BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Architecture, Fine Arts, and Interior Design

Architecture Department

CENTRO CALAMBA

Rehabilitating Calamba through a

Proposed Central Complex

Brgy. Real, Calamba City, Laguna

A Thesis Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of Architecture, Interior Design and Fine Arts

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Interior Design

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for

Research Methods I

Submitted by:
ARC 4107
Landicho, Armon
Pagaspas, Kobe Bryant

Submitted to:

Ar. Axel Catapang

Instructor
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

ABSTRACT ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

DEDICATION v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF FIGURES vii

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF APPENDICES ix

Chapter I – The Problem and Its Background

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Background of the Study

1.3 Significance of the Study

1.4 Objectives of the Study

1.4.1 Project Objectives

1.4.2 Design Objectives

1.5 Statement of the Problem

1.6 Theoretical Framework

1.7 Conceptual Framework

1.8 Scope and Delimitation

1.9 Definition of Terms

1.10 Acronym
Chapter II – Review of Related Literature

2.1 Foreign Researches

2.2 Local Researches

2.3 Foreign Studies

2.4 Local Studies

2.5 Synthesis

Chapter III – Research Methodology

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Data Analysis and Presentation

3. 2.1 Site Selection

3. 2.1.1 Site Criteria

3. 2.1.2 System of Evaluation and Rating

3. 2.1.3 Site Justification

3.2.2 Site Data

3. 2.2.1 Macro Site

3. 2.2.2 Micro Site

3. 2.3 Site Analysis

3. 2.3.1 SWOT Analysis

3. 2.3.2 Summary of Site Analysis

3. 2.4 User’s Analysis

3. 2.4.1 User’s Demography

3. 2.4.2 Organizational Structure

3. 2.4.3 Behavioral Pattern/Analysis

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

CURRICULUM VITAE
 CHAPTER I

The Problem and its background

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Commercial spaces is where commerce happens, it include office buildings, retail space,

warehouses and more. Commercial properties make up an enormous portion of a built

environment. They serve as a platform for most of the country’s major industries and provide the

general public with areas in which to work, shop, socialize and relax. Needless to say,

commercial spaces play a crucial role in 21st century for it is where a city or a country’s growth

is determined.

Centro Calamba is a design project that shall improve and rehabilitate the current status

of Calamba Trade Center through architecture and intensive planning. It shall provide multiple

working stations, increase commercial activities and shall contribute to the city’s economic

growth. It shall provide spaces in which income can be generated by providing services to the

people of Calamba and nearby municipalties.

This project aims to anticipate the society’s demands and needs for trade and commerce

of the City of Calamba. The project’s design shall provide new revenues for investors and caters

different products and services for the people. Its design and feature shall adapt to the new

trends in modern times through the aid of combining a new approach and using past solutions.
1.2 BACKGROUND AND NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Globalization and economic openness in trading systems and exchange provides

significant advantages to today’s commerce.Traditionally, it is believed that economic

openness aids in transporting growth from one region of high concentration to the lower

level. This occurs in the form of advanced technology transfer and human capital

development to complement the local form to generate the desired economic expansion.

Rani and Kumar (2019) investigated the trade-induced nexus and submitted that

economic openness generates high productivity, which in turn transcends to economic

advancement in the BRICS economies as supported by Rahman and Mamun (2016) for

Australia.

Calamba City, known as the richest city in CALABARZON, is one of the cities

known for its booming economy. The city’s Economic growth comes with arising issues

to public spaces. As the city’s economic growth increases, trade and other forms of

commercial spaces such as public stalls, wholesale, and bulk goods exchange, etc.

They lack facilities such as “public spaces” for public convergence, parking buildings,

and/or basement parking as envisioned in Western and European public markets. The

sizes of parking lots were not calculated in relation to the volume of customers and were

constructed depending only on the availability of space for a parking area (Isolana, J.B.

2021). Furthermore, study shows the recurrence of problems of public markets

particularly in terms of sanitation, security, ventilation, and worst, they are now suffering

in terms of stiff “market space” competition with gigantic franchise holders and retail

trade businesses dominantly owned by big-time and influential Chinese nationals.

