BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE MANUAL 32-1065

SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

17 JULY 2020

CIVIL ENGINEERING

GROUNDING & ELECTRICAL

SYSTEMS

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY

ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available for downloading or ordering on the
e-Publishing website at www.e-Publishing.af.mi.
RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.

OPR: AF/A4CF Certified by: SAF/IE

(Mr. John W. Henderson)
Supersedes: AFI 32-1064, 29 December Pages: 103
2016; AFI 32-1065, 14 June 2017; AFMAN
32-1083, 30 Nov 1995

This Air Force Manual (AFMAN) implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 32-10,
Installations and Facilities. It assigns responsibilities and requirements for electrical grounding
systems, including systems for equipment grounding, lightning protection, and static protection.
This AFMAN also implements the maintenance requirements of Department of Defense DoDM
6055.09, Volume 2, Ammunition Explosives Safety Standards, Enclosure 4, “Lightning
Protection,”, for potentially hazardous explosives facilities. This AFMAN applies to Regular Air
Force (RegAF), Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) and Air National Guard (ANG) military
and civilian personnel performing work or inspections in accordance with this AFMAN. This
publication may be supplemented at any level, but all supplements must be routed to the Office
of Primary Responsibility (OPR) listed above for coordination prior to certification and approval.
Refer recommended changes and questions about this publication to the OPR listed above using
the Air Force Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication; route AF Forms 847 from
the field through the appropriate chain of command. The authorities to waive wing/unit level
requirements in this publication are identified with a Tier (“T-0, T-1, T-2, T-3”) number
following the compliance statement. See Air Force Instruction (AFI) 33-360, Publications and
Forms Management, Table 1.1 for a description of the authorities associated with the Tier
numbers. Submit requests for waivers through the chain of command to the appropriate Tier
waiver approval authority, or alternately, to the Publication OPR for non-tiered compliance
items. Ensure all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are
maintained in accordance with Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 33-363, Management of Records,
and disposed of in accordance with the Air Force Records Disposition Schedule located in the
Air Force Records Information Management System. The use of the name or mark of any
2 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

specific manufacturer, commercial product, commodity, or service in this publication does not
imply endorsement by the Air Force.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This AFMAN has been substantially revised and must be completely reviewed. Major changes
include the addition of electrical safe practices, updated office symbols, updated glossary, and
updated references.

Chapter 1—Roles and Responsibilities 7

Section 1A—Maintenance 7

1.1. The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force Installations, Environment, and Energy
(SAF/IE) shall: ......................................................................................................... 7

1.2. The Headquarters, United States Air Force, Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics,
Engineering and Force protection, Directorate of Civil Engineers (AF/A4C)
shall: ......................................................................................................................... 7

1.3. The Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center (AFIMSC) shall: .............. 7

1.4. The Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) shall: ............................................. 7

1.5. The Base Civil Engineer (BCE) shall: ..................................................................... 8

Chapter 2—Recordkeeping and Review for Explosives Facilities. 9

2.1. Inspectors and testers. .............................................................................................. 9

2.2. The Base Civil Engineer (BCE). .............................................................................. 9

2.3. Inspectors and testers. .............................................................................................. 9

2.4. Mandatory Review and Update of Record Drawings for Nuclear-Capable

Weapons and Munitions Storage and Maintenance Facilities. ................................ 9

2.5. Active and ongoing projects. ................................................................................... 10

2.6. Contract for a lightning protection system project................................................... 10

Chapter 3—FORMS 11

3.1. Forms for inspectors and testers. ............................................................................. 11

Chapter 4—PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS. 12

4.1. General Qualifications. ............................................................................................ 12

4.2. Advanced Qualifications. ......................................................................................... 12

4.3. Project Acceptance Qualifications. .......................................................................... 12

AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 3

4.4. IG and Nuclear Surety. ............................................................................................ 13

Chapter 5—DEVELOPING PROCEDURES 14

5.1. Standard and procedures. ......................................................................................... 14

Chapter 6—TESTING REQUIREMENTS 15

Section 6A—Grounding Resistance and Continuity Tests and Visual Inspections 15

6.1. Testing Requirements. ............................................................................................. 15

Chapter 7—VISUAL INSPECTIONS OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS 16

7.1. Inspections. .............................................................................................................. 16

Chapter 8—VISUAL INSPECTION OF FACILITY GROUNDS 17

Section 8A—Grounding and Lightning Protection Requirements 17

8.1. Visual Inspection. .................................................................................................... 17

Chapter 9—INTRODUCTION 18

Section 9A—Grounding and Lightning Protection Requirements 18

9.1. Grounding and lightning protection requirements. .................................................. 18

Chapter 10—TESTING AND INSPECTING STATIC AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION

SYSTEMS AND GROUNDING 19

10.1. Procedures. ............................................................................................................... 19

10.2. Inspection and Testing. ............................................................................................ 19

10.3. Records. ................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 10.1. Example Sketch of Test Points (Typical). ............................................................... 20

Chapter 11—Static Protection 21

11.1. Static Protection for Electronics and Electrical Equipment. .................................... 21

11.2. Static Bus Bars. ........................................................................................................ 21

Figure 11.1. Grounding Static Bus Bar on Interior Wall. ............................................................ 23

11.3. Belting Requirements. ............................................................................................. 23

11.4. Conductive Floor Grounds....................................................................................... 24

Chapter 12—LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS 25

12.1. Lighting protection requirements. ............................................................................ 25

12.2. General. .................................................................................................................... 25

4 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

12.3. Bonding Requirements. ........................................................................................... 25

12.4. Resistance to Ground. .............................................................................................. 25

12.5. Lightning Protection for Explosives Facilities......................................................... 25

12.6. Explosives Facility with Large Perimeter. ............................................................... 26

Figure 12.1. ECM With Center Conductor and Air Terminals. ................................................... 27

Figure 12.2. ECM Without Center Conductor and Air Terminals. .............................................. 28

12.7. Sunshades................................................................................................................. 29

12.8. Protective Aircraft Shelters (PAS) (also known as Hardened Aircraft Shelter
(HAS). ...................................................................................................................... 29

12.9. Lightning Protection for Above Ground Launch Structure. .................................... 29

Chapter 13—SURGE PROTECTION 30

13.1. Surge protection. ...................................................................................................... 30

13.2. WSAs, MSAs, and Communications Facilities: ...................................................... 30

13.3. Igloos or ECMs: ....................................................................................................... 31

13.4. Maintenance Facilities: ............................................................................................ 31

13.5. Communications Facilities: ..................................................................................... 31

13.6. General Requirements: ............................................................................................ 31

13.7. User Requirements:.................................................................................................. 32

Chapter 14—APPLICATION AND SCOPE 33

Section 14A—Electrical Safe Practices 33

14.1. Application and Scope. ............................................................................................ 33

Chapter 15—SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES 34

15.1. Personal Safety. ....................................................................................................... 34

15.2. Planning and Worker Awareness. ............................................................................ 34

15.3. Training Assistance.................................................................................................. 34

15.4. Safety Meetings. ...................................................................................................... 34

15.5. Specific Job-Related Safety Training. ..................................................................... 35

15.6. Assigning Tasks. ...................................................................................................... 36

15.7. Job Site Inspection. .................................................................................................. 36

AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 5

15.8. Mishap Reports. ....................................................................................................... 36

15.9. Standards and Codes. ............................................................................................... 36

15.10. Protective Equipment. .............................................................................................. 36

15.11. Scheduling Routine Maintenance. ........................................................................... 36

15.12. First Aid Training. ................................................................................................... 37

15.13. Rescue Training. ...................................................................................................... 37

15.14. Noise Hazards. ......................................................................................................... 37

15.15. System Maintenance. ............................................................................................... 37

15.16. Technical Data. ........................................................................................................ 37

15.17. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems. .............................. 37

15.18. Safe Clearance. ........................................................................................................ 38

15.19. Work on Energized Equipment. ............................................................................... 38

15.20. Routine Maintenance Outages. ................................................................................ 38

Chapter 16—POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB) 39

16.1. Purpose and Limitations. ......................................................................................... 39

16.2. Personal Contact Precautions. .................................................................................. 39

16.3. Cleaning Spills. ........................................................................................................ 39

16.4. Controlling Equipment Containing PCB. ................................................................ 39

Chapter 17—SAFE CLEARANCE REQUIREMENT 40

17.1. Safe Clearance Requirement. ................................................................................... 40

17.2. Switching and Blocking Procedures. ....................................................................... 40

17.3. Tagging Procedures. ................................................................................................ 41

17.4. Underground Distribution Systems.......................................................................... 41

17.5. Grounding Lines and Equipment. ............................................................................ 41

Chapter 18—ENERGIZED CIRCUITS 42

18.1. Energized Circuits.................................................................................................... 42

18.2. Electrical Hand Holes. ............................................................................................. 42

18.3. Low Voltage Electrical Panels. ................................................................................ 42

18.4. Electrical Manholes Containing Low-Voltage Circuits. .......................................... 42

6 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

18.5. Electrical Work Not In Manholes or Hand holes. .................................................... 42

18.6. Electrical Work in Manholes Containing Distribution Voltage. .............................. 43

18.7. Electrical Manholes Containing Transmission-Voltage Circuits. ............................ 45

Attachment 1—GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 46

Attachment 2—SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE FOR GROUNDING SYSTEMS. 54

Attachment 3—BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUNDING SYSTEMS 67

Attachment 4—BASIC BONDING REQUIREMENTS 74

Attachment 5—LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS 84

Attachment 6—MAINTENANCE SELF-CHECK FOR EXPLOSIVES FACILITIES 87

Attachment 7—TESTING REQUIREMENTS 88

Attachment 8—REQUIREMENTS FOR WEAR OF MILITARY UNIFORMS WITH ARC

THERMAL PERFORMANCE VALUE (ATPV) RATED PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 101
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 7

Chapter 1

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Section 1A—Maintenance

1.1. The Assistant Secretary of the Air Force Installations, Environment, and Energy
(SAF/IE) shall:
1.1.1. Be responsible for all doctrine, strategy, policy, guidance, and resource advocacy
related to the Air Force electrical systems and grounding program.
1.2. The Headquarters, United States Air Force, Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics,
Engineering and Force protection, Directorate of Civil Engineers (AF/A4C) shall:
1.2.1. Be responsible for Air Force Civil Engineering policy, strategy, doctrine, oversight,
directive guidance, and resource advocacy.
1.2.2. Be responsible for non-directive guidance related to the Air Force electrical systems
and grounding program.
1.2.3. Be responsible and responsible for the career field management of all Air Force
Electrical Systems personnel and advocate to ensure the Air Force has adequate combat
electrical systems capability.
1.3. The Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center (AFIMSC) shall:
1.3.1. Support the development of Air Force policy, strategy, doctrine, directive guidance,
and oversight related to the Air Force electrical systems and grounding program.
1.3.2. Be responsible for the development of non-directive publications and resource
advocacy related to the Air Force electrical systems and grounding program.
1.4. The Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) shall:
1.4.1. Support the development of Air Force policy, strategy, doctrine, directive guidance,
oversight, and resource advocacy related to the Air Force electrical systems and grounding
program.
1.4.2. Provide the Air Force electrical systems and grounding program subject matter
expert(s) (SME) to act as the Air Force senior consultant(s).
1.4.3. Execute the Air Force electrical systems and grounding program by setting standards,
developing procedures, and providing technical assistance to implement Air Force policy and
programs. This includes criteria for design, maintenance, repair, and management of
grounding and bonding systems in accordance with mandatory requirements of Unified
Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-520-01, Interior Electrical Systems; UFC 3-550-01, Exterior
Electrical Power Distribution; UFC 3-575-01, Lightning and Static Electricity Protection
Systems; and UFC 3-580-01, Telecommunications Interior Infrastructure Planning and
Design.
1.4.4. Be responsible to develop, maintain, and approve non-directive guidance to
implement the Air Force electrical systems and grounding program.
8 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

1.4.5. Consult with SAF/IE and AF/A4C on all non-directive guidance and execution of the
Air Force electrical systems and grounding program.
1.4.6. Assist Major Command and installation electrical systems and grounding personnel to
implement an effective electrical systems and grounding program. Provide technical support
for Direct Reporting Units (DRU) and small units in accordance with this AFMAN.
1.4.7. Coordinate with other service agencies on military electrical systems and grounding
program.
1.4.8. Review emerging and evolving technologies and evaluates for applicability to the Air
Force.
1.4.9. Evaluate grounding and bonding training conducted internally to the Air Force,
conducted by the Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), and conducted by the private sector.
1.4.10. Assist DRUs and Air Force installations with inspecting grounding and bonding
systems and with troubleshooting electrical issues suspected to stem from grounding and
bonding issues and discrepancies.
1.4.11. Assists Air Force Safety Center (AFSEC) and Inspector General (IG) personnel with
determining the equivalency of grounding and bonding protection systems.
1.5. The Base Civil Engineer (BCE) shall:
1.5.1. Provide oversight and support in accordance with DoD, federal, state, and legally
applicable host nation laws. (T-0).
1.5.2. Provide facilities, equipment, and material to support the local electrical systems and
grounding program. (T-0).
1.5.3. Maintain lightning and grounding systems specifically identified in Table A2.1
according to the procedures within, or procedures referenced by, this AFMAN. Wavier tiers
per grounding system provided within table.
1.5.4. Ensure that user organizations identified in Table A2.1 are aware of their maintenance
responsibilities. (T-2).
1.5.5. Train users to perform their responsibilities to inspect and maintain lightning and
grounding systems as identified in Table A2.1 when requested. On installations with
privately owned electrical utility systems, consult with the owner. (T-2).
1.5.6. Review the lightning protection system record drawings on each facility at least
annually or after repair actions (including facility repairs and construction additions by
contractors) have been completed.
1.5.7. Ensure that, for all functions of the civil engineer squadron that are contracted (e.g.,
base operations support (BOS) and contractors supporting contractor-maintained
government-owned facilities and installations), the responsibilities listed within this AFMAN
are included in the contract, as applicable.
1.5.8. Ensure compliance with applicable codes and specifications in Attachment 1 unless
modified in this AFMAN, or deviations are justified due to local conditions. (T-1).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 9

Chapter 2

RECORDKEEPING AND REVIEW FOR EXPLOSIVES FACILITIES.

2.1. Inspectors and testers. Inspectors and testers must compile and maintain records of their
inspections and tests. (T-1). Records should include the following (sample records are provided
in Attachment 6, Figures A7.6, A7.7, A7.8, and A7.9):
2.1.1. A sketch of the grounding and lightning protection system is provided showing test
points and where services enter the facility. The sketch should also show the location of the
probes during the ground resistance test. Separate sketches are suggested for static, earth
ground, and lightning protection systems on large complex facilities. See Figure A7.8 and
Figure A7.9 for examples of sketches or drawings that contain required information.
2.1.2. Date action was performed.
2.1.3. Inspector's or tester's names, duty location or agency and contact information.
2.1.4. General condition of air terminals, conductors, and other components.
2.1.5. General condition of corrosion protection measures.
2.1.6. Security of attachment for conductors and components.
2.1.7. Resistance measurements of the various parts of the ground terminal system.
2.1.8. Variations from the requirements of this AFMAN.
2.1.9. Discrepancies noted and corrective actions taken.
2.1.10. Dates of repairs.
2.2. The Base Civil Engineer (BCE). The BCE will review records for deficiencies; also
analyze the data for undesirable trends. If test values differ substantially from previous or
original tests obtained under the same test procedure and conditions determine the reason and
make necessary repairs. (T-1).
2.3. Inspectors and testers. Inspectors and testers will keep test and inspection records in
accordance with DoDM 6055.09 Volume 2 DoD Ammunition And Explosives Safety Standards:
Explosives Safety Construction Criteria. (T-1).
2.4. Mandatory Review and Update of Record Drawings for Nuclear-Capable Weapons
and Munitions Storage and Maintenance Facilities. Reproducible lightning protection system
(LPS) drawings are required to be included in record drawings and available for immediate use
by AFSEC in initial and updated explosives site plans. The BCE will ensure the record drawings
contain:
2.4.1. Dimensions and material sizes for all LPS materials from top view and applicable
elevations. (T-2).
2.4.2. Identification of test points. (T-2).
2.4.3. A 100-foot (30.5-meter) radius rolling sphere superimposed on elevations. (See
Figure A7.10 for a sample drawing.) (T-2).
10 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

2.5. Active and ongoing projects. No ongoing or currently active project (awarded or under
design) on nuclear, nuclear-capable, weapons storage area (WSA) or munitions storage areas
(MSA) shall be accepted until drawings are delivered to and approved by the BCE. BCE may
designates a representative, they need to do so in writing. Drawings must meet American
National Standards Institute (ANSI), Architectural Graphic Standards (AGS), and Architectural
Engineering and Construction (AEC) standards for content, abbreviations, reproducibility, and
graphics. A signature by the BCE or their designated representative is required as proof of
receipt and approval of as-built drawings. (T-2).
2.6. Contract for a lightning protection system project. The contract for a lightning
protection system project, or for any project on a facility containing a lightning protection
system, shall require an LPS inspection by other than the designer and installer, prior to
acceptance of the project. This may be accomplished by compliance with UFC 3-575-01, third-
party inspection requirements, or by advanced government training, as outlined in paragraph
6.2 of this AFMAN. Projects calling for a facility addition, with or without addition to the
existing LPS, shall consider the configuration of the overall facility LPS in the design. Projects
of this type shall ensure the final LPS as a whole is compliant with this AFMAN and National
Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 780, in that priority order. (T-2) Chapter 12 applies for
facilities housing explosives, whether permanent or temporary. See AFMAN 91-201, Explosive
Safety Standards, for testing requirements. (T-0).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 11

Chapter 3

FORMS

3.1. Forms for inspectors and testers. Inspectors and testers will provide copies of completed
forms to the facility user. For munitions facilities maintained by host nation civil engineers, the
using agency must receive a copy of the completed forms. (T-1).
3.1.1. Sample questions and Visual Inspection Forms, for inspection and test records are
provided in Attachment 6, Figures A7.6, and A7.7
3.1.2. Either the sample forms or the Air Force General Purpose Form (3100 series) may be
used to record test results for other-than-explosives facilities.
12 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Chapter 4

PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS.

