LAW
English
Session Objectives
EC - 30
Workshop 9 Passages based
1. a. What I saw instead was a heuristic about happiness.
b. I dont watch TV, but I sometimes see DVDs of something made for and initially broadcast on TV.
c. A PBS series called This Emotional Life caught my eye at the library, so I decided to check it out.
d. Based on the title, I expected and hoped to learn something about the cognitive basis of emotions.
A. bcda B. abcd C. bacd D. dcba
2. a. Miami, Puerto Rico and Bermuda are separately some of the most sought-after vacation spots in the
world.
b. But together, lines between them make up the approximate boundary of one of the most mysterious
and deadly areas on the planet: the Bermuda Triangle.
c. Ever since Christopher Columbus sailed through the region in 1492, some weird, unexplained stuff
has taken place over the Atlantic Ocean there.
d. Everything from bad weather to supernatural forces has been blamed for several high profile
disappearances.
A. cdab B. abcd C. dbad D. bdac
3. a. What were the boundary conditions at the beginning of universe?
b. Science seems to have uncovered a set of laws that within the limits set by the uncertainty principle,
tells us how the universe will develop with time, if we know its state at any one time.
c. But how did he choose the initial stage or configuration of the universe?
d. God may have originally decreed these laws, but it appears that he has since left the universe to
evolve according to them and does not now intervene in it.
A. bcad B. acdb C. bacd D. bdca
4. a. By reasoning we mean the mental process of drawing an inference from two or more statements or
going from the inference to the statements, which yield that inference.
b. So logical reasoning covers those types of questions, which imply drawing an inference from the
problems.
c. Logic means, if we take its original meaning, the science of valid reasoning.
d. Clearly, for understanding arguments and for drawing the inference correctly, it is necessary that we
should understand the statements first.
A. abcd B. cdab C. bdac D. cabd
5. a. In the past, land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean sea used to
be replaced by sediment brought down to the delta by the river Nile, but this is no longer happening.
b. Now, however, there turns out to be more to the story.
c. The fertile land of the Nile delta is being eroded along Egypt ‘s Mediterranean coast at an astounding
rate, in some parts estimated at 100 meters per year.
d. Up to now, people have blamed this loss of delta land on the two large dams at Aswan in the south of
Egypt, which hold back virtually all of the sediment that used to flow down the river.
A. abcd B. adcb C. cadb D. bcad
6. a. Migratory beekeeping is nothing new.
b. Not until the 1920s when cars and trucks became affordable and roads improved did migratory
beekeeping begin to catch on.
c. The ancient Egyptians moved clay hives, probably on rafts down the Nile to follow the bloom and
nectar flow as it moved toward Cairo.
d. Other keepers tried railroad and horse-drawn wagons, but that didn’t prove practical.
A. acdb B. cadb C. bdca D. cdba
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7. a. Since the entrepreneur himself is invariably a first generation promoter with limited means, it is
almost impossible for him to pump in additional equity.
b. For fuelling further growth, infusion of additional equity becomes imperative because internal
accruals may not be adequate enough and further borrowing, not feasible thanks to an adverse debt
equity ratio.
c. That leaves him with only two options: raising equity-public issue or venture capital.
d. Till a stage, small business can grow through a combination of equity (seed capital brought in by the
entrepreneur and his friends and relatives) internal accruals and debt.
A. badc B. acbd C. dbac D. dacb
8. a. The influence is reflected the most in beaded evening wear.
b. Increasingly, the influence of India’s colour and cuts can be seen on western styles.
c. And even as Nehru jackets and Jodhpur’s remain stables of the fashion world, designers such as
Armani and McFadden have turned to the sleek silhouette of the churidar this year.
d. Indian hot pink, paprika and saffron continue to be popular colours, year in and year out.
A. badc B. abcd C. bcad D. dabc
9. a. The traditional analysis of famines concentrates on food supply.
b. A number of case studies, studied using this approach have accepted that distributional issues was
one of the major problems.
c. An alternative method of analysis —the ’entitlement approach’ developed later concentrates on
ownership and exchange.
d. But this conventional approach is shown to be fundamentally defective—it is theoretically unsound,
empirically inept, and dangerously misleading for policy.
