ACTIVITY #2 The Cell

Group Number: 5
Group Members: Leanna Villanueva- Leader, Ashley Zerrudo, Kate Alanan, Aeon
Bagoyo

Activity 2.2
Label each organelle.

1. Cell Membrane
2. Mitochondrion
3. Centriole
4. Ribosomes
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
6. Nucleus
7. Nucleolus
8. Chromosomes
9. Vacuole
10. Golgi Apparatus
11. Cytoplasm
12. Flagellum
13. Cell Wall
14. Cell Membrane
15. Mitochondrion
16. Chloroplast
17. Ribosomes
18. Endoplasmic Reticulum
19. Nuclear Membrane
20. Nucleus
21. Nucleolus
22. Chromosomes
23. Vacuole
24. Golgi Apparatus
25. Cytoplasm

Mastery Test

A. Multiple Choice:

1. B. Cell Wall
2. C. Cytoplasm
3. D. Mitochondrion
4. B. Golgi Apparatus
5. B. Digesting damaged Organelles
6. B. Directs Cellular activities
7. A. Assist during Cell Division
8. A. Gives energy to the Cell
9. C. Accommodates Cell Division
10. A. Assembled from Proteins
B. Answer the following:

1. What is the role of the nuclear membrane?

● The nuclear membrane acts as a boundary of the nucleus separating all its
contents from the surrounding organelles.
2. Why are vacuoles more prominent in plants?
● Vacuoles are more prominent in plants because they serve as a support for
the cell, storage for food and wastes as well as eliminating water.
3. Differentiate the roles of endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
● Endoplasmic reticulum is the processing area of the cell, it produces proteins
for the rest of the cell to function while the Golgi apparatus which has a
stack-like structure, is the organelle responsible for preparing, modifying, and
sorting proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
4. Which organelles are involved in cell division? Explain each of their roles.
● Nucleus: The nucleus is the control center of the cell and houses the genetic
material in the form of DNA.
● Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum, in particular the rough
endoplasmic reticulum, is involved in the synthesis of lipids and proteins,
some of which are essential for cell division.
● Centrosomes and Centrioles: In animal cells (as well as some lower plant
cells), centrosomes are essential for cell division. Lipid and protein synthesis
centrioles are found in a centrosome, which has two of them.
5. Cite cellular structures that are involved in nutrient transport and explain how
these carry out their roles.
● Plasma Membrane, a selectively permeable membrane, serves as a
boundary of the cell and acts as a selective filter for materials attempting to
pass into or out of the cell.
 C. Laboratory Activity:

Observation:

Rhoeo discolor leaf violet part with water Rhoeo discolor leaf green part with water
through the Low Power Objective through the Low Power Objective

Rhoeo discolor leaf violet part with water Rhoeo discolor leaf green part with water
through the High Power Objective through the Low Power Objective

Analysis Questions
1. Describe the appearance of the Rhoeo discolor leaf.
- The Rhoeo discolor leaf may produce small, inconspicuous flowers, but
it is primarily grown for its stunning leaves. This plant's striking leaf
coloration and unique growth pattern make it a popular choice for both
indoor and outdoor ornamental purposes.
2. How did the iodine solution change the appearance of the potato starch
granules?
- There is no iodine in this subject.
3. Infer why the nucleus can be observed in some cells but not in others.
- The visibility of the nucleus in cells can vary due to a combination of
factors, including cell type, size, staining techniques, cellular activity,
health, microscope quality, and magnification level. Scientists and
researchers adjust their microscopy techniques and conditions to
 optimize the visualization of specific cellular structures, including the
nucleus, depending on their research objectives.
4. Make a generalization.
- The typical appearance of Rhoeo discolor leaf can be some variation in
leaf size, color intensity, and texture based on factors such as
environmental conditions and specific cultivars. Nonetheless, we have
generalized that the unique bicoloration of the leaves is a key
identifying feature of this plant.

Red bell pepper with water through the Red bell pepper with water through the High
Low Power Objective Power Objective

Analysis Questions
1. Describe the appearance of the potato starch granules.
- Potato starch granules are microscopic structures found within potato
cells and serve as a storage form of energy for the plant. These
granules are a key component of potato starch, which can be extracted
and used in various culinary and industrial applications.
2. How did the iodine solution change the appearance of the potato starch
granules?
- There is no iodine solution in this subject.
3. Infer why the nucleus can be observed in some cells but not in others.
- The reason is because they may have developed much earlier than
eukaryotic species, which is why they lack membrane-bound organelles. A
benefit of adaptation is also the absence of a nucleus. Additionally, some
eukaryotic cells, such as erythrocytes, initially have a nucleus, but as they
develop, the nucleus is destroyed by enucleation. Usually, this occurs as a
result of adaptation, like in the case of red blood cells (RBCs), which enables
them to preserve bi concavity and carry more oxygen, which is their major
purpose.
 4. Make a generalization.
- These generalizations describe typical characteristics of potato starch
granules, there can be some variation based on factors such as the
potato variety and growth conditions. Potato starch is a versatile and
widely used starch in the food industry, appreciated for its functional
properties, including its ability to thicken and provide texture to various
food products.

Potato starch granules with water through Stained potato starch granules (with iodine
the Low Power Objective solution) through the Low Power Objective

Potato starch granules with water through Stained potato starch granules (with iodine
the High Power Objective solution) through the High Power Objective
Analysis Questions
1. Describe the appearance of the potato starch granules.
- When looked at with a higher magnification, we saw the distinctive concentric
circle or ring pattern on the potato starch granules. The starch molecules that
make up the granules themselves are closely packed, giving them a compact
and dense structure.
2. How did the iodine solution change the appearance of the potato starch
granules?
- Since the potato is a rich source of starch, the iodine solution reacts with the
starch which produces a dark blue or purple color.
3. Infer why the nucleus can be observed in some cells but not in others.
- Due to changes in cell type, cell cycle stage, and cytoplasm transparency, the
visibility of the nucleus in cells can vary. Additional factors that may affect the
nucleus's visibility include the presence of a cell wall or the nuclear
envelope's collapse during cell division.
4. Make a generalization.
- The structure and makeup of individual cellular components as well as
extrinsic factors like context-dependent chemical reactions with external
substances like iodine solution combine to affect the appearance and visibility
of cellular structures. This emphasizes the complexity and diversity of
biological systems as well as the requirement for a thorough comprehension
of numerous elements when studying cellular biology.