Tense Present Past Future

V1 [s/es] V2 Shall/Will + V1
Simple [Active] Do/Does + not + V1 Did + not + V1 Shall/Will + not + V1
Do/Does + S. + V1+ ? Did + S. + V1 + ? Shall/Will + S. + V1 + ?
am/is/are + V3 was/were + V3 Shall/will + be +
am/is/are + not + V3 was/were + not + V3 written
Simple [Passive] am/is/are + O. + V3 + was/were + O. + V3 + Shall/will + not + be +
? ? V3
Shall/will + O. + be +
V3 + ?
Am/is/are + Ving Was/were + Ving Shall/will + be + Ving
Am/is/are + not + Ving Was/were + not + Shall/will + not + be +
Continuous [Active] Am/is/are + S. + Ving + Ving Ving
? Was/were + S. + Ving Shall/will + S. + be +
+? Ving + ?
Am/is/are + being + Was/were + being +
V3 V3
Continuous [Passive] Am/is/are + not + Was/were + not + N.A.
being + V3 being + V3
Am/is/are + O. + being Was/were + O. +
+ V3 + ? being + V3 + ?
Has/have + V3 Had + V3 Shall/will + have + V3
Has/have + not + V3 Had + not + V3 Shall/will + not + have
Perfect [Active] Has/have + S. + V3 + ? Had + S. + V3 + ? + V3
Shall/will + S. + have +
V3 + ?
Has/have + been + V3 Had + been + V3 Shall/will + have +
Has/have + not + been Had + not + been + V3 been + V3
Perfect [Passive] + V3 Had + O. + been + V3 + Shall/will + not + have
Has/have + O. + been ? + been + V3
+ V3 + ? Shall/will + O. + have +
been + V3 + ?
Has/have + been + Had + been + Ving Shall/will + have +
Ving Had + not + been + been + Ving
Continuous Perfect Has/have + not + been Ving Shall/will + not + have
[Active] + Ving Had + S. + been + VIng + been + Ving
Has/have + S. + been + Shall/been + S. + have
Ving + been + Ving

Continuous Perfect N.A. N.A. N.A.

[Passive]

Simple Present Tense:

1. To show daily actions

Ex. I always go to school in the morning.
2. To show universal truth
Ex. The sun rises in the east.
3. To show Maths or science rules
Ex. Two and two makes four.
4. To show current situation
Ex. The apple is sweet.
5. To show near future
Ex. I go to Bombay next Monday.
 6. To start statement with ‘Here’ and ‘There’
Ex. Here comes my papa.
There goes the poor man.

Usages:

Every day, every Sunday, daily, sometimes, often, always, never, frequently, generally, usually, as a rule, ordinarily,
habitually, rarely, scarcely, hardly, occasionally, ever, hardly ever, scarcely ever, nearly always, when, till, until,
unless, if

Affirmative: Subject + V1 +object

Negative: Subject + do/does + not + V1 + object

Interrogative: Do/Does + subject + V1 + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + do/does + subject + V1 + object + ?

Simple Past Tense:

1. To show past situation

Ex. He was a teacher.
2. To show a past action
Ex. My friend secured 85 marks in English.
3. To show a daily action of past
Ex. He studied many hours every day.
4. To show two actions at a time
Ex. While they sang, we danced.
5. To mention a particular period of time
Ex. He lived in U.S.A. for a long time.

Usages:

Yesterday, last month, ago, in 1990, at four o’clock, when, as, as soon as, before, until, after, so long as, for, if, unless

Affirmative: Subject + V2 +object

Negative: Subject + did + not + V1 + object

Interrogative: Did + subject + V1 + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + did + subject + V1 + object + ?

Simple Future Tense:

1. For suggestions
Ex. You shall not steal anything.
2. For order or command
Ex. You shall come in time in the office from tomorrow.
3. To demonstrate threat
Ex. Ramesh shall be punished for his mischief.
4. To show decision
Ex. Geeta shall obey her mother.

Usages:

Tomorrow, next week, next month, within two minutes, within a week, after, before, at

Affirmative: Subject + shall/will + V1 +object

Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + V1 + object

Interrogative: Shall/Will + subject + V1 + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + shall/will + subject + V1 + object + ?

Present Continuous Tense:

1. To show an ongoing action

Ex. I am writing a letter.
2. Pre decided and action that is going to happen in future
Ex. Kiran is coming on Monday.
We are visiting Nainital this year.
3. To show an action which is going on most of the time of a day
Ex. Bakul is preparing for his examination.
4. To show a special habit [which happens regularly]
Ex. My child is continually asking me questions.
His wife is always losing her temper.
My sister is often crying.

Usages:

Now, right now, just now, at this moment, while, as long as

Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + Ving +object

Negative: Subject + am/is/are + not + Ving + object

Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + subject + Ving + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + am/is/are + subject + Ving + object + ?

