KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA LEDANG,
JOHOR
DIPLOMA IN BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
(DIAGNOSTIC)
Semester 1
Report Writing
Course Code : DUE10062
Course Name : ENGLISH
Lecturer’s Name : THERESA MARION A/P B NAMBIRAJAN
Group members :AMJAD ILHAMI BIN ABD WAHAB
[DD12104]
:MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN AZMAN
[DD12108]
:MUHAMMAD EZZAT ARIFF BIN MOHD RIDUAN
[DD12110]
:MUHAMMAD HAIKAL BIN SAZLI
[DD12111]
1
Table Of Contents
1.0 Introduction 3
2.0 Method of Gathering Information 4
3.0 Findings/ Discussion 5 - 11
4.0 Conclusion 12
5.0 Individual Reflection
5.1 Member 1 13
5.2 Member 2 14
5.3 Member 3 15
5.4 Member 4 16
REFERENCES
2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when an
overflow of water submerges land that is usually dry. Floods are often caused by
heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt or a storm surge from a tropical cyclone or tsunami in
coastal areas.
Floods can cause widespread devastation, resulting in loss of life and
damages to personal property and critical public health infrastructure. Between
1998-2017, floods affected more than 2 billion people worldwide. People who live in
floodplains or non-resistant buildings, or lack warning systems and awareness of
flooding hazard, are most vulnerable to floods.
There are 3 common types of floods: flash floods that are caused by rapid and
excessive rainfall that raises water heights quickly, and rivers, streams, channels or
roads may be overtaken, river floods that are caused when consistent rain or snow
melt forces a river to exceed capacity and coastal floods that are caused by storm
surges associated with tropical cyclones and tsunami.
The primary effects of flooding include loss of life and damage to buildings and
other structures, including bridges, sewerage systems, roadways, and canals.
Floods also frequently damage power transmission and sometimes power
generation, which then has knock-on effects caused by the loss of power. This
includes loss of drinking water treatment and water supply, which may result in loss
of drinking water or severe water contamination. It may also cause the loss of
sewage disposal facilities. Lack of clean water combined with human sewage in the
flood waters raises the risk of waterborne diseases, which can include typhoid,
giardia, cryptosporidium, cholera and many other diseases depending upon the
location of the flood.
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2.0 METHOD OF GATHERING INFORMATION
Lifelong education is becoming increasingly important as we move away from
manufacturing jobs. We now use technology and data in all aspects of our jobs. As a
result of this shift,students now face greater challenges than ever before. We need to
know how to collect and manage data whether we're in a classroom or a boardroom
to study.Data can be useful, but it can also be overwhelming if there is too much of it.
Useful insights and time-wasting misdirection can be separated by as little as the
data collection method used.
Fortunately, there are a number of tools available for gathering primary data. In
terms of techniques, they range from the traditional and straightforward, like a face-
to-face interview, to the increasingly complex ones. Variety of resources is the
method used to gather information. Therefore, we choose to collect information
through internet browsing, online surveys and other methods in accordance with
government instructions for standard operating procedures (SOP), which has asked
everyone to stay at home in order to break the covid-19 chain and prevent virus
spread. To solve these issues, we can use the internet to look up news articles and
websites related to the December 2014 flood tragedy. The flood tragedy of six years
ago has spawned a wealth of information on the web. There are plenty of resources
on the internet about the tragedy that occurred there. Journal, Article, Google, and a
number of publications such as Sinar Harian,New Strait Times and others. In
addition, we also use the Youtube platform to find out about the tragedy that was
broadcast in the news on television 6 years ago.Last but not least, we have
conducted a survey using google forms and published it to gather more information
about the tragedy.
As a result,we got a lot of information about the flood tragedy which involves
several states like Kelantan,Terengganu, Johor, Perlis, Sabah and Sarawak.We
used the information wisely to put in on our report.
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3.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Heavy seasonal rains and strong winds have affected most parts of Malaysia
since mid-December 2014 and are expected to continue until early January 2015.
The rains caused severe flooding in the East Coast – Terengganu, Pahang, and
Kelantan states. In addition to the three most affected states, four other states in
Peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Johor, Selangor and Perlis states) and one state in East
Malaysia (Sabah) also are experiencing floods due to the heavy rainfalls (highest
recorded at 255 mm). The December 2014 – January 2015 flood, described as one
of the worst in the last decades, followed a long series of analogous events hitting
various areas of the country.