4.1. General Qualifications. Workers maintaining, repairing, modifying, and testing grounding
systems must be thoroughly familiar with test equipment operation, lightning protection,
grounding, bonding theory, practices, referenced codes, standards, specific requirements, and
procedures in this AFMAN. DAC course number 4E-F37 645-F21 (formerly referred to as
AMMO-47), AMMO-48, or an official on-the-job (OJT) program. If OJT is selected, the trainee
must be instructed and mentored by a worker who has completed AMMO-47 or AMMO-48
within the last three years, and training milestones comparable to those in formal training must
be tracked and documented by the electrical superintendent. Minimum OJT program is 6 months.
Workers will renew maintenance training every three years, +/- one month. One person with
completion of AMMO-47 or AMMO-48 within the past three years must be part of the electrical
shop at all times. (T-2). Attachments 2 through 6 provide information suitable for use in
training and familiarization. Exception: ANG will determine training requirements for their
technicians that follows this guidance as closely as reasonably possible.
4.2. Advanced Qualifications. In addition to general qualifications, government personnel may
meet the third party inspector requirements of this AFMAN with additional training.
Government personnel responsible for inspection and acceptance of contracts, including
simplified acquisition of base engineering requirements (SABER) contracts, on facilities with
LPS installation have the following requirements: For official (designated in writing by the BCE)
CE inspectors, advanced qualifications shall be renewed every three years. AFRC units and
ANG may comply with UFC 3-575-01, in lieu of these advanced qualifications for a third-party
inspector. (T-1).
4.2.1. Attendance and completion of the Senior Inspector AMMO-50 course, or equivalent,
with completion certificate. AFCEC/CO must approve the equivalent course, based on
content, prior to participation. An equivalent course would be one in which all topics in
AMMO-50 are covered, all codes and references in AMMO-50 are addressed, a class field
inspection is conducted for the purpose of identifying real-world common discrepancies, and
certification must be conditional upon passing a graded, comprehensive examination, which
includes an LPS design, essay questions, and code Air Force criteria (with focus on this
AFMAN) based questions. A certificate of completion and competency within three years
prior to the inspection is required.
4.2.2. Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) 3E0X1, 7-level, with training commensurate with
that level of expertise and experience or, for civilians, training and experience equivalent to
this AFSC.
4.2.3. Proficiency using test equipment required to obtain test readings for inspections
referenced in this AFMAN.
4.3. Project Acceptance Qualifications. Air Force-approved inspectors, with authority to
recommend acceptance of LPSs that protect explosives facilities and communications facilities,
are limited to:
4.3.1. Nationally recognized inspection agencies who have a minimum 10 years of
experience in inspection of LPS for explosives facilities on DoD or Department of Energy
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 13

(DoE) installations and have exhibited accuracy in identifying discrepancies, evidenced by

no modifications having been required for the system during the warranty period (see UFC 3-
575-01). Discrepancies must not be listed on any database with public access. (T-1).
4.3.2. Air Force personnel with a minimum six years of experience in LPS maintenance and
have taken an advanced lightning protection systems senior inspector course approved by the
Air Force. (T-2).
4.3.3. Air Force-contracted maintenance personnel (BOS or other contracted maintenance to
government-owned facilities) shall meet the experience levels of paragraph 4.3.2 (T-2).
4.4. IG and Nuclear Surety. Qualifications required for Nuclear Surety Inspections (NSI),
Nuclear Surety Staff Assistance Visits (NSSAV), and Initial Nuclear Surety Inspection (INSI) of
nuclear facilities:
4.4.1. Military technicians must:
4.4.1.1. Attend and complete the initial Air Force Inspection Agency inspector’s course.
(T-1).
4.4.1.2. Attend and complete the AMMO-47, AMMO-48, or equivalent experience, with
completion certificate or supervisor memorandum of qualification stating what equivalent
course was taken on file. (T-1).
4.4.1.3. Attend and complete an advanced commercial lightning protection course per
paragraph 4.2 (T-1).
4.4.1.4. AFSC 3E0X1, 7-level, with training and experience commensurate to that
intended level of expertise. (T-1).
4.4.1.5. Proficiency using test equipment required to obtain test readings for inspections
referenced in this AFMAN, validated in writing by a supervisor. (T-1).
4.4.2. Civilian must:
4.4.2.1. Attend and complete AMMO-47, AMMO-48, or equivalent experience, with
completion certificate or supervisor memorandum of qualification on file. (T-1).
4.4.2.2. Attend and complete an advanced commercial lightning protection course per
paragraph 4.2.2 (T-1).
4.4.2.3. Have 10 years of experience in maintenance and inspection of LPS in a field
equivalent to AFSC 3E0X1, 7-level. (T-1).
4.4.2.4. Proficiency using test equipment required to obtain test readings for inspections
referenced in this AFMAN, validated in writing by a supervisor. (T-1).
14 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Chapter 5

DEVELOPING PROCEDURES

5.1. Standard and procedures. The organization performing inspections and tests must
develop standard procedures based on the requirements in this AFMAN. To avoid potential
security issues, inspection information providing the facility name, facility number, street
address, may include base on which the facility is located must not be posted to any site available
for public access. (T-0).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 15

Chapter 6

TESTING REQUIREMENTS

Section 6A—Grounding Resistance and Continuity Tests and Visual Inspections

6.1. Testing Requirements. See Attachment 7 for resistance and continuity test requirements
for typical systems. (T-1). Instruments must be able to measure 10 ohms +10 percent for ground
resistance tests and 1 ohm +10 percent for continuity testing.
6.1.1. Only instruments designed specifically for earth-ground systems are acceptable for
ground resistance testing.
6.1.2. Follow the manufacturer’s instruction manual except as modified herein when using
the instruments.
6.1.3. Earth-ground resistance should be less than 25 ohms at the service grounding
electrode unless otherwise specified in this AFMAN. Note. The National Electrical Code
(Articles 250.52 and 250.53) does not require 25 ohms to ground for a ground ring
(counterpoise); therefore, ground rings are not required to be tested for resistance. Resistance
test requirements are for the grounding electrodes bonded to the ground ring. Continuity
testing is required for the ground ring (counterpoise).
6.1.4. Periodic tests should be made at approximately the same time each year to minimize
distortions to readings resulting from seasonal changes see Attachment 2. (T-1).
6.1.5. If the resistance measured during continuity tests is greater than 1 ohm, check for
deficiencies, repair, and then retest. NOTE: When performing a continuity test over very
long lengths of conductors (more than 65 feet (20 meters) with no parallel paths), readings
above 1 ohm but less than 3 ohms may occur. This can be due to the added resistance of the
test wire and is acceptable. Documentation of the procedures is required and kept on file. The
base electrical engineer may modify the test procedures to compensate for local conditions as
long as the intent of the test is still met.
16 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Chapter 7

VISUAL INSPECTIONS OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS

7.1. Inspections. Inspector will annually inspect all visible parts of the system. (T-1). Pulling or
tugging on conductors and connections to ensure soundness is a necessary part of these
inspections, be careful not to damage the system in the process. Visual or physical inspection
must determine if:
7.1.1. The system is in good repair.
7.1.2. Loose connections might be causing high-resistance joints.
7.1.3. Corrosion or vibration has weakened any part of the system.
7.1.4. Down conductors, roof conductors, ground terminals and all other components are
intact, air terminals exceeding 24 inches in length are supported at a point not less than one-
half their length, and no components or fasteners are missing.
7.1.5. Braided bonding wires or straps are excessively frayed (cross-sectional area reduced
by half).
7.1.6. Ground wires and down conductors, air terminals (for earth-covered magazines
(ECM), masts, or poles that might have been damaged by mowers, equipment, or vehicles.
7.1.7. Conductors and system components are securely fastened to mounting surfaces.
Position connections to better protect against accidental displacement. Do not use Adhesive-
type fasteners.
7.1.8. Project additions or alterations to the protected structure require additional protection.
See UFC 3-575-01.
7.1.9. Surge protective devices (SPDs) supporting facilities and facility service appear
damaged or indicator lamps signal an operation has occurred. Note: Inspection, repair, and
replacement of SPDs protecting equipment are the responsibility of the equipment owner or
user.
7.1.10. The system complies with the intent of applicable sections of the most recent version
of NFPA 780, unless otherwise noted in this AFMAN. (T-1).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 17

Chapter 8

VISUAL INSPECTION OF FACILITY GROUNDS

Section 8A—Grounding and Lightning Protection Requirements

8.1. Visual Inspection. Unless otherwise specified by references in Table A2.1, conduct visual
inspections as follows. Inspect all visible and accessible parts of the facility grounding system.
Validate satisfactory condition and verify the installation meets the National Electric Code
(NEC) requirements (T-1). Typical items to check include:
8.1.1. The system is in good repair.
8.1.2. No loose connections are visible.
8.1.3. The system neutral is grounded at the service entrance. This may be achieved either by
bonding the neutral bus to the ground bus in the main distribution panel or by connection to
the grounding electrode (single point ground) for the facility.
8.1.4. Separately derived systems are properly grounded.
8.1.5. Flashover protection (bonding) is installed on insulating fittings on underground
metallic pipelines entering the facility.
8.1.6. Grounding systems and static systems within the facility are bonded together at floor
level or at or below ground level outside the building.
18 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Chapter 9

INTRODUCTION

Section 9A—Grounding and Lightning Protection Requirements

9.1. Grounding and lightning protection requirements. This section covers requirements for
grounding and lightning protection systems, including systems installed on or in areas such as
explosives buildings, magazines, operating locations, and aircraft shelters. Use these
requirements when inspecting to determine compliance and when repairing or modifying
systems. See AFMAN 91-201.
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 19

Chapter 10

TESTING AND INSPECTING STATIC AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS

AND GROUNDING

10.1. Procedures. Use Attachment 4 and Attachment 5 as a guide for establishing proper
maintenance procedures and as a self-check prior to inspections. (T-1).
10.2. Inspection and Testing. Visually inspect and test the static, grounding, and lightning
protection systems for buildings and facilities in accordance with Section A, Maintenance
Policy, and Section B, Grounding Resistance and Continuity Tests and Visual Inspections, and
the special requirements in this section. (T-1).
10.3. Records. Inspectors and testers will keep test and inspection records in accordance with
DoDM 6055.09, for a minimum of six inspection cycles. (T-1). Figure 10.1 is an example sketch
of a grounding and lightning protection system with test points.
20 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Figure 10.1. Example Sketch of Test Points (Typical).

AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 21

Chapter 11

STATIC PROTECTION

11.1. Static Protection for Electronics and Electrical Equipment. The best methods to
eliminate or reduce the hazard from static electricity are bonding and grounding. Bonding
minimizes potential differences between conductive objects. Grounding minimizes potential
differences between objects and the ground. Inspectors will inspect and test facilities for
compliance with NFPA 77, Static Electricity, which contains the minimum acceptable static
grounding and bonding requirements for Air Force activities, except as modified in this
AFMAN. (T-0). See Attachment 3. (T-1).
11.1.1. Bonding conductors shall be large enough to withstand mechanical damage.
Minimum size for existing bonding conductors is American wire gauge (AWG) No. 8. If
bonding conductors are in areas of high use or are subject to physical damage, make repairs
with wires no smaller than AWG No. 6 copper. Static grounds for portable or movable
equipment must be of braided cable for added flexibility. (T-0).
11.1.2. Static grounds shall be 10,000 ohms to ground or less, unless otherwise stated. (T-0).
Static electricity creates extremely small (on the magnitude of milliamps) currents, so even
this large resistance is small enough to bleed off static charges. But because the static
grounding system must be connected to the facility grounding system, resistances of less than
25 ohms are common.
11.2. Static Bus Bars. Static bus bars are usually 2-inch by 0.25-inch copper bars installed on
the interior wall of the facility. The length will vary for new facilities but design the bar itself to
be no closer than 12 inches from the intersection of an interior wall with an exterior wall for
side-flash reasons. See Figure 11.1 for bus bar end and for transition at floor level, around
windows, and doorways (requires depression for ground wire).
11.2.1. Design the down conductor location so that it does not “cross” an interior static bus
bar. For existing facilities at which this condition exists, perform side-flash calculations to
ensure that the wall thickness exceeds the side flash distance. Typically, the side flash
distance through the wall, using the basic bonding formula (BBF), exceeds the calculated
side-flash distance at the normal static bus bar height up to 48 inches (1.2 meters).
11.2.2. If installed within side flash distance, relocate either the down conductor or
discontinue the static bus bar 1 foot (0.3 meter) either side of the exterior down conductor
location and bond the two sections of the static bus bar at floor level, using a 1/0 copper
conductor. Note: For structures exceeding 250 feet (76 meters) in perimeter, if relocating the
down conductor results in a separation distance of greater than 100 feet (30.5 meters)
between down conductors, an additional down conductor may be necessary.
11.2.3. The grounding conductor from the static bus bar shall be connected directly to the
facility grounding electrode system. See Attachment 6 for testing requirements. Use static
bus bars only for static grounding.
11.2.4. Communications systems, electrical conduit, intrusion detection systems, and other
permanently installed systems shall not use the static bus bar as a system ground. As a
general rule, do not connect a static bus to any facility metal body or use this bus to ground
22 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

structural components of a facility; however, coincidental connections of the bus bar through
its anchoring, mounting system are acceptable, as is the mounting of the static bars on the
skin of a metal structure.
11.2.5. Portable grounding straps from equipment to the static grounding bus are not real
property; therefore, visual inspections and continuity tests for these straps are the
responsibility of the user. (T-0).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 23

Figure 11.1. Grounding Static Bus Bar on Interior Wall.

11.3. Belting Requirements. On equipment such as belt-driven compressors and conveyor

belts, if static electricity is a hazard, use non-static-producing belting. Belting must have a
24 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

resistance not exceeding 1,000,000 ohms when measured according to Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 142, IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding for
Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Green Book), reference Chapter 3. (T-0).
11.4. Conductive Floor Grounds. If the electronic equipment within a facility requires a
resistance of the floor-to-ground of less than 1,000,000 ohms, a conductive floor is required.
This resistance value is the sum of the resistance of the floor plus a person, added together.
Static dissipative footwear which is a type of personal protective equipment (PPE) will ensure
protection for personnel from electric shock hazard and will allow bleed-off of static buildup in
personnel and equipment. Testing requirements are in Attachment 7. (T-1). Using agency must
keep a record of test results. (T-1).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 25

Chapter 12

LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS

12.1. Lighting protection requirements. The following requirements will be used as a guide
for facilities that require or possess lightning protection. (T-1).
12.2. General. Lighting Protection Systems must comply with NFPA 780 and UFC 3-575-01,
whichever is more restrictive (except as modified herein). See Attachment 4. (T-0). Early
streamer emission systems, charge dissipation systems, or other unconventional systems are not
permitted. Parts and materials must carry the Underwriters Laboratories® (UL) label or
equivalent, and must be listed for use on lightning protection systems. (T-0). Components not
carrying a UL label or equivalent, or components carrying a UL label or equivalent and not listed
for use on lightning protection systems, must be approved by the BCE or designated
representative. (T-2). Facilities in foreign countries may use host nation codes and standards if
they offer equivalent protection, as determined by the BCE, with concurrence from
AFCEC/COSM and, for facilities housing explosives, approval of the DoD Explosive Safety
Board (DDESB). (T-0). Otherwise, the status of forces agreement (SOFA) must specifically
permit the use of host nation codes. Where the SOFA requires compliance with host nation
codes, translate those required codes into English, make them available to all appropriate
personnel, and conduct necessary training. Maintain all installed systems in accordance with this
AFMAN. If an existing lightning protection system is no longer required, coordinate with the
facility manager to remove the LPS. Test records of the LPS must remain with the facility for six
inspection cyclesinspections are required every 24 months. therefore, six inspection cycles are
24 months times 6 inspection cycles divided by 12 months per year or 12 years. (T-1).
12.3. Bonding Requirements. Adequate bonding is more important than grounding. Bonding
ensures all metallic objects are at equal potentials to protect personnel against dangerous arcs or
flashovers. Inspectors will inspect and test facilities for compliance with NFPA 780 and
Attachment 3 (T-0).
12.4. Resistance to Ground. Low resistance is desirable but not essential for lightning
protection. For most facilities and per NEC Article 250.53, Grounding and Bonding, (resistance
to ground should be less than 25 ohms at the service grounding electrode. If 25 ohms cannot be
achieved with the addition of a grounding electrode, a supplemental electrode may be necessary,
depending upon the magnitude of resistance obtained and the contents of a facility being
protected. The resistance to ground of a ground loop conductor is acceptable even if greater than
25 ohms. See Attachment 2. (T-1).
12.5. Lightning Protection for Explosives Facilities. AFMAN 91-201 identifies explosives
facilities that require lightning protection systems. Use the basic practices in that AFMAN, with
the following additions:
12.5.1. The system shall be designed for a 100-foot (30.5-meter) striking distance. (T-0).
Note: an administrative, educational, or other non-explosives-type facility located within a
weapons or munitions storage area may be designed for a 150-foot (45.7-meter) striking
distance.
12.5.2. Installation of test wells or hand holes at corner grounding electrodes for existing
connections to grounding electrodes is recommended to aid with access for testing unless
26 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

conductors are exothermically welded to the grounding electrode and the exothermic weld is
shown on record drawings.
12.5.3. Replace existing bolted connectors on down conductors and roof conductors, when
in need of repair, with high compression or exothermic-weld type connectors. Connections to
air terminals are an exception, but they must be tight and in good repair. Bolted connections
to aluminum bodies (such as vents) and to metal bodies for the purpose of bonding are also
acceptable. Brazing to metal bodies is not allowed for new construction due to the possibility
of a cold weld with inadequate strength. (T-0).
12.5.4. The metal framework of a structure shall be permitted to be utilized as an air terminal
and main conductor of a lightning protection system if it is equal to or greater than 3⁄16
(0.188) inch (4.8 millimeters) in thickness and is electrically continuous, either inherently or
made. (T-0).
12.6. Explosives Facility with Large Perimeter. New explosives facilities with a perimeter
over 300 feet (91.4 meters) that require lightning protection and do not use the structural steel as
an air terminal equivalent shall use either a mast system or an overhead wire system. See
Attachment 4 for requirements. (T-1). Such indirect air terminal designs are intended to
provide lightning attachment away from the facility and not directly to the facility. It also
reduces maintenance and installation costs. The BCE may waive this requirement (overhead or
mast system). ECMs are not required to carry air terminals from headwall to headwall (for drive-
through ECMs) or from headwall to air vent. (T-2).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 27

Figure 12.1. ECM With Center Conductor and Air Terminals.

28 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Figure 12.2. ECM Without Center Conductor and Air Terminals.

AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 29

12.7. Sunshades. The metal framework of a sunshade structure shall be permitted to be utilized
as an air terminal and main conductor of a lightning protection system if structural members are
equal to or greater than 3⁄16 (0.188) inch (4.8 millimeters) in thickness and structural members
are electrically continuous (either inherent or made) to ground. Grounding requirements depend
upon the footing of the vertical support units (columns). Vertical support units with full footers
require no further grounding. The flight line (to include sunshade areas) is evacuated once
lightning is at a distance in nautical miles (NM]) determined by the base; therefore, step potential
is not considered for sunshades. Vertical support units bolted to the apron concrete make it
necessary to, as a minimum, install one grounding electrode at two diagonally opposite corners.
Roof material, whether metallic or fabric, is of no consequence when considering the steel
structure as a lightning protection system.
12.8. Protective Aircraft Shelters (PAS) (also known as Hardened Aircraft Shelter
(HAS). Aircraft shelters with continuous interior steel arches, either visible or validated by
record drawings, provides a Faraday-like shield and therefore requires no air terminals. Exterior
metallic ventilators with an enclosure at least 3/16 (0.188) inch (4.8 millimeters) in thickness do
not require air terminals if properly bonded to the steel arch. Metallic ventilators less than 3/16
(0.188) inch (4.8 mm) in thickness must be protected by an air terminal bonded to the steel arch
in accordance with NFPA 780. All metal bodies mounted to the steel arch shall be bonded and
grounded in accordance with this AFMAN and NFPA 780. The facility grounding system shall
also comply with this AFMAN and NFPA 780. Since the floor is designed to be separable from
the walls, the walls and the floor shall be permanently bonded to a single grounding point or
series of connected grounding points identified on record drawings. If no record drawings are
available, continuity shall be validated by a minimum of four shell-to-ground tests interior to the
facility. A sketch will be made, indicating test points, and this shall become the record drawing.
Visual inspection will be conducted every 12 months and testing will be conducted every 24
months. (T-0).
12.9. Lightning Protection for Above Ground Launch Structure. Above ground launch
structures shall be provided the same protection as explosive facilities (see paras 12.5 and 12.6)
with the following additions:
12.9.1. Lighting Protection for Above Ground Launch Structure will be designed in
accordance with NFPA 780 and this document. Base the design on top 100 feet (30.48
meters) of the structure.
12.9.2. All structural metal shall be bonded.
12.9.3. When practical, structural steel members will be made electrically continuous and
used as down conductors.
12.9.4. The structure will have an interconnecting ring conductor installed every 200 feet
(60.91 meters) in height when the structural members do not form a ring every 200 feet
(60.91 meters). In some cases, it will be necessary to attach temporary conductors between
the fixed and moveable portions of the launch structure to ensure potential equalization.
12.9.5. All antennas, radomes, and dishes mounted external to the structure will have surge
suppression installed where the conductor enters the launch structure.
30 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Chapter 13

SURGE PROTECTION

13.1. Surge protection. Surge protection is required on electrical service entrances and on
some interior distribution panels in accordance with NFPA 780. (T-0). Protection shall meet the
requirements of the following paragraphs. (T-1).
13.1.1. SPD, formerly referred to as TVSS (transient voltage surge suppression), protect
facilities and facility contents from transient voltages resulting from lightning surges,
switching surges, and surges internal to the facility. SPDs may protect the upstream
distribution system from the rapid switching effects of user-owned electronics.
13.1.2. For large facilities, SPDs are most effective when used in the form of tiered
protection. Tiered protection means providing protection at main distribution panels, at
secondary or sub-panels, and at the equipment point of use.
13.1.3. For protection of non-real property installed equipment, refer to the equipment
manufacturers’ requirements for surge protection. The owner of the communications or
other equipment funds the purchase, installation, and maintenance of any surge protective
devices required for the protection. To include items desired by the user for additional
protection of communications and other equipment.
13.1.4. In facilities such as dormitories and other facilities with only basic electronics, low-
dollar content, or with minimal occupants, surge protection may be met by the a lightning
protection system.
13.1.5. Surge protection shall be provided for all incoming power to facilities with
electronic-intensive training systems. (T-3).
13.2. WSAs, MSAs, and Communications Facilities:
13.2.1. Standard, published, minimum 10-year unlimited replacement warranty on product.
Entire unit shall be replaced upon detection of the failure of any mode. (T-1).
13.2.2. All mode (10 modes), directly connected protection elements (l-n, l-g, l-l, n-g).
Direct clamping l-n and l-l is required. (T-1).
13.2.3. F1 polycarbonate enclosure or National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA) 4 or NEMA 4X steel enclosure: Inaccessible to unqualified persons. (T-1).
13.2.4. Internal over-current fusing on each phase for self-protection from failed
component(s) and an internal disconnect for each phase. (T-1).
13.2.5. Individual component level thermal fusing. (T-1).
13.2.6. Bi-polar protection. (T-1).
13.2.7. The SPD shall contain continuous self-monitoring devices with indicator lamps for
each mode. (T-1). These may be located inside enclosed areas such as mechanical rooms if
an indicator lamp is provided in a visible area. Install the indicator lamp in a location that can
easily be seen from a vehicle (to allow drive-by visual inspections), if permitted. Drive-by
visual inspections allow maintenance personnel to quickly identify devices are operated and
to assess whether a group of SPDs in a single area have operated.
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 31

13.2.8. Cable connection between a bus and SPD shall be minimum No. 10 AWG for
installation at main distribution panels and sub-panels. (T-1).
13.3. Igloos or ECMs: Up to 60A service.
13.3.1. Visible indicators of SPD operation on the exterior of facilities. Drive-by visual
inspections may be an effective means of inspecting SPDs.
13.3.2. 60kA/mode to allow the following requirement.
13.3.3. 180kA/phase peak service surge current.
13.3.4. Non-modular. The entire unit shall be replaced upon detection of the failure of one
mode of operation. Ease of installation shall not be traded for possible minimized protection
level. (T-1).
13.4. Maintenance Facilities: 400-600A service. (T-1).
13.4.1. Visible indicators of SPD operation on the exterior of facilities. Drive-by visual
inspections may be an effective means of inspecting SPDs.
13.4.2. 180kA/mode to allow the following requirement.
13.4.3. 240kA/phase peak service surge current.
13.4.4. Non-modular. The entire unit shall be replaced upon detection of the failure of one
mode of operation. Ease of installation shall not be traded for possible minimized protection
level. (T-1).
13.5. Communications Facilities: Up to 1800A.
13.5.1. Visible indicators of SPD operation on the exterior of facilities or audible alarm.
13.5.2. 200kA/mode to allow the following requirement.
13.5.3. 600kA/phase peak service surge current.
13.5.4. Non-modular. The entire unit shall be replaced upon detection of the failure of one
mode of operation. Ease of installation shall not be traded for possible minimized protection
level.
13.6. General Requirements:
13.6.1. Nominal discharge current test at 20kA (UL testing allows 10kA or 20kA, but testing
at 10kA is not allowed for Air Force facilities). (T-0).
13.6.2. Unit type (NFPA 70, NEC, Article 285): (T-0).
13.6.2.1. Type 1 unit is required for the supply side of the service or building disconnect
means. (T-0).
13.6.2.2. Type 2 or 3 units, when required by the equipment, must be installed on the
load side of the overcurrent protective devices (not needed for igloos). (T-0).
32 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

13.7. User Requirements: SPDs shall be provided on proprietary equipment by the

communications provider or the tenant communications agency or group. (T-1).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 33

Chapter 14

APPLICATION AND SCOPE

Section 14A—Electrical Safe Practices

14.1. Application and Scope. This section applies to all electrical work done either in house or
by contract when incorporated as a part of the contract documents on infrastructure and facilities
that are maintained and operated by the Air Force, assigns supervisor responsibilities and
provides necessary guidance to safely build, operate, and maintain electrical distribution systems
and equipment. It complies with NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical. Safety in the Workplace, 29
CFR 1910, Subpart S, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, UFC 3-560-01, Operation and
Maintenance: Electrical Safety and incorporates National Consensus Standards.
34 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Chapter 15

SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES

15.1. Personal Safety. Supervisors must provide a safe and healthful work environment. (T-0).
Supervisors must ensure facilities, work areas, equipment, and work procedures comply with
safety, fire, and health policies. (T-0). Each supervisor must be thoroughly familiar with safe
working practices, particularly those in UFC 3-560-01 and applicable standards and codes
referenced in Attachment 1 of this AFMAN. (T-0). Supervisors must report and document all
injuries, even minor ones, as directed in AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention
Program and AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Reports. (T-1).
15.2. Planning and Worker Awareness. Supervisors must plan the work properly and ensure
it is performed safely. (T-0). Supervisors must review job requirements with the workers and
ensure they understand why and how to do the work, the hazards they may encounter and how to
control them, and the proper procedures for working safely. (T-0). When the mission allows,
coordinate de-energizing of circuits for safest possible working conditions. Supervisors are
required to provide written procedures when working on energized circuits to ensure safe
practices. (T-0).
15.3. Training Assistance. Supervisors will provide general and specific safety instructions
and training to workers, ensure each employee has access to this AFMAN and UFC 3-560-01,
and ensure they demonstrate satisfactory knowledge before performing any task. (T-0).
Supervisors must document all training on AF Form 55, Employee Safety and Health Record or
an alternative as permitted in AFMAN 91-202. (T-1).
15.3.1. Supervisors will, after initial job safety training, train employees annually on
hazardous energy control, safe clearance, confined spaces entry, manhole, pole top and
bucket truck rescue, shop operating instructions and review any Air Force mishap Cross-tell
reports. (T-0).
15.3.2. Supervisors must instruct employees on identifying abnormal or hazardous existing
conditions (e.g., switches left in an abnormal condition or bypassed, broken equipment
temporarily fixed, changes to the one-line distribution map or schematic diagram, hazardous
energy control tags or safe clearance tags left on unfinished jobs, etc). (T-1).
15.4. Safety Meetings. Supervisors will conduct weekly safety meetings. (T-1). As a
minimum, safety meetings should cover the following topics annually:
15.4.1. Hazardous Energy Control (lockout/tagout).
15.4.2. Selected safety rules (two or three).
15.4.3. Methods and hazards of jobs in progress.
15.4.4. Unsafe practices and common causes of mishaps.
15.4.5. Recent accidents.
15.4.6. Potential personal injuries.
15.4.7. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
15.4.8. Electrical tools.
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 35

15.4.9. Materials handling.

15.4.10. Good housekeeping.
15.4.11. Adequate illumination.
15.4.12. Working on or near machinery.
15.4.13. Ladders.
15.4.14. Working in elevated positions.
15.4.15. Lifting and hoisting equipment, including aerial lifts.
15.4.16. Grounding systems.
15.4.17. Working in underground facilities (confined spaces).
15.4.18. Overhead lines.
15.4.19. First aid.
15.4.20. Rescue and resuscitation.
15.4.21. Arc Flash Hazards.
15.4.22. Hazards associated with working on or near energized lines or equipment.
15.4.23. Abnormal or hazardous existing conditions.
15.4.24. Equipment ratings (i.e. amp rating, interrupt rating, short circuit current rating
(SCCR) and available interrupting current ratings (AIC)).
15.4.25. Energized work and the AF Form 1213, Civil Engineer Energized Electrical Work
Permit.
15.5. Specific Job-Related Safety Training.
15.5.1. Supervisors must instruct employees who handle hazardous materials to include
personal hygiene and protective measures in their safe handling of potential hazards. (T-0).
Supervisors must ensure Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
are available for all hazardous chemicals according to AFI 90-821, Hazard Communication
(HAZCOM) Program. (T-0).
15.5.2. Supervisors must provide Hazard Communication training to employees who work
on job sites where harmful plants or animals are present. (T-0). Training must identify the
potential hazards; explain how to avoid injury, include relevant first aid if an injury occurs.
(T-0).
15.5.3. Supervisors must instruct employees who enter confined or enclosed spaces on
hazards and necessary precautions. (T-0). Specific instructions and procedures to enter and
work in hazardous or potentially hazardous confined spaces are consistent with the
requirements in AFMAN 91-203, Air Force Occupational Safety, Fire, and Health
Standards, and 29 CFR 1910.146, Permit-required confined space. Employees engaged in
construction activities having one or more confined spaces must also comply with the
requirements in 29 CFR 1926, Safety and Health Regulations for Construction. Technical
orders or other procedures that incorporate the requirements established in the standard are
36 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

valid and may be used. This training should also include egress even if the space is not
confined.
15.5.4. Supervisors must ensure that employees are able to describe the work assignment
and methods immediately before doing the work.
15.5.5. Arc Flash Safety Awareness Computer Based Training is required annually for
3E0X1, 3E0X2, 3E1X1, 3E4X1 Air Force Specialty Codes from the AFCEC Virtual
Learning Center. (T-3). This can be taken as a group and annotated in training records
through your unit training manager.
15.6. Assigning Tasks. Supervisor’s assign employees to jobs they are capable of doing safely.
Permit only qualified personnel to operate equipment and machinery. Supervisors must ensure a
minimum of two qualified employees work together when high-voltage circuits or energized
circuits are present. (T-0).
15.7. Job Site Inspection. Active job sites and materials must be inspected at a minimum once
a day. Inspections throughout the day may be appropriate and necessary as determined be
Supervisor and ensure unsafe items are tagged, rendered inoperative, or removed from the work
site. Ensure safe working conditions and practices. Take action to correct any observed or
reported violation of safety rules in this AFMAN. Pay particular attention to safe clearance
procedures and practices when working on energized lines and equipment. Present safety
briefings to workers at the job site.
15.8. Mishap Reports. Investigate every mishap involving an injury, property damage, or
“near misses.” Determine the cause and implement corrective action to prevent recurrence.
Notify the wing or installation safety staff of all mishaps involving injuries or property damage.
Investigate and report certain mishaps through safety channels according to AFI 91-204. Either
the supervisor or base safety personnel will perform the initial investigation; however, the
supervisor will still complete AF Form 978, Supervisor Mishap Report, as required. (T-1).
15.9. Standards and Codes. Supervisors must train employees to comply with safety standards
and the following codes: National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) 70®, National Electrical
Code (NEC)®; NFPA 70E®; National Electrical Safety Code (NESC or American National
Standards Institute (ANSI)®; state, local, and host nation codes (see Attachment 1). (T-0).
15.10. Protective Equipment. Supervisors must properly equip and train workers to properly
use and maintain tools and PPE. (T-0). Supervisors must ensure PPE is properly worn in
accordance with additional guidance provided (see Attachment 8). Pay particular attention to
rubber insulating protective equipment (rubber gloves, sleeves, line hoses, hoods, and covers)
and hotline tools. Supervisors must make sure equipment receives periodic documented
electrical tests in accordance with applicable ANSI and American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) specifications (see Attachment 1). (T-0).
15.11. Scheduling Routine Maintenance. When routine maintenance requires disrupting
power, schedule the outage for the least inconvenience to all users possible without jeopardizing
the safety of workers or equipment. Arrange electrical circuits and equipment of the prime
power source to allow safe and efficient performance of routine maintenance tasks with
minimum mission impact as a result of the outage.
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 37

15.12. First Aid Training. Supervisors must ensure all electrical personnel (military and
civilian) receive training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), controlling bleeding, shock
management, emergency care of a person having open wounds or burns, and using automated
external defibrillators. (T-0).
15.12.1. Host base medical personnel usually train unit CPR instructors. If the host base
cannot provide medical personnel, they can arrange for certification of unit personnel
through the American Red Cross or American Heart Association.
15.12.2. Personnel’s certification shall be current according to American Red Cross or
American Heart Association guidelines. (T-0). Supervisors must maintain written
documentation of current certification. (T-1).
15.12.3. Supervisors must ensure relevant emergency phone numbers are readily available to
all personnel. (T-1).
15.13. Rescue Training. Supervisors must train individuals designated for rescuing workers
from confined spaces according to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and
Air Force occupational safety and health requirements to include blood borne pathogen training;
this includes initial and annual refresher training. (T-0).
15.14. Noise Hazards. Ensure all potentially hazardous noise sources are identified to
bioenvironmental engineering services for evaluation. Ensure all personnel that may be exposed
to noise hazards are made aware of them and use the controls required by AFI 48-127,
Occupational Noise and Hearing Conservation Program. Supervisors will post noise hazard
warning signs at noise hazard area entry points, to warn workers. (T-0). Refer to AFMAN 91-
203 and 29 CFR 1910.146 for additional information.
15.15. System Maintenance. Supervisors must ensure electrical systems are maintained so they
continue to operate in a safe and effective manner in accordance with UFC 3-550-01, and UFC
3-520-01. (T-0). Supervisors must not authorize or permit alterations or modifications to
equipment or protective device settings without adequate engineering guidance and study. (T-1).
Supervisors must remove all obstacles and vegetation that restrict unimpeded egress from the
work area or ready access to equipment. (T-2).
15.16. Technical Data. Supervisors will ensure current maintenance and operations procedures,
diagrams, schematics, device settings, fuse sizes, and manuals are available and properly used.
(T-0). Supervisors will develop them if manufacturers' data are not available; obtain engineering
guidance if necessary. (T-2). Accurate, current (typically five (5) years or less) electrical short
circuit and coordination studies on the primary distribution system that includes facility
transformers are necessary in order to further calculate and determine arc flash potentials,
equipment ratings, and settings on downstream equipment within the facility.
15.17. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems. Comply with Air
Force Guidance Memorandum (AFGM) 2019-32-02, Civil Engineer Control Systems Cyber
Security. All operators of SCADA systems that remotely control electrical distribution systems
must have full knowledge of the base distribution system and thorough understanding of
switching procedures. (T-1). Operators must keep each display screen (schematic or map)
within the SCADA system up-to-date and all switching points on the remote terminal unit
accurately identified. (T-1). Supervisors will develop local written and posted procedures for
38 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

remote operation of circuit breakers and switches to ensure safety of personnel and equipment.
(T-0).
15.18. Safe Clearance. Make sure all workers are thoroughly familiar with and comply with
the most stringent safe clearance procedures found in NFPA 70E, AFMAN 91-203, or those
posted at the job location before starting work. See Chapter 17. Supervisors must not permit
work unless workers follow these procedures. (T-0).
15.19. Work on Energized Equipment. Work on energized electrical equipment is prohibited
except in circumstances justified and approved by the BCE, or equivalent, in accordance with
Chapter 18. (T-1).
15.20. Routine Maintenance Outages. Before de-energizing circuits or equipment for routine
maintenance or repair, the BCE must:
15.20.1. Provide a minimum three-day notice to all users who may be affected by the
electrical utility outage. (T-1). Facility manager approval is not required, but as a courtesy,
an effort should be made to coordinate the outage.
15.20.2. Coordinate substation, switch station, or major feeder outages with the utility
provider, giving as much advance notification as possible. (T-1).
15.20.3. Assist users with authorized backup power, either through equipment authorization
inventory data or real property installed equipment generators. (T-1).
15.20.4. Prepare to run a backup generator during the outage if necessary. (T-1).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 39

Chapter 16

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB)

16.1. Purpose and Limitations. PCB is a class of nonflammable liquid insulation formerly
used as a transformer liquid dielectric. PCB is a suspected carcinogen and no longer
manufactured. Several manufacturers distributed PCB under various trade names, such as
Askarel, Inerteen, Pyranol, and Chlorextol.
16.2. Personal Contact Precautions. Workers should avoid contact with PCB. If PCB
contacts the skin, remove it with waterless hand cleaner, wipe with towels, and dispose of towels
with other contaminated material. If PCB contacts the eyes, thoroughly flush with water and
seek medical attention.
16.3. Cleaning Spills. PCB spills shall be cleaned up immediately in accordance with 40 CFR
761.125, Requirements for PCB spill cleanup. (T-0). Prevent PCB from reaching storm drains,
sewers, drainage ditches, or any other place where water is flowing. Handle a PCB spill and
report it according to base and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements. Report a
spill through the base environmental coordinator.
16.4. Controlling Equipment Containing PCB. Mark, handle, store, dispose of, and account
for equipment containing PCB according to the latest EPA standards and in accordance with 40
CFR 761 Subpart B and D. (T-0). See AFI 32-7001, Environmental Management, for on base
PCB waste management and recordkeeping requirements and contact the base CE environmental
coordinator for additional information and the latest EPA rulings.
40 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Chapter 17

