•

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 THE
LAW OF PLEADINGS
IN INDIA
WI V1 I IRECE1 )l VS
 Calcutta
Easteni Law House Private Ltd.
54 (ianesh Chunder Avenue
Calcutta 700013

l)/hr
I jslcrn I 1 louse Pu \ae Ltd.
36 \ciaji Suhhasli Marg. Daryaeanj
No Delhi 110002

Si ll .tluin .HI. Indonesia and B,ioic

Nialavan Lav, Journal Pie Ltd.
3 Shcnton Way 14-0214-05
Shenion house
Siniapore 0106
 E.\i}R\ L . w Hoist Pki\ ri I.w.
54 Ganesh Chunder Avenue
Calcutta 700013
Tel 0.3 222 7-4)80 2301
1.11_i.) I

Iii I:1i
1926
3ei(I)d Edition .......................
927
Fhird Editioji .................................. 1929
I ourth Ilditiot ................................. 1931
[Oh H111011 ....................................
'iili l:c]iiJon ................................
1940
enth ldito,i ..................... I 948
Fiiltih Edition ............................ 1951
Ninth l : dtci , i .
I 95
1 eitih F:diic,ii ................................ 1961
El Luth Edition .............................
1967
1 cIflh Edition ................... 074

Edition 1983
lo Editioti ................. 1987
Ft ICLuith 1:diii_uii ................... 998
mxtLl.nil1 Edmtiün . 2(102

I? y'i•, 200

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' .1

LATE SRI P. C. MOGH

 INTRODUCTION

HIGH COURT
il/aliahail
Januaiv 20. 1926

DEAR MR. MOGHA,

I promised that I would write an introduction to 'our hook.

I am sending it to you in the form of a letter because in it I can tell
you more directly and intimately how heartily I congraiLtiate you
Oil the happ y thought which caused you to commence this work
and the industry which enabled you to carry it through. A lay. yer
cornin g to this country finds at least a sufficiency of hooks on
general law and on its special branches, but until rccentl at least
no work o il of an authority was in existence. I am
specially glad to notice the ability and knowledge you have brought
to hear oil most important subject. In my opinion it
kno ledge oithe science ofpleading is the essential equipment
of any man who desires to make headway in his professio n and
ignorance of it is a daily impediment. I could give no better ad\ ice
to an y one than to study again and again the precedents,
principles and authorities which are to be found in your book.
I confess that when I came here in 1919 nothing shocked me more
than the abusive, irrelevant, reckless statements in pleadings and
the failure ofSuhordinate Judges to exercise any control over them,
b y striking out irrelevant passages and demanding particulars so
as to keel) the evidence at the trial within proper limits and to
prevent surprise. The position is getting better and lawyers are
realising that unfounded charges of fraud, reckless justifications.
failure to give particulars, intentional mis-statement and other patent
defects of pleading do injury to their clients and to their own
reputation.
VI

I hope your book will have the success that it deserves, and
that it will be studied by the members of the profession, judges
and practitioner alike.
Again I congratulate you heartily upon the completion of your task.
Your Sincerely
CRJM%VOOD MEARS

To
P.C.MOGHA Esq.
Subordinate Judge
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

The plaints and written statements which have been coming before
me during the course of my judicial work have always struck me as
singularly lacking in precision and conciseness, the two most important
essentials of a good pleading. I have very often attempted to effect an
improvement by freely returning pleadings for amendment and by
making the party at fault pay heavy costs. But I could not achie e the
desired success, partly because I could not bestow so much time to
this work as I wanted, but more so, because no mprovement
' is possible
unless the bar makes -,I real and earnest endeavour. The apathy of the
members of the bar is due not so much to natural conservatism as to
the want of a clear knowledge olthe correct principles o[ pleading,
due to want of training. The subject is not taught in our law colleges.
and also there is a singular absence of a hook oil in this
country. Certain forms of pleadings were introduced in the Code of
Civil Procedure of 1908, hut, with the exception of ie forms 01
plaints in mortgage suits, they have never been followed. Even these
forms do not supply the real want, because, III first place, many of
them are defective and offend against the elementary rules ofpleadint,.
and secondly. they cannot be appreciated until the principles ofplcading
are correctly understood. The Civil Justice Committee also noticed
this state of affairs in their report and threw out a suggestion to the
legal profession for the preparation of standard hook on pleadings
on the lines ofthe English work by Bullen and Leake.
As I was interested in this subject, I at once took up the suggestion.
I received great encouragement from the Hon'ble Sir Grimwood Mears
in my undertaking, and his kind appreciation of the ork and
encouragement alone have enabled me to carry it through and to present
it to the profession in the form of this book.
As a thorough grasp of the principles is essential before a lawyer
can drive the fullest benefit by a reading of the precedents, I realized
that a book written entirely on the lines of Bullen and Leake and
 Lff