At the peak of the flooding, more than 230,000 people were evacuated and at
least 21 people were confirmed dead. There are no official figures of the total
number of people affected, but based on the number of displaced, it can be
estimated that between 500,000 to 1 tillion people were affected, directly or
indirectly.
Government infrastructure has loss around RM1.92 billion ( USD 480 million )
which is a worth of infra damages such as bridge. Shortage of food supplies & clean
water also affected by flood and cause people hunger and thirst for a couple days.
Beside that, the lack of banking services also slows down the economic activities
which palm oil ,rubber export affected and also tourism were badly affected.
Government had led the process of recovery effort for the people who affected by
flood and has a thousand of RM to recover them such as infrastructure, houses, food
and water.
A flood is any excessive water flow that overwhelms the natural or man-made
banks in any part of the river system. Thus, when a river bank is overtopped, the
water extends over the flood plain, posing a hazard to society's daily activities, with
effects lasting up to a week. In the coming years, climate change is likely to
exacerbate the situation. Flooding is a natural occurrence that cannot be prevented
or minimised no matter how hard a government or society tries.
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Malaysia has been hit hard by floods, which have been one of nature's worst
tragedies. It's estimated that there are 189 river basins with major channels flowing
directly into the South China Sea in Malaysia, with 85 of them being vulnerable to
recurrent flooding (89 of the river basins are in Peninsula Malaysia, 78 in Sabah and
22 in Sarawak). In Malaysia, the estimated flood-vulnerable area is around 29,800
km2 (or 9% of total area), and it affects nearly 4,82 million people or about 22% of
total population.
FLOODS IN KELANTAN
The Malaysian Drainage and Irrigation Department categorises floods as either
flash floods or monsoon floods. The time it takes for the river flow to return to normal
after either of these disasters is clearly different from a hydrological perspective..
Monsoon floods can last for a month, while flash floods only last a few hours before
returning to normal.
6
Non-natural causes such as an inefficient drainage system and an increase in
the number of buildings in urban areas are responsible for the majority of Klang
Valley Peninsular flash floods. Local weather changes are a major factor.The risk
and exposure of urban residents to flooding has recently increased due to an
increase in impervious surfaces such as roads, buildings, and parking lots. Low-
income residents, particularly those who live in floodplains, bear the brunt of the
economic consequences of floods, according to research. Because of their low
income, they can only make a small dent in flood damage. Malaysia has had
numerous floods since the 1920s, with the worst occurring in December 2006 and
January 2007. As a result of these floods, the rescue and recovery agencies have
gained a great deal of experience.
Malaysia's 2014 floods had a wide range of positive and negative effects on
society. The floods have had an impact on a variety of areas, including health,
education, the economy, and more. University of Malaya (UM), University of Malaya
(UMT), and University of Sultan Zainal Abdi (UNISZA) were all severely damaged by
the floods. Due to an escalating flood crisis, students at UMK decided to leave
campus. Universities that are impacted by this will be able to postpone exams
scheduled for early January 2015. Students in Kelantan have been urged to return to
the USM Penang campus earlier to avoid being trapped by floods, while the
university's Penang campus has been quiet. The 28th of December 2014 saw 340
Malaysian educational institutions either converted into flood relief centres or
completely submerged. Malaysia's Ministry of Education has announced a one-week
delay in the start of all primary and secondary schools. Prior to the start of classes,
all schools must be clean and safe.
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In terms of health, the situation is critical because of the loss of medicines,
aids, patient beds, and other medical supplies that will be caused by the flood. In the
event of a major flood, patients will need to be evacuated via helicopter to a safe
location. In West Malaysia, flooding hit 102 health facilities in December 2014, with
38 of them still open. After a diesel generator ran out of fuel, an anaesthesiologist at
the Kuala Krai Hospital in Kelantan had to intubate a baby in the dark. As the flood
situation worsened, patients at Kuala Krai Hospital were evacuated via helicopter.
Over the course of the last five days, the 180 members of the hospital's staff have
worked nonstop. In addition to treating flood victims, the hospital served as a
temporary relief centre. There was a blood shortage at HUSM in Kubang Kerian,
Kelantan, because of the high demand for blood transfusions. In order to assist the
medical officers on duty at HUSM, medical students were enlisted.
