1 SECTION 1 GENERAL

TABLE OF CONTENT

1/1 SITE ESTABLISHMENT .................................................................................... 2

1/2 SITE OFFICE FOR THE ENGINEER ................................................................. 2
1/3 OFFICES AND FACILITIES FOR THE CONTRACTOR..................................... 3
1/4 CONSTRUCTION PLANT & WORKSHOP FOR THE CONTRACTOR .............. 3
1/5 CONTRACTOR’S SITE ORGANISATION.......................................................... 3
1/6 SURVEYING EQUIPMENT ................................................................................ 4
1/7 LABORATORY TESTING .................................................................................. 4
1/8 PROGRAMME OF WORKS ............................................................................... 5
1/9 WORK SITE, SETTING OUT AND CROSSSECTIONS ..................................... 6
1/10 PROJECT SIGN BOARDS ................................................................................ 7
1/11 PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHS.............................................................................. 8
1/12 QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND SUPPLY ......................................................... 8
1/13 APPROVAL BY THE ENGINEER .................................................................... 11
1/14 EXISTING SERVICES AND SERVICE DIVERSIONS ..................................... 11
1/15 PROTECTION AND UPKEEP OF SITE AND ADJACENT AREAS AND
PROPERTIES .................................................................................................. 14
1/16 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, SAFETY AND CONTROL ..................................... 15
1/17 TEMPORARY DIVERSION OF TRAFFIC ........................................................ 16
1/18 FIRE PRECAUTIONS ...................................................................................... 16
1/19 SAFETY OFFICERS ........................................................................................ 17
1/20 CONTRACT DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTS ................................................ 17
1/21 SHOP DRAWINGS, WORKING DRAWINGS, OPERATIONS AND
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................... 18
1/22 RECORD DRAWINGS ..................................................................................... 19
1/23 ACCOMMODATION WORKS .......................................................................... 19
1/24 PUBLICITY ...................................................................................................... 19
1/25 TIDYING AND CLEARING THE SITE .............................................................. 20
1/26 SOIL INVESTIGATION .................................................................................... 20
1/27 WORKS FREE FROM WATER........................................................................ 20
1/28 OTHER CONTRACTORS ON SITE ................................................................. 20
1/29 MAJOR EQUIPMENT AND PLANT ................................................................. 20
1/30 METEOROLOGICAL AND AMBIENT CONDITIONS PREVAILING IN DUBAI . 32

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 1

 2 SECTION 1 GENERAL

1/1 SITE ESTABLISHMENT

1/1.1 The Contractor shall provide sites for the plant and workshops necessary
for the construction of the Works and shall pay any rents, easements and
license fees levied in connection therewith. Roads & Transport Authority’s
(RTA) formal approval to the site for the Contractor’s plant and workshop
must be received prior to occupying the proposed site.

1/1.2 Site offices for the Engineer and the Contractor shall be erected on a site
proposed by the contractor and approved by Roads & Transport Authority
and as shown in the Drawings. No Contractor’s plant and workshops will
be permitted within this compound.

It is the Contractor’s responsibility to obtain all necessary No Objection

Certificate for the occupation of the sites.

1/1.3 The Contractor shall construct suitable entry and exit roads to and within
the compound and provide a covered parking area as specified in
Appendix-C. The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to avoid
storm water flooding within the compound and accesses.

1/1.4 The Engineer’s office shall be erected and fully equipped to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.

1/1.5 Within one month after the Completion of the Whole of the Works and in
accordance with the provisions of Clause 1/2.1 the whole area of the
compound shall be reinstated to its original condition and all rubbish and
refuse removed.

1/1.6 The Contractor’s proposed access routes to and within the site shall be
provided and maintained as agreed with the Engineer. The Engineer may
at any time withdraw his approval for the use of any route and may order
such widening, strengthening or repair work as he considers necessary.

1/1.7 The Contractor shall employ at his own cost watchmen for the security of
the site establishment.

1/2 SITE OFFICE FOR THE ENGINEER

1/2.1 The site offices for the Engineer shall comply with the requirements
included in Appendix-C. The offices shall be available in full working order
to the satisfaction of the Engineer within the period stipulated to
commence the works in the Tender (Clause 4) and remain so until one
month after the Completion of the Whole of the Works.

1/2.2 The Contractor shall retain on site for the exclusive use of the Engineer all
codes and standards referred to in the Specification which shall remain in
the custody of the Engineer for his exclusive use until completion of the
whole of the works but shall remain the property of the Contractor.

1/2.3 All Keys for the Engineer’s site offices shall be held by the Engineer until
such offices are removed.

1/2.4 The Contractor shall, at his own cost, provide the Engineer and his staff

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 2

 3 SECTION 1 GENERAL

with daily cleaning attendance and two full time for serving refreshments,
car cleaning etc.

1/3 OFFICES AND FACILITIES FOR THE CONTRACTOR

1/3.1 The Contractor shall make provision for installation, maintenance and
removal at the completion of the works, of his offices, sheds, and shelters.
He shall provide and maintain at his own cost sanitary facilities on site, first
aid and fire fighting equipment, drinking water facilities, electricity and
telephone for the duration of the Contract.

1/3.2 The Contractor shall be responsible for the security of the site and the
safety of public and adjoining property and shall be liable for any claims
arising from loss or damage suffered. He shall employ watchmen for this
purpose.

1/3.3 All temporary accommodation shall be maintained in an efficient condition

during the period of the Contract and shall be available for inspection by
the Government Medical Officer of Health. The Contractor must comply
immediately with any instruction given by the Medical Officer for cleaning,
disinfestations and maintenance of any building to a hygienic and sanitary
condition.

1/3.4 The Contractor shall confine his apparatus, the storage of materials and
the operations of his workmen to the limits indicated by law, ordinances,
permits or direction of the Engineer. The Contractor shall erect temporary
fences as required by the Engineer. The site boundary lines shall be to the
approval of the Engineer.

1/3.5 The Contractor shall provide and maintain water, electricity and power
required for the works including that required by the Sub-Contractors. Pay
all charges and bear all costs for the necessary temporary installation
including pipework, pumps, water tankers, storage tanks, generating
equipment, etc. and remove on completion and make good all work
disturbed.

1/4 CONSTRUCTION PLANT & WORKSHOP FOR THE CONTRACTOR

1/4.1 The Contractor shall make provision for the installation, maintenance up to
the completion of the works and removal of fully equipped workshops and
stores. The Contractor shall also provide all necessary construction plant,
equipment and tools necessary for the proper execution of the works. Plant
shall include, but not be limited to, concrete and asphalt manufacturing
plant, mobile plant and sundry equipment required for any particular trade
necessary for the execution and completion of the works. All plant and
equipment required for the Contract is subject to the approval of the
Engineer.

1/5 CONTRACTOR’S SITE ORGANISATION

1/5.1 The Contractor shall perform the setting out of the works as described in
the Drawings and Specification.
1/5.2 The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with all necessary assistance in
checking the setting out of the works and interpreting any information used

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 3

 4 SECTION 1 GENERAL

by the Contractor for this purpose including the supply of a minimum 2

chainmen as and when required by the Engineer.
1/5.3 The Contractor shall also provide the Engineer with similar assistance in
carrying out additional surveying works should these be found necessary
for the proper execution of the works.

1/5.4 The Contractor shall also provide all assistance as required by the
Engineer for the measurement of the works for monthly valuation, Monthly
Laboratory Report and for the final payment certificate and also for
recording the progress of the works.

1/5.5 The Contractor shall be responsible for all follow up and co-ordination with
all service authorities (Electricity, Water, Drainage, Street Lighting,
Telephone, Horticulture, etc.).

1/5.6 The Contractor shall provide subject to the approval of the Engineer,
qualified and sufficient number of the Engineers, Quantity Surveyors,
Supervisors, Employees and skilled and non-skilled workmen for his
supervision of the works and site administration.

1/5.7 The Contractor shall provide all unskilled labour and all necessary tools as
directed by the Engineer.

1/5.8 If at any time before the commencement or during the progress of the
work, the Engineer decides that for the proper execution of a specified part
of the works, shop drawings are necessary, these drawings shall be
prepared by the Contractor and submitted to the Engineer for approval
according to sub-section 1/21. Such drawings must be provided at least
14 days prior to the commencement of the relevant work on site.

The Contractor shall not proceed with the above mentioned work until
these shop drawings are approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall
not be entitled to any extra payment or extension of time for the
preparation of the shop drawings.

1/6 SURVEYING EQUIPMENT

1/6.1 The Contractor shall supply and maintain in full working order during the
progress of the works the surveying equipment specified in Appendix-C
herein, and the supply of expendable surveying material as required from
time to time in connection with the works. All equipment specified shall be
new and shall remain in the custody of the Engineer for his exclusive use
until Completion of the Whole of the Works but shall remain the property of
the Contractor.

1/7 LABORATORY TESTING

1/7.1 Testing of all materials and completed works shall be carried out in
accordance with DM Administrative Decision No. 160 for 2000 by:

1 Dubai Municipality – Dubai Central Laboratory (D.C.L) in accordance

with Appendix “A1”.

2 Independent Laboratory in accordance with Appendix “A2”.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 4

 5 SECTION 1 GENERAL

1/7.2 The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with all referenced ASTM, BS
Standards or any other standard indicated or referred to within the testing
requirements of the Contract Specifications.

1/7.3 At least 24 hours notice shall be given to DCL before any tests are to be
carried out.

1/7.4 The contractor must make due allowance for the time required for any
testing within his planning and program.

1/8 PROGRAMME OF WORKS

1/8.1 The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval a Critical Path
Programme and other supporting documentation of the works within the
time stipulated in the Conditions of Contract together with details of
equipment, procedures and method of work which the Contractor intends
to utilize and to follow. Due allowance must be made within the
Programme for:

 Traffic detour scheme preparation, planning, phasing, submittal and

approval.
 Maintenance of accesses to all the residential, recreational,
business and institutional premises affected by the works.
 Any restraints and restrictions imposed by Service Authorities or
the Police.
 Activities of other Contractors (v) The pavement wearing course
and road marking to be laid at such a time to avoid damage by
other construction activities.
 Protection and relocation of existing services as may required
based on the information gathered from Trial Trenches and as
directed by the concerned services authority.
 Obtain NOC’s from all Services Authorities.
 Coordination & cooperation with other Contractors working in the
same area.
 Obtaining approvals from the Engineer & RTA.
 Working during month of Ramadan & works during rainy days.

1/8.2 The Contractor shall in accordance with the Conditions of Contract, submit
a comprehensive plant schedule which shall include the proposed dates of
arrival or establishment on site for each major item. Plant shall not be
brought to or removed from site without prior approval of the Engineer.

1/8.3 In addition to the Critical Path Programme, the Contractor shall if required
by the Engineer provide a detailed bar chart schedule to be used by the
Engineer for monitoring the progress of works.

1/8.4 Furthermore, the contractor shall submit to the Engineer a daily work
Programme showing the activities to be undertaken for the day including
laboratory tests and survey checks at least 1 day in advance.

1/8.5 A monthly progress and material testing reports shall be submitted to RTA

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 5

 6 SECTION 1 GENERAL

roads department. Material report shall contain monthly summaries on

testing, test results, testing frequency and statistical analysis for the results
of the tested material. Also, the material report shall contain a detailed
analysis for the results of tested materials and action taken related to non-
compliance of the test results.

1/8.6 The Contractor has to submit to the Engineer an updated weekly or bi-
weekly progress report based on the approved Clause 14 Programme
using the actual dates and estimated % age completed for each activity.

1/8.7 The contractor is not allowed to give priority in the program for the areas
that have physical obstructions and he has to start the construction for the
open areas.

1/8.8 If the Contractor failed, due to lack or poor details, to get the approval of
the Engineer and RTA on the submitted programme within a period of 90
days from the commencement date of the project, the Contractor's Monthly
Payments may be reduced or completely stopped.

1/9 WORK SITE, SETTING OUT AND CROSSSECTIONS

1/9.1 The Employer, through the Engineer, shall handover to the Contractor the
work site in parts/sections according to priority mentioned in the
programme of work and as detailed on the drawings. The work site means
all land and other locations which the Employer passes to the Contractor to
construct the Works mentioned in the Contract.

1/9.2 The Contractor is responsible for all the setting out of line and levels of the
Works and shall employ adequate qualified staff to carry this out.

1/9.3 Before the commencement of the Works, the Contractor will be supplied
with the information necessary to establish the lines and levels of the
Works. The engineer has to show on the drawings all the survey markers
established but can give no warranty for their existence at the start of the
Contract nor will accept responsibility for replacing any survey markers
found to be missing. Where survey markers have been established by the
Engineer, the Contractor shall check the accuracy of their position and
level and shall immediately notify the Engineer of any discrepancies.
However, it is the Contractor’s sole responsibility to coordinate with Dubai
Municipality Planning & Survey Department and follow their regulations to
get the values (E, N & levels) for sufficient numbers of survey stations
within or near the work site.

1/9.4 All setting out throughout the Works must be related to the Dubai
Municipality Datum Levels. Any Temporary Bench Mark (T.B.M.) to be
fixed on the site shall be tied into the Dubai Municipality Datum.

1/9.5 The Contractor shall, as soon as practicable, supply the Engineer with
records in approved form relating to all reference pegs and bench marks
and shall keep such records up to date by formal notice to the Engineer.

1/9.6 All survey reference pegs shall be carefully preserved except where
construction requires their removal, and before such removal, the approval

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 6

 7 SECTION 1 GENERAL

of the Engineer & DM Planning & Survey Department shall be obtained.

1/9.7 Before commencing work on any section of the Works, the Contractor shall
survey and level the original ground surface and shall prepare plans and
cross-sections accordingly. These shall, when finally agreed, be signed by
the Engineer and Contractor as truly representing the configuration of the
areas in question before the commencement of the Work. The preparation
of the cross-section drawings shall comply with Clause 1/21.

1/9.8 All setting out shall be approved in writing by the Engineer before work
may commence. The centerlines are to be checked by the Dubai
Municipality Survey Section and approved by the Engineer.

1/9.9 When necessary the Contractor shall provide at his expense sufficient and
approved templates for the purpose of controlling the finished shape of
certain work. The templates will be in accordance with the specifications
and drawings where such are provided. All templates must be approved
and shall be maintained in good order to provide the section required for
the entire works. Templates may be checked from time and any
deficiencies noted shall be rectified immediately. The Contractor shall also
supply straight edges and lines when required to control the work.

1/9.10 The Engineer will, if he deems it necessary, revise the line or grade and
will require the Contractor to adjust the stake-out accordingly.

1/9.11 Where directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall take such levels and
dimensions as may be required for the purpose of measurement prior to
disturbance of the ground. These shall be agreed between the Contractor
and the Engineer before any surface is disturbed or covered up.

1/9.12 Any change of the ground elevation resulting from compaction or other
works provided for in the Contract Documents shall be deemed included in
such works and paid for within the tender prices listed in the Bill of
Quantities. The Contractor shall consequently in no way be entitled to any
additional payment or claim whatsoever.

1/10 PROJECT SIGN BOARDS

1/10.1 The Contractor shall provide, supply, erect and maintain the requirements
of the project sign boards at location approved by the Engineer, RTA and
Services Authorities. Minimum two sign boards of project sign boards shall
be provided or as described in the Contract.

1/10.2 Project Sign Boards shall be signwritten by a skilled signwriter or any other
methods approved by the Engineer and RTA to show the details described
in the Contract plus any other relevant details to the approval of the Roads
& Transport Authority and the Engineer.

1/10.3 Within one month of completion of the (Whole of the) Works, and after the
works are handed over to the client and respective services authorities.
The Project Sign Boards shall be dismantled and removed by the
Contractor.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 7

 8 SECTION 1 GENERAL

1/11 PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHS

1/11.1 The Contractor shall arrange to have monthly record photographs of the
Works taken. These photographs shall cover such extent of the Works as
the Engineer shall direct. The days upon which the photographs are taken
shall be decided by the Engineer.

1/11.2 The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with one set of the monthly
progress photographs of digital format with dates marked / imprinted on it.

1/11.3 One set of photos of digital format to be prepared / processed by an

approved professional. A label giving a brief description shall be affixed in
the bottom right-hand corner of each photo. These photos should be
submitted on a CD for easy future reference.

