison Office, make an order to hold in open prison an
offender who has served two-thirds of the term of imprisonment
and has good conduct.

Explanation: For the purpose of this Section, "open prison"

means any place specified by the Government of Nepal in a
manner that a prisoner may work during the specified time even
outside of the place where he or her is held.

(2) In sending an offender to an open prison pursuant to

sub-section (1), terms and conditions to be complied with by the
offender shall also be specified.

(3) If the offender sent to an open prison pursuant to sub-

section (1) fails to comply with the terms and conditions under
sub-section (2) or commits any offence punishable by
imprisonment during that period, he or she must serve/spend the
whole period of imprisonment imposed on him or her in prison.

29. Power to make order to place offender on parole: (1) The judge
of the District Court may, on recommendation of the concerned
District Probation and Parole Board, make an order to place on
parole an offender who, upon being sentenced to imprisonment for
more than one year, has served two-thirds of the sentence and has
good conduct.

Provided that the following offender may not be placed on

parole:

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 (a) One who has been sentenced to life imprisonment,

(b) One who has been sentenced for the offence of

corruption,

(c) One who has been sentenced for the offence of

rape,

(d) One who has been sentenced for the offence of

human trafficking and transportation,

(e) One who has been sentenced for the offence of

organized crime,

(f) One who has been sentenced for the offence of

money laundering,

(g) One who has been sentenced for an offence

related to torture or cruel, inhumane or degrading
treatment,

(h) One who has been sentenced for the offence of

crime against humanity,

(i) One who has been sentenced for an offence

relating to the crime against the state.

Explanation: For the purpose of this Section, "parole"

means permission for a prisoner who has served two-thirds
of the term of the sentence of imprisonment imposed on him
or her to serve the remaining term by spending life in the
society, subject to the compliance with the specified terms
and conditions, under the supervision of the parole officer.

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 (2) In making an order pursuant to sub-section (1), the
terms and conditions so determined by the Probation and Parole
Board as to be complied with by such offender during the period
of parole shall also be specified.

(3) The parole officer shall monitor whether or not the

offender has complied with the terms and conditions under sub-
section (2).

(4) If the offender on parole under sub-section (1)

complies with the terms and conditions under sub-section (2), the
sentence of imprisonment imposed on him or her shall be deemed
to have been served.

(5) If the offender on parole under sub-section (1) fails to

comply with the terms and conditions under sub-section (2) or
commits any offence punishable by imprisonment during that
period, he or she must serve/spend the remaining period of
imprisonment imposed on him or her in prison.

(6) Other provisions relating to parole shall be as

prescribed.

30. To have socialization: (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in

this Act and other law, a prison may release an offender who,
upon being sentenced to imprisonment for a term exceeding one
year, is serving the sentence and bears good conduct, from prison
on monthly or daily basis, for the following purpose, six months
before the expiry of the term of imprisonment imposed on him or
her:

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 (a) family reunion,

(b) establishment of social, cultural relation,

(c) social assimilation and rehabilitation,

(d) carrying on a business or employment,

(e) taking skill or employment-oriented training.

(2) In releasing an offender from prison pursuant to sub-

section (1), terms and conditions to be complied with by such
offender shall also be specified.

(3) In releasing an offender pursuant to sub-section (1),

the period and time to be spent for such purpose shall also be
specified.

(4) The person released pursuant to sub-section (1) shall

submit a weekly report on the work he or she has done to the
concerned prison.

(5) If a person released pursuant to sub-section (1) fails

to comply with the terms and conditions under sub-section (2) or
commits any offence during that period, he or she shall
serve/spend the remaining period of imprisonment in prison.

31. Engagement in physical labor in lieu of imprisonment: (1) If an

offender who is above the age of 18 and physically fit, and has
been sentenced to imprisonment for a term of three years or more
so desires, the offender may be engaged in physical labor for
public work.

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 (2) The sentence of imprisonment imposed on an
offender who is engaged in physical labor for public work
pursuant to sub-section (1) shall be deducted by additional one day
in lieu of the labor done for every three days.

(3) Other provisions relating to engagement in physical

labor for public work shall be as prescribed.