SAFE CLEARANCE REQUIREMENT

17.1. Safe Clearance Requirement. Supervisors must require safe clearance procedures for
personnel opening and closing switches while working on transmission or distribution lines and
equipment. (T-0). Safe clearance procedures are necessary to clear lines and equipment for work
in the de-energized condition. Safe clearance includes locking out switches, breakers, or other
controlling devices when necessary. Mishap prevention tags, completing and posting energized
work permits, and grounding provide additional warning and safety if lockout is not possible
because of equipment design; however, if a circuit cannot be locked out, a qualified worker, as
defined by NFPA 70 must remain at the controlling device while work is being conducted. (T-0).
Supervisors must ensure no individual works on lines or equipment until all safety requirements
are satisfied. (T-0).
17.1.1. Safe Clearance Responsibilities.
17.1.1.1. The Safe Clearance Manager, who is designated by the BCE, will issue a
written safe clearance as required and document on AF Form 269, Electrical Facilities
Safe Clearance. (T-0). The Safe Clearance Manager will arrange for interruption of
service, must have knowledge of the base distribution system, and notify the utility
company supplying power to the installation before performing any operation that may
affect the utility company's system. (T-1). An on-site supervisor may also perform the
duty of Safe Clearance Manager or Switching Supervisor (person receiving safe
clearance), but never both. The Safe Clearance Manager Switching Supervisor must
never be one and the same (person receiving safe clearance, see paragraph 17.2 (T-1).
17.1.1.2. The Safe Clearance Manager will develop written and posted local procedures
for proper switching, blocking, tagging, and lockout when switching by remote control,
such as the SCADA system. (T-0). Depending on the type of SCADA system, each
software manufacturer has different protocols to identify and issue tag orders for
equipment or switchgear being worked on. The Safe Clearance Manager will ensure
written procedures are available to an electrician and the SCADA operator in the event of
a switching failure by SCADA requiring the technician to manually clear the switching
failure. (T-0). Each worker and system operator must fully understand local procedures;
local procedures must be accessible or available in the work area. Physically verify all
SCADA-issued commands for opening and physically apply lockout before beginning
work. (T-0). When working on equipment with local control capability, the technician
must take control from the SCADA operator and notify the operator when the equipment
is returned to normal operation. (T-0). The operator must issue blocking orders and
attach messages stating the reason for the condition and estimated restoration time. (T-0).
17.2. Switching and Blocking Procedures. The Switching Supervisor (person receiving AF
Form 269 from the Safe Clearance Manager) ensures workers accomplish switching, blocking,
and tagging operations in the sequence specified on AF Form 269. Operations may begin only
when authorized by the Safe Clearance Manager. When work is completed the system will be
restored to normal operation in reverse order. For instance, if a detail of switching, blocking, and
tagging reads, "Open Switch No. 501 and Attach Danger Tag," the opposite operation is
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 41

"Remove Danger Tag and Close Switch No. 501." Annotate AF Form 269 with the date and
time. Do not operate switches bearing AF Form 979, Danger Tag, or AF Form 982, Danger
Tag: Do Not Start, under any circumstances without specific authorization from the operations
flight chief. Notify the SCADA systems operator before operating remotely operated or
monitored circuit-opening devices. The "local-remote" switch must be blocked in the position
which disables remote operation. The Switching Supervisor will notify the SCADA systems
operator when work is complete and remote operation is safe. (T-1). These switching and
blocking procedures are only used only when following an approved AF Form 269 for primary
distribution.
17.3. Tagging Procedures. “Tagging” is placing an appropriate tag directly on the circuit
opening device. Apply tags and lock out the energy control device to ensure safety and prevent
unauthorized personnel from altering device positions. A qualified technician will place danger
tags in a conspicuous place upon opening a switch, disconnects, cutouts, primary jumpers, or
breakers, before beginning work on a line or equipment. (T-0).
17.4. Underground Distribution Systems. A qualified technician will block the switch
mechanically and lock and tag the handle on underground distribution systems when it is not
practical to provide a visible line break. (T-1). A qualified technician will always use AF Form
979; AF Form 980, Caution Tag; AF Form 982, and AF Form 269, except when working on
secondary lines or equipment. (T-1). A qualified technician will not use AF Form 269 when
applying AF Forms 979, 980, and 982 on secondary lines or equipment. (T-1).
17.5. Grounding Lines and Equipment. Before touching for work, always check all de-
energized transmission and distribution lines and equipment by testing for voltage. Confirm lines
are grounded. Treat all lines which are not grounded as energized. For definitions of
transmission and distribution-voltages, see Attachment 1.
42 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Chapter 18

ENERGIZED CIRCUITS

18.1. Energized Circuits. When energized work is deemed absolutely necessary, and approved
by the BCE or equivalent, supervisors must ensure it is accomplished with extreme caution and
only when the basic energized work procedures listed in the following paragraphs are followed
and reviewed with all personnel immediately before starting. (T-1). Furthermore, if any
potential environmental, safety and health, operational, fiscal, or mission risks are associated
with working on energized circuits, the BCE must notify and consult with the base/wing Staff
Judge Advocate. (T-1). Such risks may also create potential legal liabilities for the Air Force
and Air Force personnel.
18.2. Electrical Hand Holes. Work on or near energized electrical lines in hand hole
enclosures sized to allow personnel to reach into, but not enter, for the purpose of installing,
operating, or maintaining equipment or wiring or both is prohibited because the available
working space is too small for safe work practices. Supervisors must ensure all hand hole
electrical circuits are completely de-energized before starting any troubleshooting, maintenance,
or repair action within the hand hole. (T-1).
18.3. Low Voltage Electrical Panels. Conventional circuit de-energizing/re-energizing
methods (i.e., turning off/on a switch, opening and closing switches, or operating circuit
breakers/disconnects) for the purpose of controlling an entire circuit is not considered performing
energized work; however; supervisors must ensure the PPE requirements of UFC 3-560-01 are
met. (T-0). On a case-by-case basis, the BCE can grant written approval to waive the usage of
the 8 Cal/cm2 coverall requirement if a qualified electrical engineer has verified that the panel
meets the parameters of Table A8.1 to include all notes, and panel maintenance per NFPA 70E,
Article 225, has been performed and documented.
18.4. Electrical Manholes Containing Low-Voltage Circuits. Electrical manholes containing
low voltage are considered Permit Required. Work on or near energized electrical equipment in
manholes containing low-voltage circuits is prohibited because of high arc flash currents for
secondary circuits downstream of distribution transformers. Supervisors must ensure manholes
that contain distribution-voltage but also share space for low-voltage electrical circuits are also
completely de-energized before starting any troubleshooting, maintenance, or repair actions. (T-
1).
18.5. Electrical Work Not In Manholes or Hand holes. Work on or near energized electrical
equipment is prohibited except in rare circumstances and then only when approved by the BCE
or equivalent in accordance with the procedures outlined in the following paragraphs.
Authorization is not required for tasks such as voltage measurement on circuits operating less
than 600V as long as maintenance or repair is not performed, and safe practices and appropriate
PPE are used. Safe practices and appropriate PPE are determined by the qualified site supervisor
who must follow applicable UFC and NFPA 70E, Article 130 guidance. (T-0).
18.5.1. The BCE must approve energized work in advance. (T-0). Prepare an AF Form1213
in accordance with UFC 3-560-01 and also include an emergency egress plan in the event of
an emergency. The AF Form 1213 helps to ensure a qualified site supervisor has the
information to ensure all work performed on or near energized lines greater than 600V is
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 43

based upon a risk management (RM) analysis in accordance with AFI 90-802, Risk
Management and has been coordinated through the operations flight chief. A qualified site
supervisor must deliver the final signed AF Form 1213 to the foreman or acting foreman or
NCOIC of the electric shop to retain for a period of one year following completion of work.
(T-0).
18.5.2. Per UFC 3-560-01, energized work performed must be under the direct supervision
of a qualified work leader devoting full time and attention to the workers and the safety of
their work. (T-0). A qualified site supervisor must ensure two-person teams are used to
perform the work. (T-0). The safety observer must be trained in CPR. (T-0).
18.5.3. A qualified supervisor must be consulted and approve any plan to work on energized
equipment and ensure proper use of PPE. (T-0).
18.5.4. Place special emphasis on PPE and appropriate supervision. Proper supervision,
training, and planning are paramount to ensure safety.
18.5.5. For work on or near energized distribution voltage greater than 600V while the job is
in progress, an on-site supervisor must closely supervise the workers, checking them
constantly to make sure they are in safe working positions, handling tools safely, and
complying with the energized work permit. (T-0).
18.6. Electrical Work in Manholes Containing Distribution Voltage. Electrical manholes
containing distribution-voltage are considered Permit Required confined spaces. Work on or
near energized electrical equipment in manholes is extremely dangerous and prohibited except
when justified and approved; before entering a manhole containing distribution-voltage
energized circuits, first visually confirm the manhole’s installed configuration allows entry
without disturbing any installed conductors or equipment. If it is not possible to enter the
manhole without disturbing conductors, or if it is not possible to move around inside the manhole
without disturbing conductors (adequate working space), then all circuits inside the manhole are
de-energized before entry. The foreman or acting foreman or NCOIC of the electric shop must
make the assessment regarding safe entry. (T-1).
18.6.1. Inspection-Only Access in Manholes Containing Energized Circuits with No Known
Problems. Inspection-type work can be authorized and is limited to allow a qualified
employee to enter a manhole where energized cables or equipment are in service for the
purpose of inspection, housekeeping, taking readings, or similar work, if such work can be
performed safely. Safely entering a manhole for this purpose requires wear of minimum Arc
Flash PPE Category 2 (NFPA 70E) and compliance with other confined space requirements
in AFMAN 91-203. Inspection-only access, must be approved by the foreman or acting
foreman or NCOIC of the electric shop. (T-1). Up to one-half (0.5) inch of standing water is
permitted for inspection activities so long as no conductors are present in the standing water.
Qualified technicians must ensure measurements are taken with a non-conductive instrument
from outside the manhole or hand hole. (T-0). The energized work permit for “inspection-
only access” can be discarded after the activity is complete.
18.6.1.1. Entering a manhole safely for the purpose of examining insulated cable,
equipment, or accomplishing other inspections not requiring touching or disturbing the
energized conductors or equipment is permitted, but requires wear of minimum Arc Flash
44 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

PPE Category 2 (NFPA 70E) and compliance with other confined space requirements
AFMAN 91-203.
18.6.1.2. A minimum of three qualified people are necessary for this activity.
Qualification requirements are specified in UFC 3-560-01.
18.6.1.3. Supervisors will prepare an energized work permit in advance in accordance
with UFC 3-560-01, and also include an emergency egress plan in the event of an
emergency. (T-0).
18.6.2. Work Inside Manholes Containing Energized Circuits. Electrical manholes
containing energized circuits are considered Permit Required. Work other than inspection-
only can be authorized in manholes that have a minimum of four (4) feet of working
clearance in accordance with the following paragraphs, but is limited to: removing conduit
plugs; spare conduit inspection using fish tape; borescope or other devices; splicing de-
energized conductors; pulling new conductors in spare conduits; removing abandoned (de-
energized) circuits, including load break or dead break elbows -- if nearby energized circuits
are not disturbed. Re-racking energized conductors is not permitted. The circuits are de-
energized before the conductors can be disturbed. Accomplishing this work when standing
water is in the manhole is not permitted.
18.6.2.1. The BCE must approve energized work in advance. (T-0). Prepare an
energized work permit in accordance with UFC 3-560-01 and also include an emergency
egress plan in the event of an emergency. The operations flight chief must ensure work
performed inside a manhole containing energized circuits is accomplished based upon a
risk management (RM) analysis in accordance with AFI 90-802 and coordinated through
the operations flight chief. (T-1). The RM analysis must be kept with the energized work
permit and retained by the chief of the electrical shop for a period of one year following
completion of work. (T-1).
18.6.2.2. A minimum of three qualified persons is necessary for this activity.
Qualification requirements are specified in UFC 3-560-01.
18.6.2.3. Supervisors will prepare an energized work permit in advance in accordance
with UFC 3-560-01, and also include an emergency egress plan in the event of an
emergency. (T-0).
18.6.3. All Other Work Inside Manholes Containing Energized Circuits. Accomplishing this
work where there is standing water in the manhole is not permitted. All other work in
manholes containing energized circuits is considered Permit Required.
18.6.3.1. The BCE must approve energized work in advance. (T-0). Prepare an
energized work permit in accordance with UFC 3-560-01 and also include an emergency
egress plan in the event of an emergency. (T-0). The operations flight chief must ensure
all other work performed inside a manhole containing energized circuits is accomplished
based upon a RM analysis in accordance with AFI 90-802 and coordinated through the
operations flight chief. (T-1). The RM analysis must be kept with the energized work
permit and retained by the chief of the electrical shop for a period of one year following
completion of work. (T-1).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 45

18.6.3.2. Provide an information copy of signed energized work permit and RM analysis
to the AFCEC/COSM.
18.6.3.3. Electrical analysis software packages that perform arc flash calculations do not
account for an electrical manhole configuration in which the electrical worker is inside an
enclosed area rather than standing adjacent to an enclosure. Increase the arc flash PPE
requirements by a minimum of one (1) arc flash PPE category above the arc flash
calculation result per UFC 3-560-01.
18.6.3.4. A minimum of three qualified people are necessary for this activity.
Qualification requirements are specified in UFC 3-560-01.
18.7. Electrical Manholes Containing Transmission-Voltage Circuits. Work on or near
energized electrical equipment in manholes containing transmission-voltage circuits is
prohibited. Electrical work in manholes containing transmission voltage circuits using the
procedures in the next sentence is considered a Permit Required confined space. A qualified
technician must ensure all manhole electrical circuits are completely de-energized before starting
any troubleshooting, maintenance, or repair action within the manhole. (T-1).

WARREN D. BERRY, Lt Gen, USAF

DCS/Logistics, Engineering & Force Protection
46 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Attachment 1
GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION

References
7 CFR 1724.50, Compliance with National Electrical Safety Code, 1 January 2011
14 CFR 420.71, Lightning Protection, 1 January 2016
29 CFR 1910, Electrical Standards – Final Rule
19 CFR 1910.146, Occupational Safety and Health Standards
29 CFR 56.12069, Lightning Protection for Telephone Wires and Ungrounded Conductors, 29
January 1985
29 CFR 1910.146, Permit-Required Confined Spaces
29 CFR 1926, Safety and Health Regulations for Construction
40 CFR 761.125, Requirements for PCB Spill Cleanup
DoD 6055.09M, Vol. 2, DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety, April 2012
Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board Technical Paper 22 (DDESB TP-22), Lightning
Protection for Explosives Facilities
AFPD 32-10, Installations and Facilities, 4 March 2010
AFI 32-1062, Electrical Systems, Power Plants and Generators, 15 January 2015
AFI 32-7001, Environmental Management, 23 August 2019
AFI 48-127, Occupational Noise and Hearing Conservation Program, 26 Feb 2016
AFI 90-802, Risk Management, 1 April 2019
AFI 90-821, Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Program, 13 May 2019
AFI 91-202, US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program, 24 Jun 2017
AFI 91-204, Safety Investigation and Report, 27 Apr 2018
AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety Standards, 21 March 2017
AFMAN 91-203, Air Force Occupational Safety, Fire, and Health Standards, 11 December
2018
AFGM 2019-32-02, Civil Engineer Control Systems Cyber Security, 5 Sep 2019
DNA-A-86-60, V1-3, DNA EMP Engineering Handbook for Ground-Based Facilities, 1986
FC 4-218-01F, Criteria For Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratory Design And
Construction, 28 October 2015
Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Pub 94, Guidelines on Electrical Power for
ADP Installations, 1983
IEEE STD 1100, IEEE Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic
Equipment (Emerald Book), 2005
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 47

IEEE STD 1100-1999

IEEE STD 142, IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding for Industrial and Commercial
Power Systems (Green Book), 2007
IEEE STD 446, IEEE Recommended Practice for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for
Industrial and Commercial Applications (Orange Book), 1995
IEEE STD 81, IEEE Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth
Surface Potentials of a Ground System, 2012
MIL-HDBK-419A, Grounding, Bonding, and Shielding for Electronic Equipment and Facilities,
29 December 1987
NEC 250, Grounding and Bonding
NEC 250.52, Grounding Electrodes
NEC 250.3, Application of Other Articles
NEC Article 250.4(A)(1), General Requirements for Grounding and Bonding, Grounded System,
Electrical System Grounding
NETA MTS, Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment
and Systems, 2015, www.netaworld.org/standards/ansi-neta-mts
NFPA 70, The National Electrical Code (NEC), 2017
NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
NFPA 77, Static Electricity, 2019
NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems, 2020
NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, 2018
UFC 3-460-03, O&M: Maintenance of Petroleum Systems, 10 November 2017
UFC 3-501-01, Electrical Engineering, 6 October 2015
UFC 3-520-01, Interior Electrical Systems, 6 October 2015
UFC 3-550-01, Exterior Electrical Power Distribution, 1 September 2016
UFC 3-560-01, Operation and Maintenance: Electrical Safety, 24 July 2017
UFC 3-575-01, Lightning and Static Electricity Protection Systems, 1 July 2012
UFC 3-580-01, Telecommunications Interior Infrastructure Planning and Design, 1 June 2016

Prescribed Forms
AF Form 269, Electrical Facilities Safe Clearance
AF Form 1213, Civil Engineer Energized Electrical Work Permit

Adopted Forms
AF Form 55, Employee Safety and Health Record
AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication
48 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

AF Form 978, Supervisor Mishap Report

AF Form 979, Danger Tag
AF Form 980, Caution Tag
AF Form 982, Danger Tag: Do Not Start
AF Form 983, Danger Tag: Equipment Lockout Tag

Abbreviations and Acronyms

A—Ampere
ac—Alternating Current
AF/A4C—Air Force Director of Civil Engineers
AFCEC/CO—Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Operations Directorate
AFCEC/COSM—Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Mechanical Engineering
AFI—Air Force Instruction
AFMAN—Air Force Manual
AFPD—Air Force Policy Directive
AFSEC—Air Force Safety Center
AHJ—Authority Having Jurisdiction
AWG—American wire gauge
BBF—basic bonding formula
BCE—Base Civil Engineer
BOS—Base Operations Support
CATV—Cable Television
cc—Carbon Copy
CE—Civil Engineering
DAC—Defense Ammunition Center
dc—Direct Current
DDESB TP—Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board Technical Paper
ECM—Earth-Covered Magazine
ETL—Engineering Technical Letter
FC—Facilities Criteria
FIPS—Federal Information Processing Standard
ft—Foot
HAS—hardened aircraft shelter
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 49

HVAC—Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning

IAW—In Accordance With
IEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
kA—Kiloampere
kV—Kilovolt
LOX—liquid oxygen
LPS—Lightning Protection System
MIL HDBK—Military Handbook
m—Meter
mm—Millimeter
NEC—National Electrical Code
NFPA—National Fire Protection Association
NETA MTS—InterNational Electrical Testing Association Maintenance Testing Specifications
ohms—cm—Ohms Centimeter
PAS—Protective Aircraft Shelter (also known as Hardened Aircraft Shelter (HAS))
POL—petroleum, oils, lubricants
SABER—Simplified Acquisition of Base Engineer Requirements
SCIF—Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility
SDS—separately derived system
SOFA—Status of Forces Agreement
SPD—Surge Protective Device
UAS/RPA—Unmanned Aerial System/Remotely Piloted Vehicle
UFC—Unified Facilities Criteria
UL—Underwriters Laboratories
Vac—Volts Alternating Current
V—Volt
WS3—Weapon Storage and Security System