A. a c b d B. a b c d C. a d c b D. a b d c
10. a. UV radiation, under medical supervision, is also used to treat several diseases, including rickets,
psoriasis, eczema and jaundice.
b. However, prolonged human exposure to solar UV radiation may result in acute and chronic health
effects on the skin, eye and immune system. Sunburn (erythema) is the best-known acute effect of
excessive UV radiation exposure.
c. Small amounts of UV are beneficial for people and essential in the production of vitamin D.
d. In the most serious cases, skin cancer and cataracts can occur.
A. b d c a B. c a b d C. d a c b D. c b d a
11. a. You couldn’t have asked for a nicer, more respectable-looking fellow than Jack, the day he arrived
in town for grandpa’s funeral.
b. He’d just arrived that morning, got the word that the old Judge was gone, he said
c. He rode into the yard on his motorbike-the one he’d sold last summer, which wasn’t a patch on the
big red one he’d bought later.
d. He was glad he was in time for the services. He sat with Paresh all through the funeral; he even
cried-or if it wasn’t crying, it was a darned good show.
A. bcad B. bcda C. dabc D. acbd
12. a. On the hand, I want very much for someone else to clean our house as neither I nor my husband, Ed,
has shown any aptitude for it.
b. No one but me, for instance, should have to clean up the dental floss heaped up like spaghetti near
the wastebasket where I toss it each night, never catching on that floss is not something that can be
thrown with a high degree of accuracy.
c. On the other hand I’d feel guilt inflicting such distasteful drudgery on another human being.
d. Have always wanted not wanted a cleaning person.
A. dacb B. cbad C. cabd D. abdc
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13. a. Payment for imports and exports is made through a system called foreign exchange. The value of
the money of one country in relation to the money of other countries is agreed upon.
b. The rates of exchange vary from time to time.
c. For example, an American dollar or a British pound sterling is worth certain amounts in the money of
other countries.
d. Sometimes a US dollar is worth 60 rupees in India.
A. abcd B. bacd C. acbd D. cabd
14. a. In fact, only recently there have been serious studies to find out how many of us actually have
nightmares.
b. Now that is changing.
c. The study of nightmares has been curiously neglected.
d. While results so far are inconclusive, it seems fair to say that at least half the population has
occasional nightmares.
A. cadb B. abdc C. adcb D. cbad
15. a. Progress in diagnosis, in preventive medicine and in treatment, both medicinal and surgical,has been
rapid and breathe taking.
b. Much in medicine which is not taken for granted was undreamt of even as recently as 20 yearsago.
c. Presently small pox has been eradicated, poliomyelitis practically banished, tuberculosis hasbecome
curable and coronary artery disease surgically relievable.
d. The dramatic surge in the field of molecular biology and research by immunologists and geneticists
has succeeded in controlling parasitic diseases like malaria and river blindness thataffect millions of
people round the world.
A. b d c a B. b a c d C. b c a d D. b d a c
16. a. One of them copied and pasted large portions of the required text from a website.
b. Before assigning the project to his students, the guide gave a presentation on plagiarism.
c. The expulsion order that followed was not alarming.
d. A few students did not pay much heed to the consequences of the illegal act.
A. cabd B. dbca C. badc D. bdac
17. a. He will be remembered for many things he did.
b. He was an extremely compassionate and helpful person for all who knew him.
c. One of my mother’s uncles died recently.
d. But for me, and many others in our family, he will be remembered for one thing in particular.
e. He had a long and full life, including a distinguished career in the Indian Air Force.
A. ecbda B. ceadb C. bdace D. adecb
18. a. Even knowing how to start can be difficult.
b. Is colour to be understood as an objective part of reality, a property of objects with a status similar to
shape and size?
c. The central role colour plays in our lives, in visual experience, in art, as a metaphor for emotions, has
made it an obvious candidate for philosophical reflection.
d. Philosophy has long struggled to understand the nature of colour.
e. Understanding the nature of colour, however, has proved a daunting task, despite the numerous
fields that contribute to the project.
A. ecbad B. abcde C. bcade D. dcaeb
19. a. Often it was found on its knees when the rider would expect it the least.
b. As the horse that was borrowed by Mr Adams from his clerk had a violent tendency to kneel without
giving any notice of his intention to do so.
c. However, this eccentricity was of little consequence to Mr Adams as he was well acquainted with it.