containing a sketchy summary of the principles Wi] 1 only serve lial 1' its
purpose. I have, therefore, devoted sixteen chapters of this book to a
full and exhaustive discussion ofihe principles ofpleadin g and almost
all the case-law on the subject has been digested in them. The
portions o f the Code ofCivil Procedure which relate to pleadings,
plaints, written statements, etc.. have been incorporated in these
chapters, so that there should be no necessity to refer to an y other
book on a point of pleading. A chapter on appeals, and another on
applications and affidavits has also been added, and, it is hoped. will
he iou iid useful in every da y practice.
In Part ii, I ha e given precedents for different kinds
iids of Suits
\ hich ordinaril y tome before the civil courts in this country.
I have arranged them, for convenience of reference. in alphabetical
order according to the various Su bj ec ts-Explanator y
fbotnotes have
also been appended to the precedents. They will he particularly useful
fora thorough understanding ofthc essential requisites of pleadings, in
a Particular class of cases, and an intelligent study of these notes will
enable a pleader to modify tile precedents according to his own needs.
The exact nature Of particular kind of suit, what should be alleged
and proved I'll such a suit, what possible defences Can be raised, and
all important points of procedure and practice, have been discussed in
these notes. Important questions of court-fees, valuation and limitation
have also been toLiched upon.
As the drafting ol'peiitions and affidavits is as important as that
otplainis and written statements, I have also given precedents ofal I
iliportaill applications under the Code ofCi vii ProcedLire and oilier
Acts ofdaily use in civil courts.
I have thus spared no pains in making the 1)00k really useful for
the practitioners, and I hope that if the principles ofpleading are fully
and int elligently studied and followed, there will be substantial
improvement in the pleading in mofussil courts.
 Ix

I must take this opprotunit y of most respectfully e

xpressing my
sense of immcnse gi aiitudc to the lion 'ble Sir Grimwood Mears for
the introduction and for all the encouragement and help he has so kindly
,," wen me. H has taken great interest in this work and has, in some
instances, made valuable suggestions with regard to the form of
precedenis.
Mv thanks are also due to Messrs Suresh Chandra Chaturvedi
and Randhir Singh, Munsi fs. for having kindly assisted me in going
through the proo is.

P.C.\1OCij

I uzalihniagat-
January 23, 1926
 PREFACE TO THE SIXTEENTH EDITION

It has given me great pleasure in revising the celebrated work of

Shri P.C. Mogha which has held a pre-cniinent position on the subject of
Pleadings foroversevcnty live years and Under g one fifteen editions so far.
It is the book of reference found on the table of every lawyer practising on
the Civil Side.

The present edition has undergone a thorough revision and

incorporates several other kinds of Suits, Fundamental Principles of
Substantive law relating thereto, more Model Foniis under the existing
heads and under the Administrative Tribunals Act, The Recovery of Debts
due to Financial Institutions Act and The Consumer Protection Act and
case laws upto date.

My thanks are due to Mr. M. I. Meerasahil, and Mr. M. Tmliaz,

advocates, I ugh Court Madras for their assistanice, to my stenographer
Mr. Srinivasan and Ms Krallworx Communications (P) Ltd.

I xvish and hope that this revised edition will he as useful to the Bar
and the Bench as its predecessors.

S. A. KADER
('hennal
January 10, 2002
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I-- PRINCIPLES OF PLEADING

(.Ir.\I'iER Su1uI:( F
P..\ciE

Headings (icnerallv 3-20

Facts, not Law 21 26
]II Material Facts ... 27 38
Facts, not 1i idence 39 --.45
Form ot Pleadings 46--56
VI Iirticti!ar' .
\ I] Al ternati e and Inconsistent Headings S4---92
VIII Variance bct ecn Pleading and Proof 93-120
IX A rnendmcnt of Plcadinijs on Direction b y Court 121— 132
N Voluntary Amendment of I'lcaclings 133--177
XI Frame of Suit ... ... l7$---196
XII Parties to Suit .. 197---250
VII Plaint -] 11C Structure ... 251- -265
XIV Plaint— 1hc Substantial Portion and Relief 266 .281
Defence .....
282 --323
XVI Appeals in General ... 324-----329
N VII Appeals. Requirements of 330-362
XVIII Applications or Petitions .. 363--409
NIX Affidavits 410— 413

PART 1 1— PR1:c'EDI:NTs

Plaint."
ints
417

1—Plaints in Stilts Arising out of Contract

Account
1. Suit a g ainst an a g ent ... ... ... ... 418
2. Suit against a commission agent ... ... ... 421
3. Sii h'y an Insurance agent against a company ...
423
4. Suit for, a g ainst a co-sharer ... ... ... 426
5. Suit for, against an ex-gLiardian ... ... ... 428
xi'

Account, suit on
Suit on mutual, open and current account... 429
6.
7. Suit oil which is not mutuaL and
alternatively on balance struck 431

Account Stated
account stated 433
8. Suit oil
9. Suit on original account with alternative claim
on account stated ...... '-(34
10. Similar suit between principal and a commission
agent .. ... ... 436
Suit for re-opening account 440
Ii.
Agent
Suit by an agent for commission ... 441
12.
Suit against del rec/e,'e age-it for price of goods 442
13.
Suit against an agent br disregarding instruct ions 443
14.
15. Suit, for breach of contract alternatively against a
principal and an alleged agent .444

16. Suit b an agent for money paid on behalf of the

principal ... ... 445
17. Suit by a commission agent in respect of K/nuti
transactions ... ... 44(1
IS. Suit against an agent for secret commission
.445
received b y him (impleading the other principal)
Like suit against agent alone 450
19.
20. Suit against an agent br damages for not using
due care and diligence 450

