SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
1. TO_INF + BE + ADJ...
→ IT + BE + ADJ + TO -Vo
To sit here with you is so nice. → It’s so nice to sit here with you.
2. IT + BE + ADJ + Ving
→ HOW + ADJ + (IT + BE) + TO_INF
It’s so nice sitting here with you. → How nice (it is) to sit here with you.
(Ngồi đây với bạn thật tuyệt)
3. TO_INF ...+ BE + ADJ/N
→ S + V + IT + ADJ/N + TO -Vo
To be there on time is important. → I find it important to be there on time.
(Tôi nhận thấy có mặt ở đó đúng giờ thì rất quan trọng)
4. THAT CLAUSE + BE + ADJ
→ S + V + IT + ADJ + THAT CLAUSE
That we should keep calm is important → I think it important that we should keep calm.
(Quan trọng là chúng ta phải giữ bình tĩnh)
5. TOO + ADJ + FOR(O)...+ TO_INF
→ ...SO + ADJ + THAT/IT+BE+SUCH + (A/AN+ ADJ) + N + THAT
The tea was too hot for me to drink. (Trà nóng quá tôi không thể uống)
→ The tea was so hot that I couldn’t drink it. (Trà nóng đến nỗi tôi không thể uống được)
→ It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it. (Đõ là một tách trà nóng đến nỗi tôi k thể uống đc)
6. ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR (O)...TO_INF
→...SO + ADJ + THAT/ IT+BE+SUCH + (A/AN + ADJ) + N + THAT
This song is simple enough for all of us to sing.
(Bài hát này đủ đơn giản để tất cả chúng ta hát)
→ This song is so simple that all of us can sing it.
(Bài hát này đơn giản đến nỗi tất cả chúng ta đều hát được)
→ It is such a simple song that all of us can sing it.
7. ...SO + ADJ + THAT(phủ định)
→ IT+BE+SUCH + (A /AN+ ADJ) + N + THAT ……
→ TOO + ADJ + FOR (O)..+ TO_INF
→ S +BE(NOT) +ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR ...TO_INF
The jacket is so small that I can’t wear it.
→ It is such a small jacket that I can’t wear it.
→ The jacket is too small for me to wear.
→ The jacket is not big enough for me to wear .
8. TOO + ADJ + FOR...+ TO_INF
↔ ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR ...TO_INF
The tea was too hot for her to drink. ↔ The tea was not cold enough for her to drink.
9. .... SO + ADJ + THAT ……
↔ IT+BE+SUCH + (A/AN + ADJ) + N + THAT ……
It is such lovely weather that we spend the whole day in the garden.
→ The weather is so lovely that we spend the whole day in the garden.
10. Clauses and phrases:
A.Clauses and phrases of reason:bởi vì
Because/ Since/As + Clause ( S+V )
Because of/ Due to/ Thanks to /Owing to+ Phrase ( N phrase/ V-ing
phrase )
B.Clauses and phrases of concession:mặc dù
Although/ Though/ Even though + Clause ( S+V ) =In spite of the fact
that +S+V
In spite of/ Despite + Phrase ( N phrase/ V-ing phrase )
*LƯU Ý: không dùng but sau Although/ Though/ Even though ,In spite of / Despite( không
đi với of)
1
Cách đổi : S+V Noun Phrase
1. S(noun)+be+Adj Adj+Noun
2. S+be+Adj my,his,your,our,her,their,its +Noun(Noun’s Noun)
Adj Noun
ill illness
sick sickness Ex : He was ill His illness
noisy noise
sad sadness
happy happiness
3. V + Adv Adj+ Noun
Verb Noun
behave behavior Ex: He behaves wellHis good hehavior
rain rain
work work
Adv Adj
very great
well good
heavily heavy
4. Verb Ving
Ex:
1. Because the weather is hot, I open the window.
Because of the hot weather, I open the window.
2.Although the weather was hot, we went out.
In spite of the hot weather, we went out.
3. Because he is lazy , he often gets bad marks .
Because of his laziness , he often gets bad marks .
4. Because the husbands were absent ,women went to work in factories.
Because of the absent husbands ,women went to work in factories.
Because of the husbands’ absence , women went to work in factories.
5. Although she didn’t ask him , he helped her.
In spite of her not asking him , he helped her.
6. It was raining heavily , but the boys were playing football.
Although/though It was raining heavily,the boys were playing football.
10. IF..................NOT.......... = UNLESS+S+V=WITHOUT+N.............(Nếu không.....thì/ Trừ phi.........)
He’ll die if nobody brings him to hospital.