1/11.4 The Copyright of all photographs shall be vested in the Employer and the
negatives and prints shall be delivered to the Engineer within 4 days of
exposure. The photographs shall not be used for any other purpose
whatsoever without the Employer’s approval.

1/12 QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND SUPPLY

1.12.1 Unless otherwise stated or approved by the Engineer all materials used in
the Works shall be new and of the best quality as specified in the Contract.

1/12.2 All materials and equipment specified in the contract documents which are
to be incorporated in the works must be obtained from or through a Dubai
Emirate supplier and or manufacturer who must be registered and licensed
by the Dubai Municipality. If such specified materials or equipment is not
available from the Dubai Emirate market then any other source is
acceptable subjected to the conditions set in the subsections below.

1/12.3 Materials delivered to the Site for the purpose of the Works, shall be
accompanied by a ‘Certificate of Guarantee” signed by the authorised
representative of the manufacturer. Such Certificate shall state that the
materials specifications and test results are in compliance with the
specified requirement of the pertinent designations of the most recent
edition of ASTM or any other approved equivalent National Standard
unless otherwise directed. Falsification of such Certificates, Materials,
Specifications or Test Results shall be just cause for the rejection of the
materials.

1/12.4 The borrow pit location if not designated in the Contract Documents shall
be approved by the Roads & Transport Authority. The Contractor shall
exercise a continuous quality control upon the extracted material to confirm
its suitability for use.

No material shall be supplied to the site before the Engineer’s approval of

the type of equipment which the Contractor intends to use in the borrow
pit, and for the method of work.

1/12.5 The Contractor shall select rock quarries and shall submit laboratory tested
and accepted samples, within two months before their use, in order for the
Engineer to determine their conformity with the related specifications. The
Contractor shall exercise a continuous quality control upon the extracted

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 8

 9 SECTION 1 GENERAL

material to confirm its continued suitability for use.

No material shall be supplied on the site before the Engineer’s approval of

the type of equipment which the Contractor intends to use in the quarry,
and for the method of work.

1/12.6 The Engineer’s acceptance of the materials does not relieve the Contractor
of his total responsibility to carry on with additional investigations in order
to obtain and supply during the progress of the works uniform material
conforming to the Specifications.

1/12.7 The Contractor shall be responsible for payment of royalties, if any, arising
due to obtaining of materials for use in the Works. No separate payment
will be made by the Employer as a royalty for materials for use in the
Works.

1/12.8 Wherever in the Specifications tests on materials, tests on completed work

and construction control tests are called for or implied, they shall be carried
out according to, and the materials shall comply with, the requirements of
the Specifications (latest edition) with the priority of latest edition of
standard shall be as follows:

a. UAE & DM Standards

b. International Standard such as ISO
c. National Standard such as BSI & DIN
d. Others as stated in this Specification such as ASTM, etc.

The Contractor shall provide for the exclusive use of the Engineer copies
of each and any codes of practice, international standards, test methods
etc. relevant to the works. In addition the Contractor shall retain on site for
the use of the Engineer all manufacturers literature relating to all the
products to be used in the works, current BSI Handbook No. 3 and the
Manufacturers installations instructions for all relevant products, materials
components and installations.

1/12.9 Where specific material or equipment is referred to in the Contract, it is

intended only to indicate the acceptable standard. The Contractor may
offer alternative materials or equipment of an equal standard. The
Contractor must submit a statement listing proposed alternatives together
with such information and samples as the Engineer may require to satisfy
himself that the alternatives offered are of equal quality to the items
specified. The cost of submitting such samples will be borne by the
Contractor. Acceptance or rejection of any submitted alternative materials
in no way could entitle the Contractor for any additional cost and/or time
extension or whatsoever.

1/12.10 The Contractor will be required to produce documentary evidence that all
materials which are not available in the local market and which have to be
imported have been ordered sufficiently in advance to ensure that no delay
to the works occur. As soon as orders have been placed, copies of such
orders shall be submitted to the Engineer. The Contractor shall be
responsible for delays as a consequence of late ordering.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 9

 10 SECTION 1 GENERAL

1/12.11 Should the Engineer discover in the Works any materials other than those
approved, he may order their removal from the site and replacement with
approved materials at no cost to the Employer and in compliance with
Standard Specifications.

1/12.12 All specified materials incorporated in the Works shall be fixed or applied
strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s printed instructions.

1/12.13 The Bills of Quantities shall NOT be used as a basis for ordering materials
and the Contractor is entirely responsible for assessing the quantities of
materials to be ordered.

1/12.14 All materials or manufactured items shall be carefully loaded, transported,

unloaded and stored in an approved manner, protected from damage and
exposure to weather or dampness during transit and after delivery to the
Site. Damaged material or manufactured items damaged during and after
fixing in position shall be removed, repaired or replaced by and at the
Contractor’s expense.

1/12.15 The Contractor shall erect and maintain ample temporary and weather
proof sheds for proper storage and protection of his own and sub-
contractor’s materials. Cement and other perishable material shall have
floors raised 150mm off the ground. The Contractor shall clear away on
completion and make good all areas disturbed.

1/12.16 Prior to ordering or delivering any material or manufactured items to the

site, the name and address of the supplier(s) and, where required by the
Engineer, adequate samples, sample schedules and manufacturer’s
certificates of all the materials and goods to be used in the Works shall be
submitted to the Engineer for approval and in the case of rejection further
samples shall be submitted until such are approved. The cost of submitting
all such samples shall be borne by the Contractor. All products/materials
shall have approved National Certificate of conformance similar to B.S.I.
Quality Kite Mark or National Agreement Certificate such as BBA for non-
standard products and systems to be approved by the Engineer and shall
be verified by DCL.

All products/materials shall be certified by Dubai Central Laboratory of

Dubai Municipality (DM) or by an accredited certification body approved by
DMDCL.

1/12.17 If judged necessary by the Engineer, the samples shall be tested for
compliance at DCL in accordance with Appendix A1 or in a laboratory
accredited in accordance with Appendix A2 of this Specification and Dubai
Municipality Administrative Decision No. 160:2000.

1/12.18 All materials and equipment specified in the Contract Documents which
are to be incorporated into the Works must be obtained from or through a
Dubai Emirate Supplier and or Manufacturer who must be registered and
licensed by the Dubai Municipality. If such specified materials or
equipment is not available from the Dubai Emirate then any source is
acceptable subject to approval from the Engineer and RTA.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 10

 11 SECTION 1 GENERAL

1/12.19 Approval of a source does not mean that all the materials in the source is
approved. No source of supply shall be changed without Engineer's prior
approval. Approved samples shall be retained on site for comparison with
products and materials used in the works and shall be removed when no
longer required by the Engineer.

1/12.20 Any material requiring certification as per RTA regulations shall not be
used unless certified by DM-Dubai Central Laboratory or by an accredited
certification body approved by DMDCL.

1/13 APPROVAL BY THE ENGINEER

1/13.1 The Contractor shall give adequate notice in writing to the Engineer
requesting inspection and approval of various stages of construction of the
Works. Unless stated otherwise in the Contract a notice period of not less
than four hours of normal working time shall be given before the work is
ready for final inspection. The Contractor shall supply printed forms for this
purpose. Further stages of work shall not proceed until the Contractor has
received the written approval of the Engineer.

1/13.2 The Contractor shall give the Engineer details of the source of materials to
be incorporated into the Works. Reasonable notice must be given by the
Contractor to allow the Engineer to carry out such tests and enquiries as
may be appropriate before giving approval.

1/13.3 When items to be incorporated into the Works are to be manufactured or

fabricated off-site the Contractor shall give the Engineer not less than
seven days notice in writing of the commencement of such work.

1/13.4 Where the approval of the Engineer is required under this specification,
such approval shall not in anyway relieve the Contractor of his duties or
responsibilities under the Contract.

1/14 EXISTING SERVICES AND SERVICE DIVERSIONS

1/14.1 The positions of all public and privately owned services shown on the
drawings have been based on the records of various utilities and Public
Authorities and must be regarded as approximate. The Contractor must
verify this information and satisfy himself as to the exact nature and
position of all such apparatus. The Engineer does not guarantee the
accuracy of the information given on the drawings and no warranty is given
or implied.

1/14.2 The Contractor shall take into account the current laws and Latest
recommended measures regarding the safety of service lines, together
with any amendment or additions thereto. The Contractor shall include in
his tender for anything in these laws considered to have a monetary value.

1/14.3 The cost of locating or verifying the location of existing services, liaison
with the various Service Authorities and complying with the above shall be
borne by the Contractor unless provided for elsewhere in the Contract.

1/14.4 Before opening the ground for any purpose, the Contractor must notify all

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 11

 12 SECTION 1 GENERAL

concerned parties by issue of formal “Notice of Intent” and must obtain

information by Formal Notice regarding the location of all services. The
Complete responsibility for obtaining this information rests with the
Contractor.

1/14.5 Notice of Intent” shall be circulated to all concerned parties including the
following: Roads & Transport Authority Roads Department Dubai Electricity
and Water Authority Emirates Telecommunication Corporation. Roads &
Transport Authority Street Lighting Section Dubai Municipality Drainage
and Irrigation Department Roads & Transport Authority Horticulture
Section Consultants for Water, Electricity and Drainage Departments.

1/14.6 Drawings and notices shall be sent in duplicate one of which shall be
retained by the addressee and the other returned to the sender duly
marked to show underground services. “Notice of Intent” will be given 14
(fourteen) days in advance of the proposed Works. In the event that the
work is not started within 8 (eight) weeks of the date of the “Notice of
Intent”, it will be deemed to have lapsed. A further Notice of Intent will then
be submitted.

1/14.7 The Contractor shall furnish copies of the above Notices of Intent to the
Engineer. The Contractor shall acquaint himself with the position of all
existing services and must obtain clearance from the relevant authority
before commencing any work in a particular area. Written evidence of such
clearance shall be provided to the Engineer by the Contractor. If any
underground service is encountered unexpectedly, excavation shall cease,
and the Engineer’s Representative shall be notified immediately.
Emergency work, as necessary, shall be put in hand without delay and
without prejudice to the indemnity of the Employer.

1/14.8 The Contractor shall prepare records and CAD drawings showing position,
levels and types of each existing service including manholes, joint boxes
and inspection chambers etc. All record drawings shall be prepared using
a Computer Aided Drafting program approved by the Engineer.

CD’s containing the drawings data to be supplied to the Engineer in the

approved digital format for incorporation in the final record drawings.

1/14.9 The Contractor shall take any and all measures reasonably required by
any public or concerned Authority for the support and full protection of all
mains, pipes, cables and other apparatus during the progress of the
Works, and shall construct and provide to the satisfaction of the Authority
concerned, all works necessary for the prevention of damage or
interruption of services.

If in the execution of the Works, by reason of any subsidence caused by,

or any act of neglect or default of the Contractor, any damage to any
apparatus or any interruption of, or delay to the provision of any service is
caused, the Contractor shall report it to the Engineer immediately and bear
and pay the cost reasonably incurred by the Authority concerned in making
good such damage and shall make full compensation to the Authority for
any loss, sustained by reason of such interruption or delay.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 12

 13 SECTION 1 GENERAL

1/14.10 The Contractor shall familiarize himself and all his employees with the
dangers of working in or near live sewers and at sewage treatment works;
in particular the risks of physical injury from the exposure to poisonous
gases, of bacterial infection from contact with sewage and of exposure to
poisonous gases, which may be given off by the sewage. Hydrogen
sulphide and methane are prevalent in the sewers in Dubai, and can exist
in excavations where septic sewage from collection tanks is allowed to
seep into groundwater. In the context of this clause the term sewer
includes irrigation mains and drains carrying ground water and/or storm
water.

1/14.11 The Contractor shall, at all times during the progress of the Works, afford
facilities to properly accredited agents of any Public or Utility Authority for
access to all or any of their apparatus situated in or under the site, as may
be necessary for inspecting, reporting, maintaining, removing, renewing or
altering such apparatus in connection with the construction of the Works or
any other purpose whatsoever.

1/14.12 The Contractor will be fully responsible for ensuring observance of the
above regulations of his sub-contractors.

1/14.13 Where any utility or service works are to be constructed under a separate
contract by the Employer within the Site and concurrent with the execution
of the Works, the Contractor shall cooperate with the other Contractor and
shall coordinate his construction operations to avoid interference with the
other Contractor’s operations.

1/14.14The Contractor shall prepare and furnish all necessary shop drawings of
the works required to complete the adjustment of apparatus to finished
grade or specified level. The drawings must be approved by the concerned
Utility Authorities and the Engineer prior to commencement of any work at
the site. Measurement shall be for each utility facility adjusted to finish
grade or level approved by the Engineer.

The Contractor must allow in his rates for services installations for the
production of combined service drawings covering the whole of the
Contract area. The drawings must show both existing services located by
trial pits and coordinated by survey and all proposed new services. The
drawings are to identify interface problems prior to production of working
drawings.

Drawings must be prepared using a Computer Aided Drafting program

approved by the Engineer, Diskettes containing the drawing data of the
original service locations and those containing the drawing data of the
relocated original services and of the new service locations together with
their protection area to be supplied to the Engineer for incorporation in the
final record drawings in the approved digital format.

1/14.15 The Contractor shall prepare CADD shop drawings for utility protection
work and obtain the approval of the appropriate Authority and Engineer
before commencing with construction.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 13

 14 SECTION 1 GENERAL

1/14.16 The Contractor shall relocate certain utilities to service reservation areas
as specified in the Contract. This work may only include the construction of
necessary protective housing (e.g. box culverts, slabs, concrete encased
sleeves etc.) in the service reservation areas for utility lines to be
relocated, or this work may include necessary protective housing as
described above and, in addition the relocation of specific utility lines to the
service reservation areas. In both cases the Contractor shall complete the
necessary survey to establish the lines and levels, prepare shop drawings
and submit them to the Engineer for his review and approval. The
Contractor shall obtain approval from the concerned Authority before
commencing this work.

1/14.17 Any public or private service for water, electricity, drainage, etc. affected
by the Works shall not be interrupted without the written permission of the
Engineer. Such permission will be withheld until suitable approved
permanent or temporary alternative service has been provided by the
Contractor or by the owner of the utility or his agents.
1/14.18 For temporary traffic diversions as may be required for the construction of
road crossings, full liaison with the Roads & Transport Authority and Dubai
Police shall be required and the requirements of Clause 1/16 and 1/17
complied with.
1/14.19 Due allowance (s) must be given by the Contractor when preparing the
Programme of Works to comply with this Clause 1/14.

1/14.20 The contractor shall comply with the latest specifications set by various
services authorities for the provision of new services and/or locating,
relocating, protecting, diverting of the existing services.

1/14.21 The contractor shall survey of all the existing services corridors in the
vicinity of the project limits and submit it to the Engineer for approval, in
particular, the gas pipelines reservation which may run along the boundary
of the project if any. No temporary road works are to be undertaken over
the gas pipelines or below DEWA overhead power lines without obtaining
an NOC from the proper service authority. The use of heavy equipment
shall be limited to where no impact can be caused to the gas pipeline or
other services.

Any damage to the services within these areas shall be reported

immediately to the concerned authority and then repaired as per the
approved method of construction at the cost of the contractor and to the
satisfaction of the relevant services authority as described in section 1 of
these specifications.

1/15 PROTECTION AND UPKEEP OF SITE AND ADJACENT AREAS AND

PROPERTIES
1/15.1 The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to protect buildings,
fences, roads, passages, culverts and other apparatus if found and he
shall not demolish or remove any of these works except according to
specific instructions by the Engineer. In the case of existence of buildings,
ditches, excavations or any other work adjacent to the Site, the Contractor
shall make necessary arrangements and take precautions for their support
and protection at his own expense.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 14

 15 SECTION 1 GENERAL

1/15.2 The responsibility lies with the Contractor for the repair and return to the
previous condition of items to which the Contractor’s works have caused
damage. Also, also, it is the responsibility of the contractor to tie-in the new
footpath if any, to the existing footpath, smoothly and neatly and to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.

1/15.3 The Contractor shall not be permitted to use earth works of already
executed roads. Also, the contractor shall extend all ducts out of the
asphalt works wherever required and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

1/15.4 It is the Contractor’s responsibility to ensure that continuous access is

maintained to all properties adjacent to the works throughout the Contract
period to the Engineer’s satisfaction.