 Despite the issues faced in the trade and commerce sector, contingency plans

and proposals are tried and provided by the government to aid and provide marginal

relief. Through on-site observation and experience, the researchers believed that Urban

Planning holds the major Key to solve the existing issues of the commerce sector of

Calamba City. Through Architecture, major solutions to the identified problems are

provided through the planning considerations, laws and further studies.

1.3 Significance of the Study

Through this study, the proposed Trade Center and Commerce Complex will

boost and improve Calamba City. It will also benefit the following:

To the community members of Calamba, the proposed Trade Center and

Commerce Complex will provide more job opportunities. Improving their way of life and

prospering their economic growth will be endowed to the locality. The study will

deliberately use principles and approaches that will also improve the environment and

aid issues existing in the vicinity.

To the city government of Calamba, the study can help utilize the findings to

make new ordinances that can be implemented not only on the selected site, but also to

the related future developments in the city. These developments can make the city an

eye for future tourists, other urbanites and future economic endeavors.

To the future occupants of the proposed Trade Center and Commerce Complex,

the study will provide a one-stop hub for where all the necessities are present. Investors

from different business industries will be attracted to the proposed site as it offers a

design approach in which the business operations will be lively and continuous.
 To the future researchers may use the data and information for their related

studies. This study will contribute to share important details pertaining to mixed-use

developments and application to the design proper. This study can be a tool for

researchers to improve the city of Calamba.

1.4 Objectives of the Study

The project objectives and the design objectives are two categories under which the

study's aims are divided. The following information is presented so that readers can understand

why the study has been conducted.

1.4.1 Project Objectives

The aim of the work construed in this paper is to establish an expedient Trade

Center and Commerce Complex that will not only attain economic and dynamic

structures as well as the improvement of the surrounding area and the people around

the vicinity. The study objectives include:

1.4.1.1 To Strengthen the Philippine business sector in order to entice both foreign

and domestic investors.

1.4.1.2 To establish solutions for Calamba's existing and foreseeable concerns in

obtaining high standards for commercial accommodations.

1.4.1.3 To establish a good rapport with the authorities for prospective community-

beneficial pursuits.

1.4.1.4 To meet business industry expectations by establishing a remarkable

business centre that will stimulate the nation's economic well-being.

1.4.1.5 To constitute job opportunities for the people of Calamba City, Laguna.
 1.4.2 Design Objectives

The purposed of this study focuses on providing advances approaches as

implemented in design applications resulting to an efficient Trade Center and Commerce

Complex design. The following objectives involves specific considerations and outcomes to

be accomplished:

1.4.2.1 To consider the climate patterns and utilization of indigenous materials

existing within the site.

1.4.2.2 To highlight Calamba's rich culture and develop its particular architectural

style.

1.4.2.3 To provide efficient spaces for the future occupants of the Trade Center and

Commerce Complex.

1.4.2.4 To Incorporate dynamic and interactive architecture that together enrich the

site and serve as it the major focus of the Trade Complex, while also taking

the use of sustainable and green architecture into the design considerations.

1.4.2.5 To set specialized standards for commercial hubs that will help promote the

city of Calamba as a major Trade and Commerce center.

1.5 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study focuses on the proposed Central trade Center and Commerce

Complex in order to rehabilitate and centralize economic trade and commerce in

Calamba, specifically the study aims to answer the following questions;

Major Problems
 1. What is the best proposed design for the Central Market Complex suited for the

location? Fire code, NBC, bp344 basis

2. What are the considerations applied that affect the design and development of

the Project?

3. How will the Proposed Central Market Complex Design affect the following

variables?

A. Access to Transportation

B. Trade and Economic Growth of Calamba City

C. Vehicular Traffic

D. Foot Traffic

Minor Problems

1. What are the amenities needed to ensure the populace a more comfortable and

better shopping point? Space program + case studies as basis ang sagot.

2. What are the advantages of the proposed Central Market Complex Development

against the other trade and commerce points in other nearby cities ? case

studies + innovation + project features and advantages ang sagot.