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d. No sooner did the coach stop at the inn, Mr. Adams, according to his custom, threw himself into the
kitchen and found Joe sitting by the fireplace, and the host attending to his bruised leg.
e. Since his legs nearly touched the land when he rode the horse, he had fewer chances to fall and
pushed himself forward during such occasions so brilliantly that he by no means suffered any
accident.
A. bcade B. dbace C. daceb D. cbaed
20. a. This is possible because all, including the mind, are aspects of the same reality which is
consciousness.
b. Therefore knowing anything external is also a kind of self-knowledge.
c. Sensing through the sense organs is indirect knowledge (Paroksha Jnana).
d. However, when we see a cat, we are not seeing nervous changes in the Occipital area of the brain,
but we are seeing a cat which is a reality in the mental plane of consciousness.
e. Therefore, even though sensory in form, the essential content of sensation is extra-sensory.
A. edbc B. cdeb C. bcde D. ecbd
21. a. Though Darwin himself was not an avowed atheist, today more than ever his theory represents the
embattled front line in the confrontation between religion and atheism, as espoused by
neo-Darwinists like Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris and others.
b. However, many in India and not just those belonging to the Christian faith find themselves
uncomfortable with the either/or position of the radical neo-Darwinists: choose between a Creator
and Darwin;
c. In India, Darwin is not the bogey man as he is in the West.
d. You can’t have your God and believe in evolution too.
e. The Indian tradition which accommodates both atheism as well as a well-stocked pantheon of 33
million gods (including a monkey god) should have little problem playing host to evolution.
A. bedc B. edcb C. cedb D. cebd
22. a. To begin, what do feminist critics mean by the term patriarchy?
b. She herself admits that nowadays the average woman dismisses the term as an outdated “bugbear.”
c. Bennett is distressed at Brockes’s reply and insists that patriarchy is “essential to the future of
feminism.”
d. She recounts how Jane Fonda once remarked that “patriarchy is very much alive and well, and we
have to do something about it,” and her interviewer Emma Brockes replied that patriarchy is an
“anachronism” and that “lots of women would bridle at the suggestion they are victims of a
patriarchal system.”
e. According to Judith Bennett, in her recent work History Matters, patriarchy is the “central problem”
of women’s history, and even “one of the greatest general problems of all history.”
A. ebdc B. ecdb C. dcbe D. bcde
23. S1: A suicide bomber killed 18 people near a hospital of Baghdad, keeping violence on the boil after
Iraq’s landmark election and ahead of an important Shia religious ceremony.
a. The bomber drove his vehicle towards local government offices and a hospital in the town, but
detonated it outside blast walls protecting buildings.
b. Around 25 people were wounded in the attack, the second suicide car bombing in as many days.
c. “Looking at the partial result, it appears the Sistani list will have over 50% and Kurdish parties will
come second,” said a Sunni politician.
d. Meanwhile, the two electoral power houses representing Iraq’s Shia and Kurdish communities are
poised to clinch the country’s two top jobs. with results from the landmark January 30 polls expected
anytime. The proper sequence should be
A. dcab B. dbac C. abdc D. badc
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24. S1 : It should be noted that Lenin, being the head of the government, held no official posts in the Party
Central Committee, but presided over sessions of the Central Committee plenary meetings and also
of the Political Bureau.
a. In performing his party duties, he was assisted by a secretary of the Central Committee, or the head
of the Secretariat.
b. Officially, such a post did not exist at the time, but in practice one of the secretaries was expected to
supervise the work of the Secretariat.
c. That being the case, Lenin not only headed the Council of People’s commissars, but was also the de
facto leader of the Party’s Central Committee.
d. When Lenin’s health deteriorated, the question arose of strengthening the secretariat and an
authoritative leader has to be found who could supervise Party’s affairs in Lenin’s absence. The
proper sequence should be
A. abcd B. dcab C. dbac D. cabd
25. S. There is nothing in the world more fascinating than watching a child grow and develop.
a. At first you think of it as just a matter of growing bigger.
b. Then. as the infant begins to do things, you may think of it as learning tricks”.