Assignment
451
21. Suit b y an assignee of a debt
22. Like suit, when the assignment was of sum due and
to other money to become due in future 452

Bond
Suit on a simple money bond 455
23.
Do. an instalment bond 457
24.
Do. a bond for the fidelity of a clerk... 455
25.
Do. a security bond ... 459
26.
Cancellation of an Instrument
27. Suit for cancellation of a sale-deed executed
by a minor ... ... 460
 xv

PAGI
28. Do. of deed of gift obtained by undue
influence ... ... .. ... 460
29. Do. of sale-deed obtained without plaintiff's
consent and by defendant's fraud •.. 461
30. Do. of' i11 executed while executant was
not in the proper senses ... ... ... 465
Charge
31 Suit for enforcement of a charge ... 467
Contribution
32. Suit for contribution between co-judgment-debtor 468
33. Do, do. co-sureties ......... ... 469
34. Do. do. joint-tort-fiasors ... ... 470
35 Do. do. co-mortgagors ... ... ... 472
Decree
36. Suit for damages for not certifying payment ofa decree 474
37. Do. refund of uncertified payment ... ... 474
Do. injunct i on to restrain execution ... . . 475
1)cposi t
39
Suit for recovery of deposit ... ... .. 476
Dower Debt
40. Suit for prompt dower ... ... .. 477
41. 1)o. doeratIerdisso1utjon ofniai-riage ... 479
42. Suit for dower by wife's heirs against husband's heirs 480
Guarantee
41 Claim on a guarantee of debt ... ... .. 483
44. Suit against surety for payment of rent ... ... 484
45. Do. principal as well as surety for price of goods 485
Heir
46. Suit on a bond against executant's son, being
member ofjotnt family ... ... ... 487
47. Do. executant's son, not being member ofjoint
family, and against another not heir ... 488
48. Do.a bond against member ot'joint Hindu family
of debtor not being son ... ... ... 489
Hire
49. Suit for hire and damages for breach of agreement 490


XVI

PAc;i:

Indemnity
50. Suit on express indemnity .. - 491

51. Do. do. ... 492

52. Do. an implied indemnity 493

Injunction
53. Suit for prohibitory injunction to restrain breach
of contract ... 494
54. Suit for an injunction restraining waste 494
55. Suit for mandatory and prohibitory iniunction 495

I nie rest
56. Claim for contractual interest 496
57. Do. customary interest 497
58. Claim for interest after notice 498
59. Do. Pendente lite and future interest in a
commercial case ... 499
60. Suit for interest only ... 500

•Judgineiil
61 Suit oil J' retunj udgment ... ... Sot)
Do. do. ... 51)1
62
Landlord and Tenant
63. Suit for arrears of rent ... ... .. 503
64. Suit for eleetment on determination ofteiiancv
by notice, with claim for mesne profits 505
65. Suit for ejectment on expiry of term 509
66. Do. for breach of covenant 510
67. Do. for denial ot'title 512
68. Suit by Gaon Sabha for recovery of possession ol
house on abadi site after Abandonment or
Escheat ... ... ... ..- 513
69. Suit for damages for landlords wrongful
disturbance ... ... 514
70. Suit b y tenant against landlord with special
damages ... ... 515

Licence
71. Suit for ejecting a licencee and for injunction 516
Master and Servant
72. Suit by servant for wages ... ... 517


xvii

73. Suit for damages for wrongful dismissal 515
74. Do. do. ...
519
75. Do. breach of contract to serve 520
\Ioruev Suits
76. Suit br money lent ...
77. Do. do. ...
75. Do. money paid for defendant at his request... 524
79. Do. money payable b y the de6'ndant, paid by
the plaintiff (section 69 Contract Act)
SO. Suit for money when it was paid or cn'-dcratiiin
51"
which has failed
SI. Do. do. ... ... ...
S2. Suit for refund ofmonev obtained b fraud
529
53. Do. money paid under mstake
54. Do. money overpaid . 3i)
do. ... 531
55. Do.
1 or t gage
56. Suit br sale or foreclosure
57. Do. do. .. 554
55.Su1t boi sale or boteclu).urc % k 11CIV mcnbeN of
J01 111 timily iinplcaded ...
59. Suit for sale or force oue v hen moriia g e b
53
certificated g uardian . . - .
90. Suit for redemption alleging sat i'uction 5.")
54()
91. Do. sale by equitable rnorigagce
92. Do. redemption 541
93. Do. redemption after tender ot morttagc
iflOflCV ... ... ...

542
545
94. Do. partteal redemption
95. Do. by a mortgagee for mortgage none'
or tor possession ... 54-I
Necessaries of life
96. Suit for necessaries 3upplied to ufe ...
5-1
97. Do. do. do. (living spai ately) 54()
Negotiable insturinents
95. Suit on a bill of exchange by endorsee agauit acceptor
54-
99. Suit by pa y ee against drawer br non-acceptance 545

100. Do. endorsee against endorser for non-payment 545

101. Do. endorsee against drawer, acceptor and endorser 549
55()
102. Do. endorsee of cheque against endoiser


XT ii

P \( II

>o, bi:cr or endorec of a croicd cheque

aoiint dra; er ... ,ti
1• 14. Suit on I1un& b y a pa yee .. .