1/15.5 In pursuance of his obligations under the Conditions of Contract, the

Contractor shall whenever required or directed by the Engineer cover up
and protect the works from weather and from damage by his own or other
workmen performing subsequent operations. He shall provide all
necessary dust sheets, hoardings, barriers and guard rails, waterways, etc.
and clear away same at completion. The Contractor shall take all
reasonable and proper steps for the protection of all places on or about the
works which may be dangerous to his workmen or any other persons or to
traffic. The Contractor shall provide and maintain warning signs, warning
lamps and barricades as necessary in all such places.

1/15.6 The Contractor shall furnish and place fresh or brackish water at his own
expense for dust control when and where construction operations require it
and at locations where specifically directed by the Engineer due to
conditions created by the Contractor or his construction operations.

1/15.7 Existing roads, accesses to houses, buildings, etc., and any new roads,
whether part of the Works or not, which are being used by the Contractor’s
constructional traffic shall be kept clean and clear of all dirt, mud and
material dropped from vehicles or from tyres and any damage caused shall
be repaired at the Contractor’s expense. The Contractor shall provide,
maintain and use as directed by the Engineer, suitable equipment
including mechanical road sweepers solely for this purpose throughout the
course of the works.

1/15.8 The contractor shall prepare road furniture inventory before

commencement of works and shall hand over to the client all materials
removed from the site as per this inventory (scrap reusable).

1/16 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, SAFETY AND CONTROL

1/16.1 The Contractor shall provide, erect and maintain such traffic signs, lamps,
barriers, traffic control signals, lighting units, road markings and other such
measures as may be necessary for the construction of the works.

1/16.2 The Contractor shall, after consultation with Engineer and all concerned
departments in RTA, prepare a scheme of traffic management for carrying
out the works. Such proposals shall be submitted to the Engineer for his

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 15

 16 SECTION 1 GENERAL

written approval not less than 30 days before the planned implementation
of each proposal. Prior to commencing any individual diversion or traffic
control the Contractor shall provide to the Engineer details of his overall
scheme of traffic control or diversions for the entire project giving his
programme of diversions etc. All diversions must be approved by the
Traffic Police and Roads & Transport Authority Roads Department prior to
implementation.

1/16.3 The Contractor shall not commence any work which affects the public
highway until all approved traffic safety measures conforming to RTA
Standards are fully operational to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

1/16.4 Temporary traffic signs conforming to RTA Standards and approved by

Roads & Transport Authority Roads Department shall be of good design
and sound construction using reflective sign face material. They shall have
a minimum face dimension of 900mm.
1/16.5 The Contractor shall maintain all signs, lamps, barriers, traffic control
signals and road markings in a clean and legible condition and shall
position, re-position, cover or remove them as required by the progress of
the works.

1/16.6 The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for complying with the
requirements of and coordinating with the Dubai Police Traffic Department
and Roads & Transport Authority Roads Department in relation to the
above.

1/16.7 Traffic diversion is a lump sum item and will be paid as per the Contract
BOQ without any possibility for any claims whosoever due to change of the
scope. The Contractor has to consider this work and any expected
requirements as part of the Contractor's risks.

1/17 TEMPORARY DIVERSION OF TRAFFIC

1/17.1 The Contractor shall construct temporary diversion ways wherever the
construction of the works will interrupt existing public or private roads or
rights of way.

1/17.2 Diversions must be constructed in advance of any interference with the

existing right of way and the subsequent traffic management, safety and
control must be in accordance with Clause 1/16 and as directed by the
Engineer.

1/17.3 The contractor is fully responsible for diversions maintenance and he shall
undertake whatever is necessary to maintain all diversions fully operational
i.e. 24 hours a day and over the entire period of the project.

1/18 FIRE PRECAUTIONS

1/18.1 Adequate precautions shall be taken against fire throughout all the
Contract’s and Subcontractor’s operations. Quantities of flammable
materials on site shall be kept to an absolute minimum, and shall be
properly handled and stored. Gasoline and other flammable liquids as well

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 16

 17 SECTION 1 GENERAL

as pressurized gas tanks shall be stored in and dispensed from safety

containers; however, storage of such containers shall not be within the
offices building. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Contractor shall
not permit fires to be built or open type heating devices to be used in any
part of the work.

1/18.2 Construction practices, including cutting and welding, and protection of

adjacent materials during construction shall be in accordance with good
standard practices for such work. The Contractor shall provide a sufficient
number of approved portable fire extinguishers distributed around the
buildings and construction site.

1/18.3 The Contractor shall make arrangements for periodic inspection by the
local fire authority and shall co-operate with said authority to promptly carry
out their recommendations at his own expense.

1/19 SAFETY OFFICERS

1/19.1 The Contractor shall inform the Engineer in writing within two weeks of the
start of works the names of responsible people resident on the site who will
be undertaking the duties of Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors on
Site. The Contractor shall also provide detailed written responsibilities and
duties of the safety officers and safety supervisors to the engineer and
shall be subjected to the Engineer approval. Safety Officers shall be in
continuous attendance on site 24 hours a day, one in the day shift and one
in the night shift, throughout the Contract period.

1/20 CONTRACT DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTS

1/20.1 The Works shall be executed in accordance with the Drawings, other
contract drawings and other such information that may be issued or
approved by the Engineer. The Contractor will be furnished with one set of
transparencies of the original drawings, in addition to an extra digital copy
of the drawings free of charge.

The works shall be executed in accordance with the drawings, other

contract drawings and other such information that may be issued or
approved by the Engineer.

The Contract documents are complementary and represent one unit and
any requirements mentioned in any part of the documents are considered
as mentioned in all other parts. If there is any discrepancy between the
different parts of the Contractor documents, the Engineer is the sole party
who has the authority to interpret and clarify the action to be taken and this
will not, at any case, entitle the Contractor for any additional cost or time
extension or whatsoever.

The Contractor will be furnished with A3 size of the Contract drawings in

addition to an extra digital copy on a CD free of charge.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 17

 18 SECTION 1 GENERAL

1/21 SHOP DRAWINGS, WORKING DRAWINGS, OPERATIONS AND

MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

1/21.1 For any work or part thereof as requested, the Contractor shall supply four
(4) copies of shop/working drawings for approval by the Engineer. All
working drawings shall be A1 size folded to A4 size. An extra digital copy
of the working drawings should be submitted on a CD for easy future
reference or for further extra copy production.

1/21.2 For all above mentioned drawings, the Engineer shall return to the
Contractor one (1) copy with any necessary corrections for resubmittal or
marked with approval.

1/21.3 At the end of the project, the Contractor shall submit to the engineer 2 sets
of printed copies and one digital copy on a CD for all the approved shop
drawings.

Monthly progress report as well as final materials reports both containing

the prescribed summary of testing frequency shall be submitted to the
Engineer and RTA for review.

1/21.4 In additions, the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with all information,
scale drawings and every assistance so that the Engineer can prepare
drawings of work as executed to form a complete record of the finished
work.

All drawings must be prepared using a Computer Aided Drafting system

approved by the Engineer.

Drawings shall be plotted by the Contractor as required by the

Specification.

Diskettes containing the drawings data are to be supplied to the Engineer

in the approved digital format.

1/21.5 The Contractor shall record the exact location of all services apparatus
excavated during the works and shall submit drawings to the Engineer
showing such information for incorporation by the Engineer into the Record
Drawings.

1/21.6 The cost related to the production of the drawings, either during
construction or at the time of delivery of the final account (for which 1
negative + 3 copies of all attachments are necessary), shall be borne
directly by the Contractor, and no separate payment shall be in anyway
considered.

1/21.7 Within sixty (60) days of the date of field staking, the Contractor shall
submit to the Engineer for his approval the plotting of the original and final
earthwork cross-sections, together with the area and volumetric earthwork
computations.
1/21.8 The Contractor’s cross-section shall be on transparent cross-section
sheets for print reproduction. CD’s containing the drawings data are to be
supplied to the Engineer in the approved digital format.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 18

 19 SECTION 1 GENERAL

1/21.9 On final approval of the Contractor’s cross-sections, the Contractor shall

give the Engineer the original transparent tracings and three (3) prints of
the same along with approved volumetric earthwork computations (in A4
size and bound). The contractor shall also supply to the engineer all data
and drawings on CD’s in the approved digital format If the Contractor fails
or refuses to submit cross-sections within the specified time, the Engineer
may withhold payment for all or any part of the earthwork quantities
involved. All cross-sections shall be plotted on A1 size Drawing folded to
A4 size.

1/22 RECORD DRAWINGS

1/22.1The Contractor is fully responsible for preparing the as built drawings for
the whole works undertaken within the project scope of work.. The
contractor, in close coordination with the Engineer, shall prepare accurate
record drawings showing works as executed complete with existing and
finished levels (top invert and formation levels plans cross and longitudinal
sections locations of all junctions manholes inlets, extent of concrete bed
and structures and all other measures necessary to form a complete
pictorial record of the finished work).

The exact locations with dimensions of existing and new service ducts,
cables, pipes, etc shall be clearly shown on the drawings. All negatives of
record drawings prepared by the Engineer shall be dated and signed by
the Contractor and the Engineer as being a true record of the Works ‘as-
built”. The contractor shall also provide to the engineer all data and
drawings on CD’s in the approved digital format.

The final payment certificate will not be issued to the contractor until all the
above have been received by the Engineer.

1/23 ACCOMMODATION WORKS

1/23.1 The Contractor will be responsible for making all necessary arrangements
with owners and occupiers for carrying out accommodation works,
including, where necessary, access onto or across private land.

1/23.2 Where, in the opinion of the Engineer, the convenience or amenity of an

owner or occupier or of the public generally is affected by the Works, the
Engineer may order the Contractor to complete any accommodation work,
or part of an accommodation work, with the utmost expediency and
irrespective of the Contractor’s overall programme for the Works.

1/24 PUBLICITY
1/24.1 The Contractor or any agents or servants in his employ shall not give any
information concerning Works for publication in the press or on radio,
television or cinema screen or elsewhere without the written approval of
the Engineer.

1/24.2 No advertisements shall be erected within the Site by the Contractor or any
subcontractor without written approval of the Employer. Should any
advertisement be erected within the site without such prior approval the
Engineer may instruct the Contractor to remove it forthwith. Should such

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 19

 20 SECTION 1 GENERAL

an instruction fail to be carried out within 24 hours, the Engineer may

remove the advertisement and charge the cost to the Contractor.

1/24.3 All advertisement within the site shall be removed within one month of the
date of Certificate of Substantial Completion of the Works, unless the
Employer agrees in writing for any advertisement to remain for a further period.

1/25 TIDYING AND CLEARING THE SITE

1/25.1 The Contractor shall maintain the Site in a clean and orderly condition free
from accumulation of waste materials and rubbish during the entire
construction period to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

1/25.2 On completion the entire site within the Right of Way are to be cleared of
all construction materials and temporary buildings, etc. to the satisfaction
of the Engineer.

1/26 SOIL INVESTIGATION

1/26.1 Any information given about soils investigations carried out is for the
Contractor’s assistance only. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to check
and confirm the existing ground conditions and in particular the likelihood
of encountering water during the course of sub-surface construction.

1/27 WORKS FREE FROM WATER

1/27.1 Except where in the opinion of the Engineer, the route of the work
necessitates underwater construction, the Contractor shall execute all
works in the dry, and shall construct any temporary drains, water courses,
pumping and other works that may be necessary for the purpose. The
Contractor shall have included for the cost of all operations necessary to
comply with this Clause within his tender.

1/28 OTHER CONTRACTORS ON SITE

1/28.1 The Contractor must extent full cooperation by way of liaison and
coordination with other Contractors who may be operating within the site of
the works engaged in essential work for the Government of Dubai.

1/29 MAJOR EQUIPMENT AND PLANT

1/29.1 GENERAL

Equipment shall mean, where mentioned in these Specifications, all

machines, tools, equipment and all necessary parts for its operation and
maintenance. Also, the laboratory tools and instruments and/or equipment
necessary for the proper construction of the road and the proper
completion of all the works.

The Contractor, shall submit, as stipulated in the “Instructions to Tenderer”

a detailed list of plant equipment which he shall undertake to bring to the
site to carry out the work. The list shall include for each piece of
equipment, the type, size, quantity, manufacturer, model, identification
number and year of manufacture. The Contractor shall supply all plant and

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 20

 21 SECTION 1 GENERAL

equipment necessary for the construction of each phase of the work and it
must be on the site, inspected and approved by the Engineer prior to the
commencement of the particular phase of work. Any plant or equipment of
portion thereof, which becomes worn or defective shall be immediately
repaired or replaced to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

1/29.2 COMPACTING EQUIPMENT

The compaction equipment for earthwork may be towed or self-propelled

and shall include a suitable combination of tamping rollers, grid rollers,
segmented pad rollers, vibrating rollers, pneumatic rollers and other
compaction equipment that can satisfactorily and uniformly obtain the
required compaction.

i Tamping or Sheepfoot Rollers:

Tamping or sheepfoot rollers shall consist of metal rollers, drums,
or shells surrounded by metal studs with tamping feet projecting not
less than sixteen and one-half (16.5) centimeters from the surface
of the roller, drum or shell. Tamping feet shall be spaced not less
than fifteen (15) centimeters or more than thirty (30) centimeters
measured diagonally centre to centre and the cross section area of
each tamper foot, measured perpendicularly to the axis of the stud,
shall be not less than twenty-five and eight-tenths (25.8) square
centimeters. The weight of tamping rollers shall be such that when
fully loaded, the load on each tamper foot will be determined by
dividing the total weight of the roller (loaded) by the number of
tamper feet in one (1) row parallel to the axis of the roller.

ii Pull-Type Steel Rollers:

Pull-type steel rollers shall have not less than one and two-tenths
(1.2) meter effective width of roller and shall be designed and
constructed so that the weight per linear centimeter of roller can be
varied from thirty five and seven-tenths (35.7) kilograms to at least
fifty-three and six-tenths (53.6) kilograms.

iii) Self-Propelled Steel Rollers:

The power mechanism shall be capable of propelling the roller
smoothly and without jerking when starting, stopping, or reversing
directions free from backlash, loose link motion, faulty steering
mechanism and worn king bolts. The steering mechanism shall
have no lost motion, shall operate readily and permit the roller to be
directed on the alignment desired. The faces of all rollers shall be
smooth and free from defects which mark the finished road surface.
Rollers shall be equipped with water tanks and sprinkling devices
which shall be used for wetting the roller to prevent adherence of
the placed material.

Two-axle tandem steel rollers shall weigh not less than eight (8)
tones or more than twelve (12) tones and shall have a weight per
centimeter width of roll between 35 Kg and 70 Kg.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 21

 22 SECTION 1 GENERAL

Three axle tandem steel rollers shall weigh not less than eleven
(11) tons. Three axle tandem roller shall be so constructed that the
roller, when locked in position for all treads to be in one plane, are
held with a rigidity which will satisfy the following test under full
load; with the weight of the roller supported on the central roller, the
tread of the central roller shall not be more than three (3)
millimeters above the plane tangent to the tread of the end roller.
With the weight of the roller supported on the end rollers, the tread
of the central roller shall not be more than six (6) millimeters below
the plane tangent to the treads of the end roller.

iv) Trench Rollers:

The trench roller shall be of an approved type and shall weigh not
less than fifty-three and six tenth (53.6) kilograms per centimeter of
width and shall be equipped with water and sprinkling device that
shall be used for wetting the roller to prevent adherence of the
placed material.

iv) Pneumatic-Tyred Rollers:

The tyres on the front and rear axles shall have wide smooth treads
and shall be staggered to provide complete coverage of the entire
area which the roller travels. The tyres shall be inflated to a
pressure that has been approved by the Engineer and the pressure
shall be reasonably uniform in all tyres. The Contractor shall
provide a suitable gauge for determining air pressure in the tire.
Light self-propelled pneumatic-tyred rollers shall be so constructed
so that they may be loaded to provide a gross weight of at least
forty (40) kilograms per centimeter of width of tire tread.
Heavy self-propelled pneumatic-tyred rollers shall be constructed
so that they can be loaded to provide a gross weight of not less
than twenty five (25) tones and they shall have tyre pressures of 6-
6.3 Kg/Cm2.

vi) Vibration Compactors: Equipment using principle of vibration as a

tamping force shall be in good mechanical condition and shall be
capable of transmitting forceful vibrations or impacts to the various
materials placed in construction. The equipment may be the roller
or pad type or a combination of roller and pad type. Vibrating
compactors shall be of the type and force approved by the
Engineer.