The 2014 floods had a significant impact on the economy as well. Prices for
palm oil and rubber have risen as supplies from Malaysia have been disrupted by
flooding. It is expected that rubber production in Thailand and Malaysia will fall by at
least 30%, while prices will likely rise even higher. Due to the fact that floodwaters in
Malaysia aren't going anywhere, the country's palm oil production is suffering. It is
our responsibility as Malaysians of various races and religions to work together to
ensure that Malaysia remains a peaceful and prosperous nation forever. To assist in
flood rescue operations, the Malaysian government mobilised all available resources
and increased the number of flood rescue team members in 2014-2015. Najib
Razak, the Prime Minister, announced an additional MYR500 million for Sabah. To
help flood victims, Prime Minister Najib Razak moved up the payment of 1Malaysia
People's Aid (BR1M) and MYR100 special schooling aid until mid-January. The 11
Malaysia Plan (2016–2020) will prioritise flood mitigation improvements to avoid a
repeat of the disaster, as existing flood mitigation systems were unable to handle the
severity of the floods that hit several states.
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Malacca donated about MYR500,000, Penang and Selangor each
contributed about MYR1.5 million, Sarawak contributed about MYR2 million, and
Terengganu, which was hit hard by the floods, donated another MYR1 million to help
those in need. Most New Year's Eve concerts, including those in Pahang, Perak,
Sabah, Selangor, and Terengganu, were cancelled out of respect for the flood
victims across the country. Most of the festivities in Malacca were cancelled as the
government decided to celebrate the New Year in a simple manner.
Maybank, a Malaysian bank, has offered customers affected by the country's
floods a six-month moratorium on loan instalment payments as well as a waiver of
certain fees on an individual basis. The Maybank Foundation and Mercy Malaysia
recently formed a partnership to help flood victims in Malaysia. Johor FA has
pledged MYR100,000 to help the swollen East Coast flood waters recede. The
assistance of numerous non-governmental organisations has been greatly
appreciated.
Despite the fact that the floodwaters have receded, flood victims continue to
experience shortages of food, electricity, clean water, banking services, and erratic
communication issues. Because of a lack of banking services, some gas stations
have run out of quarters and nickels.. Others, desperate flood victims, began to fight
for or steal food and valuables from abandoned homes, while still others relied on
donated relief items to get by. One mother was forced to feed her six-month-old
infant formula milk mixed with rainwater because she couldn't afford to feed her other
children. Flood victims, on the other hand, can still get dinner at a relief centre, which
includes rice, bread, canned sardines, and eggs. Flood victims who were not
registered complained that they were denied assistance from non-governmental
organisations (NGOs) when they attempted to stop the NGOs at roadside rest stops.
When there was no electricity or candles available, tissue papers soaked in cooking
oil were used to provide light.
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It has been reported that some flood victims are concerned that their
valuables are being stolen from their homes, and they are swimming back to their
residences every day to check on their belongings. The cost of basic necessities has
been artificially raised. To give you an example, a bottle of water costs MYR5, a
large candle costs MYR14, l.5 litres of gasoline costs MYR12, and a tin of sardines
costs MYR8. Some boat owners charged MYR5 for a short journey across the
Pahang River and MYR15 for a longer journey across the river.
The aftermath from the worst flood that hit East Coast of Malaysia in December
2014.
Nevertheless, some have argued that the flood has brought all Malaysians
together to help one another, regardless of race, religion, or political affiliation. Many
flood victims in Kelantan, Malaysia, began crossing the Golok River into Sungai
Kolok town to purchase essential items at the Sungai Kolok Municipality Market as
soon as the floods began to subside.
According to the available research, there are at least four consequences of
flooding, which include water damage to homes, disruption of transportation, a
reduction in income, and damage to furniture and other household items such as
appliances. However, the majority of the population is adamant that water damage to
homes is the most significant consequence of flooding. Because of this, it is
recommended that houses, shops, and industries be constructed in a proper manner
so as to avoid building on floodplains or in flood-prone areas.