(. Do. do. by an endorscc 552
'[)o 0115SF); : note ... ..
I )o p;onsor note and ;n [he alteri iti\ e
I ' ll Oil cina concideratloll ..
NrIncrship

I i or .ti'.iIut;n ii and aceouni
;t S5
W) I )o Jo. of partnership... )I
10 . Do do. 'indino upapaitnership..
)o do. kN indinu up on the allcgaton of
:lsOli0i1 Old lil the i!ternative 101 dissolution

5(i)
Pled 2&
1 Sw i by a ono nec °dr mone y and sale of nled..;ed

1. pc.:ce u:!.er !.) I . [\ ate '.ale of t t lepIopei iv 3(1:'
:'
Ioih a s and ( iiiir.
4 lil I .1 , rnc ol I illnr\ 0
I . e;irier or d lilages fol . delay
I)tt. ctti:i;1II1!l

1 6. ui1 ;u'ii.4 a et mon earner for in]ur) to iiotnk

I . Su0aan'.t ra;i'.\ a% br shc,rtaue n deliver':
II I'. Do. for delay in &]eli\Cry of goods
119 Do. Juiltauc to goods hile in tranot
ho. re fund of overcharge ... .
I 2 Do. 'os of luouaoe ... . .

22 .o ni lo; coI1lpea1iofl for death or inurv ii 5'( 1
ha in ace dent
22. ( laim tor refund of fare of frciizht
R ct iii COt I Oil

124. Suit 101° rectification 01 sale-deed ... 585

R-..ci'.siüii of contract

125 Suit or i CSCISS1O0 On wound CII 1)11 srcprcsentation 387

126. l)w do. do fraud 58$

12. ho, do. do. mistake 5 S)


XIX

P
Sale of goods
12. Suit for price of goods sold at fixed price and
deli vecd ... .. 590
129. Suit for price of goods sold and delivered when
no price fixed ... ... 591;
130. Suit for price of goods sold at a reasonable price
when no price was fixed 591
131. Suit for damages for not accepting uoods
purchased .. ... ... 592
132. Do. deficiency upon resale
133. Do. price of goods purchased but not accepted 59-1
134, Do. not accepting part and for price at part
accepted ... 594
135. Suit fur damages for not accepting goods 51)5
and in the alternative for lass on resale
136. Suit for balance due on account of mutual sales and
purchases of shares ... . . . ...
137. Suit for damages for non-deliver y of goods o1d 609
I 3. Do do. do. 61)
(>tr
139. Do. not delis erin eoods as per sample
140. Do. non-delivery alleging special damage (i(

141. Suit for ama g e tar deliverine inlrioi '-'00d - ((p

and not dclix cr y part at the goods
l-2. Suit for at articles prepared to aider 61)5

143. Do. do. do. 604

144, Do. speei fic performance of a contract to sc1

goods ... ... 1)04

Sale of land
145. Suit foi damages for breach of contract and speci tie
pertormance (by purchaser) ... 605
146. Suit for specific performance 612
14. Do. do. ... 614

145. Suit tar specific performance by seller) 615

149. Suit for i. e fund of purchase money on the gorund
aIde tct in title ... 61
M. Suit for refund of price when vendee deprived at
posession by vendors fraud ... ôlS
151. Suit for refund of price when no saleable
interest ... ... 620
152. Suit for unpaid purchase money by enforsement
of charge ... ... 621
 xx

PA ii L

153. Suit for breach of agreement to purchase 622

Use and Occupation
154. Suit for damages for use and occupation 624
155. 1)o do do. 624
I so. Do do. or alternativel y for mesne profits 625
157. Do. do. do. rent 625
Work
58. Claim for work done under a contract 626
159. Suit for failure to do work according to contract 627
160. Do. defective workmanship 628
161. Do. special damages for breach of contract to
do work within time ... 629
62. Suit for services at reasonable rate 629
163. Do. service and material at reasonable cost 63(1
164. Still for work dune at reasonable cost ... 630

111—Plaints in Stilts for hurts

.Anim-als
165. Suit for damages for the bite of delendant's dog.. 631
166. Do. do. done by cattle ... . 633
167. 1 A suit. 'hen plaintiffs flcld is on a highway 634
Ass. iilt and I3aucrv
168. Suit for assault and battery . . . .. 634
Attachment
169. Suit for damages for wrongful attachment 636
1U. Do. Do. attachment before judgment 638
('oulsj)iracv
171. Suit for conspirac y to defraud decree-holder 639
Conversion of goods
172. Suit for conversion ofgoods 641
173. Do. b y sending cattle to the pound (>42
Copyright
174. Suit for infringement ofcopyright 642
Detention of goods
175. Suit for movables inherited by plaintiff 046
 xxi
FAG i-

