1 .
Bởi vì
Since, As, Because + S + V + …⇔ Because of, Due to, As a result of + Noun/ V-ing
Because it’s raining now, we can’t go to work.↔ Because of the rain, we can’t go to work.
2. Mặc dù
Although/Though/Even though + S + V + …⇔ Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ V-ing
Although it was very noisy, we continued to study our lessons.↔ In spite of the noise, we continued to study our
lessons.
3. Quá…đến nỗi mà….
S + be/ V + so + Adj/ Adv. + that …⇔ It + be + such + Noun + that
This film is so boring that no one wants to see it.↔ It is such a boring film that no one wants to see it.
4. Quá….đến mức không thể
S + be/ V + so + Adj/ Adv. + that hoặc It + be + such + Noun + that ⇔ too + Adj. (for somebody) + to V
These shoes are so small that he can’t wear it.↔ These shoes are too small for him to wear.
It was such a difficult question that we can’t find the answer.↔ The question was too difficult for us to answer.
5. Quá…để….
S + V + too + Adj. + to V⇔ not + Adj. + enough + to V
Yuri is too fat to wear that dress.↔ Yuri is not thin enough to wear that dress.
6. Cảm thấy…
To V + be + Adj./Noun⇔ S + find + it + Adj./Noun + to V
To live in the countryside alone could be hard for her.↔ She finds it hard to live alone in the countryside.
7. Viết lại câu điều kiện tương đương trong tiếng Anh
Câu gốc Câu viết lại Ví dụ
Janet didn’t bring her raincoat, so she got wet.
If + mệnh đề 1, mệnh
mệnh đề 1 + so + mệnh đề 2 ↔ If Janet had brought her raincoat, she wouldn’t
đề 2
have got wet
mệnh đề 1 + because + If + mệnh đề 2, mệnh I can’t go out because I don’t have money
mệnh đề 2 đề 1 ↔ If I had money, I could go out
8. Chuyển đổi câu If not sang unless
If … not ⇔ Unless …: Không được thay đổi loại câu điều kiện, chỉ được thay đổi nghĩa phủ định hay nghi vấn của nó
If it doesn’t rain, we can go picnic.↔ Unless it rains, we can go picnic.
9. Viết lại câu với thì hiện tại hoàn thành sang thì quá khứ đơn
(+) S + has/have + not + Vp2 + for/since +…
= It is/has been + khoảng thời gian + since + S + last + V(quá khứ đơn).
= S + last + V(quá khứ đơn) + … ago/mệnh đề quá khứ đơn.
= The last time + S + V(quá khứ đơn) + was + … ago/mệnh đề quá khứ đơn.
I haven’t played the piano for 2 years /since I was small.
=It has been 2 years since I last played the piano
= I last played the piano 2 years ago /when I was small.
= The last time I played the piano was 2 years ago /when I was small.
(+) S + has/have + not + V(p2) + before= It/This is the first time + S + has/have + V(p2)
They haven’t watched this movie before= It/This is the first time they have watched this movie
S + has/have + V(p2) + for + khoảng thời gian.= S + BEGAN/STARTED + Ving + khoảng thời gian + ago.
She has worked as a teacher for 10 years. = She began/started working as a teacher 10 years ago.
When did S + V(nguyên thể) + …?= How long have/has S + V(p2) + …?
When did you buy that bike?= How long have you had that bike?
10. Chuyển đổi câu điều ước
She won’t come back here.
Câu ước ở tương lai wish + someone + would + bare infinitive
↔ I wish she would come back here.
I don’t have lots of money.
Câu ước ở hiện tại wish + someone + V2/-ed
↔ I wish I could have lots of money.
I didn’t say that I love him.
Câu ước ở quá khứ wish + someone + had + V3/-ed
↔ I wish I had said that I loved him.
11. Dành/tốn thời gian làm gì
S + V + … + [thời gian]⇔ It takes/took + someone + [thời gian] + to V
Betty walks to school in 15 minutes.↔ It takes Betty 15 minutes to walk to school.
12. Mãi cho tới khi
S + didn’t + V (bare) + …. until …⇔ It was not until + … + that + …
Nam didn’t go home until he finishes all the tasks.↔ It was not until Nam finished all the tasks that he went home.
13. Đã đến lúc
S + should/ought to/had better + V …⇔ It’s (high/about) time + S + V2/-ed …
You‘d better go to bed.↔ It‘s (high/about) time you went to bed.
14. Đề nghị, rủ rê
Shall we + V
⇔ Let’s + V
⇔ How/What about + V-ing
⇔ Why don’t we + Vb
⇔ S + suggest + that + S + Vb (gợi ý cho người khác làm)
+ V-ing (người gợi ý cùng làm)
⇔ In my opinion,……
15. Câu tường thuật dạng bị động:
Câu chủ động Câu bị động Ví dụ
People say that he drinks a lot of wine.
It be said that + S + V
↔ It is said that he drinks a lot of wine.
People say + S + V + …
People say that he drinks a lot of wine.
S + be said to + V hoặc to have V3/-ed
↔ He is said to drink a lot of wine.