Terms
Air Terminal—Alternate name for the device itself may be “lightning rod.” The component of a
lightning protection system intended to intercept lightning flashes, placed on or above a building,
structure, or tower. Note: A building’s grounded structural elements may function as an air
terminal. A main size conductor run across the top of a pole or mast may also function as an air
terminal if installed in such a way that the conductor across the top of the pole or mast is higher
than the cradle in which it is run.
50 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Arc Flash Hazards—Dangerous conditions deriving from the release of energy due to a phase-
to-phase or a phase-to-ground fault.
Blocking—Placing a switch in the open or closed position and mechanically ensuring the
position of the switch cannot be accidentally changed.
Bonding—An electrical connection between two electrically conductive objects, made with the
intent of significantly reducing potential differences.
Cable—A conductor with insulation or a stranded conductor with or without insulation and other
coverings (single conductor cable or a combination of conductors) insulated from one another
(multiple conductor cable). Note: A cable sheath may consist of multiple layers of which one or
more are conductive.
Catenary System—A lightning protection system consisting of one or more poles or masts with
overhead wires between them. Each overhead wire may serve the function of both a strike
termination device and a main conductor. Also known as overhead wire system.
Circuit—For purposes of this AFMAN, a conductor or system of conductors through which an
electric current is intended to flow.
Circuit Breaker—A device to open and close a circuit and to open the circuit automatically at a
predetermined overload of current, without injury to itself, when properly applied within its
rating.
Conductor—Material (typically a wire, cable, or bus bar) for carrying an electric current. Note:
This term is used only in reference to current-carrying parts that are sometimes energized.
Conductor, Bonding—A conductor used to bring the potential between two metallic objects to
essentially zero.
Conductor, Main—A conductor intended to carry lightning currents from the point of
interception to ground.
Confined Space—A space large enough and configured so a worker can bodily enter and
perform assigned work; has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example: tanks,
vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, manholes and pits); and is not designed for
continuous human occupancy.
Copper-Clad Steel—Steel with a coating of copper bonded on it.
Cross-tell—Formal messaging system designed to share lessons learned and to disseminate new
ideas or techniques between common users.
Delta—wye—transformer is a type of three-phase electric power transformer design that
employs delta-connected windings on its primary and wye/star connected windings on its
secondary.
Down Conductor, Lightning—The conductor connecting roof conductors of an integral system,
overhead wires of a catenary system, or a mast system to the earth ground subsystem.
Equipment Grounding Conductor—The conductive path(s) that provides a ground-fault
current path and connects normally non-current-carrying metal parts of equipment together and
to the system grounded conductor or to the grounding electrode conductor, or both.
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 51

Facility Ground System—The electrically interconnected system of conductors and conductive

elements that provides multiple current paths to earth. The facility ground system can include the
earth electrode subsystem, lightning protection subsystem, signal reference protection subsystem,
fault protection subsystem, static ground subsystem, as well as the building structure, equipment
racks, cabinets, conduit, junction boxes, raceways, duct work, pipes, and other normally non-
current-carrying metal elements.
Frayed—When the cross-sectional area of the wire or braid is reduced by half.
Grounded (Grounding)—Connected (connecting) to ground or to a conductive body that
extends the ground connection.
Grounding Electrode—The portion of a lightning protection system, such as a ground rod,
ground plate electrode, or ground conductor, that is installed for the purpose of providing
electrical contact with the earth.
Ground Loop Conductor—A conductor, buried 3 to 8 feet (0.9 to 2.4 meters) from a structure,
encircling the structure and interconnecting grounding electrodes. The conductor may also be
connected to buried copper or steel plates or grounding electrodes which may have been installed
to establish a low-resistance contact with earth. (A ground loop conductor is also referred to as a
counterpoise, a loop conductor, or closed loop system.)
Inherent Bond (Inherently Bonded)—Where metal bodies located in a steel-framed structure
are electrically bonded to the structure through the construction, either by configuration or by
weight.
Integral System—A system which uses air terminals mounted directly on the structure to be
protected. Note: integral systems protect both the structure and its contents.
Labeled—Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other
identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to the AHJ and concerned with product
evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials,
and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or
performance in a specified manner.
Listed—Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is
acceptable to the AHJ and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains
periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of
services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or service meets appropriate
designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
Lightning Rod—See Air Terminal.
Lightning Protection System—A complete system of strike termination devices, conductors
(which could include conductive structural members), grounding electrodes, interconnecting
conductors, surge protective devices (SPD), and other connectors and fittings required to
complete the system.
Mast System—A lightning protection system using masts that are remote from the structure to
provide the primary protection from a lightning strike. A mast system may be a single mast or
multiple masts.
52 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Non-Permit Confined Space—A space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric
hazards, have the potential to contain any hazards capable of causing death or serious physical
harm
Permit—Required Confined Space—A confined space that has one or more of the following
characteristics: contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; contains a material
that has the potential for engulfing the entrant; has an internal configuration such that an entrant
could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes
downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or contains any other recognized serious safety
or health hazard.
Premises Wiring System—Interior and exterior electrical wiring of a building that extends from
(a) the load end of the service drop or service lateral conductor to (b) the outlets; includes power,
lighting, control, and signal circuit wiring in addition to all associated hardware, fittings, and
wiring devices.
Overhead Wire System—System using conductors routed over the facility, at a specified
height, designed to provide the required zone of protection. Also known as overhead shield wire
system and catenary system.
Side Flash—An electrical spark, caused by differences of potential, that occurs between
conductive metal bodies or between conductive metal bodies and a component of a lightning
protection system or ground.
Strike Termination Device—A conductive component of the lightning protection system
capable of receiving a lightning strike and providing a connection to a path to ground. Strike
termination devices include air terminals, metal masts, wooden masts with an air terminal atop,
permanent metal parts of structures, and overhead ground wires installed in catenary lightning
protection systems. A main size conductor looped over the top of a wooden mast may also
function as an air terminal.
Structure—(1) Metal-clad structure. A structure with sides or roof, or both, covered with metal.
(2) Metal-framed structure. A structure with electrically continuous structural members of
sufficient size to provide an electrical path equivalent to that of lightning conductors.
Surge Protective Device (SPD)—A device intended for limiting surge voltages on equipment
by diverting or limiting surge current that comprises at least one nonlinear component.
Tag—A system or method of identifying circuits, systems, or equipment being worked on.
Tagging—Placing a safety tag directly on a circuit opening device or equipment for additional
safety to ensure it is not used or its position altered.
TEMPEST—Unclassified name for investigation and study of compromising emanation.
Third—party Inspector – An inspector who is neither the designer nor the installer.
Vac, VAC—Volts, alternating current
Voltage—The effective root mean square (RMS) potential difference between any two
conductors or between a conductor and ground. Voltages are usually listed as nominal values.
The nominal voltage of a system or circuit is the value assigned to a system or circuit of a given
voltage class to provide a convenient nomenclature. The operating voltage of the system may
vary above or below this value:
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 53

—Low Voltage. Lines and equipment operating at and below 600 V (nominal phase-to-
phase).
—High Voltage. Lines and equipment operating above 600 V (nominal phase-to-phase).
—Secondary Voltage. Lines and equipment operating at and below 600 V (nominal phase-to-
phase).
—Distribution- Voltage. Lines and equipment operating above 600 V (nominal phase-to-
phase) up to and including 36 kV (nominal phase-to-phase).
—Transmission Voltage. Lines and equipment operating above 36 kV (nominal phase-to-
phase).
Zone of Protection—The space adjacent to a lightning protection system that is substantially
immune to direct lightning flashes.
 54 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Attachment 2
SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE FOR GROUNDING SYSTEMS.

Table A2.1. Schedule for Maintenance for Grounding Systems.

Facility or Action Frequency of Responsible Wavier

Reference Comments
System Required Action Organization Authority

1. Any and all

i nspections should
follow NETA MTS
guidance
2. It is not necessary
to perform the 5-
a. Visual year inspection of
inspection of the system in a
electrical single year;
distribution however, at the end
equipment UFC 3-501- of 5 years,
1. Exterior 01, Electrical documentation must
fencing, pole
Electrical 5 years BCE Engineering show that the entire T-2
grounds,
Distribution
pad- UFC 3-550-01 system has been
mounted inspected.
equipment 3. If utility is
grounds, and privatized, this does
neutrals. not apply; however,
safety and
operational
discrepancies and
damage should be
reported when
observed.

b. Physical Ensure ring currents

continuity of are not established
grounds for by the existence of
2 years BCE This AFMAN T-2
separately grounds for
derived multiple systems
systems and equipment.

2. Electrical a. Continuity
substation1 check across
(if base- gate opening 5 years BCE NETA MTS T-0
owned or (1 ohm or
totally/partia less)
 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 55

lly b. Ground
maintained resistance
by the base) measuremen
T-0
t of entrance
gate (5 ohms
or less)

3. Exterior
lightning Ensure reliability to
arrestors 3-5 years the Air Force
and/or surge Critical mission.
protective systems 1-3 Discrepancies
devices on Visual years BCE should be reported, T-3
primary Upon in writing, to the
distribution revisions to a owner if other than
lines (even facility Air Force, with cc
if privately to BCE
owned).

When NFPA 70
a. Facility electrical or (NEC), Art. Tag or mark in a
service communicati 250 conspicuous place
entrance - ons work is BCE to indicate visual T-3
NFPA 70
visual performed at inspection date and
(NEC), B
inspection facility initials of inspector
service UFC 3-575-01

Upon new
installation,
b. Verify installation or
bonding of upgrade of
Ensure the integrity
other other systems NFPA 70
BCE of the single point T-0
4. General systems to requiring (NEC)
facility ground
facility grounding,
grounds and prior to
contract
acceptance

c. Visual
Note mechanical
inspection of 1-2 years, as
lightning determined This AFMAN damage, lightning
damage, or
protection by the base NFPA 780
BCE discrepancies T-3
system and AHJ, based UFC 3-575-01 caused by repair,
Surge on facility UFC 3-520-01 renovation, or
protective type.
addition
devices
 56 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

d. Facility
ground
resistance
check (per
NEC Article
5 years BCE This AFMAN T-3
250, 25
ohms or less
at service
grounding
electrode)

a. Resistance
Upon
measuremen UFC 3-460-
installation
t on static 03, O&M:
and when
grounds BCE Maintenance T-1
observed to
(10,000 of Petroleum
be physically
ohms or Systems
damaged
less)

b. Visual Quarterly and

inspection when User
and damaged
mechanical
check of UFC 3-460-03
5. POL
ground
facilities Annually BCE T-1
conductor
connections
(pull test)

Annually for
other than
c. Inspection thermal weld.
of If thermal
connection weld, inspect BCE UFC 3-460-03 T-1
to grounding upon
electrode installation
and when
damaged.
 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 57

When
electrical
work is
performed at
d. Facility facility, NFPA 70 Tag or mark in a
service including (NEC), Art. conspicuous place
entrance - destructive BCE 250 to indicate visual T-0
visual inspection NFPA 70 inspection date and
inspection and any kind (NEC), B initials of inspector
of electrical
testing, by
other than
BCE

a. Visual
inspection
and BCE requirements
AFMAN 91-
continuity Monthly User are covered in Item T-2
203
validation of 4, general facilities.
6. Fuels lab equipment
grounds

b. Visual
BCE requirements
inspection of AFMAN 91-
Monthly User are covered in Item T-2
facility 203
4, general facilities.
grounds

7. Aircraft Resistance
parking measuremen
apron t on static When
grounds and grounds installed or BCE UFC 3-575-01 T-1
hangar floor (10,000 repaired
static ohms or
grounds less)

Resistance
measuremen When
t on static installed,
8. LOX
ground physically BCE This AFMAN T-2
storage
(10,000 damaged, or
ohms or repaired
less)
 58 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Annually (If
the rail car
enters an
9. Rail car Visual
explosive
off-loading inspection of BCE This AFMAN T-2
facility, test
spur rail bonding
for continuity
every 2
years)

Ground
resistance Communications
measuremen facilities require
t at service tiered surge
entrance suppression –
(Per NEC protection at the
Article 250, main distribution
10 ohms or panel and any sub-
less at the panel serving
Quarterly for
service sensitive
first year
10. grounding communication s
after NFPA 70
Communicat electrode is equipment, Heating,
installation; (NEC)
ions (& design BCE ventilation, and air T-0
then every 21
TEMPEST) objective. If This AFMAN conditioning, and at
months (see
Facilities 10 ohms communication s
Note for this
cannot be equipment.
item)
obtained
after Note: User has
compliant requested 21
installation months in order to
of a ground comply with their
loop, references. User is
resistance is responsible for
recorded as trend analysis.
is.)
 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 59

To prevent the
effects of
transients/surges on
Military- the electrical
Handbook distribution,
419A, communications
Checks
Determined Grounding, equipment contracts
11. involving in-
by user from Bonding, and should include
Communicat house
T.O. and User Shielding for SPDs on the load T-3
ions electronic
equipment Electronic sides of sub-panels.
Equipment equipment
manufacturer Equipment If surge protective
ground
devices are required
and Facilities
by the equipment
manufacturer, this is
to be purchased and
installed as part of
the project.

a. Visual Before using

equipment AFMAN 91- T-3
inspection of User
static bus and every 6 201
bars, months This AFMAN
grounding NFPA 780,
conductors, Explosives area
Ch. 8 governed by
and bonds Annually for
DDESB
nuclear BCE T-0
12. facilities
Hazardous2
explosives b.
area Resistance
(weapons) to ground When
for
physically
equipment AFMAN 91-
damaged or User T-3
bonding 201
when frayed
straps
from use
(10,000
ohms or
less)

c. Continuity When AFMAN 91-

across physically User 201 T-3
bonds, damaged NFPA 780,
 60 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

between bus Ch. 8

bars, Explosives area
conductors, After system governed by
and bonding modification BCE DDESB
T-0
straps (less
than 1 ohm)

d. Facility
ground
resistance T-0 Per
check (per When repair NFPA 70 NEC
(NEC) Explosives area
NEC Article or renovation
BCE governed by
250, 25 is made to the T-1 for
DDESB
ohms or less facility This AFMAN repair or
at service renovation
grounding
electrode)

e. Upon AFMAN 91-

Conductive installation 201 Explosives area
floor and when BCE governed by T-1
grounding damage is NFPA 780, DDESB
check reported Ch. 8

6 months and Visual inspection

after a may consist only of
User T-3
lightning checking for an
strike indicator lamp,
f. Visual AFMAN 91- denoting SPD
inspection of 201 operation
SPDs This AFMAN
Annually BCE T-0
Explosives area
governed by
DDESB

g. See
nonhazardou
This block is This block is This block is
s explosives
intentionally intentionally intentionally
requirements
blank blank blank
13e, 13f,
13g, and 13i

13. Non- a. Visual Semi- AFMAN 91- Intent of

User T-3
hazardous2 inspection of annually 201 “semiannually” is
 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 61

explosives static bus every 180 days, ±10

area bar, NFPA 780, days
(weapons) conductor, Ch. 8
and bonds Annually BCE T-0
Explosives area
governed by
DDESB

b.
Resistance
to ground
When
for
physically Explosives area
equipment AFMAN 91-
damaged or User governed by T-3
bonding 201
when frayed DDESB
straps
from use
(10,000
ohms or
less)

c. Continuity
check from AFMAN 91-
When 201 Explosives area
equipment to
physically User governed by T-0
static bus NFPA 780,
damaged DDESB
bar (1 ohm Ch. 8
or less)

d. Facility
ground
NEC
resistance
check (Per This AFMAN
Explosives area
NEC Article AFMAN 91-
24 months BCE governed by T-0
250, 25 201 DDESB
ohms or less
NFPA 780
at facility
AHJ
grounding
electrode)

NEC AFMAN 91-201

e. Visual refers to this
inspection of AFMAN 91- AFMAN
lightning 201
12 months BCE T-0
protection This AFMAN
system Explosives area
NFPA 780 governed by
components
AHJ DDESB
62 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

f. Ground
resistance
measuremen
t on LPS at
grounding NEC AFMAN 91-201
electrode refers to this
AFMAN 91- AFAMN
(per NEC 201
Article 250, 24 months BCE T-0
25 ohms This AFMAN
Explosives area
maximum) NFPA 780 governed by
measured AHJ DDESB
diagonally
opposite to
electrical
service

g.
Continuity
validation on AFMAN 91-
air 201 Explosives area
terminals,
24 months BCE This AFMAN governed by T-0
bonds, and
NFPA 780 DDESB
conductor
connections AHJ
(1 ohm or
less)

6 months and Visual inspection

after a may consist only of
User T-2
lightning checking for an
AFMAN 91-
strike indicator lamp,
h. Visual 201
denoting SPD
inspection of This AFMAN operation
SPDs NFPA 780
Annually BCE AHJ
Explosives area
governed by T-0
DDESB

i. Static bus AFMAN 91-

bar 201 Explosives area
continuity to 24 months BCE This AFMAN governed by T-0
ground (1 NFPA 780 DDESB
ohm or less) AHJ
 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 63

a. Facility
single point At
ground construction Governed by
BCE This AFMAN T-0
system and every 24 DDESB
resistance months
check

b. Visual
inspection of Governed by
12 months BCE This AFMAN T-0
grounding DDESB
system

c. Continuity
At
between
construction Governed by
arch and BCE This AFMAN T-0
and every 24 DDESB
ground (1
months
ohm or less)

d. (HAS.)
14. Validate
Protective Governed by
door hinge 24 months BCE This AFMAN T-0
aircraft DDESB
continuity (1
shelter3 ohm or less )
vault
e. (HAS)
Continuity
between
At
vault lip
construction Governed by
(flange) and BCE This AFMAN T-0
and every 24 DDESB
ground
months
(steel
conduit) (1
ohm or less)

f. Continuity
of installed
(permanent)
When
bonds Governed by
notified of BCE This AFMAN T-0
between DDESB
damage
metal
masses and
steel support
 64 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

g. Visual
inspection of
permanent
bonds Governed by
Annually BCE This AFMAN T-0
between DDESB
metal
masses and
steel support

a. Ground
resistance
validation
(Per NEC
NFPA 99,
Article 250,
5 years BCE Health Care T-3
25 ohms or
Facilities
less at
service
grounding
electrode)

b.
Effectivenes Before
s of acceptance of
15. Medical grounding new facility
facilities4 system by or after BCE NFPA 99 T-0
voltage and service
impedance entrance
measuremen modification
ts

Annually
(semi-
c.
annually for
Verification
critical care
of continuity
areas defined BCE NEC T-0
of receptacle
in NFPA70,
grounding
hospitals and
circuits
surgical
centers)
 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 65

Ground
16. Airfield resistance
lighting check (Per
vault single NEC Article 2 years BCE This AFMAN T-2
point facility 250, 25
ground ohms or
less)

These
facilities
may have
special DNA-A-86-
requirements User 60, Vol 1-3, T-3
otherwise, DNA EMP
17. EMP Engineering
resistance
hardened 2 years Handbook for
check (Per
facilities Ground-Based
NEC Article
250, 25 BCE Facilities T-2
ohms or less This AFMAN
at service
grounding
electrode)

a. Visual
inspection of Before each
User This AFMAN T-3
equipment use
bonds

b.
Continuity
and
resistance Facility Criteria 4-
18. PMEL test of 218-01F, Criteria
facility For Precision
ground (Per 5 years BCE This AFMAN Measurement T-2
NEC Article Equipment
250, 10 Laboratory Design
ohms or less And Construction
at service
grounding
electrode)

19. Special a. TBD by This block is This block is

intelligence, AHJ intentionally BCE intentionally
cyber, SCIF, blank blank
 66 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

UAS/RPA,
launch and
space, and This block is This block is
b. TBD by
other intentionally User intentionally
AHJ
special-use blank blank
facilities4

After
User is onsite. A
unscheduled
quick check and
power This AFMAN report to BCE may
a. Visual
outages User T-0
inspection NFPA 780 avoid additional
(report
20. Surge damage until BCE
outage to
protective can arrive.
BCE)
devices
After
unscheduled This AFMAN
b. Visual
power BCE T-0
inspection NFPA 780
outages and
annually