176. Do. movables wrongfully detained 647

177. Do. detention of hired goods... 648
178. Do. goods lent ... 648
179. Do. recovery of movables and injunction ($9
Easements, Wrong to
SO. Suit for obstruction to right of way ($9
181. Do. do. ... 654
182. Do. tic). a hihwav ... ... 655
183. Do. do. do. 655
184. Do. do. to fib" 01 ater 656
I S i . Do. do. to light and air 657
186. Do. interference with a right ot privacy 661)
187. Do. diverting water course 661
1 88. Do obstructing a right to use water for Imgatlon 662
prkoninent
False Imprisonment
189. Su t for false i mprisonir.elit ... .. 662
1911. Do. niovirie. pulice officer to make arrest 665
91. Do. arrest before j udenient ... 666
Fraud
192. Suit for settin aside decree obtained b y fraud 666
193. Do transfer made to defeat creditors ( I
194 Do. do. tb alternative claim for declarunon
that transfer is sham ... .. ('2
I 95. Suit tr procuring propert y by fraud ... 0-1
190. Fraudulently procuring credit to be given to another
person ... ... 674
19. Suit against a fraudulent pruchaser and his transferee
with notice ... ... 674
Injunction
198. Suit for rongtully obtaining an in 6.5
Legal Representative
199. Suit b y executor or administrator ...
200. Do. any other legal representative under
Act XII of 1855... ... 678
201. Suit against executor or administrator 679
202. Do. legal representative under Act XII of 1855 679
203. Suit under Act XIII of 1855 (Fatal Accident Act) 680
Libel
204. Suit for libel ... ... 681
xxii

PAGE

205. Suit by innuendo •0• 683

Malicious Prosecution
246. Suit for mahcious prosecution 686
do. 689
208. 1 ike Suit- \' hen case Seni up by police 691
Sit for 11131 I (ill )rosccutIOu and t'aise
Imprisonnient (>92
Ne gil g cii cc
210. Suit for negligent or rash drt'ing 693
211. Do. do. ... 694
212. Do. negligence of railwa y servant 695
213. Do. iiiurv caused b y professional negligence 696
214. Suit tw Injur y caused b y pro0ssionaI negligence
oldocior ... ... 699
N iii S.1 lice
21 ii it for carr y in g on noxious trade .. 7u2
216. Do. carrying on a noxious manufacture 704
21' Do. dnscharing water on p]ainiifr land 704
218. Representative Suit about public nuisance 705
219 Do. do. do. 707
220. Suit b y an :iidiN idual for public nuisance ... 707
221. Suit for polluting waler ... . ... 708
Do. injunction restraining nut sarice 709
Do. do. against digging plaintiff's land 710
Sale
'-;n: for damagc for %% I'01 1,11)
sale 711)
Sc tin cii o ii
225. Suit for seduction of w 711
Slander
226. Suit for slander . . . . . . . . 713
227. Do. ... 714
Trade Mark

228. Suit for infringement of trade mark 715
229. Suit for passing ofIgoods as plaintiffs' goods 718
Trespass to Goods

230. Suit for Injury to animal 722
• r /
it
I....

xxiii

231. Do. cutting and taking away trees 722

232. Do. cutting away plaintiff's crops 722
Do. movables appropriated by defendant 723
233.
234. Do. damages caused by theft 724

Trespass on Land
-'-Os
235. Suit for possession against trespasser ...
236. Do. possession under section 6 Specific
Rclief Act ... ... 726
--,-
2 Suit tor possession on g mund' ol 1 cory title
72')
23. Suit by one co-sharer against annhei
754
239. Suit br joint pOSSCSSiOfl ... ...
240. Suit against alienee ofjoint co-sharer 73-I

Ill—Plaints in Other Suits

Administration
ministration
.\dministration suit ... ... 7S
24
242. Suit for administrat i on by ,I 756
243. 1)0. do. by specific legatee
244. Do. do. bV pecuniary lecatee
245. Do. do. b y an heir . 738
246. Suit by a specific legatee against an executor for his
legacy ... .. 74()

Hindu
24. Suit for setting aside an adoption 74)
24S. Do. possession b y reversioner -.44
249. Do. declaration of inval iditv of idt''
transfer... 74
250. Suit against widow to restrain waste 751
25!. Suit for setting aside Hindu father's alienation 752
252. Do. possession of family propert y sold in
execution of a mortgage decree
253. Suit for setting aside execution sale against father 75$
254. Do. do. alienation by a member 7 :')
255. Suit by wife for maintenance 760
256. Suit by widow against husband's
763
} Omitted-
brothers for maintenance
Mohammedan Law
257. Suit for divorce on ground of impotency 763
Do. do. La'an 764
258.

1' .*
,

XXIV

PAUE

259. Suit by Mohammedan heir for posion of

property ... ... 767
.
Restitution of Conjugal rights
200. Suit for lcstilution oleonju al rights ...
g
770
261.Do. restitution with Injunction against relatives 771
Interpicader SLut .
u2. Interpleader Suit
772
Do. ... ... .5.
/a
Partition
7(- Suit for partition ofoint Hindu faiiroperty 774
I )o. parinion b purchaser of a -parceners
y

interest ...
: II
Suit for partition of joint famil properly .. .
y
779
267. Do. partition between CO-Owners 783
Declaration
(. Suit for declaration of title
784
I )o. declaration and alternatively for pOSSCSsion 786
Reist ration
7() Sun to compel registration ... . 758
Pre-emption
2'] . Suit for pre-emption under Mohammedan I .a 7$]
272. Do. pre-emption based on localUtoni 792
\linor'
Suit b minor for settin aside dccrQe obtained
y g

a ainst tim as ma]oi' . .

g
... 793
274. Suit b minor for setting aside a deeeon ground
y

of irregularities ... 794

25. Suit for setting aside decree oil ross of'
g

irregularity ... ... ti 796

276. Suit for setting aside a decree on ground of gross
negligence of guardian ... 797
277. Suit by major for setting aside decree$btained
against him as minor ... .... : 798
278. Suit for setting aside certificated guardian's transfer 799
279. 1)o. do. natural guardian's transfer 800

:. - •' ' .,. -.

