PRESENT TENSE

PAST TENSE

FUTURE TENSE
Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense

Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future

Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous

Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

Present Prefect Past Prefect Future Prefect

Continuous Continuous Continuous
PRESENT TENSE
 Uses
Universal truth - ex : The sun rises in the
east.
Routine work - ex: I go to school.

To express regular or habitual action

EX: He eats apples for his breakfast.

Scientific facts - ex : Ice melts on heating.

 Verb Forms
Subject

I, We, You, They,

1st Form of verb
Plural

He, She, It,

singular Verb +(s)
I, We, You, They,
Case 1 Subjects
Plural

He, She, It, Case 2 Subjects

singular
 Examples
• They buy vegetables.
• The sun rises in the east.
• The water boils at 100 degree centigrade.

• She sings a song.

• They walk two miles.
 Negatives

• He writes a letter • He does not write a letter.

• She sings a song. • She does not sing a song.

• They walk two miles. • They do not walk two miles.

 Interrogative
• He writes a letter • Does he write a letter?

• She sings a song. •Does she sing a song?

• They walk two miles. • Do they walk two miles?

Present Continuous
 Uses
1. For something happening at the time of speaking.
Ex: Ram is playing football.

2. Planned future action

EX: The PM is meeting US President tomorrow.
3. To emphasize the present moment
Ex: I am working as a teacher.
4. To indicate progressive Change.
Ex: My English is improving.

5. To denote frequent actions

Ex: You are always looking for faults
Past Future
Present
 Verb Forms
Subject Verb

I am + V ing

We, You, They are + V ing

He, She, It is + V ing

 Examples
• Raman is sleeping right now.

• They are having dinner at the moment.

• Look! a cow is lying in the shade.

• They are leaving for Delhi tomorrow.

 Examples
• I am writing a letter.
• He is learning computer.
• We are meeting you in Principal office tomorrow.
• You are complaining about me.
 Negatives
• I am learning computer.

• I am meeting you in the Principal

office tomorrow.
Interrogatives
Present Pefectc
 Uses
To refer to past situations that continue up
to the present.
Ex: I have done my homework.

To express what happened in the past

without stating a specific time.
Ex: He has lived in Mumbai for many years.
Past Future
Present
 Verb Forms
Subject Verb

I, We, You, They have + V3

He, She, It has + V3

 Examples
• I have done the work.

• Ram has eaten food.

• Mohan has written the letter.

 Negatives
• Hari has not finished his homework.

• You have not met Ravi.

• Tom has not written the answers yet.

 Interrogative
• Has she completed her homework?

• Have you taken your food?

• Has Raman played cricket?

Present Perfect Continuous
 Uses
WHEN THE WORK WAS STARTED IN THE
PAST BUT STILL GOING ON.
Past Future
Present
 Verb Forms

Subject Verb

I, We, You, They have

been + V ing
He, She, It has
 Examples
• I have been running for two hours.
• Ria has been working here since 2014.
• We have been waiting here all day.
 Negatives
• I have not been running for two hours.
•Ria has not been working here since 1999.
• We have not been waiting here all day.
 Interrogative
•Have I been running for two hours?
•Has she been working here since 2018?
•Have they been playing here all day?
Simple Past
 USES
• To express an action that started and finished in
the past
• Ex: We bought a new car yesterday.

• To express our habits in the past that are

discontinued now
• Ex: I played cricket when I was a child.

• Conditional sentences
Ex: If I knew your address, I would come to visit
you.
 Verb Form
Subject Verb

I, We, You, They 2nd form

He, She, It of the verb
Past Future
Present
 Examples
• I met Sunil two days ago in Mumbai.
• They got back very late last night.
• I had this job in 2008.
• Meena learned English when she was in Goa.
 Negatives
• I sang a song. • I did not sing a song.
•We played hockey. •We didn’t play hockey.
•She wrote a letter. •She didn’t write a letter.
 Interrogative
• I sang a song. • Did I sing a song?
•We played hockey. • Did we play hockey?
•She wrote a letter. • Did she write a letter?
Past Continuousc
 Uses
TO EXPRESS THE ACTIONS THAT WERE
GOING ON AT SOME POINT IN TIME IN
THE PAST.
Past Future
Present
 • while, when ,As

I was watching T.V

When My mother came in.