18. Thích hơn
S + prefer + doing st to doing st⇔ S + would rather + do st than do st
I prefer staying at home to hanging out with him.↔ I would rather stay at home than hang out with him.
19. Nên…hơn
S + would prefer + sb + to V⇔ S + would rather + sb + V2/-ed
Ví dụ: I would prefer you not to stay up late.↔ I would rather you not stayed up late.
20. Để…
S1 + V + so that/ in order that + S2 + V⇔ S + V + (for O) + to infinitive
S + V + in order + for O + (not) + to + Vb….
S + V + so as +for O + (not ) +to + Vb
My dad turned off the TV so that we could sleep↔ My dad turned off the TV for us to sleep.
*Lưu ý: nếu không có “for O”, trong cấu trúc “in order to” và “so as to” thì S1=S2
21. Đáng….
To be + not worth + V-ing⇔ There + be + no point in + V-ing
It’s not worth getting upset about this↔ There’s no point in getting upset about this.
22. Câu cảm thán
S + be/V + adj/adv⇔ How + adj/adv + S + be/V S + be + adj⇔ What + a/an + adj + N
She runs quickly↔ How quickly she runs! She is so beautiful↔ What a beautiful girl!
23. Cần
Need to V⇔ to be necessary (for sb) + to V
You don’t need to come here↔ It’s not necessary for you to come here.
24.Không còn…. Nữa
No longer + đảo ngữ⇔ S + no more + V⇔S + give up +V-ing/N⇔S+used to +Vb
I don’t smoke anymore↔ No longer do I smoke
↔ I no more smoke
↔ I give up smoking
↔ I used to smoke
25. Quen với
S + be accustomed to + V-ing/N⇔ S + be used to + V-ing/N
Ví dụ: My brother was accustomed to sleeping late.
↔ My brother was used to sleeping late.
26. Có cái gì được làm bởi ai
Chủ động: S +have+ someone+ Vb
+Get + to V
Bị động: S + have/get + something + V(ed/PII).…
Minh has her dad fix her watch
gets to fix
Minh has/gets her watch fixed (by her dad)
27. Đổi từ tính từ-> trạng từ
S+ tobe+(a/an)+ adj+ N ⇔ S+ V+ adv
She is a good singer ⇔ She sings well
He is a dangerous driver ⇔ he drives dangerously
Bài tập 1: Rewrite the following sentences by changing the indicated component
1. The man was furious. (adjective)
2. The council would not collect the rubbish. (verb)
3. We watched a film on birds. (preposition)
4. The bus was late because of the bad traffic. (clause order)
5. The gate was opened by a guard. (active tense)
6. When she got home, the door was unlocked (time clause position)
7. She cooked a pie, some potatoes, and green vegetables. (reorder list)
8. The game was cancelled because it rained. (replace the dependent clause with a noun phrase)
9. I can’t go to work on time because it rains so heavily
10. I often played kite flying when I was a child
11. We discuss environmental change issues
12. It appears that it is raining
13. She has interest in practicing aerobics in her free time
Bài tập 2: Bài tập viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa
1. My mother used to play volleyball when she was young.
=> My mother doesn’t…………………………………….
2. “Let’s go fishing”.
=> She suggests…………………………………… …
3. Mike gave me a dress on my birthday.
=> I was……………………………………….. ……………
4. “Would you like orange juice?”
=> He………………………………………… ……………
5. I last saw Jenny when I was in Ha Noi City.
=> I haven’t seen……………………………………….
6. I got lost because I didn’t have a map.
=> If I had………………………………………..….
7. It is a four-hour drive from Nam Dinh to Ha Noi.
=> It takes……………………………………… ……
8. I think the owner of the car is abroad.
=> The owner………………………………………
9. It’s a pity him didn’t tell me about this.
=> I wish………………………………………. ……………
10. You couldn’t go swimming because of the rain heavily.
=> The rain was too………………………………………..
Bài tập 3: Bài tập viết lại câu giữ nguyên nghĩa
1. I can’t go to work on time because it rains so heavily => ………………………………………
2. I often played kite flying when I was a child => ………………………………………
3. We discuss about environmental change issues => ………………………………………
4. It appears that it is raining => ……………………………………..
5. She has an interest in practicing aerobics in her free time => ……………………………………..
6. Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room =>………………………………………………..