5 ' . ,
 I-

xxv

PAGE

280. Suit for property transferred by de facto guardian 801

281. Do. do. by certificated guardian
without pernlission ... .. 803
282. Suit against minor's property for price of
necessaries ... ..
804
283. Do. on basis of guardian's contract 805
Trust
284. Suit by a specific legatee
806
285. Suit for execution of trusts
806
286. Suit under section 92, C. PC'.
807
287. Suit b y beneficiaries fr ejeciment of Irespasser
512
288. Suit under section 4. Relicious Endo ment Act 813

(;ciieral Defences
Accord and salisfaclion ...
$17
2 .\cquicscencc ... ..
818
3. Condition precedent
518
4. Custom or USaiIC
819
5. Denial ... •.. ...
820
6. Estoppel ... ...
82]
7. Fraud ... ... ...
S. 823
Illegality ... .
9. 823
Insolvenc y ... ... .,.
If) 523
Jurisdiction . . . . . . . ..
824
II. 1 iiiiiiaticin ... ...
825
12 1 inoritv ... ..
820
13. Misjomdcr ... ...
14, 827
Non-joinder ...
827
IS. Mistake... ..,
827
16. Notice ... ... ...
828
17. Insufficiency of notice ...
828
18. Pa yment ... ...
829
19. Pa y ment into Court •..
829
20. Performance remitted ...
830
21. Penalty ...... ...
830
22. Protest ... ... ...
830
23. Rescission ...... ..,
830
24. Registration ...
831
 ,..z.
&

Xxvi

PA(,F.

25. Res Judicata .. .. 831

831
26. Set off .. ...
832
27. Sta y of suit ... ...
28. Ground of de1nce subsequent to Institution of suit 833
29. Tender ... ... ... 833
833
30. Undue influence ... ...
834
31. Unsoundness of mind ...
835
32. Waier ... .. ...

Forms of Written Statements of Defendants

in the foIlo ing Stilts

Defence in suits on contract

1. Suit or accounts . . . ... $36
2. Suit on an account stated 837
839
3. Suit b y an aent for mone y piid ...
4. Suit b y agent fur khatli transaeton $39

5. Suit b y an assnznee of debt 840
$41
6. Suit on bonds ... ...
7. Do. an instalment bond 841
. Suit fur cancellation ola deed 842

9. 1)o. caiicellatloll of ill 843
contribution ... $43
10. Do.
ii, l)o. refund of decree money 844

12. Do. dower 8.1-4
,845
13. Suit on guarantee
an 845
14. Do. implied nndemnnt\
15. Suit forcjectrnent S4()

16. Do. do, on ground of denial of title 84()
17. Do. wione fill di cmi ssal 847

I 8. i)o. debt 848

19. Suit under section 69, Contract Act 848

20. Suit on a mortgage made by II indu manager $48
2 I . Suit for foreclosure 849

22. Suit on mortgage- - mortgagee claiming priority 849
do. 850
23. Do. do.

24. Suit for redemption 850

25. Defence to redemption suit 850
26. Defence claiming marshalling 851

27. Payee's suit on a Ilundi 851
 Xxvii

2$. Suit on a promissory note 851

29. Sin for dissolution ofparincrship ... 852
30. Suit for price of goods sold ... . $52
3'. Do goods sold and deli ere? $51
Do. not accepting good purchased $53
Do. not accepting (ICI! ver y . $54
34. Do. price of ar ides prepat ed to order 854
Do. specific performance $55
36. SUIt b y vendor for specific performance $56
Suit for breach of contract . . . .. 85(1
Defence in Suits oil Torts
Dc ftnce in all suits for wrong' .... . . 857
39. Suit Air damage (lone b y cattle ... ... $57

41) Do.rongfu! atiaehnent before udg:veiU 857
41. l)u. eoilspir'IeY to deflaud decree holder $58
42. 1 )o . iii tii ngemen i of copvri gh I
43. I )o detention of coods . 559
44, 1_)o. mov'ables in hen ted b y plaintiff $59
45. Do. obstruction of right of way MO
46. Do. obstruct ion of li g ht and air 861
47. Do. iniertrciice w;ih right ofprivaev $61
48. l)o. false imprisonment ... 862
49. Do. maliciously movin g a police offi cer-
to arrest $63
SO. Do. libel (tendering apo!og ) $63
51. Do. libel (pleading justification) $64
S.) Do. malicious prosectloll $64
Do. do. do. 865
54. Do. negi gent and rash driving 865
55. Do. do. do. 865
56. Suit relating to nuisance ... ... 866
57. Do. do. $67
5$. Do. seduction $67
59. Suit for slander . . 868
60. Do. do. $68
61. Do. do. 869
62. Do. in flingement of trade mark $70
63. Do. injury to animal 870
64. Suit for possession on ground of title 870
65. Do. do. by Goarn Sabha 870
 xxviii