c. In some ways, the development of each child retraces the whole history of the human race,
physically and spiritually, step by step.
d. But, it’s really more complicated and full of meaning than that. The proper sequence should be
A. abdc B. cabd C. abcd D. cadb
26. 1. ‘Flexibility’ is a slippery word.
a. To advocates of family-friendly work policy, it means having the ability to have some choice in where
you work, and when you work - without putting your career prospects in jeopardy.
b. These workers “can be ” and often “are ” sent home on a moment’s notice (and without pay) when
business is slow.
c. For low-wage workers, however, flexibility all too often means being at the beck and call of
employers.
d. For the fortunate, generally white-collar and well-educated workers it means being able to work
from home, take time off for parent-teacher conferences, or perhaps temporarily cut back to a
reduced work week.
6. This confusion of meaning was clearly what House Republicans were counting on when they chose
the ‘Working Families Flexibility Act’ as the name of legislation that aims to free businesses from the
necessity of providing workers with overtime pay when they labor extra hours.
A. dbca B. adcb C. cbad D. abcd
27. 1. Is a satirical flyer distributed a few days ago at Harvard with joking references to anti-semitism
worth defending?
a. This is not only a logically inconsistent position, but it is also one that harms our students.
b. We think so.
c. The protection of free speech is meaningless if what we really mean is “free speech we find
appropriate.”
d. When we prohibit or punish certain kinds of statements, even vile ones, then we are protecting
speech only insofar as we agree with it or it does not offend us.
6. The incident illustrates how badly well-intended policies and actions regarding free speech can lead
us away from our core values.
A. dcab B. bcda C. abcd D. dbca
28. 1. Soils in permafrost regions contain twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, and permafrost has an
important influence on the natural and built environment at high northern latitudes.
a. In the northernmost cave (at 60°N), no growth has occurred since Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 11
b. The response of permafrost to warming climate is uncertain and occurs on time scales longer than
those assessed by direct observation.
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c. Speleothem growth is restricted to full interglacial conditions in all studied caves.
d. We dated periods of speleothem growth in a north-south transect of caves in Siberia to reconstruct
the history of permafrost in past climate states.
6. Growth at that time indicates that global climates only slightly warmer than today are sufficient to
thaw extensive regions of permafrost.
A. dbac B. bdca C. abcd D. dcba
29. 1. The notion of ‘good governance’ was influentially fostered by international financial institutions like
the World Bank.
a. It was instead to create the most effective conditions for globalized trans-national capital to flourish,
so that investment and consequent economic growth could be best secured.
b. Important among these ideas was that the primary duty of the State was no longer to address
poverty, hunger and injustice, and to ensure the security of all citizens.
c. In other words, not only did people across cultures and nations start eating the same burgers; they
also began to believe that the same set of economic and public policies would benefit people across
nations.
d. There arose also a global assembly line of ideas and culture.
6. States did not even have to provision public goods like food, education, health care and public
transport; even these could be competitively secured through the functioning of markets.
A. dcba B. cbad C. abcd D. bcad
30. 1. Twenty-thousand people from all over the world have already applied for wanting to go to Mars on
a one-way ticket and live there forever.
a. One of the last times something like this happened was about 400 years ago when a lot of people
from Europe thought they could make the newly discovered continent of North America their home.
b. Is this a joke? Or are they serious?
c. As it turns out, they’re very serious.
d. And quite a success they made of that endeavour too.
6. But would the old continentals have ever ventured into their new country if they had known what the
conditions were like there?
A. bcad B. abcd C. dbca D. cdabff
31. 1. The Boston attacks largely confirmed what we already knew about surveillance cameras.
a. No one objects to cameras at high-profile targets or events.
b. They can, however, be helpful in investigations, as they were in Boston.
c. They don’t stop attacks - not in Boston, and not even in London or Times Square, which are
blanketed with cameras.
d. At the same time, we at the American Civil Liberties Union think there needs to be a balance.
6. Government surveillance of everyone’s activities anywhere in public without proper checks and
balances could fundamentally alter the way we live our everyday lives.