32. Prisoner may be allowed to leave prison: A prison may, in the

following circumstance, permit a prisoner who, upon being
sentenced to imprisonment, is serving the sentence of
imprisonment in the prison to go out of the prison with necessary
security:

(a) in the event of a close relative having fallen ill,

to visit such patient on condition that he or she
shall return to the prison on the same day,

(b) in the event of the death of a relative of whom

crematory or obsequies rites have to be
performed by the prisoner himself or herself, to
perform such crematory or obsequies rites on
condition that he or she shall return to the
prison on the specified day.

33. Reformative programs to be conducted: (1) In order to reform

the conduct of prisoners serving the sentences of imprisonment, a
prison shall conduct reformative programs and measures,
including skill, education and employment oriented, morality,

30
 disciplinary, physical, spiritual, meditation and exercise related
education programs.

(2) A prison shall, in every sixth months, submit to the

Probation and Parole Board a report setting out whether or not the
prisoners have made significant reforms in their conduct as a
result of the programs and measures conducted pursuant to sub-
section (1).

(3) Other provisions relating to reformative programs

shall be as prescribed.

34. Prisoner to be kept in hospital or similar other place: (1) If

any offender sentenced to imprisonment pursuant to this Act
becomes of unsound mind, the prison shall keep such offender in
a hospital or similar other medical center.

(2) The period during which an offender is kept in a

hospital or medical center pursuant to sub-section (1) shall be
included in the period of the sentence of imprisonment served by
the offender.

35. Computation of fractions of sentence: In imposing a fraction

of sentence under this Act, a sentence of imprisonment for life
shall be reckoned as equivalent to imprisonment for twenty-five
years and the fraction of sentence thereof shall be imposed and
executed in accordance with law.

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36. Execution of sentence of imprisonment imposed for different
offences: In imposing the sentence of imprisonment for more
than one offence on a person who, upon being sentenced to
imprisonment, is serving the sentence of imprisonment, the
sentence of imprisonment shall be imposed and executed as
follows:

(a) where the period of the sentence of

imprisonment under the previous judgment is
longer than or equal to that of imprisonment
under the latter judgment, the sentence of
imprisonment imposed under the previous
judgment shall be executed;

(b) where the period of the sentence of

imprisonment under the latter judgment is
longer than that of imprisonment under the
previous judgment, the period of the sentence
of imprisonment under the latter judgment
shall be added to the extent it is longer than the
previous judgment.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section

(1), if a sentence of imprisonment is imposed for another offence
on a person who is sentenced to imprisonment for any offence
prior to completion of the previous sentence, the latter sentence of
imprisonment shall be so executed as to be computed after the
completion of the period of the previous imprisonment.

(3) Where a person is sentenced, in the same case, to

various sentences of imprisonment for various offences in

32
 accordance with the laws in force, only the sentence of
imprisonment for the offence which is the longest of such
sentences shall be executed.

(4) If the sentences of imprisonment imposed under sub-

section (3) are equal, only one of such sentences shall be executed.

(5) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this

Section, where a separate sentence is provided by law for a
recidivist or a consolidated offence, such sentence shall be
executed.

37. Remission of imprisonment: If an offender, except the following

offender, has served three-fourth of the sentence of imprisonment
and has reformed his or her conduct while in prison, the prison
may make remission as prescribed from the sentence of
imprisonment passed on him or her:

(a) one who has been sentenced to imprisonment for life,

(b) one who has been sentenced for the offence of rape,

(c) one who has been sentenced for the offence of

corruption,

(d) one who has been sentenced for the offence of human
trafficking and transportation,

(e) one who has been sentenced for the offence of taking
of hostage and kidnapping,

(f) one who has been sentenced for the offence of

organized crime,

33
 (g) one who has been sentenced for the offence of money
laundering,

(h) one who has been sentenced for an offence related to

torture or cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment,

(i) one who has been sentenced for the offence of crime
against humanity.