7. She always speaks no care => ………………………………………………………….
8. She has learned English for 5 years => …………………………………………………………….
9. He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything => …………………………………….
10. Because she is absent from school => …………………………………………………
11. It was an interesting film => …………………………………………………………….
12. I don’t think she loves me => ……………………………………………………
Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu nghĩa không đổi nâng cao
1. In his recent article, Bob Lee pointed out all the faults in the government’s new transport policy.
In his recent artilce, Bob Lee was…………………
2. The company have been reviewing their recruitment policy for the last three months.
The company’s …………………
3. I’m absolutely sure he took the money on purpose.
He couldn’t possibly…………………
4. He delayed writing his book until he had done a lot of research.
Only after…………………
5. They declaired war on the pretext of defending their territorial rights.
The excuse…………………
6. I feel that I don’t fit with the people in the new office.
I feel like…………………
7. Skysrapers in the USA are on average taller than anywhere else in the world.
The average …………………
8. We were very impressed by the new cinema but found it rather expensive.
Impressed…………………
9. It’s more than a fortnight snice anyone saw Julian.
Julian…………………
10. The deadline for the receipt of complete application forms is 3.00 p.m on Friday, 18th December.
Complete application …………………
Bài tập 5: Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning
1. I regret spending so much money.
I wish I ________________________________________________
2. What’s the height of the mountain?
How _________________________________________________
3. I don’t feel as tired after a train journey as I do after a car journey.
I feel more ___________________________________________
4. Cars are faster than buses.
Buses _______________________________________
5. He turned off the light, then he went out.
Turning __________________________________________
6. Theatre program usually have lots of information.
There ________________________________________
7. He has been collecting stamps for five years.
He started ________________________________________________
8. More newspapers are being sold in this city.
People are __________________________________________________
9. They were giving their son some presents when we came.
Their son _______________________________________________
10. He spends two hours a week sorting out stamps.
Sorting out ____________________________________________
Bài tập 6: Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning
1. My mother bought me a nice blouse.
A nice blouse ___________________________________________
2. They say that the company is in difficulty.
The company ___________________________________________
3. You can get suntan by sunbathing.
If you _____________________________________________
4. “Would you mind waiting for a few minutes ?”
We __________________________________________________
5. “Where’s the best place to buy souvenirs ?”
I asked her ___________________________________
6. You won’t lose weight if you don’t stop eating much.
Unless you ____________________________________
7. To know English is necessary.
It is ______________________________________________
8. May Day is considered to be the day of the working class.
Everyone _______________________________________
9. In Stratford upon – Avon we saw Shakespeare’s birthplace.
We saw the house ___________________________________
10. There are far more heavy lorries on the road than there used to be.
There didn’t __________________________________________
Đáp án bài tập
Đáp án bài 1
1. The man was angry.
2. The council refused to collect the rubbish.
3. We watched a film about birds.
4. Because of the bad traffic, the bus was late.
5. A guard opened the gate.
6. The door was unlocked when she got home.
7. She cooked green vegetables, a pie and some potatoes.
8. The game was cancelled because of the rain.
9. I can’t go to work on time because of heavy rain.
10. I am used to playing kite flying when I was a child.
11. We have a discussion about environmental change issues.
12. It is likely that it is raining.
13. She is interested in practicing aerobics in her free time.
Đáp án bài 2
1. My mother doesn’t play volleyball anymore.
2. She suggests going fishing.
3. I was given a dress on my birthday.
4. He invited me for orange juice.
5. I haven’t seen Jenny since I was in Ha Noi City.
6. If I had had a map, I wouldn’t have gotten lost.
7. It takes four hours to drive from Nam Dinh to Ha Noi.
8. The owner of the car is thought to be abroad.
9. I wish he had told me about it.
10. The rain was too heavy for you to go swimming.
Đáp án bài 3
1. I can’t go to work on time because of heavy rain.
2. I am used to playing kite flying when I was a child.
3. We have a discussion about environmental change issues.
4. It is likely that it is raining.
5. She is interested in practicing aerobics in her free time.
6. Police have him identify the other man in the next room.
7. She is always careless about her words.
8. It takes her 5 years to learn English.
9. He does not speak softly.
10. Because of her absence from school.
11. What an interesting film!
12. At no time do I think she loves me.
Đáp án bài 4
1. In his recent article, Bob Lee was critical of the government’s new transport policy.
2. The company’s recruitment policy has been under review for the last three months.
3. He couldn’t possibly have taken the money by mistake.
4. Only after he had done a lot of research did he begin to write the book.
5. The excuse for the declairation of war was the defence of their territorial rights.
6. I feel like a fish out of water in the new office.
7. The average skyscraper in the USA is taller// higher// bagger than anywhere else in the world. Or: The average
height// size of skyscraper in the USA is greater than anywhere else in the world.
8. Impressed as we were by the new cinema, we found it rather expensive.
9. Julian was last seen ( more than) a fortnight // two weeks ago.
10. Complete application forms must be handed in// returned// redeived// submitted by// no later then 3.00 p.m
on Friday, 18th December.
Đáp án bài 5
1. I wish I hadn’t spent so much money
2. How high the mountain is?
3. I feel more tired after a train journey than after a car journey.
4. Buses aren’t as fast as buses.
5. Turning off the light, he went out.
6. There are usually lots of information in a theatre program
7. He started collecting stamps five years ago.
8. People are selling more newspapers in this city.
9. Their son was being given some presents when we came.
10. Sorting out his stamps takes him two hours.
Đáp án bài 6
1. A nice blouse was bought for me by my mother.
2. The company is said to be in difficulty.
3. If you sunbathe, you can get a suntan.
4. We were asked to wait for a few minutes
5. I asked her Where was the best place to buy souvenirs
6. Unless you stop eating much, you won’t lose weight
7. It is necessary to know English.
8. Everyone considers May Day is the day of the working class.
9. We saw the house in Stratford upon – Avon where Shakespeare’s was born.
10. There didn’t use to be heavy lorries on the road