A. bcad B. abcd C. dabc D. cbad
32. L. The chain saw howled as I finished cutting through the branch,
a. The branch crashed to the ground, taking my spectacles with it.
b. 1 almost dropped the saw as I shielded my face from the twigs that brushed by.
c. Howard retrieved my glasses and handed them up to me.
d. I pulled the saw away, and my husband tugged against the other end of the rope that 1 had tied just
above the cut.L † : Are you okay? He asked.
A. bcad B. dbac C. dcab D. babc
33. L. All human beings are aware of the existence of a power greater than that of the mortals the name
given to such a power by individuals is an outcome of birth education and choice.
a. Logically, therefore such a power should be remembered in good times also.
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b. Their other philanthropic contributions include the construction and maintenance of religious places
such as temples or gurdwaras
c. Industrial organizations are also contribute to the veneration of this power by participating in
activities such as religious ceremonies and festivities organized by the employees
d. This power provides an anchor in times of adversity, difficulty and trouble...L
6: The top management/managers should participate in all such events, irrespective of their personal
choices.
A. bcad B. dbac C. dcab D. bdac
34. 1. A thorough knowledge of path or courses to be followed is essential for achieving success.
a. seniors must show the path clearly by lying down the precise expectations of the management in
terms of job description, key result areas, personal targets
b. They should also “light the path” by personal examples.
c. Advice tendered or help offered must be objectively evaluated for its effectiveness in achieving the
desired goals.
d. A display of arrogance and a false sense of “self-worth” in order to belittle those who come to help,
prove dysfunctional.
6. The individuality of each employee must be respected
A. cdab B. cadb C. badc D. abcd
35. a. The problem of food is intimately connected with population
b. wages will seldom rise in proportion to the rising prices
c. the market is governed by demand and supply
d. without enough food, such people lack health, strength of efficiency
e. if too many people demand goods to go round, prices will rise and poor classes willstarve
f. they fall an easy prey to all sorts of diseases.
A. cebd B. bcde C. dbec D. ecdb
36. 1. Mohan’s mother was out of station and had left a few recipes for Mohan to cook for himself. Here
is one.
a. After a while he added salt and chilli powder to the slightly fried potato pieces.
b. He cut and washed and peeled potatoes into tiny pieces.
c. When the oil was hot, he put the potato pieces into it, stirred them now and then to prevent them from
sticking to the kadai.
d. Then he put the kadai on the lighted stove and poured two table spoons of oil into it.
6. Finally, when it was well done, he took the kadai off the stove and transferred the fried potato into a
steel dish.
A. bdca B. bacd C. dbca D. acbd
37. 1. At the age of 18, Gandhi went to college, but remained for only part of the year.
a. Soon after this, he was advised to go to England to study to be a lawyer.
b. Studies did not interest him and he did not do well.
c. It was difficult for him to leave India and go to a foreign land where he would have to eat and drink
with foreigners.
d. This would not be easy.
6. This was against his religion and most of his relatives were against his religion, and most of his
relatives were against his going.
A. adcb B. dbac C. acbd D. badc
38. 1. In ancient times, people thought that their gods lived on the tops of mountains.
a. Naturally, they thought that birds were messengers from the Gods.
b. There were many beliefs about how to treat birds.
c. They, therefore, believed that anything above them was nearer to their Gods than they.
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d. People also believed that birds carried their souls to the Gods when they die.
6. Some people even believed that killing a bird was an act against the Gods and would bring bad luck.
A. badc B. cdab C. bdac D. cadb
39. 1. Surgeons are next only to God.
a. As such they become demigods in the eyes of their patients and their families.
b. And as the saying goes, cleanliness is next to godliness.
c. They give a new lease of life to people who are in their death-beds.
d. Further a surgeon’s work warrants cleanliness in every aspect.
6. Because of this purity which the surgeon see everywhere he tends to be pure in his heart too.
A. abcd B. cdab C. cadb D. bacd
40. 1. What is freedom?
a. There is so much choice that we find it difficult to choose.
b. Fortunately, we are now living in a world full of choice.
c. Without the possibility of choice and the exercise of choice, we are not human beings but only
inanimate objects.
d. Freedom is the right to choose.
6. Some people feel that we actually suffer from what may be called choice fatigue.
A. abcd B. dcba C. acbd D. dbca
***
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