PAGF
Defence in Other Suits

66. Administration suit by pecuniary legatee 871

67. Suit for setting aside adoption 871
68. Do. possession against 1-undo
widow's transferee ... 872

69. Do. declaration of invalidity of widow's transfer 872

70. Do. setting aside fathers alienation 873
71. Do. recovery of family propert y sold

avav in execution of decree against father $74
72. Suit br maintenance by vi Ic ... 874

73. Do. restitution of conjugal rights $75
74. 1)o. partition ... 875
75. Do. do. ... 876

76. Do. declaration of title $76

77. Do. pre-emption under Mohammedan La 876

7$. Suit b> minor for settin g aside decree 877

lcno (II J)I)eaIS

I. lorm of heading in appeal from a decree on Original

side (Calcutta) ... 87$
2. Form of heading in appeal frorn a decree on
Original side (Madras) 879
3. Appeal from a decree ... $80
4. Do. an order... 881

5. Do. an appellate decree
881
6. Cross-objection under 0.41 R.22 882

Revision

Application for revision . . . . . . ... 884

MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS

Applications under C.P.C.

I. Application under section 35-A (by defendant) ... $85

2. Do. do. (by plaintiff) ... ... ... 885
3. Transfer of decree for execution (section 39) ... 886
4. Judgment debtor's objection under section 47 ... 887


XXIX

Application under section 95 888
6. Do. section 144 ... 889
I. Do, for amendment of plaint, judgment and decree $92
8. l)o. under 0.1 R.8 ... $93
9 Do. for substitution of plainti ft . . 89.4
10. Do. for substitution of defendant 895
II. Do. for substituted service ... 895
12. Do. sinking out pleadings 89(
13.
Do. for rejection of plaint 896
14. Do. for amendment of plaint 896
15. 1)o. do. ... 897
16.
Do. for particulars (by deicndant) 897
Do. do. (b y plaintiff) ... . . . $98
1$.
Do. under 0.9, R.4 or 9 $98
19. l)o. under 0.9. R. 13 ... 89$
20. Do. do. ... ... ... 899
21. Do. under 0.11. R. I for lea e to dc]i er
interrogatories ... ... 900
r) Do. under 0.1 I. R. 12 for discover y of documents
900
23 Do. for an order for inspection under
().1l.R. 1$([j ... 901
24.
Do. for inspection under 0.11. R. 18(2) 902
25.
Do. for summoning record under 0.13. R. 10 902
26. Certificate of 1)ccree holder (0.2 1, R.2)... 904

27. Application under 0.21, R.2(2) 904

2$. Petition ol'claim under 0.21. R.58 905

29. Do. under 0.2 1, R.89 905
30. Do. under 0.2 1, R.90 (oil ground ofirregulantv 907
Do. do.
(on
ground of fraud) 909
Do. under 0.21. R.91 910

Do. under Q.2],R.97 910
34. Application under 0.2] . R.99 . . . ... 911
35. Do. for substituting heirs of a deceased

1)1aintifl(0.22, R.3) 912
36 Do. for substituting heirs of a deceased defendant
(0.22. R.4) ... 912
37 Do. to set aside an abatement of suit
(0.22, R.9) ... 913
38 Do. do. do. 913
39 Do. for withdrawal with liberty to being a fresh
suit (0.2]. R. 914


xxx

P..\1:,i

40. Do. for recordin g comp romise, (0.23,R.3)
9(5
41. Do. for secunty for costs (0. 25. RA) 916
42. Do. for appointment of guardina ad /item of minor

defendant under 0. 32, R., 917

43. Do. to sue as indigent person (0.33. R. 2) 918
44. Do. ftr a final decree for foreclosure 919
45. Do. do. for sale ... .. . 919
46. Do. under 0. 34. R. 6 ... 921)
Do tr redemption ( b y pla till It')
4.
under 0. 34. 1<. 8) 92 1
0o. Ir Ir final decree for redemption
(b y defendant ) under 0. 34. R.S( 2)... 921
49. Do. lot' arrest be (ore j LidCnhent
1 i th a ffdavi t
under 0. 38. R. I 921
50. Do. for attachment he lore judgemni
(with afiida it) ...
922
51. Do. IM lcmporai' irj unction (with affidavit) 92-)
52. Application lr punishment for breach of iniunctum 923
53. I )o. fr appointment of receiver (with affidavu
54. Do. for appointment of receiver in a slut I
partit toil . . . . . . . S
55. l)u. tot' slav of execution pending appeal (with
affidavit) ((). 41. R. 5(2)1 929
sO. Do. Or slav of execution pending appeal (with
affidavit). 10 41. R. 5(l)1 93))
57 , Do. fr rck iew of udement ... . . . 930
5$. Do. ftir perIlliSiofl to appeal
as all person
under 0. 44, R. I 932

Applications under Guardians and Wards Act

932
59. Application for appointment ola guardian
60. Do. do. for inter-country adoption
(section 7) ... 935
01. Do. for declaring guardian ... 937
62. Do. for temporary protection of minor's property
under section 12 938
63. Do. under section 12 for Interim protection of a
minor ...
938
64. Do. by a guardian to transfer property 939