↔ Unless somebody brings him to hosital, he’ll die.
(Anh ấy sẽ chết nếu không có ai đưa tới bệnh viện/
Trừ phi có người đưa anh ấy đến bệnh viện, anh ấy sẽ chết)
11. *Lưu ý: Viết lại câu với mệnh đề If
1.Thì hiện tại if loại 2
2.Thì quá khứ if loại 3
3. loại 2 và 3 có thể kết hợp
4 Sau “so” là mệnh đề chính
5.Sau “because” là mệnh đề If
6.Nguyên nhân là mệnh đề If, kết quả là mệnh đề chính.
7. câu phủ định câu xác định và ngược lại xác định câu phủ định
EX ;
1. I am not a teacher,so I can’t teach children.
2
↔ If I were a teacher, I could teach children.
2. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.
↔ If we had had enough money, we would/could have gone on holiday.
3. I’m having a lot of trouble now because I lost my passport last week.
If I had not lost my passport last week, I would not have a lot of trouble now
12. WISH / IF ONLY
Hiện tại: S + wish + S + V2/ed(BE WERE)
If only + S + V2/ed(BE WERE)
I am poor now. I wish / If only I were rich.
Quá khứ: S + wish + S + HAD +V3/ed
If only + S + HAD +V3/ed
I didn’t meet her . I wish / if only I had met her.
Tương lai: S + wish + S + would / could + Vo
If only + S + would / could + Vo
I can attend your wedding next week. I wish I could attend your wedding next week.
Lưu ý:khi viết lại câu với wish :câu phủ định câu xác định và ngược lại xác định câu phủ định
13. S + HAVE/HAS+V3/ed+FOR + ( Period of time )
↔ SINCE+( a point of past time ) ↔ IT IS + TIME+SINCE + V2/ed
I haven’t seen her for three weeks. ↔ It’s three weeks since I last saw her.
14. S + HASN’T/HAVEN’T/NEVER+ V3/ed +BEFORE
↔ IT IS THE FIRST TIME + S + HAVE /HAS+ V3/ed
I haven’t seen that man here before. ↔ It’s the first time I have seen that man here.
15. S + V2/ED +TIME +AGO.
↔ S + HAVE/HAS +BEEN + V_ing + SINCE/FOR+TIME
I started working for the company a year ago.
↔ I’ve been working for the company for a year.
↔ I’ve been working for the company since last year.
16. S +HASN’T/ HAVEN’T + V3/ED +SINCE+S+V2ed/TIME
↔ S + LAST + V2/ED+WHEN... ↔THE LAST TIME +S+ V2/ED+WAS.....
Laurence hasn’t seen her sister since she left for Japan.
(Laurence đã không gặp chị cô ấy từ khi đi học ở Nhật Bản)
↔ Laurence last saw her sister when she left for Japan.
(Laurence gặp chị cô ấy lần cuối cùng khi cô ấy đi học ở Nhật Bản)
Lucy hasn’t worn that dress since Barbara’s wedding.
(Kể từ khi Barbara cưới, Lucy đã không mặc chiếc áo đó nữa)
↔ The last time Lucy wore that dress was Barbara’s wedding.
(Lần cuối cùng khi Lucy mặc chiếc áo đó là khi cưới Barbara)
17. S + Spend / spent + TIME + Doing (Sth)
↔ IT + TAKE/TOOK + (O) + TIME + TO_INF
I spend thirty minutes a day studying/ to study English.
(Mỗi ngày tôi dành 30 phút học Tiếng Anh)
↔ It takes me 30 minutes a day to study English.
We wrote a letter in two hours. ↔ It took us two hours to write a letter.
18 . S + V + DID/COULD + NOT+Vo.........UNTIL+TIME/CLAUSE
( Mãi cho đến................mới..............)
↔ IT WAS NOT UNTIL+TIME/CLAUSE THAT+S+V2/ed/COULD+Vo
He couldn’t speak French well until the second year.
↔ It was not until the second year that he could speak French well.
(Mãi đến năm thứ 2 anh ấy mới nói tiếng Pháp giỏi)
19. S + V + O ↔ HAVE + O(sb) + Vo↔ HAVE + O(st) + V3/ed
The garage is going to repair the car for us next week.
(Garage sẽ sửa xe cho chúng tôi vào tuần sau)
↔ We are going to have our car repaired next week.
(Tuần sau chúng tôi sẽ nhờ người sửa xe)
20. SOMEONE SAY
PEOPLE/ THEY + KNOW/ THINK…… + (THAT)+S2+V2
