Vitamin K BRANDNAME: Aqua- Mephyton, Vitamin K MECHANISM OF ACTION: Deaths have occurred after intravenous and intramuscular administration.
. Transient flushing sensations and peculiar sensations of taste have been observed, as well as rare instances of dizziness, rapid and weak pulse, profuse sweating, brief hypotension, dyspnea, and cyanosis. Pain, swelling, and tenderness at the injection site may occur. The possibility of allergic sensitivity including an anaphylactoid reaction, should be kept in mind. Infrequently, usually after repeated injection, erythematous, indurated, pruritic plaques have occurred; rarely, these have progressed to scleroderma-like lesions that have persisted for long periods. In other cases, these lesions have resembled erythema perstans. Hyperbilirubinemia has been observed in the newborn following administration of phytonadione. This has occurred rarely and primarily with doses above those recommended. SIDE EFFECTS Transient "flushing sensations" and "peculiar" sensations of taste have been observed, as well as rare instances of dizziness, rapid and weak pulse, profuse sweating, brief hypotension, dyspnea, and cyanosis. Pain, swelling, and tenderness at the injection site may occur. The possibility of allergic sensitivity including an anaphylactic reaction, should be kept in mind. Infrequently, usually after repeated injection, erythematous, indurated, pruritic plaques have occurred; rarely, these have progressed to scleroderma like lesions that have persisted for long periods. In other cases, these lesions have resembled erythema perstans. CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to any component of this medication. INDICATIONS: Vitamin K1 Injection (Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP) is indicated in the following coagulation disorders which are due to faulty formation of factors II, VII, IX and X when caused by vitamin K deficiency or interference with vitamin K activity. Vitamin K1 Injection is indicated in: anticoagulant-induced prothrombin deficiency caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives; prophylaxis and therapy of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn; hypoprothrombinemia due to antibacterial therapy; hypoprothrombinemia secondary to factors limiting absorption or synthesis of vitamin K, e.g., obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and regional enteritis;
other drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia where it is definitely shown that the result is due to interference with vitamin K metabolism, e.g., salicylates. NURSING CONSIDERATION: Observe for generalized ecchymosesor bleeding from umbilical cord, circumcision site, GI track. Observe for jaundice and kernicterus, especially in for preterm infants. Observe for local inflammation. Protect med from light. Give before circumcision procedure ERYTHROMYCIN BRANDNAME: CLASSIFICATION: Antiinfective, antibiotic MECHANISM OF ACTION: Erythromycin inhibits protein synthesis without affecting nucleic acid synthesis. Erythromycin is usually active against the following organisms in vitro and in clinical infections: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A -hemolytic), Alphahemolytic streptococci (viridans group), Staphylococcus aureus, including penicillinase-producing strains (methicillin-resistant staphylococci are uniformly resistant to erythromycin), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Eaton Agent, PPLO), Haemophilus influenzae (not all strains of this organism are susceptible at the erythromycin concentrations ordinarily achieved), Treponema pallidum, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis. Given to NBs to prevent opthalamic neonatorium (neonatal blindness ADVERSE REACTION: The most frequently reported adverse reactions are minor ocular irritations, redness, and hypersensitivity reactions. Edema and inflammation and inability to focus. Usually disappear in 24-48hrs. CONTRAINDICATION: This drug is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to erythromycin. INDICATIONS: For the treatment of superficial ocular infections involving the conjunctiva and/or cornea caused by organisms susceptible to erythromycin. For prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum due to N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis. The effectiveness of erythromycin in the prevention of ophthalmia caused by penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae is not established. For infants born to mothers with clinically apparent gonorrhea, intravenous or intramuscular injections of aqueous crystalline penicillin G should be given; a single dose of 50,000 units for term infants or 20,000 units for infants of low birth weight. Topical prophylaxis alone is inadequate for these infants.
HEPATITIS B BRANDNAME: Engerix B CLASSIFICATION: Anti-ineffective, Vaccines, Antisera & Immunologicals MECHANISM OF ACTION: Hepatitis B vaccines are used for active immunization against hepatitis B infection. Two types of vaccine have been available each containing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) adsorbed onto aluminium hydroxide or a similar adsorbent. ADVERSE REACTION: Soreness at injection site, erythema, swelling, warmth, induration, irritability, slight fever CONTRAINDICATION: Previous confirmed anaphylactic reaction to a previous dose of a vaccine containing the same antigens. Hypersensitivity. Vaccines prepared in egg cultures are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity reactions to egg. Severe immunodeficiency. Malignant disease being treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy and for at least 6 mth after stopping treatment. Patients with compromised immune system such as those on high-dose systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressants or HIV positive. INDICATIONS & DOSAGE: Intramuscular Active immunisation against hepatitis B Adult: Basic course includes 3 doses; 2nd and 3rd doses to be given 1 and 6 mth after the 1st dose respectively. Deltoid area is preferred in adults and older children. Dose depends on the product used. Typical doses are 10 or 20 mcg. Doses should be given via SC admin in haemophiliacs. Child: Basic course includes 3 doses; 2nd and 3rd doses to be given 1 and 6 mth after the 1st dose respectively. Deltoid area is preferred in older children while anterolateral thigh is the preferred site in neonates, infants and younger children. Dose depends on the product used. Typical doses are 5 or 10 mcg. NURSING CONSIDERATION: Learn potential adverse reactions Needs injection 0, 1, and 6 months to complete the series.