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According to the findings of the flood histories, it is clear that flooding can be
caused by a variety of factors, including drainage systems, weather, urbanisation,
environmental factors, dam failure, and other factors.. However, according to
previous research, the majority of people believe that an inadequate drainage
system is the primary cause of flooding. The drainage system should be properly
managed and designed in such a way that it can accommodate waste water flow
and, in the event of a dam break or when the bank of a river becomes overflowing
due to persistent rainfall, the drainage system can quickly and conveniently drain the
water away.
There are many suggestions on how to reduce flooding, and many people
believe that removing people from flood-prone areas and relocating them to a high-
elevation location is the most effective method of mitigation. As a result, avoiding
low-elevation areas and participating in emergency awareness training are the most
effective forms of mitigation.
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4.0 CONCLUSION
We discovered many reasons for the floods in Malaysia after conducting
research for a week. Floods can occur for a variety of reasons in Malaysia, including
natural disasters and human behaviour. Floods are bodies of water that overflow
from the banks of rivers, lakes, or drainage systems as a result of heavy rainfall,
melting ice, tides, and channel obstructions.
Following some research, we discovered that this state is prone to flooding.
That is, flash floods have hit the Malay Peninsula's northern and east coast states of
Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak, and Perlis, as well as some areas in Sabah.
Everyone is aware that every year in Malaysia, there will be a rainy season, also
known as the monsoon season, which will cause severe flooding in some areas.
Based on our findings, Malaysians should be more concerned about waste
disposal. This is due to the fact that widespread garbage dumping will result in
clogged drains or irrigation systems. Because irrigation is not running smoothly, this
will result in flash floods in the area.The authorities hope to add water channels so
that flash floods do not occur in the city centre. As the saying goes, treating is
preferable to curing. Floods are common during the rainy season.
Lastly, some have stated that the primary way to avoid flood damage is to
evacuate people from flood-prone areas.Finally, the primary goal was met, and we
hopes that this work will help others.
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5.0 INDIVIDUAL REFLECTION
5.1 AMJAD ILHAMI BIN ABD WAHAB
Through this assignment, I have learned a lot about floods such as flood factors,
the effects of floods on victims, society and the national economy as well as how to
deal with floods. I have never been through a flood situation so i don't have much
experience about it. Due to this assignment, I was able to know a little bit about
floods.
Now I will tell about my responsibilities for this assignment.Firstly,I take a lead
for this assignment because my group members agreed to chose me as the group
leader.After Madam Theresa ended the class,my group members and I scheduled a
meeting to divide our respective tasks.After discussion,my task is to search a
method of gathering information and also to provide them a link on google or other
sources about floods.Not just that,I also converted the link that we used to APA
style.Besides that,I created one google form to gained more information.The google
form contains question about floods on December 2014.The result of the google
form is quiet good.After we get the information that we need,we started to do our
respective tasks.After I have done my task,I helped the others group members to
write an essay on discussion part.I also searched some pictures to put in on our
report.Lastly,after our tasks is all done,I take a responsibilities to compiled it to one
document.
What I got when doing this assignment is I can develop my skills on surfing
internet and used it to do this assignment smoothly.I used to believe that this
assignment is a quite challenging for me because I can’t write an essay correctly and
always make a grammatical errors.So,doing this assignment also helped me a lot to
improve my writing.Last but not least,I achived my vision to completed the report
nicely.
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5.2 MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN AZMAN
The process of making this project, i have got to explore various issues about
floods such as factors, impact on the community and local people and the
deteriorating economy. I have also learned how the malaysian nation restores the
country by helping each other.
Before I start, I want to thank all the group members who have together
completed this assignment. I am also grateful to have a good group member and
willing to help me in making this assignment. As a member of this group I have
searched various info about floods from google such as impact and so on and copied
links that contain good content as reference. Coincidentally, my village is in Kelantan
and I have also heard stories from my grandmother and relatives where in 2014
Kelantan was hit by a big flood. This is because the river water in the durian river hut
rose and has caused the city of krai sank.
I also searched for the incident on google and in the incident many adverse
effects have taken place on the country from various angles. in the process of finding
this assingmet i was also able to learn we need to make early preparations because
it is more effective and also i realize that we need to take care of the environment
and avoid things that can cause natural disasters like throwing garbage in the river.
not only can it cause huge losses but can even snatch hundreds to thousands of
people in a short time.