1. If utility is privatized, this does not apply; however, safety and operational discrepancies
and damage should be reported when observed.
2. As defined in NEC Article 500.
3. Also known as hardened aircraft shelter (HAS), as determined by current Security Forces
AFIs.
4. BCE will perform if separate medical facility maintenance branch does not exist, under
memorandum of agreement only.
5. T-0 requirements for explosives facilities and PAS/HAS is delegable from DDESB to
AFCEC/COSM.
6. Where decision authority is the “Authority Having Jurisdiction” or “AHJ”, the Base Civil
Engineer is considered the AHJ.
Note: All incoming utility services should be verified for continuity of grounding and bonding
by the service provider every 5 years (i.e., gas, telephone, signal lines, CATV), including
government-owned facilities systems.
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 67

Attachment 3
BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUNDING SYSTEMS

A3.1. Types of Grounds. There are five basic types of grounding systems which must be
inspected if present in a facility: static grounds, equipment grounds, electrical system grounds,
lightning grounds (down conductors), and signal reference grounds. (T-0). Subsystem grounds is
a hybrid of these five basic systems.
A3.1.1. Static Grounds. A static ground is a connection between a piece of equipment and
earth to drain off static electricity charges before they reach a sparking (discharge) potential.
Typically, static grounding involves connecting large metal objects such as fuel tanks or
aircraft to earth through a grounding electrode. Static grounds are not part of an electrical
power system, but if an equipment grounding conductor is adequate for power circuits it is
also adequate for static grounding.
A3.1.2. Equipment Grounds. Equipment grounding involves interconnecting and connecting
to earth all non-current-carrying metal parts of an electrical wiring system and equipment
connected to the system. The purpose of grounding equipment is to ensure personnel safety
by reducing any residual charge in an equipment item to near zero volts with respect to
ground. An equipment ground must be capable of carrying the maximum ground fault current
possible without causing a fire or explosive hazard until the circuit protective device clears
the fault. An example is the bare copper wire or green insulated conductor connected to the
frames of electric motors, breaker panels, and outlet boxes. The equipment ground is
connected to an electrical system ground (neutral) only at the electrical service entrance of a
building.
A3.1.3. Electrical System Ground (Single Point Facility Ground). The purpose of electrical
system grounds is to limit the voltage imposed by lightning, line switching surges, or
unintentional contact with higher-voltage lines and to stabilize the voltage to earth during
normal operation. See NEC Article 250.4(A)(1). One wire or point of an electrical circuit in
an electrical system ground is connected to earth. This connection is usually at the electrical
neutral (though not always), and is called the "system ground" or “single point facility
ground.” The resistance of most electrical system ground electrodes operating at or below
600 Vac should not be more than 25 ohms. Medium voltage systems (1 to 15kV) frequently
are grounded through a resistor (or reactor) and may exceed 25 ohms. This practice limits
ground fault current to a manageable level. If a ground loop conductor functions as the
electrical system ground (single point facility ground) then 25 ohms is not a requirement.
A3.1.4. Lightning Grounds or Down Conductors. The purpose of a lightning protection
system is to provide for the safeguarding of persons and property from hazards arising from
exposure to lightning. Grounds and down conductors are necessary to safely dissipate
lightning strikes into the earth. They are part of a lightning protection system that usually
includes air terminals (lightning rods), main size conductors, arrestors, and other connectors
or fittings required for a complete system. It is helpful to provide test wells for access to the
grounding electrodes to test for continuity to the down conductor.
68 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Figure A3.1. Test Well Configuration Example.

A3.1.5. Signal Reference Grounds. The purpose of a signal reference ground is to provide a
low impedance reference system for electronic equipment to minimize noise-induced
voltages (distortions on the voltage waveform) and thereby reduce equipment malfunctions.
Common configurations include planes and grids. See IEEE STD 1100-1999 Recommended
Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment, for details. With the exception
of the connection point to the facility grounding system, the responsibility for individual
signal reference ground testing lies with the equipment owners.
A3.1.6. Subsystem Grounds. Each of the grounding systems described above may be a
subsystem of a total facility grounding system. All grounds (and subsystems) must be bonded
together according to NFPA 780 and the NEC. The electrical system ground (single point
facility ground) is the master ground and all must be tied to that point, either directly or
indirectly. (T-0). Testing of equipment grounds is the responsibility of the equipment
owners.
A3.2. NEC Grounding Requirements. Electrical systems and circuit conductors are grounded
to limit voltages during lightning and to facilitate overcurrent device operation in case of a
ground fault. The NEC allows the system neutral to be grounded and limits the location of this
neutral (NEC Article 250-24 and Exhibit 250.1). Since the neutral will carry current under
normal operating conditions, the NEC refers to it as the grounded conductor. See NEC Article
250.
A3.2.1. Facility Ground. The NEC requires a premises wiring system to have a grounding
electrode at each service. This electrode may be of several different types or systems. Each of
the types listed below must be bonded together to form the grounding electrode system. (T-
0).
A3.2.1.1. Where a metal underground water pipe (uncoated) is in direct contact with the
earth for 10 feet (3.05 meters) or more, do not bond around insulation flanges installed
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 69

for cathodic protection. If the underground water pipe is the only electrode available,
grounding electrodes must supplement it.
A3.2.1.2. The metal frame of a building where the building is effectively grounded.
A3.2.1.3. An electrode encased by at least 2 inches (51 millimeters) of concrete, made of
at least 20 feet (6.1 meters) of one or more steel reinforcing bars, located within and near
the bottom of a concrete foundation or footing in direct contact with the earth. This is
known as a Ufer ground.
A3.2.1.4. A ground ring encircling the building at least 2.5 feet (0.76 meters) deep. The
ground ring must be at least 20 feet (6.1 meters) long and use at least AWG No. 2 copper
(for lightning protection ground ring conductor, see paragraph A5.1.16). (T-0). Where
none of the above-listed electrodes are present, grounding electrodes or ground plates
must be used. (T-0). Grounding electrodes must be at least 8 feet (2.44 meters) in length
(10 feet (3.05 meters) for lightning protection; see paragraph A5.1.11). (T-0).
Grounding electrodes or plates must not be aluminum. (T-0). The Air Force discourages
the use of stainless-steel grounding electrodes because of the cost; however, they are
allowed if the specific situation warrants their use.
A3.2.2. Separately Derived System (SDS). A separately derived system is an electrical
source, other than a service, having no direct connection(s) to circuit conductors of any other
electrical source other than those established by grounding and bonding connections.
Examples of SDSs include generators, batteries, converter windings, transformers, and solar
photovoltaic systems, provided they have no direct electrical connection to another source.
The grounded circuit conductors are not intended to be directly connected.
A3.2.2.1. Dry type transformers (isolation and non-isolation) are common sources of
SDSs in a facility. Typically, they are connected in a delta-wye configuration. SDS
transformers are widely used in sensitive electronic installations (computer power
distribution centers are essentially SDS transformers) since they effectively establish a
local ground at the electronic equipment. This minimizes the impedance to ground as
seen by the load. They should always possess a means of vibration isolation.
A3.2.2.2. Standby or emergency generators are also common sources of separately
derived systems. A generator connected to a facility through a transfer switch is not a
separately derived system if the neutral conductor remains connected to the normal
commercial power source neutral after transfer (the neutral is not switched along with the
phase conductors). AFI 32-1062, Electrical Systems, Power Plants and Generators,
requires a switched neutral in the case of all real property installed equipment (RPIE)
generators (4-pole generators and automatic transfer switches). For older generators
without a switched neutral, the required connection of the neutral to the facility’s
grounding electrode system for both the commercial power source and the generator must
be made only on the supply side of the commercial power service disconnect. (T-0).
Providing an additional connection between the generator neutral and a grounding
electrode at the generator would be a grounding connection on the load side of the service
disconnect and a violation of the NEC. Refer to IEEE Standard 446, Recommended
Practice for Emergency and Standby Power (The Orange Book), for additional
information and requirements on grounding emergency and standby generators.
70 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

A3.3. Grounding Electrodes.

A3.3.1. Connection to Earth. The most practical method of connecting to earth is to bury a
solid body, such as a metal rod, pipe, or sheet, and connect a grounding conductor to it. This
solid body is known as a grounding electrode.
A3.3.2. Methods for Obtaining Better Grounds. Frequently a satisfactorily low electrode
resistance cannot be obtained because of high soil resistivity. Use the following methods if it
is necessary to lower the resistance of the electrode.
A3.3.2.1. Deeper Grounding Electrode (Ground Rod). As a grounding electrode is driven
more deeply into the soil, it not only has more surface contact with the earth, but it also
begins to reach soil which is more conductive. The deeper the electrode, the less the
effect of poor surface moisture content and temperature changes.
A3.3.2.2. Parallel Grounding Electrodes. Grounding electrodes driven parallel to each
other should have space between them at least the length of the electrodes unless only a
few additional ohms are required to obtain 25 ohms. In that case, the additional electrode
may need to be only a few feet from the first driven electrode. To determine necessary
distance prior to permanently placing the second ground rod, partially drive the ground
rod, attach a temporary bond between the two, and re-measure the resistance of the
combination. If 25 ohms is achieved, remove the temporary bond, drive the ground rod
in place and permanently bond the two together. Multiple electrodes connected by a
conductor have a greater ability to equalize potential over the installation area.
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 71

Figure A3.2. Parallel Grounding Electrodes at Service Entrances (Also See NEC
Minimums).

A3.3.2.3. Soil Replacement. You can significantly lower the resistance of a grounding
electrode by lowering the resistivity of the soil immediately surrounding it. Use a mixture
of 75 percent gypsum, 20 percent bentonite (well driller’s mud), and 5 percent sodium
sulfate. This mixture is available from cathodic protection supply companies. The
mixture is better than chemical salts because it lasts much longer and chemical salts may
not be compatible with environmental requirements. Various vendors provide low-
resistance backfills that may be approved on a case-by-case basis. In all instances,
indication should be less than 5 percent sulphur content.
72 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

A3.3.2.4. Concrete Encapsulation. Encapsulating grounding electrodes with concrete

increases their effective diameter. The concrete absorbs water from the soil, increasing
the conductivity directly around the electrode.
A3.3.2.5. Other Methods. Other more-elaborate methods include installation of a ground
loop conductor, electrode networks, or multiple electrodes laid horizontally both parallel
and perpendicular, and bonded together to create a grid about 18 inches (0.5 meter) below
the surface.

Figure A3.3. Sample Grid of Bonded Horizontally Laid Grounding Electrodes.

A3.4. Grounding and Corrosion. Copper grounding has been the standard of the electrical
industry almost from inception. Because copper is cathodic to all common construction
materials, corrosion often results when copper is in contact with ferrous structures. Bonding
underground ferrous structures to copper grounding systems can create serious corrosion
problems.
A3.4.1. Corrosion of Pipelines. A typical situation for corrosion development exists when a
facility’s copper grounding system is bonded to a coated steel pipeline entering the facility. If
this pipe is installed in low-resistivity soil, corrosion current will be high because of the
potential between copper and steel, the low-resistance circuit, and concentrated at the voids
in the pipe coating. Common solutions to this problem are use of galvanized steel rather than
copper grounding electrodes, installing an insulating fitting above the ground in the pipeline
where it exits the soil and as it enters the building, separating the grounding system and the
piping systems as widely as possible, installing a sacrificial anode system, or some
combination of these solutions. Note that while the aboveground portion of the pipeline is
grounded for safety, the underground portion is already grounded by contact with the soil.
The resistance to earth of a typical coated piping system is usually 1 to 5 ohms.
A3.4.2. Hazardous Voltages. If insulating fittings are installed on a pipeline, take
precautions against lightning flashover at the fittings or a dangerous potential difference
between the pipe sections. Connect a metal oxide varistor (MOV) lightning arrestor, zinc
grounding cell, or an electrolytic cell across the insulating device. The clamping voltage
should be 3.14 times the maximum output voltage of the rectifier of the cathodic protection
system.
A3.4.3. Zinc Grounding Cell. A zinc grounding cell is made of two bars of 1.4 by 1.4 by 60-
inch (3.55 by 3.55 by 152.4-centimeter) zinc separated by 1-inch (2.54-centimeter) spacers.
Each bar has an insulated AWG No. 6 stranded copper conductor silver-brazed to a 0.25-inch
(0.64-centimeter) -diameter steel core rod. The unit comes prepackaged in a bag of low-
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 73

resistivity backfill (75 percent gypsum, 20 percent bentonite, 5 percent sodium sulfate). The
nominal resistance of a two-anode grounding cell is 0.4 ohm. For lower resistance, a four
cross-connected zinc anode cell with a resistance of 0.2 ohm is available. This resistance acts
as an open circuit to the low dc voltage corrosion current, but like a short to lightning or 120
Vac commercial current.
A3.4.4. Electrolytic Cell. An electrolytic cell (Kirk Cell) consists of multiple pairs of
stainless-steel plates immersed in a potassium hydroxide electrolyte solution with an oil film
floating on top to prevent evaporation. The cell acts like an electrochemical switch, blocking
low dc voltages in the cathodic protection range, but instantaneously shunting ac or higher dc
voltages to ground.
74 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Attachment 4
BASIC BONDING REQUIREMENTS

A4.1. Basic Requirements. Three conditions or situations establish the requirement for a bond.

Table A4.1. Conditions or situations.

Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3
Common bonding of Bonding of metal bodies (See Isolated (ungrounded) metallic
grounded systems – structures definition for “structure.”) bodies (such as metallic
exceeding 60 ft (18 m) window frames)
A. Structures 40 ft (12.2 m)
and less (structures </=40’
B. Structures more than 40 ft
(12.2 m) in height where
bonding is required within 60
ft (18.3 m) from top of
structure (structures >40’ and
</=60’

A4.2. Condition 1.
A4.2.1. Effective with the 2017 NFPA 780, for metal or steel-framed structures exceeding
60 feet (18 meters) in height, the interconnection of the lightning protection system
grounding electrodes and other grounded media shall be in the form of a ground loop
conductor. (T-0). This interconnection shall include all building grounding electrode
systems, including lightning protection, electrical service, communications service, and
antenna systems grounding electrodes. For existing metal or steel-framed structures
exceeding 60 feet (18 meters), metal bodies must be bonded as near as practical at their
extremities (top and bottom) to structural steel members.
A4.2.2. For reinforced concrete structures where the reinforcement is interconnected and
grounded, long, vertical metal bodies must be bonded to the lightning protection system
down conductors (unless inherently bonded through construction) at their extremities (top
and bottom). (T-0).
A4.3. Condition 2.
A4.3.1. Bonding of metal bodies not covered by Condition 1 (structure is </= 60 feet [18
meters]). Grounded metal bodies shall be bonded to the lightning protection system where
located within a calculated bonding distance, D, as determined by the following BBF: (T-0).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 75

Figure A4.1. Basic bonding formula.

A4.3.1.1. Where: D = calculated bonding distance, h = either the height of the building
or the vertical distance from the nearest bonding connection from the grounded metal
body to the lightning protection system and the point on the down conductor where the
bonding connection is being considered. n = value related to the number of down
conductors that are spaced at least 25 feet (7.6 meters) apart and located within a zone of
100 feet (30 meters) from the bond in question Km = 1 if the flashover is through air; 0.50
if through dense material such as concrete, brick, and wood.
A4.3.1.2. The value n shall be calculated as follows: n = 1 where there is one down
conductor in this zone; n = 1.5 where there are two down conductors in this zone; n =
2.25 where there are three or more down conductors in this zone. Application of this
general formula is adjusted below, based on structure height. For quick reference, some
calculated values for a single down conductor (n) are shown below:
A4.3.1.3. Exterior. For items mounted on the exterior of a building on the same building
face as a down conductor or another part of the LPS, where Km = 1.0 (air):

Figure A4.2. Common Calculations.

A4.3.1.4. Interior. For metal items on the interior of a building where Km = 0.5 (some
solid medium previously described): At h=42 inches, D=3.5 inches, but 6 inches is
minimum distance; therefore D=6 inches. This applies to static bus bars installed on the
interior of an exterior wall. No metal objects are allowed closer than 6 inches to the static
bus bar (examples are metallic lockers, metallic tool boxes and similar items). At h=60
inches, D=5 inches, but, again, 6 inches is minimum distance; therefore, D=6 inches.
A4.4. Condition 2a.
A4.4.1. For grounded metal bodies inside structures 40 feet (12.2 meters) and less in height.
Grounded metal bodies shall be bonded to the lightning protection system where located
76 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

within a calculated bonding distance (side flash distance), D, as determined by the following
formula: (T-0).

Figure A4.3. Basic bonding formula.

A4.4.1.1. Where: D = calculated bonding distance. h = either the height of the building
or the vertical distance from the nearest bonding connection from the grounded metal
body to the lightning protection system and the point on the down conductor where the
bonding connection is being considered. n = value related to the number of down
conductors that are spaced at least 25 feet (7.6 meters) apart and located within a zone of
100 feet (30 meters) from the bond in question Km = 1 if the flashover is through air; Km
= 0.50 if through dense material such as concrete, brick, and wood.
A4.4.1.2. The value n shall be calculated as: n=1 where only one down conductor is
within 100 feet, n=1.5 where two down conductors are within 100 feet, and n=2.25 where
three or more down conductors are within 100 feet.
A4.4.1.3. Down conductors not separated by at least 25 feet (7.6 meters) are considered
one down conductor and n=1. An example of this calculation is shown in Figure A4.1
The height of the building is 35 feet (10.7 meters). A is a metal pipe grounded at one end
but close to down conductor. B is the only down conductor within 100 feet (30.5 meters)
of the point in question, so n = 1. Since any flashover would occur through the wall, Km
= 0.5. The BBF is D = [h/6(1)](0.5) = (30 feet/6)(0.5) = (5.0)(0.5) = 2.5 feet (0.76 meter).
This means that if pipe A is 2.5 feet (0.76 meter) or closer to the down conductor at the
point in question (30 feet [9.14 meters] in height), bond it through the wall to the down
conductor. If installed within side flash distance, the design should relocate either the
down conductor or offset the installation of the metallic object, pipe A, in this case.
A4.5. Condition 2b.
A4.5.1. Note that for buildings between >40 and </= 60 feet (12.2 and 18.3 meters) in
height, Condition 2B would apply. D = calculated bonding distance. h = vertical distance
between the bond under consideration and the nearest interconnection to the lightning
protection system or ground. n = value related to the number of down conductors that are
spaced at least 25 feet (7.6 meters) apart and located within a zone of 100 feet (30 meters)
from the bond in question K m = 1 if the flashover is through air; Km = 0.50 if through dense
material such as concrete, brick, and wood.
A4.5.1.1. The value n shall be calculated as: n=1 where only one down conductor is
within 100 feet (30 meters), n=1.5 where two down conductors are within 100 feet, and
n=2.25 where three or more down conductors are within 100 feet (30 meters).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 77

A4.5.1.2. Where bonding is required below a level 60 feet (18 meters) from the top of a
structure, n shall be the total number of down conductors in the lightning protection
system.
A4.5.1.3. See Figure A4.4 shows bond fitting Condition 2b(1). The vertical height, h1,
is 75 feet (22.9 meters). In this case, the two down conductors are within 100 feet (30
meters) of the bond at D1, and n equals 1.5. Again, the flashover would be through the
wall, so Km = 0.5. The BBF is D1 = ([75 /(6)(1.5)])0.5 = (75/9)(0.5) = 4.17 feet (1.27
meters). If pipe A is 4.17 feet (1.27) meters or closer to the down conductor, bond it to
the down conductor through the wall. If installed within side flash distance, the design
should relocate either the down conductor or offset the installation of the metallic object
if possible, pipe A, in this case.
A4.6. Condition 2c.
A4.6.1. For grounded metal bodies where the bond in question is below the top 60 feet (18.3
meters) of a structure which is greater than 40 feet (12.2 meters) in height, the following
definitions apply. h = the vertical distance between the bond being considered and the nearest
other lightning protection system bond (or to ground level if no other bond is present). n =
the total number of down conductors (spaced 7.6 m apart) in the lightning protection system.
A4.6.2. This type of bond is shown in Figure A4.1 Pipe B comes close to a down conductor
at a height below the top 60 feet (18.3 meters) of the structure. Km would be 0.5 for a flash
through the wall and n would be the total number of down conductors for the system assume
four down conductors for the purpose of the following sample calculation. The BBF would
be D2 = ([35/6(4)])0.5 = (35/24)(0.5) = 0.73 foot (0.22 meter). The pipe B would have to be
bonded through the wall to the down conductor at this location if it is 0.73 foot (0.22 meter)
or closer to the conductor. For this example, a wall thickness of 8.8 inches would not require
through-the-wall bonding. If installed within side flash distance, the design should relocate
either the down conductor or offset the installation of the metallic object, pipe B, in this case.
Note that for buildings between 40 and 60 feet (12.2 and 18.3 meters) in height, Condition
2b(1) would apply.
A4.7. Side Flash for Catenary Systems.
A4.7.1. For catenary systems, it is necessary to calculate the distance of the cable sag of the
cross conductor to the nearest part of the facility or the position of the cross conductor that is
nearest to any metal item mounted on top of the facility. The BBF must be used for this, but
in no case shall the lowest part of the sag be less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) from the nearest part
of the facility. (T-0). See Figure A5.1
A4.7.1.1. For a metal mast or pole, h = the horizontal distance at the lowest point of sag
to the top of the metal pole or mast.
A4.7.1.2. For a non-metal mast or pole, h = the horizontal distance at the lowest point of
sag to the top of the non-metal mast or pole plus the vertical distance from the top of the
mast or pole to the grounding point at its base.
78 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Figure A4.4. Typical Bonding Conditions in Structures 40 Feet or Less in Height.

AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 79

Figure A4.5. Typical Bonding Conditions in Structures Greater Than 40 Feet in height.
[D2 cut off]

A4.8. Condition 3. Bonding of ungrounded metal bodies positioned to effectively short part of
the separation distance between a grounded metal body and a lightning conductor. In Figure
A4.6, a window is located between a grounded metal body and a lightning protection down
conductor. First, calculate the bonding distance between the grounded body and down conductor
by using the BBF according to the correct condition, from paragraph A4.1 [1, 2A, or 2B]. This
will provide a distance for D. If the distance a + b is less than or equal to D, then the down
conductor must be bonded directly to the grounded metal body. Note the window itself does not
have to be bonded. Continuity tests should be performed to determine if the object is grounded,
and not ungrounded, as it may appear.
80 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Figure A4.6. Typical Bonding Conditions for Ungrounded Metal Bodies.

A4.9. Typical Air Force Situation. Figure A4.9 depicts a situation that typically occurs at Air
Force bases. Boxes shown in Figures A4.9 and A4.11 represent various types of metallic
electrical enclosures. These are required by the NEC to be grounded, and therefore constitute
grounded metal bodies as defined by Condition 2 above. They would have to be bonded to the
down conductor if separation from the down conductor is less than the distance determined by
the BBF, Condition 2. Condition 3 would not apply between the door frame and the down
conductor with objects 1 through 4 in between, because all are grounded. However, the BBF,
Condition 2, must be applied between the down conductor and the doorframe. On explosives
facilities where such objects do not need to be bonded, recommend they be marked or labeled
"NBN" (No Bonding Needed) for future reference.

Figure A4.7. Bonding Metallic Equipment to Down Conductor.

AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 81

Figure A4.8. Bonding Down Conductor to Grounding Electrode.

Figure A4.9. Bonding for Typical Air Force Structure.

A4.10. Explosives Facility Bonding. The following supplements the NFPA 780 bonding
requirements for explosives facilities defined in Chapter 3.
A4.10.1. See Figure A4.10 provides approximate bonding distances as defined by NFPA
780. Note that this chart does not cover Conditions 1 and 2B from paragraph A4.1 The
terms h, Km, and n are. The terms h, Km, and n are defined in paragraph A4.4 To
demonstrate the use of the chart, it is used to solve the example in paragraph A4.4
82 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Figure A4.10. Sample Calculations of Bonding Distances.

h n = 1.0 n = 1.5 n = 2.25

ft m Km ft m ft m ft m

10 3.05 1 ft 8 in. 0.50 1 ft 13⁄8 in. 0.33 9 in. 0.22

0.5 10 in. 0.25 63⁄4 in. 0.17 41⁄2 in. 0.11

20 6.10 3 ft 4 in. 1.01 2 ft 23⁄4 in. 0.67 1 ft 6 in. 0.45

0.5 1 ft 8 in. 0.50 1 ft 13⁄8 in. 0.33 9 in. 0.22

30 9.15 5 ft 0 in. 1.52 3 ft 4 in. 1.01 2 ft 23⁄4 in. 0.67

0.5 2 ft 6 in. 0.76 1 ft 8 in. 0.50 1 ft 13⁄8 in. 0.33

40 12.2 1 6 ft 8 in. 2.03 4 ft 6 in. 1.37 3 ft 0.91

0.5 3 ft 4 in. 1.01 2 ft 3 in. 0.68 1 ft 6 in. 0.45

1. Find the height (h) (9.15 m) in the column labeled h.

2. Then select the row adjacent to the 9.15 m where Km is 0.5, since any
flashover would occur through the wall.
3. Since there is only one down conductor, n equals 1. Find the intersection of
the row selected in step 2 and the column labeled 1.0. The value in the cell is
0.76 m. Therefore, D is 0.76 m or 2 ft 6 in.
Also notice that the greatest bonding distance for objects not covered by 2b(2)
inside a facility less than 12.2 m in height is 1.01 m (3 ft 4 in).
This table derived from NFPA 780

A4.10.2. Steel magazine doors inherently in physical contact with the metallic door frame do
not need a separate bond if the resistance between the door and frame measures 1 ohm or
less. Install a bonding strap if this resistance between the door and frame measures greater
than 1 ohm. The frame must be inherently grounded through the rebar or bonded to a down
conductor.
A4.10.3. Objects such as metal desks, metal lockers, large metal trash cans, and ground-level
floor grates do not need to be bonded unless they are located within side flash distance of a
component of the lightning protection system or a static bus bar.
A4.10.4. Fence posts and railroad tracks within 6 feet (1.83 meters) of any component of a
structure’s lightning protection system must be bonded either to the structure’s grounding
system or to a ground rod which is bonded to the structure’s grounding system. In addition,
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 83

fence posts at gates where either personnel or explosives equipment may pass must be
grounded. These are test points.
A4.10.5. Blast valves must be inherently grounded through the rebar system or with a
separate bonding strap.
A4.10.6. Metal bodies located within a steel-framed structure that are inherently bonded to
the structure through construction must be tested when the facility is new and the
measurements recorded and kept with the other required measurements and observations.
They do not need to be tested again unless there is reason to believe the bond has changed,
e.g., corrosion or structural repair.
A4.11. Protective Aircraft Shelters (PAS). In PASs with interior steel arches, all grounded
metal bodies within 1 foot (0.305 meter) of the steel arch must be bonded to the arch. In PASs
without a steel arch, all grounded metal masses within 1 foot (0.305 meter) of a wall must be
bonded to the nearest metallic electrical conduit if not already connected. Only those grounded
metal bodies not inherently bonded (through metallic conduit or equipment grounding
conductor) must be tested for continuity to the ground or conduit system. All metal doors must
be grounded. Door hinges and door tracks are acceptable as a bonding strap if the doorframe or
door track is grounded and there is less than 1 ohm between the door and ground. Additional
requirements for PASs with WS3 vaults are as follows:
A4.11.1. Continuity between the steel arch and grounding system may be measured by
validating with an ohmmeter the continuity between the steel arch and any metallic electrical
conduit. Two test points between different conduits and the arch are sufficient if the test
points are spaced on opposite walls and the conduit long. This is to ensure electrical
continuity through the structural shell. If a maximum of 1 ohm is not achieved, a bonding
strap must be installed.
A4.11.2. When testing continuity between the WS3 vault and steel arch, an acceptable test
location is the vault lip or flange flush with the shelter floor. The vault does not have to be
raised. Where there is no steel arch, test from a metallic electrical conduit on the PAS wall to
the vault lip.
84 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Attachment 5
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS

A5.1. Minimum Requirements. Engineers assigned specific responsibilities for lightning

protection must review the lightning protection system on each facility at least annually or after
repair actions have been completed. (T-0).
A5.1.1. Air terminals must extend at least 10 inches (0.25 meter) above the object to be
protected. (T-0). Consider the use of blunt-tipped air terminals for new system installations
on Air Force installations. Note: When replacing air terminals with terminals of a different
length, required spacing around the perimeter must be reconfirmed and the zone of protection
verified. Figure A5.1 1:1 zone of protection in NFPA 780 should extend from the tip of the
air terminal instead of the eave.
A5.1.2. Each air terminal mounted separately from the facility (non-integral system) (except
as exempted in NFPA 780) must have at least two paths to ground. (T-0). For a catenary
system consisting of non-metallic poles or masts, the second path may be one of the cross
conductors to the next pole or mast. For a metallic mast, the base must be bonded to two
separate grounding electrodes, as far apart as possible (opposite sides of the mast is the goal).
Note that for earth-covered igloos, these paths may be covered with soil.
A5.1.3. Each building with an integral protection system must have a minimum of two down
conductors, one each at opposite corners (one each on all corners is preferred). (T-0). This
provides two paths to ground. Because of the potential for galvanic corrosion, use only
aluminum lightning system conductors on metal roofs. (T-2).
A5.1.4. Down conductor design and installation must present the least possible impedance to
ground. (T-0).
A5.1.5. Down conductors must not have sharp bends or loops. All bends must have a radius
of bend not less than 8 inches (0.203 millimeters) and must measure not less than 90 degrees
from the inside of the bend. (T-0). The 8-inch (203-millimeter) radius does not apply to "T"
or "Y" splices. These splices, however, can be used only for the purpose intended.
A5.1.6. If the structure has metallic columns, these columns may serve as down conductors
as long as columns do not average more than a 60-foot (18.3-meter) separation distance.
Inherent bonding via continuity measurements must be shown on as-built drawings for new
facilities. (T-0). If not shown at the time of construction, access points for testing must be
provided and validated prior to project acceptance. (T-0).
A5.1.7. Structures must have at least two down conductors, separated as widely as
practicable. (T-0). Diagonally opposite corner locations achieve this easily. Structures
exceeding 250 feet (76 meters) in perimeter shall have a down conductor for every 100 feet
(30.5 meters) of perimeter or fraction thereof. (T-0).
A5.1.8. Any down conductors subject to mechanical damage or displacement must be
protected with a protective molding or covering for a minimum of 6 feet (1.83 meters) above
grade. (T-0). If a down conductor runs through a ferrous metal tube or pipe (usually for
mechanical protection), the conductor must be bonded to both ends of the tube or pipe (at
point of entry and exit). (T-0).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 85

A5.1.9. Do not paint down conductor connectors unless they are high-compression,
exothermic, or welded type. Conductors on roofs must be bare.
A5.1.10. Each down conductor must be connected, at its base, to a grounding electrode or to
a ground loop conductor, keeping in mind the bending restrictions of the down conductor.
(T-0).
A5.1.11. Grounding electrodes must be at least 10 ft. (3.05 m) long and made of not less
than 0.75-inch (19.05-millimeter) diameter pipe or equivalent solid rod made of copper or
copper-clad steel. (T-0). Stainless-steel grounding electrodes must not be used. Grounding
electrodes must be at least 3 feet (0.91 meters) from the building walls or footings and must
penetrate at least 10 feet (3.05 meters) into soil. (T-0). Grounding electrodes with tops at
least 1 foot (0.31 meter) below grade are recommended for mechanical protection. If
conductors are not exothermically welded to the grounding electrode, test wells are required
for new construction. (T-0).
A5.1.12. The location of new down conductors on the exterior of a structure should take into
consideration interior wall-mounted objects and be adjusted to avoid them. If avoidance is
not optional or for existing facilities, interior metal parts of a facility close to a down
conductor will need to be bonded to that down conductor if within the calculated side flash
distance. (T-0).
A5.1.13. Bonding materials must be compatible with the metallic mass and down conductor.
(T-0).
A5.1.14. On new facilities, down conductors entering soil with less than 10,000 ohm-cm
resistivity must be protected against corrosion by a protective covering beginning 6 feet (1.83
meters) above finished grade. (T-0).
A5.1.15. Adhesive fasteners for down conductors and cross conductors of an integral system
are not allowed on Air Force facilities due to the short adherence life of the adhesive.
A5.1.16. A ground loop conductor (ground ring) encircling the building must be at least 1.5
feet (0.46 meters) deep, be at least 20 feet (6.1 meters) long and be a main-size conductor,
sized from NFPA 780, Table 4.1.1.1.1 or 4.1.1.1.2). (T-0).
A5.2. Mast and Overhead Wire Systems.
A5.2.1. A mast-type lightning protection system uses masts located remote from the facility.
The mast must be high enough to enclose the facility in the zone of protection defined by
NFPA 780. (T-0). Separate each mast from any part of the facility by at least the bonding
distance specified in paragraph 4.6.5 of NFPA 780, but not less than 6 feet (1.83 meters). (T-
0). Refer to Figure A5.1
A5.2.2. If a single mast will not protect a facility, install multiple masts or an overhead wire
system. An overhead wire or catenary system consists of grounded, elevated, horizontal
metallic wires stretched between masts surrounding the facility. Each wire must be a
continuous run of at least AWG No. 6 copper or equivalent. (T-0). Suspend each wire above
the protected facility and connect them to grounding electrodes at each mast or pole.
Interconnect all grounding electrodes with a ground loop conductor. NFPA 780, paragraphs
4.16.2.5 and 4.16.2.6, specify the minimum separation between the overhead wire and the
protected facility, which must be at least equal to the bonding distance or side flash distance.
86 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

(T-0). A minimum of 6 feet (1.83 meters) is recommended. Supporting masts must be

separated by the side flash distance, but no less than 6 feet (1.83 meters). (T-0).

Figure A5.1. Air Terminals on Masts (Typical).

A5.2.3. An air terminal extending above the top of the pole must be securely mounted to the
top of the wooden mast and connected to the grounding system. (T-0). An overhead ground
wire or a down conductor, extending above or across the top of the pole, may serve as the air
terminal if this wire or conductor is the topmost item on the mast. Each nonmetallic mast
must provide two paths to ground. A lone nonmetallic mast must have two down conductors.
Metallic masts do not require air terminals and down conductors. Metallic masts must have
two connections to the grounding system or to two grounding electrodes. (T-0).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 87

Attachment 6
MAINTENANCE SELF-CHECK FOR EXPLOSIVES FACILITIES

A6.1. Maintenance Self-check for explosive facilities. Questions for Maintenance self-check
for explosive facilities include:
A6.1.1. Has each facility been inspected to determine the type of protection system
installed? Is the system mounted on the facility (integral) or separately mounted (mast or
overhead system)?
A6.1.2. Are maintenance personnel familiar with lightning protection systems? See Chapter
4 for personnel qualifications and training requirements.
A6.1.3. Are all maintenance personnel who are qualified to perform tests or inspections
familiar with this AFMAN? Are all contractors or architect or engineers for large contracts
within the explosives area familiar with this AFMAN?
A6.1.4. Do all contracts and projects (even if non-LPS) on facilities with LPS require
certification and recertification of the LPS and as-builts (if construction changes are made),
prior to acceptance and payment of the last 25 percent of the contract to the contractor (this
includes SABER contracts)? This will ensure compliance with this AFMAN for new
facilities and will ensure that no deficiencies have been introduced onto the existing LPS of
existing facilities by a non-LPS contract.
A6.1.5. Are static grounding systems installed as separate subsystems? Are they connected
only to a lightning protection system down conductor (when within side flash distance) or to
a ground loop conductor? Are contact points free of corrosion, paint, grease, oil, or other
agents that prevent good bonding? Are static bus bars bonded to the single point facility
ground at each end? Note: If interior static bus bars cross an exterior down conductor within
calculated side flash distance, relocate the down conductor or the static bus bar to avoid this
crossing. See paragraph 13.2 of this AFMAN.
A6.1.6. Are both the user and maintenance personnel aware of all facilities that have been
identified as housing, or being used to conduct, hazardous operations? Are personnel familiar
with any special test and inspection requirements?
A6.1.7. Are tests and inspections accomplished at the frequencies shown in Table A2.1 of
this AFMAN?
A6.1.8. Are tests conducted with test instruments designed for the purpose used?
A6.1.9. Are personnel conducting tests familiar with the location and designation of test
points and the relationship between various components of the system prior to testing?
A6.1.10. Are visual inspections being performed in accordance with Table A2.1 of this
AFMAN?
A6.1.11. Are repair actions performed when reported?
A6.1.12. After repair actions have been completed, are electrical tests accomplished and
documented, to ensure system integrity and records accuracy?
88 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Attachment 7
TESTING REQUIREMENTS

A7.1. Grounding System Resistance Test. Use the following procedures or the procedures
recommended by the test instrument manufacturer (T-0):
A7.1.1. Use Figure A7.1 illustrates auxiliary probe locations for fall-of-potential ground
resistance tests.
A7.1.2. Where possible, conduct this test at the corner of the building opposite the electrical
service entrance. Exercise caution: underground metallic piping may influence readings.
Position probes as far as possible from the grounding system under test. You may
temporarily disconnect electrical service from other ground connections; however, make sure
you reconnect the ground or a shock hazard will result. Connect the appropriate lead of a fall-
of-potential meter to the grounding electrode (ground rod) at the test site. Place the potential
reference probe at a distance greater than one-half the diagonal of the building under test, but
not less than 25 feet (7.6 meters). Place the current reference probe 90 degrees from the
potential reference probe (in a direction away from the facility under test) and the grounding
electrode under test, and at a distance greater than one-half of the building diagonal but not
less than 25 feet (7.6 meters) from the potential reference probe. Note that the distances
between probes are equal. For buildings without a ground loop conductor, perform this test at
each grounding electrode. Resistance at each grounding electrode should be less than 25
ohms (10 ohms for communications facilities). Periodic tests should be made at
approximately the same time each year to minimize confusion resulting from seasonal
changes.

Figure A7.1. Auxiliary Probe Locations for Fall-of-Potential Ground Resistance Test.
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 89

A7.2. Resistance Test for Above-Ground Petroleum (POL) Tanks. Note: Before any testing
is performed for POL systems and tanks, the tester shall be familiar with the containment
systems, their locations, and their configurations to avoid puncture and compromise of the
containment system. If records of these containment system layouts are not contained in record
drawings, they shall be located and defined and included in record drawings. The method
described in paragraph A7.1 is appropriate for medium to small grounding systems. Figure
A7.2 illustrates a method to measure resistance to earth of larger, more complex systems such as
a large POL tank or a substation. In areas where the soil resistivity is relatively high, a higher
voltage supply may be necessary. Local cathodic protection technicians can usually furnish the
material for the test. Make sure the tank is isolated from the utility systems by dielectric flanges.
Also be sure the cathodic protection systems are disconnected.

Figure A7.2. Measuring Resistance to Earth of Large POL Tank.