1/29.3 HAULING AND WEIGHING EQUIPMENT

i) Hauling Equipment:
Hauling equipment for aggregate shall consist of vehicles having dump
bodies suitable for dumping materials in a windrow or in spreader boxes.
The bodies shall be so constructed that their volume measurement can be
accurately determined. They shall be so constructed and maintained to
prevent loss of materials during hauling operations.

The equipment shall be provided with dump controls that can be operated
from the driver’s seat. The bodies of hauling equipment using public roads
shall be fitted with tarpaulins to prevent the nuisance of spillage.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 22

 23 SECTION 1 GENERAL

ii) Weighing Equipment:

Weighing equipment for truck-hauled material shall consist of accurate and
reliable platform scales and they shall be accurate to one percent throughout
the range of use. The scale shall have a platform of adequate length to
weigh the longest truck or truck-trailer combination which is in use on the
Project, in one operation. Scales shall be inspected and sealed or certified
by an approved scale company, as often as the Engineer deems necessary
to ensure their accuracy. The seal or certification shall show the date of the
inspection. Where no approved scale company exists or at the option of the
Engineer, the Contractor shall check and adjust the scale in the presence of
the Engineer in the method recommended by the manufacturer and/or
approved by the Engineer. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to have
sufficient standard test weights for each scale on the Site.

The Engineer, as often as he deems it is necessary, shall direct the

Contractor to check and adjust any scale on site to ensure its accuracy. The
Contractor, shall when directed by the Engineer, make weight comparisons
with other permanently located scale that met with the approval of the
Engineer. These weight comparisons shall be for the purpose of providing
information on the performance of the Contractor’s scale and will not be
used as a basis for adjusting the scale.

The approaches to the scale platform shall be maintained by the Contractor

to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall furnish a suitable weather tight building to enclose the
indicating mechanism and shall have adequate lighting for the scale
operator’s use.
The Contractor shall on hand not less than ten (10) twenty-five (25) kilogram
weights for testing the scale.

iii) Controlled Water Distribution Equipment:

Equipment for distribution of water shall consist of distributors or tanks
equipped with spray bars and, when required, pumps to operate under
pressure. The pumps shall be of sufficient capacity to provide uniform and
adequate distribution. They shall be mounted on pneumatic-tyre trailers
pulled by pneumatic-tyred equipment. The minimum capacity of any tank
shall be four (4) cubic metres where applicable.

The distributor equipment shall be constructed to permit accurate and

uniform distribution of the desired quantities of water per unit of surface
area. The control valves shall be constructed to permit full closing and to
prevent leakage. The water control valves shall be constructed to operate
from the driver’s seat or provisions made for an additional operator to
operate the control valve while the equipment is traveling at the proper
speed for distribution.
1/29.4 MAIN PLANT FOR BITUMINOUS PAVING WORKS

i) Equipment for Heating Bituminous Materials:

Equipment for heating bituminous materials shall be of adequate capacity to
heat the material properly by circulating the bituminous material around the
system of heated coils or pipes, or by circulating the bituminous material
through a system of coils or pipes enclosed in a heated jacket or other

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 23

 24 SECTION 1 GENERAL

approved means.

The heating device shall be constructed so that it will prevent the direct
flame from a burner from striking the surface of the coils, pipes or jackets
through which the bituminous material is circulated. The heating device shall
not be operated in a manner that will injure the bituminous material.

Tankers or trucks received on the work which have defective coils, or from
which the coils have been removed, will be rejected by the Engineer unless
some satisfactory auxiliary means can be provided by the Contractor for the
heating of the bituminous material without the introduction or moisture. The
use of any equipment for the agitation of bituminous material to aid in
heating will be prohibited if it injures or in any way changes the
characteristics of the bituminous material or introduces free steam or
moisture into the tank containing the bituminous material.

Tanker or truck connections for transferring bituminous material from tankers

to distributors, supply tanks, or storage tanks shall be constructed so that
they cannot be used for any other purpose. The use of a tanker or truck
connection or any other equipment by means of which free steam can be
introduced directly into the bituminous materials as a means of agitation or
auxiliary heating will be prohibited.

ii) Bitumen Distributor Equipment:

Equipment for the distribution of bituminous materials shall be equipped with

the following appliances or devices:

Tachometers-Pressure Gauge -Adjustable Length Spray Bars -Separate

Power Unit & Pump on distributing System -Heating Coils and Burner -
Thermometer well and Accurate Thermometer -Measuring Sticks -Quick
Opening Gate in dome

All distributors and supply tanks shall be mounted on dependable motor

trucks or trailers equipped with pneumatic tyres. The units shall be so
designed to ensure that no rutting or other injury to the road surface will
result. The distributor shall have pneumatic tyres of such width and number
that the load produced on the road surface shall not exceed one hundred
and ten (110) kilograms per linear centimeter of the width. They will be
sufficiently powered to maintain the desired speed of the equipment during
operation.

The manometer designating the speed of the truck shall be a separate

operating unit attached to the truck equipped with a larger gauge
approximately fourteen (14) centimeters in diameter and graduated in units
so that the speed of the trucks can be determined within limits of
approximately three (3) metres per minute or equivalent thereto. The gauge
shall be so located that it can be easily read at all times by the driver of the
distributor.
The distributor shall be equipped with either a tachometer, calibrated to
indicate revolutions per minute, attached to the pump shaft or a pressure
gauge, calibrated to indicate kilograms per square centimeter placed in the
distributing system, by which the flow of bitumen may be regulated.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 24

 25 SECTION 1 GENERAL

The spray bars shall be constructed to permit adjustment for length in

increments of thirty (30) centimeters for any length up to seven (7) metres, to
permit vertical adjustment of all nozzles to the desired height above the road
surface conforming to the roadway crown, and to permit lateral shifting of the
entire spray bar during operation. The spray bars and nozzles shall be
constructed to prevent clogging of the nozzle during the intermittent
operation and to provide positive and immediate cut-off when distribution of
oil ceases, thus preventing dripping of oil from the bar.

The power unit and pump distribution systems shall have a capacity of not
less than nine hundred fifty (950) litres per minute, shall be equipped with a
by-pass into the supply tank and shall be capable of distributing a uniform
and constant flow of bituminous material through all nozzles at a pressure
between one and one quarter (1.25) and three and one-half (3.5) kilograms
per square centimeter.

The entire distributor assembly shall be so constructed and operated to

ensure accurate distribution of bituminous material at rates of from two-
tenths (0.2) to seven and five tenths (7.5) litres per square metre with
uniform pressure, and with an allowable variation from any specified rate not
to exceed one tenth (0.1) litres per square metre. Minimum capacity of the
distributor shall be four thousand (4,000) litres.

iii) Calibration and Check of Distributors:

All distributors shall be calibrated and checked before being used on the
work. The calibration of the tank will be done by the Contractor in the
presence of the Engineer by the method prescribed by the manufacturer
and/or directed by the Engineer.

The operation of the distributor will be checked by the Engineer the first time
it is used and as often as he deems it necessary thereafter, and when the
operation is found to be satisfactory, a new certificate will be issued.

iv) Stationary Mixing Plants:

Stationary mixing plants shall consist of measuring and proportioning

equipment and mixing equipment. They shall also include dryers when
aggregates are furnished that contain moisture in excess of the amounts
permitted for mixing. The measuring and proportioning equipment shall
consist of a system of hoppers and scales designed for proportioning and
measuring by batch weights or of continuous flow equipment so designed
and operated that the flow of materials can be accurately and continuously
regulated and so arranged to permit easy and accurate checking of the rate
of flow on a weight basis. For continuous flow mixing the proportioning
equipment may be at the stockpile site so that the individual aggregate may
be blended prior to entering the drier. The drier shall be capable of drying
and heating the mineral aggregates to specification requirements.

The proportioning devices for the bituminous materials and aggregates shall
be so synchronized that proper proportioning will be obtained at all times.

The design of the mixing chambers shall provide adjustment to permit a

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 25

 26 SECTION 1 GENERAL

mixing period of sufficient duration to produce a thorough and uniform mix.

The approval of and continued use of a stationary plant shall be contingent
upon its ability to proportion and mix satisfactorily the several materials in
adequate quantity for the proper progress of the work.

v) Hot Mix Plant:

All equipment shall meet the approval of the Engineer, shall be kept in good
working condition, shall meet the requirements herein specified and shall be
of sufficient capacity to produce and process not less than eighty (80) tons of
mixed material per hour. All plants used by the Contractor for the preparation
of bituminous mixes and (Plant Mix) prepared mixes shall conform to all the
requirements of these Specifications except that scale requirements shall
apply only where weight proportioning is used, and in addition batch mixing
plants and continuous plants shall conform to the special requirements of
these specifications.

vi) Requirements of all Plant

Uniformity:

The plants shall be so designed, co-ordinated and operated to produce a

uniform mixture.

Scale:

Scales for any weight box or hopper may be of either the beam or springless
dial type and shall be of a standard make and design, accurate to one (1)
percent of the maximum load that may be required.

When scales are of the beam type, there shall be a separate beam for each
size of aggregate. There shall be provided a “Tell-tale Dial” that will start to
function when the load being applied is within fifty (50) kilograms of that
desired. Sufficient vertical movement shall be provided for the beams to
permit the telltale dial to function properly. Each beam shall have a

locking device so designed and located that the beam can easily be
suspended or thrown into action.

Dial scales shall be springless, of a standard make, and of such size that the
numeral on the dial can be read at a distance of at least (8) metres. The dial
shall be of a compounding type having full complement of index. Pointers so
placed as to give excessive parallax errors shall not be used. The scales
shall be substantially constructed, and those that easily get out of
adjustment shall be replaced with other makes when so ordered. All dials
shall be so located as to be plainly visible to the operator at all times.

Scales shall be inspected and sealed or certified as often as the Engineer

may deem necessary to ensure their continued accuracy. The initial
inspection shall be done by an approved scale company, or by the
Contractor in the presence of the Engineer by the method prescribed by the
manufacturer and/or as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall have

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 26

 27 SECTION 1 GENERAL

on hand not less than ten (10), twenty-five (25) kilograms weights for testing
the scales.

Equipment for Preparation of Bituminous Material: Tanks for the storage of

bituminous material shall be equipped to heat and hold the material at the
required temperature. The heating shall be accomplished by steam coils,
electricity, hot coils, or other approved means so that the flame shall be in
contact with the tank.

The circulating system for the bituminous material shall be designed to

ensure proper and continuous circulation during the operating period.

Provision shall be made for measuring and sampling storage tanks. Storage
tanks shall have sufficient capacity to provide for continuous operation. The
storage tanks shall be calibrated and equipped with a device whereby the
Engineer may determine the amount of asphalt on hand at any time.

Feeder for Drier: The plant shall be provided with accurate mechanical
means for uniformly feeding the aggregate into the drier so that uniform
production and uniform temperature will be obtained. A separate mechanical
feeder equipped with an adjustable gate opening shall be provided for each
individual aggregate being combined to produce the total aggregate. The
feeders and gate shall be so constructed and equipped that a continuous
and uniform flow of each material will be ensured. They shall also be
installed in such a manner as to be readily accessible for calibrating at all
times.
Drier: The plant shall include a drier or driers which continuously agitate the
aggregate during the heating and drying process. The drier shall be capable
of drying and heating the mineral aggregate to specification requirements.
The burners shall be of such capacity, and they shall be so constructed and
operated that complete combustion of the fuel is obtained.
Screens: Plant screens, capable of screening all aggregates to the specified
sizes and proportions and having normal capacities in excess of the full
capacity of the mixer, shall be provided.

Bins: The plant shall include storage bins (cold & hot) of sufficient capacity to
supply the mixer when it is operating at full capacity. Bins shall be arranged
to ensure separate and adequate storage of appropriate fractions of the
mineral aggregates. Separate dry storage shall be provided for Portland
Cement, hydrated lime, or other similar material when used and the plant
shall be equipped to feed such material into the mixer.

Each bin shall be provided with overflow pipes, of such size and at such
location as to prevent backing up of material into other compartments or
bins. Each compartment shall be provided with its individual outlet gate,
constructed so that when closed there shall be no leakage. The gate shall
cut off quickly and completely. Bins shall be so constructed that samples can
be readily obtained. Bins shall be equipped with adequate tell-tale devices to
indicate the position of the aggregates in the bins at the lower quarter point.

The minimum number of bins shall include at least one bin for each different
stockpile of material being used. Intermixing of material from different
stockpiles in one bin or on the ground shall not be permitted.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 27

 28 SECTION 1 GENERAL

Bituminous Control Unit: Satisfactory means, either by weighing or metering

shall be provided to obtain the proper amount of bituminous material in the
mix within the tolerance specified. Means shall be provided for checking the
quantity or rate of flow of bituminous material into the mixer. Suitable means
shall be provided for maintaining the specified temperature of the bituminous
material in the pipelines, metres, weight buckets, and spray bars.

Thermometric Equipment: An armored thermometer of adequate range in

temperature reading shall be fixed in the bituminous feed line at a suitable
location near the charging valve at the mixer unit.

The plant shall also be equipped with either an approved dial-scale mercury-
actuated thermometer, an electric pyrometer, or other approved
thermometric instrument so placed at the discharge chute of the drier as to
register automatically or indicate the temperature of the heated aggregates.

All plants whether continuous or batch type shall be equipped with two
recording thermometers. These instruments shall be provided with dust-
proof cases, long leads, and automatic recording mechanism capable of
recording the desired temperature for a period of twenty-four (24) hours on a
chart not less than twenty (20) centimeters in diameter, or on a continuous
sheet. The chart for either type shall be graduated in hours, minutes, and
degrees of temperature. The maximum time graduation shall be fifteen (15)
minutes and the maximum temperature graduation shall be five (5) degrees
centigrade. Hours on the chart shall be designated as a.m or p.m.

The temperature recording thermometers should be installed on points or a

framework, separate from plant, to eliminate plant vibration.

They shall be located in a manner to provide easy access to the case and
chart. The bulb of one instrument shall be installed in the hot asphalt line as
close as is practicable to the spray bar discharge, the bulb of the second
recording thermometer shall be installed in the hot aggregate bin which
contains the fine aggregate. The bulb shall be located where the hot
materials will flow over it during the proportioning operation and shall not be
located near the corners of the bin or at locations where the material will
collect or pack around it.

The Engineer reserves the right to pass judgment upon the efficiency of
thermometric instruments.

Control of Mixing Time: The plant shall be equipped with positive means to
govern the time of mixing and to maintain a constant time unless changed by
order of the Engineer.

Dust Collectors: The plant shall be equipped with a dust collector

constructed to waste or return uniformly to the hot elevator all or any part of
the material collected as desired.

Safety Requirements: Adequate and safe stairways to the mixer platform

and sampling points shall be provided and guarded ladders to other points
shall be placed at all points where accessibility to plant operations is
required. Accessibility to the top of truck bodies shall be provided by a
platform or other suitable device to enable the Engineer to obtain sampling

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 28

 29 SECTION 1 GENERAL

and mixture temperature data. A hoist or pulley system shall be provided to

raise scale calibration equipment, sampling equipment and other similar
equipment from the ground to the mixer platform.

All gears, pulleys, chains, sprockets, and other dangerous moving parts shall
be thoroughly guarded and protected. Ample and unobstructed space shall
be provided on the mixing platform. A clear and unobstructed passage shall
be maintained at all times in and around the truck loading area. The area
shall be kept free from dropping from the mixing platform.

vii) Specification Requirements for Batching Plants Weigh Box or Hopper

The equipment shall include a means for accurately weighing each size of
aggregate in a weigh box or hopper suspended on scales and of ample size
to hold a full batch without hand raking or running over. The gate shall close
tightly so that no material is allowed to leak into the mixer while batch is
being weighed. Asphalt plants shall meet requirements in accordance with
ASTMD995 & ASTMD290.

Bituminous Control: The equipment used to measure the bituminous

material shall be accurate to plus minus five-tenths (0.5) percent. The
bituminous material bucket shall be a non tilting type with a loose sheet
metal cover. The length of the discharge opening or spray bar shall be not
less than three-fourths (3/4) the length of the mixer and it shall discharge
directly into the mixer.