XXXI

-I

.1)I)Iicatiflhls under I uidiau Succession .\cl

(I:' \ppiicail&In for a SULCeSIIOn certificate 94)

(1(1 Do. to!' C1eflI)Ti of C101 CCIII call.- 041

(1 Do. for ic' ocalion 0 I icceiion CerlilKilt: ad
section 383 -

I )o. W 'iroha te 042

()9. Do for probate for \\ hole (u india 943

0 Do. do. of COli\' ota ••\ ill ... 944
Do. do. of drall of' a v, ill ...
Do. do. (if cop ,, hen ori g inal abroad 1)45
Do. do. of the cnri:cnIs of a lost xviI) ...
-4. Do. 6ir revocation of robate undcr ecuoti 263

Do. for feilcis of administration 11111cr section 27 0-4 /

(I I)(,. do. ' oh a dl aliflC\Cd 9J
Po. br appol Ill n'icnt-1icuraboI undci cLiion 192

.4pplica(ions under Insolvency Act

I).:)
. Petition for i no1 \ cue v b y a debtor
l)o do. Iv a crediir ... 1)11)

.(I. :\pplic.ib ion oi protection order under cc:'n 0:0
1 . Do. or discharie under rectum 41 ..
Do. br annulment of auudicaiion .
s3. Dr. for avoidaiice of transfer under section 53 951
54. Do. Ibr avoidance of fraudi1ent preference
under ection 54(1) ...
Do. b y third party against attachment by
receiver under section 86

Applicaion under Transfer of Property Act

X Application under section 83 ... 953

87 Repl y to the above 953
58 Application for appotninint ofarbitrator ... 954
89
Do. for substitution of arbitrator ... 6

90 Do. for appoi itment of third arbitrator

958
91 Do. for removal of arbitrator 958

Do. for filing award under section 14 959
9 (2)
9 3 Do. for modify award (sect i on 15) 900


Xxxii

I'AI.,E

94. Do. for remitting award (section 16) . . 961

95. Do. for reference in pendng usit (section 20) 962
96. Do. for correction of award ... ... 962
97. Do. for addition award ... ... ... 963
98. Do. to set aside an award ... ... ... 964

Petitions under Indian Divorce Act

99 Petition b y husband for dissolution of marriage 965

IOU. Do. b wife do. do. 966
101.
Do. by v iI'e for nullity otmaniage 9,110
2. Do. by husband do. do.... 971
3. Do. by wife for judicial separation on uroi:nd
of a du I te ry ... ... ... ... . - 974
4.
Do. by ' it'e, on ground of cruelty 976

105. Do. do. desertion 977
106. Petition for protection order . . . ... 978
7. 979
Do. by wife for restitution of conjugal rights

8. Respondent's reply to petition No. 97 979
109. Co-respondent ' s do..... . . . . 9T()
lii) Repl y io pc1iion No. 101... 9()

Petitions under Hindu Marriage Act

I I (indu vi fe's petition for dissolution ofmarriagc 9O
112
Do. do. for nullity of marriage 982

113. Do. do. forjudicia] separation 984

114. Do do. for restitution ofconu gal right 985

115. Hindu husband's petition for dissolution of marriage 986
II.
Do. do. for nullity of marriage 986
II? Do. do. for judicial separation ... 987
M.
Do. do. for restitution oiconuugal rights 987
119. Petition ftir divorce by mutual consent . . . 988

Applications under Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

120 Application for compensation for motor accident claim 990
Application under Land Acquisition Act
121. Application for reference to court under Land

Acquisition Act 997
 xxxiii

PAGE
Part III-Vsrits

1. Habeas Corpus Petition against preventive

detention under National Security Act ... ... 1005
2. Application for interim relief along with Habeas
Corpus petition ... ... ... ... 1013
3. Habeas Corpus Petition against preventive detention
under COFEPOSA Act ... 1014
......
4. Habeas Corpus Petition against Preventive detention
under the Prevention of Black Marketing
and Maintancance of of Supplies 01
Essential Commodities Act ... ... 1015
5. habeas Corpus Petition against imprisonment
pending criminal investigation ... ... ... 1015
6. habeas Corpus Petition agaisnt detcntin in beggars'
Home, Women's Protection l-lome. I unatie
As y lum. etc............. ... ... 1016
7. Habeas Corpus Petition in repeet oldetentitin h
pri ate individual . . . . ...
8. Petition for QUO Warranto ... ... ... ... 11)21>
9. Petition for Writ of Certiorari in respect ofjudicial
proceedings ... . . ... . . . . 11)22
10. Petition for writ of Certiorari and Mandamus in
respect of quasi judicial proceedings ... ... 1029
11. Petition for a writ of mandamus against Government
or an officer of Government ... ... ... 1036
12. Like petition against a statutory
corporation ... ... ... .. .. 1039
13. Like petition agaisnt a non-statutor y body ... ... 1039
14. Petition for writ ofProhihitation and other ancillary
reliefs agaisnt proceedings in a court ... ... 1041
iS. Petition for like relief against proceedings before a
Tribunal ... ... ... ... ... 104

Part IV—Election Petitions

Form of Election Petition ... ... ... ... 1049

$

l.

PART I

PRINCIPLES OF PLEADINGS

-, 4
*

I,
- a