A7.2.1. Install a temporary ground bed of three or four 5-foot (1.52-meter) grounding
electrodes at a distance equal to five tank diameters. Place a copper-copper sulfate half-cell
on the opposite side of the tank. Place it at a distance equal to five tank diameters and along
an imaginary straight line through the center of the tank. Make sure it has good contact with
earth.
A7.2.2. Between the temporary ground bed and tank, install a 12-volt common vehicle
battery and a dc ammeter (multimeter with 1-amp scale may be used). Install a high-
impedance (10 megaohm or greater) dc voltmeter with a 1-volt scale between the half cell
and tank.
A7.2.3. With the battery disconnected, record the voltage reading at the voltmeter.
A7.2.4. Connect the battery and record the current at the ammeter and voltage at the
voltmeter. Read voltage immediately after connecting the battery. Current output must be
sufficient to effect a minimum 0.05 volt potential shift in the half cell reading.
A7.2.5. Calculate resistance of the tank to earth in ohms by dividing the potential change in
volts, DV, by the current in amps, or R = DV/I. For large tanks, typical values would be
0.040 amps of current and a voltage change of 0.2 volt.
90 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

A7.3. Resistance Test for Large Objects. This procedure is an alternative to paragraph A7.2
for measuring the resistance to earth of large metallic objects or grids. Be sure to isolate the tank
(or object) from the utility system and turn off any cathodic protection system.
A7.3.1. Install an 8-foot (2.44-meter) ground rod 5 diameters from the tank or object being
tested. Measure the resistance of this rod to ground using a fall-of-potential meter. This is the
value of Rgr.
A7.3.2. Next, hook up the circuit as shown in Figure A7.3 The resistance of the tank (or
object) to earth is determined by Ro = V/A - Rgr, where V is the reading from the voltmeter
and A is the reading from the ammeter. The ammeter typically reads between 0.1 amp and 2
amps with a 12-volt source.
A7.3.3. If soil resistivity is very high, increase the voltage until enough amps flow to be
measurable.

Figure A7.3. Alternate Method of Measuring Resistance to Earth of Large Object.

AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 91

A7.4. Continuity Test/Check for Separately Mounted Lightning Protection System (Mast
and Overhead Shield Wire).
A7.4.1. To test the continuity of a mast (Figure A7.4(a)), connect one lead of an ohmmeter
to the top of the pole. Connect the other lead to the point where the conductor connects to the
ground system at ground level. If the resistance is greater than 1 ohm, check for deficiencies
and repair. For mast systems where the masts are metallic, seamless construction of a height
to provide adequate protection, the continuity test can be conducted from the base of the
mast. Field work which invalidates the manufacturer’s warranty is not allowed. Initial
continuity test of the slip-fit joint at the time of installation shall be recorded in test records.
Also record whether or not the slip-fit joint is inherently bonded.
A7.4.2. For an overhead wire, or catenary, system (Figure A7.4(b)), visually inspect
overhead shield wires with binoculars. If the system contains mechanical connectors, a
continuity test must be conducted from the overhead shield wire to the point where the
conductor connects to the lightning protection ground system. This also applies to guy wires
when guy wires are used as a path to ground (used as a down conductor). If the resistance is
greater than 1 ohm, check for deficiencies and repair. For systems which use only exothermic
welds or high compression crimps, a visual inspection may be used to verify overhead wire
and down conductor continuity. The visual inspection may be conducted from ground level
using binoculars.

Figure A7.4. Mast System (a) and Overhead Wire or Catenary System (b).
92 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

A7.5. Continuity Test/Check for Integrally Mounted Lightning Protection

Systems. Perform this test by firmly attaching one lead of an ohmmeter to a corner ground rod.
Next, connect the other lead consecutively to each of the air terminals located at the corners of
the building and the air terminal (or metallic body) with the highest elevation. Repeat the test
from the ground rod located at the opposite corner of the building. For explosive facilities, test
the continuity to each air terminal. If the continuity of the system is good, the resistance value at
any given test point should be about the same. Investigate any reading over 3 ohms. Note: Tests
can also be performed from ground rod to nearest corner air terminal and from that corner
terminal to the other corner terminals.
A7.6. Testing for Static Bus Bars. Test static bus bars by connecting one lead of a digital
ohmmeter to a ground rod of the facility grounding system. Connect the other lead (in turn) to all
the free ends of the bus bar. Bolted connections between bus bar sections are not considered free
ends. Figure A7.5 shows how a typical static bus bar test is performed. Investigate any reading
more than 3 ohms and correct it. Perform a visual inspection to ensure materials and connections
are in good condition.
A7.7. Conductive Floor Tests. Before using test instruments, be sure the room is free of
exposed explosives. To determine floor resistance, measure between two electrodes placed 3 feet
(0.91 meter) apart anywhere on the floor. Each electrode shall weigh 5 pounds (2.27 kilograms)
and have a dry, flat circular surface area 2.5 inches (63.5 millimeters) in diameter. The resistance
between an electrode placed anywhere on the floor and a ground connection shall not be less
than 25,000 ohms. For more information see IEEE Std 142 and NFPA 99.
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 93

Figure A7.5. Testing Static Bus Bars in Typical Explosives Area.

94 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Figure A7.6. Sample Visual Inspection Form.

XX Civil Engineer Squadron Visual Inspection of Lightning Protection and Grounding
System. (For visual inspections only, fill out the first half of the form. There will be no
resistance readings unless follow-up test is required from a previous poor reading or if
repair is necessary at a test point. Document the retest and repairs in “Discrepancies or
Test Notes” below.)
Building ____________

Inspection Inspector’s
Date of day/month/year Initials
Inspection: Performed By:
Yes No Visual Inspection of Lightning Protection System
Is the lightning protection system in good repair? IAW AFMAN 32-1065, Section B, para. 9.1, and NFPA
780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (1)
Are there loose connections that might cause high-resistance joints? IAW AFMAN 32-1065, Section B,
para. 9.2, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (2)
Has corrosion or vibration weakened any part of the lightning protection system? IAW AFMAN 32-1065,
Section B, para. 9.3, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (3)
Are down conductors, roof conductors, and ground terminals intact? IAW AFMAN 32-1065, Section B,
para. 9.4, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (4)
Are braided bonding wires excessively frayed? (cross-sectional area reduced by half) IAW AFMAN 32-
1065, Section B, para. 9.5
Are ground wires on the lightning protection masts damaged by lawn mowers or other equipment? IAW
AFMAN 32-1065, Section B, para. 9.6
Are conductors and system components securely fastened to mounting surfaces? IAW AFMAN 32-1065,
Section B, para. 9.7, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (5)
Have additions or alterations to the protected structure required additional protection? IAW AFMAN
32-1065, Section B, para. 9.8, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (6)
Do surge suppression (over voltage) devices appear damaged? IAW AFMAN 32-1065, Section B, para.
9.9, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (7)
Does the lightning protection system comply with applicable sections of NFPA 780 and AFMAN 32-
1065? IAW AFMAN 32-1065, Section B, para. 9.10, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (8)
Is there a counterpoise grounding system Test well ground resistance reading Ω

Soil condition on date of Inspection Ambient Temp °F Test reel resistance reading Ω

Continuity test from test well to static ground system / minus the test reel resistance
Test Resistance Test Resistance Test Resistance Test Resistance Test Resistance Test Resistance
Point Reading Point Reading Point Reading Point Reading Point Reading Point Reading

1 Ω 15 Ω 29 Ω 43 Ω 57 Ω 71 Ω

2 Ω 16 Ω 30 Ω 44 Ω 58 Ω 72 Ω

3 Ω 17 Ω 31 Ω 45 Ω 59 Ω 73 Ω

4 Ω 18 Ω 32 Ω 46 Ω 60 Ω 74 Ω

5 Ω 19 Ω 33 Ω 47 Ω 61 Ω 75 Ω

6 Ω 20 Ω 34 Ω 48 Ω 62 Ω 76 Ω

7 Ω 21 Ω 35 Ω 49 Ω 63 Ω 77 Ω

8 Ω 22 Ω 36 Ω 50 Ω 64 Ω 78 Ω

9 Ω 23 Ω 37 Ω 51 Ω 65 Ω 79 Ω
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 95

10 Ω 24 Ω 38 Ω 52 Ω 66 Ω 80 Ω

11 Ω 25 Ω 39 Ω 53 Ω 67 Ω

12 Ω 26 Ω 40 Ω 54 Ω 68 Ω

13 Ω 27 Ω 41 Ω 55 Ω 69 Ω

14 Ω 28 Ω 42 Ω 56 Ω 70 Ω

Continuity test from test well to lightning protection system / minus the test reel resistance
Test Resistance Test Resistance Test Resistance Discrepancies or System Notes:
Point Reading Point Reading Point Reading

1 Ω 4 Ω 7 Ω

2 Ω 5 Ω 8 Ω

3 Ω 6 Ω Ω

Date of next visual inspection: Date of next 24-month test:

Technician / Inspector Signature:

Facility Point of Contact & Phone Number:

Printed Name / Signature / Date:

Signature of inspection form certifies review and receipt of duplicate inspection form
96 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Figure A7.7. Sample 24-Month Resistance/Continuity Test/Visual Inspection of LPS and

Grounding System.

XX Civil Engineer Squadron 24-Month Resistance/Continuity Test and Visual Inspection

of Lightning Protection and Grounding System

Building _________
Date of Technician/
Tests/Inspection
Tests/Inspec day/month/year Inspector
Performed By:
tion: Initials
Yes No Visual Inspection of Lightning Protection System
Is the lightning protection system in good repair? IAW AFMAN 32-1065, Section B, para. 9.1, and NFPA
780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (1)
Are there loose connections that might cause high-resistance joints? IAW AFMAN 32-1065, Section B,
para. 9.2, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (2)
Has corrosion or vibration weakened any part of the lightning protection system? IAW AFMAN 32-1065,
Section B, para. 9.3, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (3)
Are down conductors, roof conductors, and ground terminals intact? IAW AFMAN 32-1065, Section B,
para. 9.4, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (4)
Are braided bonding wires excessively frayed? (cross-sectional area reduced by half) IAW AFMAN 32-
1065, Section B, para. 9.5
Are ground wires on the lightning protection masts damaged by lawn mowers or other equipment? IAW
AFMAN 32-1065, Section B, para. 9.6
Are conductors and system components securely fastened to mounting surfaces? IAW AFMAN 32-1065,
Section B, para. 9.7, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (5)
Have additions or alterations to the protected structure required additional protection? IAW AFMAN
32-1065, Section B, para. 9.8, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (6)
Do surge suppression (over voltage) devices appear damaged? IAW AFMAN 32-1065, Section B, para.
9.9, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (7)
Does the lightning protection system comply with applicable sections of NFPA 780 and AFMAN 32-
1065? IAW AFMAN 32-1065, Section B, para. 9.10, and NFPA 780, Annex D, para. D.1.2 (8)
Is there a counterpoise grounding system Test well ground resistance reading Ω

Soil condition on date of Inspection Ambient Temp °F Test reel resistance reading Ω

Continuity test from test well to static ground system / minus the test reel resistance
Test Resistance Test Resistance Test Resistance Test Resistance Test Resistance Test Resistance
Point Reading Point Reading Point Reading Point Reading Point Reading Point Reading

1 Ω 15 Ω 29 Ω 43 Ω 57 Ω 71 Ω

2 Ω 16 Ω 30 Ω 44 Ω 58 Ω 72 Ω

3 Ω 17 Ω 31 Ω 45 Ω 59 Ω 73 Ω

4 Ω 18 Ω 32 Ω 46 Ω 60 Ω 74 Ω

5 Ω 19 Ω 33 Ω 47 Ω 61 Ω 75 Ω

6 Ω 20 Ω 34 Ω 48 Ω 62 Ω 76 Ω

7 Ω 21 Ω 35 Ω 49 Ω 63 Ω 77 Ω

8 Ω 22 Ω 36 Ω 50 Ω 64 Ω 78 Ω

9 Ω 23 Ω 37 Ω 51 Ω 65 Ω 79 Ω
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 97

10 Ω 24 Ω 38 Ω 52 Ω 66 Ω 80 Ω

11 Ω 25 Ω 39 Ω 53 Ω 67 Ω

12 Ω 26 Ω 40 Ω 54 Ω 68 Ω

13 Ω 27 Ω 41 Ω 55 Ω 69 Ω

14 Ω 28 Ω 42 Ω 56 Ω 70 Ω

Continuity test from test well to lightning protection system / minus the test reel resistance
Test Resistance Test Resistance Test Resistance Discrepancies or System Notes:
Point Reading Point Reading Point Reading

1 Ω 4 Ω 7 Ω

2 Ω 5 Ω 8 Ω

3 Ω 6 Ω Ω

Date of next visual inspection: Date of next 24-month test):

Technician / Inspector Signature:

Facility Point of Contact & Phone Number:

Printed Name / Signature / Date:

Signature of inspection form certifies review and receipt of duplicate inspection form
98 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Figure A7.8. Sample Static Ground System Layout.

AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 99

Figure A7.9. Sample Layout of Points for Catenary System.

100 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

Figure A7.10. Sample Record for Projected Rolling Sphere Protection (100’ is for
Explosives Facilities – Non-explosives Facilities may be 150’).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 101

Attachment 8
REQUIREMENTS FOR WEAR OF MILITARY UNIFORMS WITH ARC THERMAL
PERFORMANCE VALUE (ATPV) RATED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE)

A8.1. 3E0X1, 3E0X2, 3E1X1 and 3E4X1 personnel must comply with the following PPE and
uniform requirements while working on or near energized circuits:
A8.1.1. Routine Electrical Work not Classified. The following PPE and uniform must be
worn when performing Hazard/Risk Category 0 tasks: (T-0).
A8.1.1.1. Safety glasses (ANSI Z87.1) with side shields or safety goggles (ANSI Z87.1)
must be worn over metal frame and non-safety glasses. (T-0).
A8.1.1.2. 100% cotton or natural fiber underwear (conventional short sleeve t-shirt and
briefs/shorts) must be worn next to the body. T-shirts must not have any organizational
or other insignias. (T-0).
A8.1.1.3. Personnel must wear one of the following uniforms:
A8.1.1.3.1. NFPA-compliant 100% cotton ABU with sleeves rolled down. (T-0).
Note: ATPV-protective clothing is not required when wearing AFUB NFPA-
compliant 100% cotton Airman Battle Uniform (ABU) while performing Hazard/Risk
Category 0 tasks.
A8.1.1.3.2. 50% nylon/50% cotton ABU or Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP)
uniform and ATPV-rated protective shirt (long-sleeve) and pants (or ATPV-rated
protective coveralls) with minimum arc rating of 8 cal/cm2 (33.47 J/cm2). (T-0).
Note: When the 50% nylon/50% cotton ABU or OCP uniform is worn, the blouse
must be removed before donning the ATPV protective clothing.
A8.1.1.4. Review NFPA 70E and UFC 3-560-01 for tasks requiring voltage-rated gloves
with leather protectors. (T-0).
A8.1.1.5. Electrical hazard-rated (EH) work shoes/boots. (T-0).
A8.1.2. Hazard/Risk Categories 1 and 2. Personnel must wear the following PPE and
uniform when performing Hazard/Risk Category 1 and Category 2 tasks:
A8.1.2.1. Safety glasses (ANSI Z87.1) with side shields, or safety goggles (ANSI Z87.1)
worn over metal frame and non-safety glasses. (T-0).
A8.1.2.2. Hearing protection using ear-canal inserts whenever working within the arc
flash boundary. (T-0).
A8.1.2.3. Balaclava/sock with minimum arc rating of 8 cal/cm2 (33.47 J/com2). (T-0).
A8.1.2.4. Hard hat (ISEA Z89.1 Type 1 Class E approved). Long hair must be secured
under the hard hat. For cold weather operations, insulated hard hat liner must be arc
rated. (T-0).
A8.1.2.5. Face shield with minimum arc rating of 8 cal/cm2 (33.47 J/cm2) and wrap-
around guarding to protect the face, forehead, ears, and neck. (T-0).
102 AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020

A8.1.2.6. One-hundred percent (100%) cotton or natural fiber underwear (conventional

short sleeve t-shirt and briefs/shorts) must be worn next to the body. T-shirts must not
have any organizational or other insignias. (T-0).
A8.1.2.7. NFPA-compliant 100% cotton ABU, 100% cotton coverall, OCP uniform or
50% nylon/50% cotton ABU. (T-0). Note: If the 50% nylon/50% cotton ABU or OCP
uniform is worn, the blouse must be removed before donning the ATPV-protective
clothing in paragraph A8.1.2.8
A8.1.2.8. ATPV-rated protective shirt (long-sleeve) and pants (or ATPV-rated protective
coveralls) with minimum arc rating of 8 cal/cm2 (33.47 J/cm2). (T-0).
A8.1.2.9. Leather work gloves or voltage-rated gloves with leather protectors, used in
accordance with NFPA 70E and UFC 3-560-01. (T-0). Note: Do not use voltage-rated
gloves and their leather protectors as work gloves.
A8.1.2.10. Electrical Hazard-rated work shoes or boots. (T-0).
A8.2. The 3E0X1 Air Force specialty is the only authorized civil engineer specialty to work on
or near energized Hazard/Risk Category 3-4 circuits. 3E0X1 personnel must comply with the
following PPE and uniform requirements while working on or near these circuits:
A8.2.1. Follow NFPA 70E and UFC 3-560-01. (T-0).
A8.2.2. NFPA-compliant 100% cotton ABUs or 100% cotton coveralls. (T-0).
A8.3. Base Civil Engineers (BCE) must strictly enforce the wear of ATPV-rated PPE for all
civil engineer personnel working on or near energized electrical circuits. BCEs must develop
written policy outlining procurement and funding of NFPA-compliant 100% cotton ABUs or
100% cotton coveralls for the 3E0X1 Air Force specialty. NFPA-compliant 100% cotton ABUs
are still authorized wear for the 3E0X2, 3E1X1 and 3E4X1 Air Force specialties, but not
mandated. (T-0).
A8.4. Civilian personnel will continue to follow requirements outlined in NFPA 70E and UFC
3-560-01. (T-0).
AFMAN32-1065 17 JULY 2020 103

Table A8.1. Personnel must comply with the below PPE and Uniform Item Requirements:
(T-0).

Flash Suit & Flash Suit Hood

40 cal/cm2 PPE Multilayer
100% Cotton Or Natural
Safety Glasses or Goggles

Fiber Under Shirt/Wear

25 cal/cm2 PPE w/Flash

Hazard/Risk Category

Leather Work Gloves

Voltage Rated Gloves

EH rated Footwear
Hearing Protection

Balaclava/Sock

8 cal/cm2 PPE
Face Shield

Suit Hood
Hard Hat
Uniform
Routi 100% Cotton ABU1
X X X 3
ne (Coverall)
Electri
cal
Work 50/50 Blend ABU2
X X X 3 X
not or OCP Uniform2
Classif
ied
100% Cotton ABU1
(Coverall) or 50/50
1&2 X X X X X X X X 3 X
Blend ABU2 or
OCP Uniform2
100% Cotton ABU1 X
3 X X X X X X 3
(Coverall)
100% Cotton ABU1 X
4 X X X X X X 3
(Coverall)
Notes:
1. When wearing the 100% cotton ABU (coverall), sleeves must be rolled down.
2. When wearing the 50/50 blend ABU or OCP uniform, the blouse must be removed.
3. Voltage rated gloves with leather protectors must be worn in accordance with NFPA 70E and
UFC 3-560-01.