The bituminous material bucket, its discharge valve or valves and spray bar
shall be adequately heated. Steam jackets, if used, shall be efficiently
drained and all connections shall be so constructed that they will not
interfere with the efficient operation of the bituminous scales.

The capacity of the bituminous material bucket shall be at least fifteen (15)
percent in excess of the weight of bituminous material required in any batch.
The plant shall have an adequately heated quick-acting, nondrip, charging
valve located directly over the bituminous material bucket.

The indicator dial shall have a capacity of at least fifteen (15) percent in
excess of the quantity of bituminous material used in a batch.

The dial shall be in full view of the mixer operator. The flow of bituminous
material shall be automatically controlled so that it will begin when the dry
mixing period is over and all of the bituminous material required for one
batch will be discharged in not more than fifteen (15) seconds after the flow
has started.

The section of the bituminous line between the charging valve and the spray
bar shall be provided with a valve and outlet for checking the metering
device.

Mixer: The batch mixer shall be an approved type capable of producing

uniform mixture. If not enclosed, the mixer box shall be equipped with a dust
hood to prevent loss of dust.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 29

 30 SECTION 1 GENERAL

The clearance of blades from all fixed and moving parts shall not exceed two
and one-half (2.5) centimeters unless the maximum diameter of the
aggregate in the mix exceeds three (3) centimeters, in which case the
clearance shall not exceed three and eight-tenths (3.8) centimeters.

Control of Mixing Time: The mixer shall be equipped with an accurate time
lock to control the operations of a complete mixing cycle. It shall lock the
weigh box gate after the charging of the mixer until the closing of the mixer
at the completion of the cycle. It shall lock the bituminous material bucket
throughout the dry mixing period and shall lock the mixer gate throughout
the dry and wet mixing periods.

The dry mixing period is defined as the interval of the time between the
opening of the weigh box gate and the start of introduction of bituminous
material. The wet mixing period is the interval of time between the start of
introduction of bituminous material and the opening of the mixer gate.

The control of the timing shall be flexible and capable of being set at
intervals as necessary for mixing time throughout the total mixing cycle. A
mechanical batch counter shall be installed as a part of the timing device
and shall be so designed as to register only completely mixed batches.

Automation and Recording of Bituminous Concrete Plants. The plants shall

be equipped with an automatic mass measuring cycling and monitoring
systems approved by the Engineer. Recording equipment shall monitor the
batching sequence of each component of the mixture and produce a printed
record of these operations. For each day's production the Engineer shall be
provided a clear, legible copy of the recording. There should be provisions
so that scales may not be manually manipulated during the printing process.

viii) Special Requirements for Continuous Mixing Plants Aggregate

Proportioning: Continuous Mixing Plants are not recommended for Roads &
Transport Authority projects.

Weight Calibration of Aggregate Feed: The plant shall include means for
calibration of gate opening by weighing test samples. Provisions shall be
made so that materials fed out of individual orifices may be bypassed to
individual test boxes.

The plant shall be equipped to conveniently handle individual test samples

weighing not less than one hundred (100) kilograms. Accurate scales shall
be provided by the Contractor to weigh test samples.

Weight Calibration of Bituminous Material: The bituminous discharge line

shall be equipped with suitable valves and a bypass so that the asphalt
pump of meter may be readily calibrated. For each change of stockpiles, the
plant shall be recalibrated.

Synchronization of Aggregate Feed and Bituminous Material Feed:

Satisfactory means shall be provided to afford positive interlocking control
between the flow of aggregate from the bins and the flow of bituminous
material from the meter or other proportioning device. This control shall be
accomplished by interlocking mechanical means or by any other positive

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 30

 31 SECTION 1 GENERAL

method satisfactory to the Engineer.

Mixer: The plant shall include a continuous mixer of an approved type,

adequately heated and capable of producing a uniform mixture. It shall be
equipped with a discharge hopper with dump gates which will permit rapid
and complete discharge of the mixture.

The paddles shall be adjustable for angular position on the shaft and
reversible to retard the flow of the mix. The mixer shall have a
manufacturer’s plate giving the net volumetric contents of the mixer at the
several heights inscribed on a permanent gauge. Charts shall be provided
showing the rate of feed of the aggregate per minute for the aggregate being
used.

Bituminous-mix Paver: Bituminous-mix pavers shall be self-contained,

power propelled units, provided with automatically controlled activated
screed or strike-off assembly, heated for the full width of the screed if
necessary, and capable of spreading and finishing courses of bituminous
plant mix material at least 300 millimeter more than the width of one lane
applicable to the specified typical section and thickness shown on the plans.

Pavers used for shoulders and similar construction shall be capable of

spreading and finishing courses of bituminous plant mix material in widths on
the plans. Pavers shall be capable of laying one hundred (100) tons per
hour.

The machines shall employ mechanical devices such as equalising runners,

straight-edge runners, evener arms, or other compensating devices to adjust
the grade and confine the edges of the mixer to true lines without the use of
stationary side forms.

The paver shall be equipped with a distribution system to place the mixer
uniformly in front of the screed.

The screed or strike-off assembly shall effectively produce a finished surface

of a required evenness and texture without tearing, shoving or gouging the
mixture.

The paver shall be capable of being operated, when laying mixture, at

forward speed consistent with satisfactory laying of the mixture.

The automatic controls for the paver shall be automatic linkage arrangement
so that through the process of automatically adjusting the screed, the
thickness of asphaltic mixtures can be placed and finished to predetermined
grade and a uniform crown or cross-section.

The paver shall be equipped with automatic screed controls with sensors
capable of sensing grade from an outside reference line, sensing the
transverse slope of the screed, and providing the automatic signals that
operate the screed to maintain grade and transverse slope.

Manually controlled bituminous-mix pavers may be used only with the written
consent of the Engineer.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 31

 32 SECTION 1 GENERAL

A manually controlled bituminous-mix paver shall be of the self-propelled

type with spread and strike-off facilities designed to spread the mixture in
such a manner that no supplemental shaping will be required.

It shall be self vibrator capable of spreading the mixture evenly, producing a

finished surface of the required thickness, density, smoothness and texture
without segregating, tearing, shoving, or gouging the mix.

Screeds must be constructed so as not to follow minor irregularities in the

base and must be readily adjustable to control accurately the depth spread.

No manually operated bituminous-mix paver shall be delivered to the site

prior to its approval by the Engineer.

Self-Propelled Aggregate Spreader: Self-propelled aggregate spreader shall

be approved design supported by at least four (4) wheels equipped with
pneumatic tyres on two (2) axles. The aggregate spreader shall be equipped
with a means of applying the larger cover coat material to the surface ahead
of the smaller cover coat material and with positive control so that the
required amount of material will be deposited uniformly over the full width of
the bituminous material. Other types of aggregate spreaders may be used
provided they accomplish equivalent results and are approved by the
Engineer.

1/30 METEOROLOGICAL AND AMBIENT CONDITIONS PREVAILING IN DUBAI

The average prevailing local conditions at Dubai City shall be assumed as follows
(Table 1-1):

Table 1- 1: local conditions at Dubai City

Serial Parameter Limit or Value
1. Max. Ambient Temperature 55 deg.C

2. Min. Ambient Temperature 1 deg.C

3. Design Ambient Temperature 50 deg.C

4. Max, Metal Temperature under sun 85 deg.C

5. Min. Barometric Pressure 998 mb

6. Max. Ambient Humidity 100%

7. Ambient Humidity 20%

8. Design Ambient Humidity 80% Max

9. Design Wind Velocity 160 Km/hr.

10. Average Yearly Rainfall 80 mm -150 mm

The climate of Dubai is relatively mild from November to April, and hot from May

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 32

 33 SECTION 1 GENERAL

to October with high relative humidity.

Under certain combinations of the above climatic conditions considerable

condensation may take place.

Particular attention should be paid to the prevailing corrosion conditions. A

considerable amount of salt is contained in the atmosphere which together with
the extremely high ambient humidity, can produce severe corrosion problems.

Distribution of rainfall is irregular, and the precipitation amounts are normally of no

significance, but attention should be paid to the fact that sudden heavy rainfalls in
a very short period of time can occur.

The prevailing wind directions are from the North and West. Strong winds are
common with maximum velocities exceeding 160 Km/hr. and sand storms and
dust storms occur in the summer months.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Roads Works March 2017 Page 33

 1 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

TABLE OF CONTENT

2/1 SITE CLEARANCE DESCRIPTION .................................................................. 2

2/2 SURVEY BEFORE COMMENCEMENT............................................................ 2
2/3 DEMOLITION REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................... 2
2/4 GENERAL SITE CLEARANCE ......................................................................... 3
2/5 PRESERVATION OF PROPERTY NOT TO BE AFFECTED BY THE WORKS 4
2/6 ROAD SIGNS ................................................................................................... 4
2/7 DISPOSAL OF HISTORICAL ARTIFACTS ....................................................... 4
2/8 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS MATERIAL .............................................................. 5
2/9 EXCAVATION FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION ................................................. 5
2/10 CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATION ............................................................... 5
2/11 EXCAVATION REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................... 6
2/12 BORROW PIT SITE .......................................................................................... 8
2/13 DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL USE OF EARTHWORKS
MATERIALS..................................................................................................... 9
2/14 MAIN PLANT FOR EARTHWORKS CONSTRUCTION .................................. 13
2/15 EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION ................................................................. 13
2/16 EMBANKMENT FOUNDATION ...................................................................... 14
2/17 PLACING AND COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS ......................................... 15
2/18 MOISTURE CONTROL REQUIREMENTS ..................................................... 17
2/19 TESTING METHODS ...................................................................................... 18
2/20 MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS ................................................................ 18
2/21 CRUSHED STABILISING MATERIAL ............................................................. 20
2/22 GEOTEXTILE FABRIC ................................................................................... 21
2/23 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES ............................................................... 23

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 1

 2 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

2/1 SITE CLEARANCE DESCRIPTION

2/1.1 This work shall consist of the removal, wholly or in part, and satisfactory
disposal of all buildings, fences, structures, abandoned pipelines, and any
other obstruction which are not designated or permitted to remain within
the clearing project limits designated on the plans. It shall also include the
salvaging of designated materials and backfilling the resulting trenches,
holes and pits.

2/2 SURVEY BEFORE COMMENCEMENT

2/2.1 Prior to starting the site clearance, the Contractor shall carry out a
thorough survey of buildings, structures, fences, trees, etc. that are to be
removed. The Engineer shall be fully informed of the results of this survey
and the amount and extent of the demolition and site clearance shall then
be agreed with the Engineer.

2/3 DEMOLITION REQUIREMENTS

2/3.1 The Contractor shall in a careful manner, raze, remove and dispose of all
buildings and foundation structures, fences and other obstructions or any
portions of which are within the Right-of-Way, except utilities and those
for which other provisions have been made for removal. All
designated salvageable material shall be removed, without unnecessary
damage, in sections or pieces which may be readily transported, and shall
be stored by the Contractor at specified places within the project limits or
at designated storage areas as directed by the Engineer. All such
salvageable material shall be deemed the property of the Employer.

2/3.2 Foundations of building structures shall generally be removed to a depth of

1 m below ground level or more if considered necessary by the Engineer.

2/3.3 Where shown on the drawings or where directed by the Engineer,

underground structures, culverts, chambers and foundations other than
building foundations shall be removed to such a level as may be indicated
on the drawings or directed by the Engineer.

2/3.4 Where directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall excavate in trench
and break out redundant pipe ducts and surrounds. Every precaution
should be taken to avoid breaking or damaging the pipes that are to be
removed and either salvaged or reused. The pipes shall be stored when
necessary so that there will be no loss or damage before relaying.

The Contractor will be required to replace sections lost from storage or

damage by negligence or by the use of improper methods in their removal.

2/3.5 Trenches and pits resulting from demolition and site clearance below
ground level shall be properly cleaned out (including pumping) and filled
with suitable material and compacted in accordance with the relevant

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 2

 3 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

Specifications up to subgrade level or as otherwise directed by the

Engineer.

2/3.6 Where required, the Contractor shall be responsible, prior to demolition,

for the disconnection of all services and clearance from the Dubai
Municipality and all Service Authorities.

2/3.7 Where shown on the drawings or otherwise directed by the Engineer, all
fences, walls or boundary structures to be erected or reinstated shall be
done in the same kind and form as the one it is intended to replace. The
wall, fence or boundary structure shall be made to match the remaining
existing portions. All materials and workmanship shall be in accordance
with the relevant standards and specifications contained herein.

2/4 GENERAL SITE CLEARANCE

2/4.1 Before commencing any excavation or fill, the area located within the
clearing project limits designated on the plans and drawings, shall be
cleared of all trees, stumps, roots, bushes, vegetation, debris, materials or
other obstructions.

2/4.2 Before removal of any trees or shrubs the Contractor shall obtain written
consent from Dubai Municipality Horticultural Section at least two weeks in
advance of the planned removal.

2/4.3 The Engineer's approval of any removal of trees and undergrowth must be
obtained before commencement of work. Where directed all bushes,
undergrowth, etc. shall be grubbed up and burnt or otherwise disposed of
in tips off site (Sub section 2/8). Holes left by stumps or roots shall, within
one week, be filled with suitable material, and compacted to the Engineer's
satisfaction in accordance with Specification Clause 2/17.

2/4.4 GHAF TREES

2/4.4.1 Ghaf Trees are a protected species in the United Arab Emirates they are
to be pruned or moved under the complete supervision and written
approval of Dubai Municipality Horticulture Section.

2/4.4.2 Trees may only be moved if they represent an absolute obstruction to the
works and no diversion of services or the road alignment is possible.

2/4.4.3 The Contractor is responsible for ensuring attendance by the Horticulture

Section and provision of at least the following plants:

i) Mobile crane of sufficient capacity with slings etc. to enable the lifting of
the particular trees in question.
ii) Excavator to carry out excavation prior to tree removal.
iii)Low Bed trailer and tractor or similar to transport the removed
tree/trees to either Mushrif Park or the Dubai terminal of the
Dubai to Al Ain Road, whichever is the nearer to the site.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 3

 4 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

2/4.4.4 The above plant will be required at both the original and new tree sites.
The Horticulture Department may also require the provision of a supply of
potable water for irrigation of the tree prior to its removal.

2/5 PRESERVATION OF PROPERTY NOT TO BE AFFECTED

BY THE WORKS

2/5.1 Attention is directed to the Contractor's obligations under law and under
this Contract with regard to damage, particularly with regard to protection
of property, plants and landscape and to responsibility for damage claims.

2/5.2 Existing highways, improvements, facilities, adjacent property, services,

and trees and plants designated for preservation shall be protected from
injury or damage which could result from the Contractor's operations.

2/5.3 The form of protection for vegetation within the site shall be of a type and
standard approved by the Dubai Municipality Horticultural Section.

2/6 ROAD SIGNS

2/6.1 All existing road signs, street name plates, gantry cantilever and like
effected by the works are to be recorded (size, dimension, condition.etc)
and carefully taken down and stored on site for reuse as directed by the
Engineer. Signs to be re-erected shall be cleaned, provided with new
fixings where necessary and the posts re-painted in accordance with the
Specifications. Redundant signs shall be transported to the stores or
depots of relevant Authorities. Any sign, street name plate or the like
damaged by the Contractor during his operation shall be repaired or
replaced at the Contractor's cost.

2/7 DISPOSAL OF HISTORICAL ARTIFACTS

2/7.1 Where specified, certain materials arising from the site clearance and
excavation are to remain the property of the Employer. All fossils,
antiquities and other objects of interest or value which may be found or
uncovered on the site shall remain or become the property of the
Employer and upon discovery of such an object the Contractor shall
forthwith:

a. Use his best endeavors not to disturb or damage the object.

b. Cease work which would endanger the object or prevent or impede its
removal.
c. Inform the Engineer of the discovery and precise location of the object.

2/7.2 The Engineer will issue instructions on the procedure to be adopted which
may include conditions to permit the examination, excavation or removal
of the object by a third party.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 4

 5 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

2/8 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS MATERIAL

2/8.1 Subject to the provision of Clause 27.1 of the Conditions of Contract Part I
and of the Specification, all materials arising from site clearance which are
surplus to or unsuitable (Section 2/13.3) for use in the Works shall become
the property of the Contractor and shall be disposed of by him either off the
Site to an approved tip or if directed or otherwise agreed by the Engineer
on the Site in an approved manner.