38. Probation and Parole Board: (1) There shall be a Federal

Probation and Parole Board, as follows, also to render assistance
in the social rehabilitation and integration of the offenders
sentenced to imprisonment:

(a) Attorney General - Chairperson

(b) Secretary, Ministry of Law,

Justice and Parliamentary
Affairs - Member

(c) Secretary, Ministry of Home

Affairs - Member

(d) Two psychologists, including

one woman to the extent of
availability, designated by the
concerned Ministry - Member

(e) Inspector General, Nepal

Police - Member

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 (f) Criminologist or penologist
designated by the concerned
Ministry - Member

(g) Director General, Department

of Prison Management - Member Secretary

(2) There shall be a State Probation and Parole Board as

follows in each State, which is under the direct guidance, control
and supervision of the Probation and Parole Board:

(a) Chief Attorney - Chairman

(b) Secretary, State Ministry of

Law - Member

(c) Secretary, State Ministry of

Home Affairs - Member

(d) Chief of Police, State Police

(e) Two psychologists, including

one woman to the extent of
availability, designated by the
State Government - Member

(f) Criminologist or penologist

designated by the State
Government - Member

(g) Chief of the State body

responsible for prison
management - Member Secretary

35
39. Functions, duties and powers of Probation and Parole Board:
(1) In addition to the functions, duties and powers mentioned
elsewhere in this Act, the functions, duties and powers of the
Federal Probation and Parole Board shall be as follows:

(a) to formulate a probation and parole policy and

recommend it to the Government of Nepal,

(b) to develop standards for placing prisoners on

probation and parole,

(c) to develop terms and conditions to be abided by the

offenders who are released on probation and parole,

(d) to supervise, control activities of, and give direction,

as required, to the State Probation and Parole Board,

(e) to prepare a roster of persons who can be appointed

or designated as the probation officer or parole
officer, as required to make recommendation as to the
execution of sentences and to assist in the
rehabilitation of offenders pursuant to this Act,

(f) to carry out other necessary matters relating to

probation and parole.

(2) The Probation and Parole Board shall, on its own,

determine the rules of procedures required for the performance of
its functions.

(3) The Probation and Parole Board may, as required,

form a sub-committee to render assistance in its functions.

36
 (4) The terms of reference, rules of procedures and other
necessary matters of a sub-committee formed pursuant to sub-
section (3) shall be as specified by the Probation and Parole
Board.

(5) The functions, duties and powers of the State

Probation and Parole Board shall be as prescribed.

40. Computation of period of imprisonment: (1) The period of

imprisonment shall be computed from the date of custody or
detention of the offender, if so held in custody or detention, and
from the date that the offender is held in prison, if not held in
custody or detention.

(2) The period of imprisonment under sub-section (1)

shall not include the day of release from detention or prison.

37
 Chapter – 6

Provision Relating to Compensation

41. Payment of compensation to be ordered: (1) If any injury is

caused to the victim's body, life, property or reputation as a result
of any offence, the court shall order that a reasonable amount of
compensation be paid by the offender to the victim for such injury.

Provided that if a law provides for a separate compensation

for any offence, the law shall apply accordingly.

(2) The amount of compensation under sub-section (1)

shall be determined, having regard to the following matters:

(a) physical, bodily, mental and emotional injury

caused to the victim,

(b) where the victim has died, the injury caused to

his or her heir,

(c) the offender's financial source and condition,

(d) condition of the victim and his or her dependant,

(e) such other matters as the Court holds

appropriate.

(3) The amount of compensation under sub-section (1)

shall be ordered to include the medical expenses if the victim has
sustained hurt or grievous hurt as a result of the offence, and the
funeral and obsequies expenses, if the victim has died.

(4) Where an offender has caused damage to the

victim's property, the court shall, in ordering the payment of

38
 compensation, order that such property be restituted in its
original position.

(5) If a property cannot be restituted in its original

position, the amount of compensation shall be ordered to be paid
according to the price of such property where the price is set, and
where the price cannot be so set, according to the price of such
property that can be set at the time when damage was caused to it
or the sentence passed.

(6) Payment of compensation may be ordered to be in

cash or kind or both.

(7) If the victim of an offence has died prior to the

payment of compensation pursuant to sub-section (1), the amount
of compensation under sub-section (1) shall be ordered to be paid
to his or her dependent heir.