Below given are the verbs which are not used in Present Continuous Tense. Rather these words are used in Simple
Present Tense because all these actions can’t be stopped by our wish or desire.

Words: To love, to like, to hate, to know, to see, to hear, to taste, to smell, to touch, to understand, to appear, to
trust, to mind, to owe, to feel, to want, to desire, to wish, to forgive, to forget, to remember, to think, to believe, to
seem, to care, to refuse, to own

Past Continuous Tense:

1. To show an action which was going on a particular time in past

Ex. He was reading this book yesterday at this time.
2. To show 2 actions of past
Ex. Rita was washing the clothes when I called her.
3. Sometimes without mentioning the time also, we can use Past Continuous Tense.
Ex. The storm was rising.
I was getting late.
It was getting darker.

Usages:

While, as, as long as

Affirmative: Subject + was/were + Ving +object

Negative: Subject + was/were + not + Ving + object

Interrogative: Was/Were + subject + Ving + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + was/were + subject + Ving + object + ?

Future Continuous Tense

 1. To show an action will be going on in future.
Ex. I shall be reading the newspaper then.

Usages:

At this time tomorrow, on this day next week, in ten year’s time, at, tomorrow morning, next week, next month

Affirmative: Subject + shall/will + be + Ving +object

Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + be + Ving + object

Interrogative: Shall/Will + subject + be + Ving + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + shall/will + subject + be + Ving + object + ?

Present Perfect Tense

1. To show an action which has just completed before speaking

Ex. I have finished my work.
2. An action which started in past and is continue in present
Ex. We have lived here for 10 years.
3. To show an action which completed in past and effect is there in present
Ex. Shahjahan has built ‘The Taj Mahal’.
4. To show completed actions where time is not mentioned
Ex. I have lost my pen.
5. To show repetitive actions of past
Ex. Workers have often risen to high position by their hard work.

Usages:

Just, already, lately, after, until, since, for

Affirmative: Subject + has/have + V3 +object

Negative: Subject + Has/Have + not + V3 + object

Interrogative: Has/Have + subject + V3 + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + has/have + subject + V3 + object + ?

Past Perfect Tense

1. To show an action which occurred before an action

Ex. Rita had reached the station before the train arrived.
2. To describe past actions in a story
Ex. Yogiji Maharaj was 70 when our story begun. He had lived in this village for all his life.
3. To show conditional statements
Ex. If I had known for his poverty, I would have certainly helped him.

Usages:

Before, after, hardly, already, till, when

Affirmative: Subject + had + V3 +object

Negative: Subject + Had + not + V3 + object

Interrogative: Had + subject + V3 + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + had + subject + V3 + object + ?

Future Perfect Tense

 1. To show some actions which will be completed in future at some time / a particular time
Ex. I shall have finished my home-work before you come.
2. To mention future actions which will be completed in future only
Ex. I shall have completed my course before 28th June, 2006.

Usages:

Before, by, by this time next week

Affirmative: Subject + shall/will + have + V3 +object

Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + have + V3 + object

Interrogative: Shall/Will + subject + have + V3 + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + shall/will + subject + have + V3 + object + ?

Present Continuous Perfect Tense

Affirmative: Subject + has/have + been + Ving +object

Negative: Subject + has/have + not + been + Ving + object

Interrogative: Has/Have + subject + been + ving + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + has/have + subject + been + ving + object + ?

Past Continuous Perfect Tense

Affirmative: Subject + had + been + Ving +object

Negative: Subject + had + not + been + Ving + object

Interrogative: Had + subject + been + ving + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + had + subject + been + ving + object + ?

Future Continuous Tense

Affirmative: Subject + shall/will + have + been + Ving +object

Negative: Subject + shall/will + have + not + been + Ving + object

Interrogative: Shall/will + subject + have + been + ving + object + ?

‘Wh’: ‘WH’ word + shall/will + subject + have + been + ving + object + ?

SINCE FOR
since Monday for two hours
since March for three days
since morning for a week
since 8 o’clock for a fortnight
since Diwali for two months
since 2006 for a year

THE CASES OF PRONOUNS - SINGULAR

PERSON NOMINATIVE CASE OBJECTIVE CASE POSSESSIVE CASE REFLEXIVE / EMPHATIC CASE
1ST PERSON I Me My / Mine Myself
2nd PERSON You You Your / Yours Yourself
3rd PERSON He / She / It Him / Her / It His / Her / Hers / Its Himself / Herself / Itself
THE CASES OF PRONOUNS - PLURAL
PERSON NOMINATIVE CASE OBJECTIVE CASE POSSESSIVE CASE REFLEXIVE / EMPHATIC CASE
1ST PERSON We Us Our / Ours Ourselves
2nd PERSON You You Your / Yours Yourselves
3rd PERSON They Them Their / Theirs Themselves