2/8.2 Following consultation with Dubai Municipality Public Health Department,

the Engineer and RTA, the Contractor shall propose two sites for disposal
of unsuitable or surplus material, one of which shall be specified as having
priority and which must be filled before the second is used, together with a
separate location where hard debris, such as concrete, building rubble,
kerbing, road pavement, etc. shall be disposed of. The Contractor shall
seek approval for all the proposed sites from the Dubai Municipality before
work commences and disposal at such sites shall be at no extra cost to the
Employer.

2/8.3 The Contractor has to prepare and submit to the Engineer Earth Work
Cross Section and calculate the total quantity of cut material and total
quantity of filled material.

If the filled material found more than cut material then the Engineer in
coordination with RTA will arrange to provide fill material to the project from
any of RTA running project if available. If not available, then the Contractor
can use the item of imported material.

If the cut material found more than the fill material, then the surplus material
if suitable has to be disposed to one of RTA running project as directed by
RTA. If not available the Contractor can dispose the surplus material at an
approved dumping area.

2/9 EXCAVATION FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION

2/9.1 This work shall consist of excavating the roadway and borrow pits,
removing and satisfactorily disposing of all materials taken from within the
limits of the Work. It shall include all dewatering, excavation, shaping and
sloping as necessary for the construction, preparation and completion of all
embankments, cuttings, subgrade, shoulders, slopes, gutters, intersections,
approaches and private entrances, as directed, and in conformity to the
alignment, grades, and cross-sections shown on the plans or established
by the Engineer.

2/10 CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATION

2/10.1 Excavated material shall be classified as:

- Roadway Excavation.
- Borrow Excavation.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 5

 6 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

2/10.2 Roadway excavation includes all material of whatsoever nature, suitable

or unsuitable, excavated within the limits of the Right of Way for the
preparation of the road bed. All such material after deduction for material
declared unsuitable by the Engineer shall be considered to be available for
use at locations requiring fill. Roadway excavation shall be sub classified
as Common Excavation and Rock Excavation.

2/10.3 Authority to identify and define the physical characteristics which determine
the classification as "Common Excavation" and "Rock Excavation" in
accordance with the intent of the following provisions shall be vested in the
Engineer.

2/10.4 Common Excavation-' shall consist of the excavation and satisfactory

disposal (subject to Clause 2/15.3) of all soils, certain strata and individual
rock boulders less than 1 cubic meter in volume. Strata which are altered
and weathered and are in place, but which are not firm enough, or in the
opinion of the Engineer are not rigid enough to have all the characteristics
of rock excavation shall be classified as common excavation.

2/10.5 Rock Excavation - shall consist of the excavation and satisfactory disposal
(subject to Clause 2/15.3) of all unaltered and unweathered firm and rigid
igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary solid rock and boulders exceeding one
cubic metre in volume that in the opinion of the Engineer are impracticable to
remove by heavy mechanical excavating equipment (e.g. Cat.D8) or by heavy
duty hydraulic ripper, or by approved pneumatic tools.

These type of rocks would normally be removed by blasting with explosives, or

by heavy duty hydraulic breakers or by drilling and broaching with wedges and
sledge hammers if removed by hand.

2/10.6 Borrow Excavation - If the demand for fill material exceeds the quantity of
suitable material obtained from the necessary roadway excavation then
suitable material shall be imported to the worksite from an approved borrow pit.
The excavation, haulage and discharge of material in its final place from a
borrow pit shall be classified as Borrow Excavation.

2/11 EXCAVATION REQUIREMENTS

2/11.1 All materials removed from an excavation shall be used in the formation of
the embankment, shoulders and at such other places as directed, unless it
is declared unsuitable and ordered to be sent to the disposal site by the
Engineer. No excavated material shall be wasted without written
permission from the Engineer, and when such material is to be wasted, it
shall be hauled to the approved disposal site (Clause 2/8) or as otherwise
directed by the Engineer.

Material suitable for top soil, base material, mineral aggregate or other
specified purpose, encountered in excavation, shall be reserved in
stockpile, if so directed, until it can be placed in its proper position in the
roadway during construction. When specified or designated, top soil shall
Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 6
 7 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

be used as cover on embankment slopes to aid the regrowth of vegetation

or other purposes.

2/11.2 Excavated materials wasted by the Contractor without written permission of

the Engineer shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own expense.

2/11.3 During the construction of the roadway, the prepared formation shall be
maintained in such condition that it will be well drained at all times.

2/11.4 Rock, shale and other unsuitable material encountered in cuts shall be
excavated to the lateral limits and depth indicated on the plans or as
otherwise directed. Any excess breakage below the depth shown on the
plans or as otherwise directed will not be paid for. Backfill of the excess
breakage shall be approved suitable material and shall have the same
density requirements as specified by the Contract and shall be at the
expense of the Contractor. If the backfill of the excess breakage area
designated by the Engineer is to be a crushed aggregate concrete or other
special aggregate the entire cost of the backfill of the excess breakage
shall be at the expense of the Contractor. Undrained pockets shall not be
left in the surface of the rock, but they shall be treated as directed by the
Engineer.

2/11.5 All slopes, except in solid rock or other material which, in the judgment of
the Engineer, require a modified slope, shall be trimmed accurately to the
slopes shown on the cross-sections drawings, and care must be exercised
that no material shall be loosened beyond the required slopes. Side
ditches if required shall be excavated in conformity to line, grade, and
cross-section as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.

2/11.6 In cut areas, excavation shall be for the full construction width down to
'earthworks formation level'. For a further depth of 15 cm the existing
material shall be scarified, watered as necessary, mixed and compacted to
not less than 95% of maximum dry density as determined by BS 1377 Part
4 : 1990 (Method 3.5 or 3.6, AMD 13925:2002). Field density shall be
determined by BSI BS 1377-9, AMD 17229 (2007)

2/11.7 In fill and embankments, an 'improved subgrade layer', using specified

material, shall be placed to bring the embankment level up to 'top of
improved subgrade level' The improved subgrade layer shall be compacted
to not less than 95% maximum dry density BS 1377 Part 4 : 1990 (Method
3.5 or 3.6, AMD 13925:2002). Field density shall be determined by BSI BS
1377-9 AMD 17229 (2007)

2/11.8 The technical requirements of the specifications for ‘Excavation for

Structures” (Sub-Section 2/23) shall be complied with works include cutting
of 1.5m or more in depth.

2/11.9 Where excavation to 'earthworks formation level' (i.e. the earthwork

formation level is the level of the last layer of the earthworks which can be
either “subgrade” or Improved Subgrade), results in a formation or slopes of
unsuitable soil, the Engineer may require the Contractor to remove the
unsuitable material to a depth directed and backfill to the finished graded

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 7

 8 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

section with approved material compacted in accordance with specified

requirements for embankment construction.

The suitability of the existing subgrade shall be investigated up to 0.5m

below the formation level or more than 0.50m below the formation level if
the existing subgrade contains unsuitable material as defined in the clause
2/13.3 below. In this case, subgrade preparation shall be as follows:

 If the CBR of the subgrade at the formation level is satisfying the

minimum requirements, a further depth of 15cm of the existing
subgrade shall be scarified, watered, mixed as necessary and
compacted as described in clauses 2/16 and 2/17 below.

 If the CBR of the subgrade at the formation level does not satisfy
the minimum requirements, a minimum thickness as specified in the
drawings or as directed by the Engineer shall be removed and
replaced with an equal thickness of improved subgrade material and
compacted as described in clauses 2/16 and 2/17 below.

The Contractor shall conduct his operations in such a way that the
necessary cross-sectional measurements can be taken and agreed with the
Engineer before the backfill is placed.

2/11.10 When the Contractor is required or is directed to excavate unsuitable

material in fill areas, following general clearance of the area (see
Specification Subsection 2/16 "Embankment Foundation"), the depth to
which these unsuitable materials are to be removed will be determined by
the Engineer. The Contractor shall so schedule the work so that authorized
cross-sections can be taken before and after the material has been
removed.

2/11.11 All slopes, lines and grades shall be true, correct, and accurate and
according to those on the drawings or otherwise directed and approved by
the Engineer. The 'earthworks formation level' in cuts shall be accurate to
the authorized profile grade to plus or minus two (2) centimeters and, for
'top of improved subgrade' level, plus or minus one (1) centimeter. Where
discrepancies are found in the Work the Contractor shall make necessary
corrections.

2/11.12 The Engineer will check all or any part of the Work, as he deems
necessary, to determine conformance to the lines, grades, elevations and
cross-sections.

2/12 BORROW PIT SITE

2/12.1 The Contractor shall obtain approval from the Employer for the location of
the borrow pit site. The Contractor shall be responsible to determine the
quantities and quality of the available material in the approved borrow site
to meet the requirements of the Contract. When required the borrow area
shall be cleared and grubbed in accordance with the requirements of
Section 2/1.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 8

 9 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

2/12.2 The Employer may at any time revoke approval of a borrow site where the
Contractor is obtaining borrow material for the Works. Upon receiving such
notice from the Employer, the Contractor shall immediately cease removing
material from said borrow site. In the event the Employer revokes approval
of the borrow site, the Contractor shall locate a new borrow pit site as
specified above.

2/12.3 The Contractor shall not claim any additional payment for any costs by
reason of the necessity of changing borrow site locations due either to the
shortage of the supply of borrow material available from the borrow pit site
approved by the Employer, or due to the Employer's decision to revoke
approval of the borrow site where the Contractor is obtaining borrow
material for the Works.

2/12.4 The Contractor shall leave borrow pits in a condition acceptable to the
Employer and to the Engineer.

2/12.5 The Contractor will be solely responsible for ascertaining the location of
such approved borrow areas during the tender preparation stage.

Locations, distances to the work site and haulage from such approved
borrow areas shall be taken into consideration when preparing the unit
tender price for Borrow Excavation.

2/13 DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL USE OF

EARTHWORKS MATERIALS

The following definitions of earthwork materials shall apply: -

2/13.1 Top Soil shall be fertile, friable soil containing organic matter free from
subsoil, refuse, tree roots, noxious weeds, clay lumps and stones
recovered from well drained arable land. The soil shall be free draining, non
toxic and capable of sustaining healthy plant growth. The properties of
Topsoil shall be as described in Table 2-1 below.

Table 2- 1: The properties of Topsoil material

MATERAL Specified Limits Test Method
TYPE Characteristics
Organic content Less than 2% BS 1377: Part 3:
1990: Method 3,
AMD 9028:1996
Topsoil
PH Value Min 7 - Max 9 BS 1377: Part 3:
1990: Method 9,
AMD 9028:1996

2/13.2 SUITABLE MATERIAL

Suitable Material for earthworks shall comprise all material obtained from
excavations within the works or from borrow pits approved by the Engineer
and acceptable in accordance with the Contract for use in the Works.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 9

 10 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

Suitable material for earthworks shall be an approved soil that meets the
following specifications listed in Table 2-2:

Table 2- 2: Specifications of suitable material for earthworks

MATERAL Specified Limits Test Method
TYPE Characteristics
Passing 63mm Max 100% BS1377: Part 2: 1990
Test 9.2,AMD
9027:1996
Passing 0.075mm Max 20% BS1377: Part 2: 1990
Test 9.2, AMD 9028:
1996
Liquid Limit Max 40% BS 1377: Part 2: 1990:
Test 4.5, AMD 9028:
1996
Plasticity Index Max 6%* BS1377 Part 2 1990
Clause 5.4, AMD 9027-
1996
Weighted PI Max 400 Calculation (PI x
(PIx0.425)* %passing 0.425mm)
Linear shrinkage Max 3% BS1377 Part 2 1990
Clause 6.5, AMD 9027-
1996.
Soaked CBR (95% Min 10%** BS1377 Part 4: 1990
Suitable fill
compaction) Min 15% (Method 7), AMD
material
13925:2002
Free swell Max 1.5% BS 1377 Part 5 1990
AMD 8260: 1994
Organic content Less than 2% BS 1377: Part 3: 1990:
Method 3, AMD
9028:1996
Acid soluble Chloride BS1377:P3:1990:M7.3
Max2%. AMD 9028: 1996
Acid soluble Sulphate BS1377:P3:1990:M5.5,
Max2% AMD 9028: 1996
Organic matter content BS 1377:P3:1990 M3,
Max2% AMD 9028: 1996
Water soluble Chloride BS1377:P3:1990:M7.2,
AMD 9028: 1996
Total Max 5%
Water soluble Sulphate BS1377:P3:1990:M5.5
AMD 9028-1996
PH of the Soil BS 1377: P3:1990: M9,
Min 7 - Max 9 AMD 9028: 1996

* PI less than 6 has been retained as requested by DCL. However where PI

exceeds 6 the concept of Weighted Plasticity Index (WPI) has been introduced
to control the influence of PI on material performance. ** WPI = PI x % passing
0.425mm sieve.
** A minimum soaked CBR = 10% shall only apply to material 0.5m below finished
formation level.

2/13.3 UNSUITABLE MATERIAL

Unsuitable material shall comprise but not be restricted to: -

- Rock particles exceeding 63 mm in size.
Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 10
 11 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

- Material containing greater than 2% organic material such as stumps

and other perishable material as determined according to BS1377
Part 3: 1990 method 3, AMD 9028:1996.
- Material susceptible to spontaneous combustion.
- Soils of liquid limit exceeding 40% (BS 1377 Part 2 1990 Clause 4.5,
AMD 9027:1996), and plasticity index exceeding 6 (BS 1377 Part 2
1990 Clause 5.4, AMD 9027:1996)
- Materials containing more than 20% by weight passing Sieve Size
0.075mm determined by BS 1377: Part 2: 1990 Clause 9.2, AMD
9027:1996
- Materials containing more than 5% of water soluble salts by weight of
dry soil. BS 1377 Part 3:1990, (Method 7.2 and 5.5, AMD 9028-1996)
for water soluble chloride and sulphate respectively.
- Any other material which the Engineer may deem to be unsuitable for
earthworks.
The complete range of chemical tests, test methods and specifications shall
be as mentioned in Table 2-3 below:

Table 2- 3: Existing Material – Soil (Unsuitable for Filing)

Test Method Specifications
Acid soluble Chloride BS 1377:P3:1990:M7.3,
More than 2%.
AMD 9028:1996
Acid soluble Sulphate BS 1377:P3:1990:M5.5,
More than 2%
AMD 9028:1996
Organic matter content BS 1377:P3:1990 M3,
More than 2%
AMD 9028:1996
Water soluble Chloride BS 1377:P3:1990: M7.2,
AMD 9028:1996
Total >5%
Water soluble Sulphate BS 1377:P3:1990:M5.5
AMD 9028-1996
PH of the Soil BS 1377: P3:1990: M9,
<7 or >9
AMD 9028:1996

2/13.4 IMPROVED SUBGRADE

Material for an improved subgrade layer shall meet the requirements listed
in Table 2-4 below:

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 11

 12 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

Table 2- 4: Improved subgrade material requirements

MATERA Specified Limits Test Method
L TYPE Characteristics
Improved Passing 63mm Max BS 1377: Part 2: 1990 Clause
Subgrade 100% 9.2, AMD 9027:1996
Passing 0.075mm Max 20% BS 1377: Part 2: 1990 Clause
9.2, AMD 9027:1996
BS 1377: Part 2: 1990: Test
Liquid Limit Max 40% 4.5, AMD 9027:1996
BS 1377 Part 2 1990 Clause
Plasticity Index Max 6% 5.4,AMD 9027-1996
Soaked CBR (95% BS 1377 Part 4: 1990 (Method
compaction) Min 30% 7), AMD 13925-2002

A chemical analysis of the proposed material shall be carried out to satisfy

the following requirements:

 The material shall be shown to have an acid soluble sulphate content of

2% or less and chloride content in the form of acid soluble chloride of
2% or less by dry weight. The applicable test methods should be in
accordance with BS 1377 Part3 (Method 5.5, AMD 9028:1996) and BS
1377 Part3 (Method 7.3, AMD 9028:1996).
 When approved by the Engineer, a sulphate content greater than that
specified may be acceptable when the carbonate content is in the
region of 30-40% (BS 1377, Part3, (Method 6.3, AMD 9028:1996).
 Higher chloride contents may be tolerated provided that the ratio of
(carbonate+sulphate) to chloride contents is maintained at
approximately 15:1.
 When approved by the Engineer a sulphate content greater than that
specified may be acceptable when the carbonate content is in the
region of 30 - 40% (BS 1377 Part 3: 1990 Method 6.3 AMD 9028-1996).
 The moisture content of the material before compaction shall not vary
by more than +/- 3% of the optimum moisture content when tested in
accordance with BS 1377: Part 2 : 1990 Test 3.2, AMD 9027:1996.
 The material for improved subgrade shall be approved soil with a
plasticity index not exceedingly 6 (BS 1377 Part 2 1990 Clause 5.4,
AMD 9027:1996) and liquid limit shall not exceed 40% when tested
according to (BS 1377: Part 2: 1990 Clause 4.5, AMD 9027:1996).