In my opinion, we can find various sources with just one click n not like before
having to go to the library to find something. I can also find out various other info
such as hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes and others. as a muslim, we must pray to
Him because he is omnipotent and arranges everything apart from natural disasters,
he also controls the movement of the solar system.
Lastly, indirectly in the process of making this assigmnet. me and group
members have read various contents about floods on google and this can further
strengthen the subject of english. This is good because many teenagers nowadays
are not aware of current issues in this country because they are the country's future
guides.
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5.3 MUHAMMMAD EZZAT ARIFF BIN MOHD AZAN
My name is Muhammad Ezzat Ariff Bin Mohd Azan . I am with Amjad , Haikal ,
Azim. The four of us have got the title of flood in Malaysia . I had a flood experience
when I was at my grandmother's house . The current situation was very busy . At
that time , the water was high at the ankle level . At that time I found the steps and
ditches around the village clogged with garbage thrown by the villagers around
Initially, we split the task on google meet . We give assignments using the
dream wheel. I got an assignment to draw a conclusions . I'm waiting for my friend's
content for me to draw conclusions . while I was waiting for the contents from a friend
of mine. I helped Azim to find the content he needed . I helped Azim because we
were short of time and at that time Azim could not do it alone because we needed a
lot of content . Therefore , we are united in helping a little in helping Azim find the
content. I helped Azim by searching for content on google . After helping Azim I
continued to do my homework by writing conclusions about the floods.In addition I
also took some content on google to make the conclusion more interesting next
given to amjad to consolidate all the contents .
What I got from the report we did with this. I find the flood phenomenon in
Malaysia is very worrying . I see floods in Malaysia caused by irresponsible people .
Lastly i am happy with my group because all members give opinions and help each
other when members lack ideas .
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5.4 MUHAMMAD HAIKAL BIN SAZLI
In this assignment, i have learned and knew quiet a lot about the flood that
happened on December 2014 at Malaysia. I knew that the victim of the flood has
suffering a bad tragedy in their in tier life. Malaysian government have spend a billion
of money to repair the infrastructure caused by the flood and food and clothes to the
victim.
After we get our assignment, we divided our task on some section. As me, i’m
doing the introduction of the the topic that we choose. I decided to search the
meaning and information about the flood that happen in December 2014. I searched
the information by using internet, Youtube, and newspaper. I read the information
that given from the source and copy the important – important point about the flood
and then put it to the introduction. After i finished the introduction, i decided to help
my teammates on add more information in their part. Finally, we finished our part
and then combine it.
Conclusion, I have learned on how to increase my searching information by
using many sources like Wikipedia, Youtube , newspaper and so on. Besides that, i
learned on how to highlight the important point by just focusing the topic.
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REFERENCES
1. Ainsworth, Q. (2021, October 27). Data Collection Methods. Jotform.
https://www.jotform.com/data-collection-methods/.
2. A. (n.d.). Floods In Malaysia December 2014. Google Docs.
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1FIiTVuJ5eD8Fwh8RHWjLS-
7xekIKZZpLzBqAsc1qw9I/edit#question=1929381109&field=704271879.
3. Malaysia: Floods And Landslides - Dec 2014. (2019, June 17). ReliefWeb.
https://reliefweb.int/disaster/fl-2014-000168-mys.
4. APEC - EPWG. (n.d.). APEC – EPWGhttps://www.apec-
epwg.org/media/3528/19_epwg_006_malaysia-s-2014-east-coast-
flood.pdf
5. "NGOs Chip in Their Contribution To Help Flood Victims". Bernama. 24
December
2014.https://web.archive.org/web/20141226032228/http://www.bernama.c
om.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1096050
6. "Record numbers evacuated in Malaysia's worst floods in decades".
Reuters. 26 December 2014. https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-
floods/record-numbers-evacuated-in-malaysias-worst-floods-in-decades-
idUSL3N0UA12Z20141226
7. Flood National Risk Assessment. December 2011.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324199409_Flood_risk_assessm
ent_A_review_of_flood_damage_estimation_model_for_Malaysia
8. 2014–2015 Malaysia Floods - Wikipedia. (2014, December 31). 2014–
2015 Malaysia floods - Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_Malaysia_floods.
9. #LAPORAN BANJIR KHAS 11 PAGI 26 Dis 2014. (2014, December 25).
YouTube. https://youtu.be/Vi1dYaunZVA.
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