42. Compensation to be paid immediately: (1) The offender shall

immediately pay the amount of compensation passed under this
Section.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section

(1), if such person, being unable to pay the compensation
immediately, furnishes any property as the security for such
compensation, the court may order the offender to so pay the
compensation in a maximum of three installments that such
amount is paid up within one year.

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43. Compensation to be borne by each offender: In making an
order for the payment of compensation for more than one offender
in relation to any offence, such order shall be so made that each
offender pay the compensation according to the degree of the
offending.

44. To be as per agreement: (1) Notwithstanding anything contained

elsewhere in this Chapter, the victim and the offender can enter
into agreement on payment of compensation in relation to any
offence.
(2) If the agreement under sub-section (1) is found
reasonable, the court may make order for the compensation as per
such agreement.

45. Imprisonment for non-payment of compensation: (1) If an

offender who is required to pay compensation does not pay the
amount of compensation within the period specified for its
payment, compensation shall be ordered to be paid to the victim
by making attachment to such offender's property.
(2) If the amount of compensation cannot be recovered
from the property attached pursuant to sub-section (1) or if the
offender required to pay compensation fails to do so, he or she
shall be imprisoned by converting the amount of compensation
into imprisonment at the rate of three hundred rupees for a day.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act and
the other laws, imprisonment under sub-section (2) shall not
exceed four years.

40
 Chapter – 7

Miscellaneous

46. Sentence Recommendation Committee: There shall be a

Sentence Recommendation Committee, as follows, also for the
making of sentencing policy:

(a) Attorney General - Chairman

(b) Secretary, Ministry of Law, Justice and

Parliamentary Affairs - Member

(c) Inspector General, Nepal Police - Member

(d) One person designated by the

Government of Nepal from amongst the
persons having gained at lest fifteen
years of experience in the field of crime
investigation or the penologists - Member

(e) One person designated by the

Government of Nepal from amongst the
persons having gained at least ten years
of experience in the rehabilitation of
offenders - Member

47. Functions, duties and powers of the Committee: (1) The

functions, duties and powers of the Committee shall be as
follows:

41
 (a) to develop standards for the determination of
appropriate range of sentence to be imposed on
the offender according to the gravity of offence,

(b) to conduct study and research the on prevailing

penal policy and give suggestion to the
Government of Nepal for reform thereof,

(c) to make opinion, advice and suggestion on

sentence to be imposed in relation to any specific
type of offences,

(d) to collect, update and analyze data/records of the

offenders and give suggestion to the Government
of Nepal on punishment,

(e) if there appears a need for making any reform in

the laws in force on punishment, to give
suggestion to the Government of Nepal for that
purpose.

(2) The Committee shall, on its own, determine the rules

of procedures required for the performance of its functions.

(3) The Committee may, as required, form a sub-

committee to render assistance in its functions.

(4) The terms of reference, rules of procedures and other

necessary matters of a sub-committee formed pursuant to sub-
section (3) shall be as specified by the Committee.

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48. Victim relief fund to be established: (1) There shall be
established a fund entitled the victim relief fund for the provision
of relief to the victim of offence.

(2) The Government of Nepal shall credit into the fund

established pursuant to sub-section (1) fifty percent of the amount
recovered for a fine under the court or of the amount paid by an
offender sentenced to imprisonment as a fine in lieu of such
imprisonment, in accordance with the Penal Code.

(3) In addition to the amount to be credited pursuant to

sub-section (2), any amount as so provided by law or received
from the Government of Nepal or any other source shall be
credited into the fund under sub-section (1).

(4) The operation of the fund under sub-section (1),

classification of victims, grounds for the provision of relief
amount to the victims from the fund, limits of such amount and
procedure for its distribution shall be as prescribed.

49. Designation of probation officer or social activist: (1) The

Government of Nepal may appoint or designate those persons who
are experienced in rehabilitation or community service as the
probation officer or parole officer.

(2) The qualification, terms of service and facilities of

the probation officer or parole officer under sub-section (1) shall
be as prescribed.

50. Power to make rules: The rules may be framed by the Supreme
Court on the matters relating to court proceedings and by the

43
 Government of Nepal on the other matters, as required to
implement the objectives of this Act.

51. Power to make manuals: The Government of Nepal may make

and enforce necessary manuals subject to this Act and the Rules
framed hereunder.

44