2/13.5 No excavated suitable material shall be removed from the Site without the
Engineer's written permission. Should the Contractor be permitted to
remove suitable material from the site to suit his operational requirements,
and then he shall make good any consequent deficit or filling arising there
from at his own expense.

2/13.6 Dune sand if used shall not contain more than 2% organic matter (BS
1377:P3:1990 M3, AMD 9028:1996) and may contain up to 20% of stone
fragments or cobbles exceeding 20mm but not more than 63mm in size.

2/13.7 Layers of dune sand between layers of granular materials shall not be
allowed.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 12

 13 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

2/14 MAIN PLANT FOR EARTHWORKS CONSTRUCTION

2/14.1 The Contractor shall employ only that plant which is suited to the soils to be
handled. He shall not at any time use plant which damages or reduces the
natural strength of the soil either in its in-situ state or during handling and
placing or in its final compacted state. Unsuitable or faulty plant shall be
removed from the work site and borrow pits at the order of the Engineer.

2/14.2 The plant and equipment used for earthworks construction shall be
maintained in good working condition for the duration of the works. The
Contractor shall apply adequate quantities of plant and equipment
necessary for the proper execution of the works in an expeditious manner.

2/14.3 Main plant and equipment shall meet the requirements outlined in Clause
1/29 of these Specifications.

2/15 EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION

2/15.1 This work shall consist of constructing roadway embankment with suitable
material, including the preparation of the areas upon which they are to be
placed and the placing and compacting of approved material within
roadway areas where unsuitable material has been removed. All
operations will be performed in accordance with the Specifications and in
conformity with the lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-sections
shown on the drawings or as established by the Engineer.

2/15.2 Compaction equipment shall conform to the number and type outlined in
the Contractor's detailed programme of work as approved by the Engineer
and satisfactory performance shall be the basis for such approval.

2/15.3 All materials derived from excavation shall be used in the embankment
unless otherwise declared unsuitable by the Engineer.

2/15.4 Prior to the commencement of embankment, the Contractor shall construct

trial compaction of at least 50m in length. The soils used in the trials shall
be those encountered along the line of the road as approved by the
Engineer and/or those originating from the approved borrow pit. The object
of the trials is to determine the ability of the contractor’s equipment and
processes to meet the requirements of this specification. Steel and
Pneumatic rollers shall be used for the embankment construction. The
Engineer may order additional compaction trials when he deems them
necessary.

2/15.5 During the construction of embankments, the Contractor shall control and
direct construction traffic uniformly over the full width of the embankment
Damage to compacted layers by construction traffic shall be made good by
the Contractor at his own expense.

2/15.6 The Contractor shall be responsible for the stability of all embankments and
shall replace all sections which, in the opinion of the Engineer, have been
damaged or displaced due to carelessness or neglect on the part of the

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 13

 14 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

Contractor, or due to natural causes, such as storms, and not attributable to

the unavoidable movement of the natural ground upon which the
embankment is made. During construction, the roadway shall be kept
shaped and drained at all times. When unsuitable material has been
placed in the embankment, its removal shall be at the expense of the
Contractor. Throughout the duration of the Contract all damage to
completed earthworks attributable to rain and rainfall run-off or to any other
cause shall be made good by the Contractor without delay and whenever
possible within 24 hours of such damage occurring.

2/16 EMBANKMENT FOUNDATION

2/16.1 All debris, unsuitable material and vegetable matter shall be removed from
the surface upon which the embankment is to be placed and the cleared
surface shall be completely broken up by ploughing, scarifying or stepping
to a minimum depth of twenty (20) centimeters.

2/16.2 The foundation material shall be adjusted to a moisture content within the
moisture range of + 3% of the optimum moisture content and compacted to
not less than ninety-five (95) percent of the Maximum Dry Density as
determined by BS 1377 Part 4: 1990 (method 3.5 or 3.6, AMD 13925:
2002) where the embankment is less than one and a half (1.5 m) meters
below subgrade; and compacted to not less than ninety three (93) percent
of the maximum dry density as determined by BS 1377 Part 4: 1990
(Method 3.5 or 3.6, AMD 13925: 2002) ) where the embankment is more
than one and a half (1.5 m) meters below the subgrade.

In dry cohesionless soils (e.g. dune sand) where conventional sand

replacement measurement of field density cannot be undertaken, the
suitability of compacted layers shall be determined using the Clegg Impact
Soil Tester in accordance with ASTM D5874-02(2007) . A minimum Impact
Value (CIV) =8 (which corresponds to a CBR value of 8%) shall be
achieved.

2/16.3 If the original surface upon which the embankment is to be placed is an old
roadbed, the surface shall be ploughed scarified or broken up. All
aggregate particles shall be reduced to a maximum size of 63 mm. A well-
mixed and uniform layer surface shall be produced. The embankment
layers shall be compacted according to Subsection 2/16 requirements,
regardless of the height of the embankment to be placed, and compacted
to a density not less than ninety five (95) percent of the maximum dry
density as determined by BS 1377 Part 4: 1990 (Method 3.5 or 3.6, AMD
13925: 2002).

2/16.4 Where an embankment is to be placed on appreciably sloping ground, this

surface shall be benched in steps or trenched in accordance with the
Engineer's instructions, including if necessary any under draining of the
affected part of the site.

2/16.5 In circumstances where backfill has to be deposited below standing water.

In such cases the Contractor shall use only an approved granular material
of maximum size not greater than 37.5 mm and which on analysis by
Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 14
 15 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

sieving (BS 812: Part 103: Section 103.1:1985, cl.7.2 or 7.3, AMD 6003:
1989, or BS 1377: Part 2: 1990: 9.2 or 9.3, AMD 9027: 1996 or latest
edition) complies with the requirements of Table 2-5 below. Such material
shall have a "ten percent fines" value of not less than 5 tones when tested
in accordance with BS 812: 1990 P111 and BS EN 1097-2-1998, AMD
16684: 2006 and may be deposited below water without the associated use
of compaction plant.

2/16.6 Free Draining Backfill

In circumstances where backfill has to be deposited below standing water
in embankment construction, approved granular material shall conform to
the following (Table 2-5):

Table 2- 5: Approved granular material requirements

MATERAL Specified Limits Test Method
TYPE Characteristics
Passing 37.5mm Max 100% BS 1377: Part 2: 1990 Clause
9.2 or 9.3, AMD 9027: 1996
or BS 812: Part 103: Section
103.1:1985, cl.7.2 or 7.3,
AMD 6003: 1989.
Passing 10 mm Max 100% BS 1377: Part 2: 1990 Clause
9.2 or 9.3 or BS 812: Part 103:
Section 103.1:85 cl.7.2 or 7.3,
AMD 6003: 1989.
Passing 5 mm Max 85% BS 1377: Part 2: 1990 Clause
Free 9.2 or 9.3 or BS 812: Part 103:
draining Section 103.1:85 cl.7.2 or 7.3,
backfill AMD 6003: 1989.
Passing 0.600 Max 45% BS 1377: Part 2: 1990 Clause
mm 9.2 or 9.3 or BS 812: Part 103:
Section 103.1:85 cl.7.2 or 7.3,
AMD 6003: 1989.
Passing 0.075mm Max 5% BS 1377: Part 2: 1990 Clause
9.2 or 9.3 or BS 812: Part 103:
Section 103.1:85 cl.7.2 or 7.3,
AMD 6003: 1989.
10% Fines Value Min 5 BS 812: 1990 P111 and /or BS
tones EN 1097-2-1998, AMD 16684:
2006

2/17 PLACING AND COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS

2/17.1 Only approved materials shall be used in the construction of embankments.

2/17.2 In the formation of the embankment it is strictly forbidden to push the

excavated materials from the side of the road to the embankment by means
of bull dozers.

2/17.3 The fill material shall be delivered and spread in layers not exceeding 250
mm thickness after compaction. The layers of fill shall be graded, leveled,
pulverized and mixed, with water added as necessary, to ensure
Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 15
 16 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

homogeneous conditions through the full depth of the uncompacted layer.

For field density testing refer to specification sub-section 2/19.

2/17.4 The compacted density of the fill shall be equal to or greater than as
required under Clause 2/16.2 as determined by BS 1377 Part 4: 1990
(Method 3.5 or 3.6, AMD 13925: 2002).

Dune Sand, if found suitable and approved by the Engineer, may be used
as fill material up to a level of 1.5m from bottom of sub-grade. Dry
compaction (at natural moisture content) of 25cm lifts (tested every 15cm)
can be adopted.

In dry cohesionless soils (e.g. dune sand) where conventional sand

replacement measurement of field density cannot be undertake, the
suitability of the compacted fill layer shall be determined using the Clegg
Impact Soil Tester in accordance with ASTM D5874 - 02(2007). A minimum
Impact Value (CIV)=8 (which corresponds to a CBR value of 8%) shall be
achieved.

2/17.5 The material to be imported for the "improved subgrade layer" to be

constructed above "earthworks formation level" up to "top of improved
subgrade" level as shown on the drawings shall conform to the
Specification Sub-Section 2/13 Para 4.

2/17.6 All slopes, lines and grades shall be true, correct, and accurate and
according to those shown on the Drawings or otherwise directed and
approved by the Engineer. The "earthworks formation level" in
embankments shall be accurate to the authorized profile grade to plus or
minus two (2) centimeters and, the 'top of improved subgrade' level, plus or
minus one (1) centimeter for 3 locations maximum each 100 m interval.
Selected material shall be placed wherever required. Where discrepancies
are found in the work the Contractor shall make necessary corrections in a
manner approved by the Engineer.

2/17.7 Grade, level, shape and compact the embankment surface to a uniform
cross-section. At the end of each day's operations, all ruts and depressions
that could hold water should be eliminated.

2/17.8 Hauling, grading and leveling equipment passage should be distributed

over the width and length of each layer of material to avoid channelization.
This action should be practiced during all stages of the road construction.

2/17.9 Use a tamping foot roller to compact embankment side slopes by walking
with a dozer, or by over-building the fill and then removing excess material
to the final slope line. For steeper slopes, compact the slopes as
embankment construction progresses.

2/17.10 In cases where placing embankment is on one side of abutments (bridge

construction), wing walls, piers, or culvert headwalls, use the recommended
compaction methods that prevent excessive pressure.

2/17.11 In cases where placing embankment material is on both sides of a concrete

wall or box structure, conduct operations so compacted embankment

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 16

 17 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

material is at the same elevation on both sides of the structure under

construction.

2/17.12 Place embankment material in horizontal layers not exceeding 250mm in

compacted thickness. In cases where material composed predominately of
boulders and rock fragments of size more than 25centimeter, incorporate
oversize boulders or rock fragments into the embankment layers by
reducing the size of these boulders or placing them individually.

2/17.13 in cases where material composed predominately of boulders or rock

fragments too large for 25 centimeter layers, these materials may be placed
in layers up to 60cetimeters thick. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock
fragments into the 600mm layer by reducing them in size or placing them
individually. Place sufficient earth and smaller rocks to fill the voids.

2/17.14 Ditches, Slope, grade, and shape ditches. Remove all projecting roots,
stumps, rock, or similar matter. Maintain all ditches in an open condition
and free from leaves, sticks, and other debris. Complete slopes, ditches,
culverts, and other underground minor structures before placing aggregate
courses. Slope, shape, and finish as follows:

(a) Slopes. Leave all earth slopes with uniform roughened

surfaces, with no noticeable break as viewed from the road.
Except in solid rock, the bottoms and tops of all slopes including
the slopes of drainage ditches shall be “rounded to remove
sharp angular faces. If a slide or slip out occurs on a cut or
embankment slope, remove or replace the material, and repair
or restore all damage to the work. Bench or key the slope to
stabilize the slide. Reshape the cut or embankment slope to an
acceptable condition..
(b) Shaping: shape the subgrade to a smooth surface to the cross
section and to the cross section required. Shape slope to
gradually transition into slope adjustment without noticeable
breaks. At the ends of cuts and embankments, adjust slope in
the horizontal and vertical planes to blend into each other or into
natural ground.
(c) Finishing. Remove all material larger than 50mm from the top
15 centimetres of the roadbed. Remove unsuitable material
from the roadbed, and replace it with suitable material.

2/18 MOISTURE CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

2/18.1 When the moisture content of the embankment soil does not fall within +
3% of the optimum moisture content, water shall be added and thoroughly
mixed into the soil, by approved methods or the material shall be aerated,
whichever is needed to adjust the soil to the proper moisture content.

2/18.2 The amount of water to be added shall be only that amount that will, as
determined by the Engineer by field tests, provide moisture content in the
soil within the required range plus a reasonable amount to compensate for

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 17

 18 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

evaporation and other unavoidable losses. Water added in excess of this

amount shall be considered as excess water and must be removed by
aeration or other suitable means as directed by the Engineer. Satisfactory
methods and sufficient equipment shall be used for the furnishing and
handling of the water so that there will be no undue loss due to evaporation
or waste. If water is added to cut areas or borrow pits, the surface of the
areas or pits shall be maintained in such a manner that will prevent undue
loss of moisture and segregation.

2/18.3 Use of saline water for earthworks will only be permitted if the percentage
of water soluble salts in the compacted fill does not exceed 5% by weight of
dry soil when tested in accordance with BS 1377 Part 3 : 1990 tests 5 & 7,
AMD 9028:1996 for SO3+Cl).

2/18.4 For subgrade material moisture range refers to sub clause 2/13.4.

2/19 TESTING METHODS

2/19.1 A dry density moisture content relationship test in accordance with BS 1377
Part 4 : 1990 (method 3.5 or 3.6, AMD13925-2002 ) will be made for each
type of soil to be used in the construction of the work to determine the
Maximum Dry Density, the Optimum Moisture Content and the Moisture
Range required of the soil for satisfactory compaction. The Field Density
and actual Moisture Content of the compacted embankment shall be
determined by field tests according to BS 1377 Part 9: 1990 (method 2.1 or
2.2), AMD17229-2007.

2/19.2 Insitu density of dune sand shall be determined in accordance with B.S.
1377 Part 9 Test 2.1 or 2.2:1990, AMD 17229: 2007. However, where
conventional sand replacement measurement of field density cannot be
undertaken the suitability of the fill material shall be determined using the
Clegg Impact Soil Tester in accordance with ASTM D5874 - 02(2007). A
minimum Impact Value (CIV) = 8 (which corresponds to a CBR value of
8%) shall be achieved.

2/20 MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS

2/20.1 For the Contractor's general guidance, the following tests will be required
prior to use, and during the construction of the embankment and of the
subgrade.

EMBANKMENT

2/20.2 Soil samples for Soil classification according to BS 1377: Part 1 and Part 2:
1990 latest edition, laboratory moisture/density relationship tests and
California Bearing Ratio shall be taken prior to use, from any proposed
source of material. Each sample shall represent not more than 5,000 Cu.m
of stockpiled material or part of as directed by the Engineer. Sampling shall
be in accordance with ASTM D75: 2009, BS 1377 Pt 1: 1990 and BS
5930:1999.
Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 18
 19 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

2/20.3 For every completed layer of fill, at least FOUR (4) field density tests shall
be performed for every unit of carriageway (One unit being 2250 Sq.m.) or
as directed by the Engineer. Every compacted layer shall be compacted to
not be less than 95% of MDD.

IMPROVED SUBGRADE

2/20.5 Samples for Soil classification, laboratory moisture density relationship

tests and CBR tests shall be taken prior to use, from any proposed source
of material. Each sample shall represent not more than 3,000 Cu.m of
stockpiled material or as part of as directed by the Engineer.

