NCM 106: Pharmacology
University of Cebu College of Nursing Class of 2026
Lecture 1 (1st Semester, A.Y ’22 – ’23)
Transes by: Rizaga, Carlos Benedict C.
Definition of Terms
NURSING CARE PLAN
Nursing Process – is used by nurses for the
appropriate delivery of patient’s care and drug 1. Cues and Evidences (Assessment)
administration 2. Nursing Diagnosis (Diagnosis)
3. Scientific Basis
Assessment – is when the nurse gathers 4. Goals and Outcomes Criteria (SMART)
information from the patient about the patient’s 5. Nursing Action
health and lifestyle - Independent, Dependent, Collaborative
6. Rationale
Patient’s problem – is based on the analysis of 7. Evaluation
the assessment data
Planning – the nurse uses the data collected Nursing Process in Pharmacology
to set goals or expected outcomes and
intervention that addresses the patient’s
CAPPIE
problem
1. Concept
Implementation – the nurse provides
education, drug administration, patient care, - Holistic view of the patients (px centered model)
and other intervention necessary to assist the Physical, Mental, Emotional, Spiritual, Social
patient goals Illness, Health, and Health Promotion of
patient
Evaluation – the nurse determines whether the
goals and objectives have been met nurse’s role is to provide:
patient education
Nursing Process in Funda of Nursing restorative health needs (recovery, revive,
recuperate)
ADPIE
medication administration
possibly emergency care
1. Assessment
- Subjective and Objective Data
2. Diagnosis “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not just merely the absence of
3. Planning disease or infirmity” (WHO)
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation – goal met, goal partially met, or goal not 2. Assessment
met
- Subjective and Objective
nurse’s role:
* Nursing process is used in the crafting of the nursing
care plan should always perform a complete systematic
assessment of the px body system
asks px questions about their illness, including
drug regimen
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obtain information from family members, health - confusion - nonadherence
professionals, and the medical record - decreased adherence - need for HE
possible emergency care
use of px problem is beneficial to the px because
its focus is on the individual px and care as
A. SUBJECTIVE DATA related to actual problems derived from the px’s
illness and not the actual disease process
- includes information provided by
1. Patient 2. Friends
3. Family members 4. others 4. Planning
goals are px centered. describes a specific
based on what the px or family members
activity and include the time frame for
communicate to the nurse
achievement and reevaluation
the nurse may ask open-ended questions
includes the development of nursing
(allowing the px to answer directly) e.g “please
interventions used to assist the patient in
tell me about your medications”
meeting medication goals
the nurse may help the px explain/describe this
data but must never speak for the px Effective goal settings has the following qualities:
Examples of pertinent information that the nurse
the expected change is realistic, measurable,
can use to help solicit a response from the px
and includes reasonable deadlines
include the ff:
the goal is acceptable to both px & nurse
- inquire the patient’s current health history, including the goal is dependent on the patient’s decision-
family history making ability
- question whether the patient has problems swallowing the goal is shared with other health care
(aysphagia) providers, including family or caregivers
- have the patient verbalize signs and symptoms of his the goal identifies components for evaluation
or her illness
- discuss the patient’s current health concerns Examples of a well-written comprehensive goals:
the patient will independently administer the
prescribed dose of 4 units of regular insulin by
B. OBJECTIVE DATA
the end of the fourth session
the patient will prepare a 5-day medication
what the nurse directly observes about the
recording sheet that correctly reflects the
patient’s health status
prescribed medication schedule by the end of
using personal senses: seeing, hearing,
the second session
smelling, touching
provides additional information about the
patient’s symptoms and also targets that organ
most likely affected by the drug therapy (e.g the 5. Implementation (SMART)
drug is Nephrotoxic, the patient’s creatinine
clearance should be assessed) in most practice setting are administration of
drugs and assessment of drug effectiveness
Examples include: Physical Assessment,
Laboratory Results, Vital Signs
3. Patient’s Problem Patient’s Teaching (factor that helps promote
patient teaching)
- px’s readiness to learn and investment in
based on the analysis of the assessment data,
his/her learning
and it determines the type of care that the px
will receive
the nurse and px together must be fully
in formulating patient’s problem
engaged in the learning process
PATIENT – CENTERED QUALITY CARE - timing is another factor
common px problems related to drug therapy: the environment should be conducive to
learning
- abdominal pain - cognitive decline
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- temperature should be comfortable and the
environment should be quiet
BARRIERS OF LEARNING
- pain is an obstacle
- be mindful of language barriers
- is the px young/ perhaps elderly and forgetful, a family
member/significant others will need to be present
Patient’s teaching is essential to the patient’s
recovery. It allows the patient to become
informed about his/her health notes
Instruct the patient to take the drug as
prescribed. Consistency in adhering to the
prescription
Patient Teaching Card – one of the
implementations of Nursing Intervention
IMPORTANT NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
individualize the teaching plan
arrange for an interpreter
6. Evaluation
use ongoing assessment data to evaluate the
successful attainment of the px’s objectives
and goals
if the goals and objectives are not met, the nurse
will revise the objectives, goals, and
interventions to ensure success
if the nurse objectives, goals, and interventions
are met, the nurse will document the successful
attainment in the nursing care plan