 Verb Form
Subject Verb

I was + Ving

We, You, They were +V ing

He, She, It was + V ing

 Examples
• Ravi was sleeping when the bell rang.

• We were having dinner when the lights went out.

• While Ramesh was playing he sprained his ankle.

Past Perfect
 Uses

The past perfect tense indicates that one

event happened before another in the past.
It refers to a time earlier than before now.
I had taken food. Mala came here.

2 p.m. 4 p.m.
Present
Past Future

I had taken food before Mala came here.

 Verb Form
Subject Verb
I
We
You had + V3
They
He
She It
• an action happened before a specific time in the past;

1. She had established her company before 2008.

2. He had gotten engaged before last year.

• dissatisfied wishes for the past;

1. I wished I had worked harder before writing the
examination.

2. We wished we had purchased that house.

• In conditional sentences;

1. If I had known you were in Delhi, I would have met you.

2. If I had passed the examination, I would have become
an officer.
Past Perfect Continuous
 Uses

The past perfect continuous tense

shows that an action that started in the
past and continued for some time in the
past.
Past Future
Present
 Verb Form
Subject Verb

I, We, You, had + been

They, He, She,
+ Verb+ing
It
 Examples
• You had been waiting there for more than two
hours when she finally arrived.

• We had been walking for one hour when we

ate our lunch.

• It had been raining for three hours before we

reached the office.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense can also be used to
show cause of something in the past

•He lost weight because he had been

exercising so hard.

• Priya won the race because she had been

practising for long.

• She failed the examination because she had

not been studying her lessons.
Simple Future
 Uses

The simple future tense shows that an

action will be done in future.
 Uses
• for an action that will occur in the future.
It will rain tomorrow.

• to express a spontaneous decision:

I will bring the chair for you.
They will enter the room now.

• to express willingness:
I will clean the room for you.
He will pay for the cinema tickets.

• to make an offer:
Shall I open the door?
Shall I carry the bag for you?
 Verb Form
Subject Verb

I, We, You,
They, He, She, will + Verb
It
Future Continuous
 Uses
The future continuous tense is used
for an on-going action that will occur
in the future.
Past Present Future
 Verb Form
Subject Verb

I, We, You,
They, He, She, will + be + Ving
It
 Examples
• This time next week, she will be
playing the guitar.

• By Diwali, I will be travelling in the

hill.
• I guess she will be coming to the
school tomorrow.

• The teacher will be teaching us

next Monday.
Future Perfect
 Uses
The future perfect tense is used for an
action that will be completed by specified
time or event in the future.
Past Present Future
 Verb Form
Subject Verb

I, We, You,
They, He, She, will + have + V3
It
 Examples
• I will have finished my work by Monday.

• She will have reached Mumbai by ten

o'clock.

• He will have finished cleaning the room in one

hour.
Future Perfect Continuous
 Uses
The future perfect continuous tense is
used for an on-going action that will
be completed at some specified time
in the future.
 Verb Form
Subject Verb

I, We, You, will + have + been

They, He, She,
+ Ving
It
Past Present Future
 Examples

• Next year I will have been working here for

three years.
• She will have been waiting here for three hours
by five o'clock.
• By 2026, I will have been living in Mumbai for ten
years.
Present Past Future
Continuous Continuous Continuous

vah Kolata h^MU. vah Kola rha qaa . vah Kola rha
haogaa .
He is Playing He was He will be
Playing playing
I am writing a I was writing I shall be
letter a letter. writing a
letter
They are They were They will be
eating. eating eating.
Present Past Perfect Future Perfect
Perfect

vah Kola rha hO .

vah Kola rha qaa . vah Kola rha
haogaa .
He has Played He had Played He will have
when I played by 2
reached there. o’clock

I am writing a I was writing I shall be

letter a letter. writing a
letter
They are They were They will be
eating. eating eating.