3. In what means does the development affect the rehabilitation and centralization

of trading points in Calamba City? Predicted Positive effects of the proposed

project again babalik sa major question 3

1.6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Anong gagamiting concept

Key variables ko is effectiveness of having a well planned trade center

Importance of vehicular and foot traffic consideration in building trade centers

Why is it important to have a trade complex

Incorporatiing access to transportation for complex structures

“Recognizing the need is the primary condition for design.” – Charles Eames

Architecture is a design process that should answers to the people’s primary needs for

architecture bound to people. The design should address the current and future issues while

taking local history into account. It is important to build something that clearly identifies the

location and today’s time. People should be able to characterize the location through their

interactions with the building or structure itself. The design need to be ageless and still able to

recognize the spaces and still being comforted. This is the most sincere and sincere description

that could be given to constructing.

 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs stresses humans’ physiological need involving basic needs

such as food, waterc, clothing etc. Maslow (1943) prior stated that individuals must satisfy

lower-level needs before progressing to meet higher level growth needs. His five-stage model

expresses hierarchy for growth and explains that deficiencies arise when the specific need are

unmet and therefore motivates people to work it out. Consequently, reaching the required level

of satisfaction allows the individual to progress and move on the next level within the hierarchy.

In relation architecture and commerce, establishments that promotes the need for

physiological needs primarily focusing on food and clothing must be properly planned. Trade

Centers are critical to a city’s economic growth as it provides the specialization and market

access that facilitates exchange among producers and consumers. Trade Centers also provides

a significant contribution to a city’s economic growth for it is where the exchange of culture,

ideas and technological innovation takes place.

Kevin Lynch’s Image of the city shows the importance of a responsive environment as

well as the qualities and considerations needed for a productive accessible and comfortable
environment. In relation to commercial spaces, Lynch et.al. responsive environments state the

importance of permeability and legibility in wayfinding nodes in a city. This also involves,

sidewalk, planters and design for green spaces which contributes to user’s immersion to city

environment.

Kenton W. (2021) article entitled Foot traffic: Definition, Tracking, Ways to Increase,

notes the importance of considering foot traffic to urban planning. He noted that areas that are

expected to become popular with pedestrians must ensure proper urban planning in addition to

proper aesthetics design and placement of buildings along with safety considerations to protect

the users. In relation to Trade Centers, foot traffic is expected to be always moderate to heavy.

Proper space allocation and planning is important to avoid inconvenience, and uncomfortable

experiences to users. Kenton W. mentioned the improvement of areas by integrating local

parks, waterfront, lighted walkways greenery and open spaces.

Kenton W. also emphasized improving access to transportation terminals and its

proximity to shopping spaces. He encouraged terminals to be located near the commerce

district in order to encourage consumers to look around and be avail products offered in the

area. Accessibility for transportation terminals greatly impacts the ease and access of

consumers experiencing convenience consumerism.

1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Paano gagamitin ang concepts

Problems Encountered Principles of Green Buildings

Major Problems: Site and its surroundings

Design Consideration Energy Efficiency
Design Approach Water Efficiency
Factors Affecting the Proposed Material Efficiency
Project Indoor Air Quality
Planning Strategies Circulation
Effects of the Proposed Project Waste Reduction
Low maintenance costs
Minor Problems:
Ways of Re-establishing the city
Amenties Needed
Development's Effect
Design Concept: \ Proposed Central Trade
Origami (Form) Center and Commerce
Fish Scales (Façade) Complex in Calamba
City, Laguna

Input Process Output

1.8 Scope and Delimitation

The study focuses on rehabilitating and establishing a Trade Complex that will not only

attain economic and dynamic structures as well as the improvement of the surrounding area

and the people around. This Involves the study and urban planning of road networks
surrounding the existing target site, as well as the integration of convention hall and terminal

within the site.

The study does not involve the drainage plans of the site and the road networks.

The study was started on August 2022 and ended on December 2022.

1.9 Definition of Terms

1.10 Acronym

citations

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020308537

https://ideas.repec.org/a/mth/jpag88/v11y2021i1p40-52.html