2/20.6 For every completed layer of subgrade, three field density tests shall be
performed on each unit of carriageway. (One unit being 1500 Sq.m) or as
directed by the Engineer.

2/20.7 The frequency of field compaction tests on the shoulders shall be three
every unit constructed or as directed by the Engineer (One unit being 1500
Sq.m).

ROCKFILL
2/20.8 Where embankments to be compacted are formed of material consisting
predominantly of rock fragments of such size that the material cannot be
placed in layers of the thickness prescribed without crushing, pulverizing or
further breaking down the pieces resulting from normal excavation
methods, the material may be placed in the embankment in layers not
exceeding a thickness twice the average size of the larger rocks, except
that no layer shall exceed 600 mm of loose measurement.

Materials shall be carefully placed so that all large stones will be well
distributed and the voids completely filled with smaller earth, sand or gravel
to form a solid embankment. Each layer shall be bladed or leveled with
motor grader, bull dozer or similar equipment capable of shifting and
forming the layer into a neat and orderly condition. No. rocks larger than
eighty (80) mm in any dimension shall be placed in the top one hundred
and fifty (150) mm of the embankment unless otherwise noted on the
drawings. Conformance to these provisions and compaction in a manner
and to a point of consolidation approved by the Engineer will be considered
as fulfillment of the requirements for the type of compaction shown on the
drawings.
Normally, compaction tests will not be performed in these areas but the
Engineer reserves the right to test compaction in some other manner if he
deems a test necessary to ensure consolidation. Each layer must be
approved by the Engineer before the next layer is placed.

Embankments, which are formed of materials that contain rock but also
sufficient compatible material other than rock or other hard material to
make rolling feasible, shall be placed and compacted in the manner and to
the point of consolidation approved by the Engineer. Moisture shall be

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 19

 20 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

added as directed by the Engineer. Compaction tests will be made

wherever the Engineer determines they are feasible and necessary. Each
layer must be approved by the Engineer before the next layer is placed.

2/21 CRUSHED STABILISING MATERIAL

2/21.1 In the event the foundation on which the embankment or the subgrade
materials will be laid is saturated by water and unstable, the Engineer may
decide to lay crushed granular material to stabilize the foundation.
Stabilising crushed material shall not be laid directly on ground soil but it
shall always be laid on Geotextile fabric covering the area to be stabilised
as shown on the drawings or directed by the Engineer.

2/21.2 Such stabilising crushed material when tested in accordance with BS EN

933-1:1997 or BS 1377 Part 2: 1990 method 9.2 or 9.3 latest edition, shall
have the following gradation listed in Table 2-6:-

Table 2- 6: Stabilising crushed material gradation

SIEVES (mm) % PASSING
50 100
25 80 - 100
12.5 60 - 85
5 40 - 70
2 20 - 50
0.85 5 - 25
0.425 0 - 10
0.180 0 - 2

2/21.3 The stabilising crushed material shall have the following characteristics
shown in Table 2-7 below:-

Table 2- 7: Stabilising crushed material characteristics

Material characteristic Limit

Los Angeles Abrasion (ASTM C-131:2006 or Not more than 30% loss
ASTM C-535:2009)
Bulk Specific Gravity (ASTM C-127:2007 Not less than 2.65
and C-128:2007a)
Absorption (ASTM C-127:2007 and Not more than 2.0%
C-128:2007a)

2/21.4 The stabilising crushed material will be laid in layers of 15 cm and

compacted until the foundation is fully stabilised such that the total
thickness of the stabilising layer shall not be less than 30 cm. Only after
inspection and approval by the Engineer the Contractor may be allowed to
continue the construction of the embankment with other layers of
embankment material and/or subgrade material. The Engineer may
Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 20
 21 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

decide, after having taken the levels of the existing water table in the area,
and keeping in consideration the finished road levels, to excavate portions
of the foundation saturated by water, disposing of the excavated material,
and replacing it with stabilising crushed material.

2/21.5 Before starting any stabilising of the foundation the Engineer will instruct
the Contractor specifying the areas to be stabilised and the final levels to
be reached with the stabilising crushed material.

2/21.6 Alternative methods of soft area treatment which may be directed by the
Engineer are:

1) Non-friable boulders of sizes between 150-300mm shall be end

dumped over the soft area and rolled until the area is stabilized to
the satisfaction of the Engineer. Further stones of 10-70 mm size
shall be rolled into the area until all the areas are leveled and well
blinded.
2) Crushed rock material free from dirt, organic matter, shale and
any other deleterious material. The acceptance criteria shall be
as follows (Table 2-8):

Table 2- 8: Acceptance criteria Crushed Rock Material

Grading (BS EN 933-1 and BS 1377 Part 2 method 9.2 or 9.3:
1990, AMD 9027: 1996)
Sieve (mm) % Passing
150 mm 100
100 mm 80 - 100
37.5 mm -
25 mm 20 - 50
19 mm -
9.5 mm 0 -15

Physical Requirements
All aggregate materials shall comply with the requirements of sections
2/20.8 and 2/21 of the General Specifications in addition to the following:

Soundness(Magnesium Sulfate, 5 cycles), tested according to (ASTM C

88-2005) = 12% Max

2/22 GEOTEXTILE FABRIC

2/22.1 In areas where the Engineer deems the use of Geotextile fabric necessary,
the Contractor shall furnish and place Geotextile fabric as specified and as
directed by the Engineer.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 21

 22 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

2/22.2 The Geotextile fabric furnished by the Contractor shall be of an approved

grade suitable for placement over fine sand. The Geotextile fabric shall be
a woven or non-woven fabric consisting only of long chain polymeric
filaments or yarns formed into a stable network such that the filaments or
yarns retain their relative position to each other. The fabric shall be
stabilised against ultra violet light, inert to commonly uncounted chemicals
and chemical properties of the insitu soil and water, and it shall conform to
the following minimum requirements Table 2-9:

Table 2- 9: Geotextile fabric specifications

Weight (DIN 53854) 140 g/m2
Thickness under load (2KN/sq.m) 0.7 mm
(DIN 53855)
Tensile Strength (200mm width) 1.6 KN
ASTM D1682
Puncture Resilience (DIN 54307) 1.5 KN
Permeability (DIN 60500) 50 L/sq.m/s
Ultraviolet Stability ASTM 4355 50% after 750 hours
exposure
Burst Strength ASTMD4632 & ASTM3786 2.1 KN

2/22.3 The surface to receive the Geotextile fabric shall be prepared to a relatively
smooth condition free of obtrusions, depressions, and debris. The
Geotextile fabric shall not be laid in a stretched condition, but shall be laid
loosely with the long dimension parallel to the centerline of the roadway. In
the event that the width of the proposed area for fabric requires more than
one panel width of fabric, the panels shall be overlapped a minimum 15
percent of the panel width. Longitudinal joints in the fabric shall have an
overlap of 50cm. To prevent slippage of the overlapping fabric, the areas
of overlap shall be stabilised as approved by the Engineer with pins, anchor
blocks, or aggregate piles. In the event construction machinery is used to
place the fabric, the working platform for the machinery shall be the soil and
not the previously laid fabric.

2/22.4 Prior to placement of the stabilising crushed material the Contractor shall
spread a layer of sand over the Geotextile fabric as directed by the
Engineer. A 5cm thick layer of Crushed Sand which grading limits are
shown below shall cover the Geotextile fabric.

Table 2- 10: Crushed Sand grading

Sieve opening mm % Passing
4.75 100
2.00 66 - 92
0.425 30 - 50
0.150 12 - 28
0.075 5 - 15
Alternatively, Dune sand can be used for blinding and protecting the Geotextile
from puncture or tearing provided the required properties are met.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 22

 23 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

The aggregate material shall not be dumped directly on the fabric, nor
shall haul trucks be run on the fabric. The aggregate shall be spread by
a wheeled front-end loader.

The blade or bucket shall be kept sufficiently high so that the aggregate is
not being pulled over the fabric, but being dropped at a minimum height to
the satisfaction of the Engineer.

2/22.5 Fabric damaged or displaced before or during installation or during

placement of overlaying aggregate material shall be replaced or repaired to
the satisfaction of the Engineer at the Contractor's expense.

2/23 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES

2/23.1 This work shall consist of all excavation for structures, culverts, headwalls,
catch basins, manholes, inlets, and retaining walls and shall include all
necessary clearing and grubbing, all necessary bailing, drainage, pumping,
sheeting, strutting and the construction of coffer dams or cribs, if found
necessary, and their subsequent removal; also the disposal of all material
obtained from such excavation and backfilling to the level of the original
ground; it shall include the removal of that portion of existing structures
below the ground which is necessitated by the construction of the new
structure.

2/23.2 Prior to commencing any structural excavation work 1.5 meters or more in
depth, the Contractor shall design and submit to the Engineer for review
and approval, within a minimum period of 1 week before the intended
commencement date, detailed working drawings of the structural
excavation support member materials, sizes, spacing and engineering
calculations to validate their design, including the maximum theoretical
deflections of the support members. The system shall be designed in such
a manner that no raker struts or any other support members extend through
surfaces exposed in the finished construction, and no shoring or bracing is
placed under permanent structures.

2/23.3 The engineering calculations shall show lateral earth pressure for the full
excavation depths, forces at various stages of support during installation
and removal and concrete placement, the anticipated equipment loads,
surcharge loads of any description, the maximum design loads to be
carried by various members of the support system and strut preload forces.

2/23.4 If the structure support system proposed includes tieback anchors, the
Contractor's submittal drawings shall show the profile of the soil in which
each anchor is to be installed, the design load for the full depth of the
excavation, the maximum design and proof loads, surcharge loads of any
description; equipment loads, forces at various stages, support during
installation and removal, and the criteria proposed for deformations under
proof loads. Where a proposed system of tieback anchors projects beyond
the vertical projection of the Contract limit lines shown on the Drawings on
to the adjoining property, the permission of the owner shall be obtained in
writing and such permission submitted to the Engineer at the time the shop
drawings of the support systems are submitted.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 23

 24 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

2/23.5 At locations where the excavation extends below the ground water table, a
dewatering system shall be provided which will effectively reduce the
hydrostatic pressure and lower the ground water levels below excavation
levels, as required for the safe and proper execution of the work and which
will result in obtaining a stable, dry subgrade for the execution of
subsequent operations. The Contractor shall design dewatering methods
and settling basins so that no critical amounts of soil, sand or silt are
removed during either the initial operations or the construction operations.
Complete working drawings showing the type of dewatering and ground
water control system proposed shall be submitted to the Engineer for his
review.

2/23.6 The Contractor's submittal drawings shall show the arrangement, location
and depths of the proposed dewatering system if required. A complete
description of the equipment and materials to be used and the procedures
to be followed shall be shown, together with the standby equipment,
standby power supply and the proposed location or locations of points of
discharge of water. Any required dewatering system design shall also
include the measures taken to prevent damage due to settlement of
pavement, utilities, sewers, buildings and other structures outside the
excavation but within the area affected by the procedures.

2/23.7 The designs of the structure excavation support system and the dewatering
systems specified above shall be prepared by and signed by a Professional
Engineer approved by the Engineer specializing in this type of design work.
Approval of the designs and shop drawings shall not relieve the Contractor
of the adequacy and performance of these temporary works.

2/23.8 Preconstruction Inspection prior to the beginning of construction, the

Contractor and the Engineer shall make a detailed inspection of all adjacent
buildings, pavements, wells and other structures in order to determine its
pre-construction condition and the Contractor shall prepare, for the
Engineer's approval, a typed Inspection report of the findings.

2/23.9 The Report shall include photographs, drawings and sketches with levels
and dimensions illustrating the structures condition, noting in particular any
existing damage or structural inadequacy. Deficiencies and damage shall
be suitably marked on the structure such that it is not permanently defaced.

2/23.10 Three copies of the Report shall be submitted for the approval of the
Engineer. Once approved, five additional copies shall be supplied to the
Engineer.

2/23.11 The Contractor shall notify the Engineer sufficiently in advance of the
beginning of any excavation so that cross-sectional elevations and
measurements may be taken of the undisturbed ground. The natural
ground adjacent to the structure shall not be disturbed without the
permission of the Engineer.

2/23.12 Trenches or foundation pits for structures or structure footings shall be

excavated to the lines and grades or elevations shown on the drawings, or
as ordered by the Engineer. They shall be of sufficient size to permit the
placing of structures or structure footings of the full width and length shown.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 24

 25 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

The elevations of the bottoms of footings, as shown on the Drawing shall

be considered as approximate only and the Engineer may order, in writing,
such changes in dimensions of elevations of footings as may be deemed
necessary, to ensure a satisfactory foundation.

2/23.13 Unless otherwise provided for in the Drawings or Contract Documents or

directed by the Engineer Structural excavation shall be carried out for a
width of at least 500mm beyond the horizontal outside limits of the
foundation, footing, box culvert or structural member to which the
excavation relates. Concrete blinding or sub-foundations are not to be
considered as structure for the purpose of defining such excavation.

2/23.14 If during the progress of the work, loose or improperly compacted soil is
encountered below the structural foundation levels, or adjacent thereof,
which is the result of prior removal of utilities or structures, such material
shall be completely removed within the limits as directed by the Engineer,
backfilled with suitable material and it should be not less than 95% of the
maximum dry density as determined by BS 1377 Part 4 : 1990 (method 3.5
or 3.6, AMD 13925: 2002). Any previous excavations encountered which
would in the opinion of the Engineer be detrimental to load distribution of
new foundations to the underlaying soil, shall be excavated and backfilled
with Class 25 concrete (clause 4/15).

2/23.15 After each excavation is completed, the Contractor shall notify the
Engineer, for approval of the depth of excavation and the character of the
material, prior to further structural works. Any over excavation shall be
backfilled with Class 25 concrete (clause 4/15) at the Contractors expense.

2/23.16 All rock or other hard foundation material shall be cleaned of all loose
material and cut to a firm surface, either level, stepped, or serrated as
directed by the Engineer. All seams or crevices shall be cleaned and
grouted. All loose and disintegrated rock and thin strata shall be removed.

When the footing is to rest on material other than rock, excavation to final
grade shall not be made until just before the footing is to be placed and
special care shall be taken not to disturb the excavation. When the
foundation material is soft or otherwise unsuitable as determined by the
Engineer, the Contractor shall remove the unsuitable material and backfill
with approved granular material. This foundation fill shall be placed and
compacted in 150mm layers up to the foundation elevation and compacted
to not less than 95% of the maximum dry density as determined by BS
1377 Part 4 : 1990 (method 3.5 or 3.6, AMD 13925: 2002).

The placing of concrete shall follow as closely as practicable the structural

excavation.

2/23.17 Control of Ground Water- Prior to the commencement of construction at

any particular location, the Contractor shall install and maintain a system of
standpipes and other devices to monitor ground water level in any area
which in the opinion of the Engineer is likely to be affected by the
dewatering. The number, location and depth of all standpipes shall be to
the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 25

 26 SECTION 2 SITE CLEARANCE AND EARTHWORKS

- The Contractor shall check ground water levels at weekly or

where instructed by the Engineer, more frequent intervals and
submit within 24 hours written reports to the Engineer in a form
to be agreed.
- In the case of uncontrolled flow of water into any excavation, the
Engineer reserves the right to order an immediate cessation of
work and to order the Contractor to take immediate action to
control the inflow of water. Such actions and remedial works
shall be to the Engineer's approval.
-
2/23.18 Notification of Damage - The Contractor shall notify the Engineer
immediately of any movement or any damage not noted in the
pre-construction report, to any structure. The Contractor shall immediately
cease his construction operations in the vicinity and shall take immediate
action to prevent further movement or damage. The Contractor shall keep
the Engineer fully informed of all such action.

2/23.19 Remedial and Preventive Works - Should remedial works be necessary

due to damage caused to the structure or should the Engineer direct the
contractor to carry out any works necessary to prevent damage to the
structure due to the Contractor's construction works, the Contractor will
present, without delay, detailed drawings and specifications, as necessary,
showing his proposed remedial or preventive works for the Engineer's
approval.

In either case the Contractor will suspend all construction activities in the
vicinity of the structure until such time as the remedial or preventive works
are carried out to the Engineer's satisfaction at the Contractor's expense.

2/23.20 Post Construction Inspection - On completion of, but prior to final

acceptance of the works, the Contractor and the Engineer shall re-examine
the structure to determine any change from the original conditions. The
Contractor shall supply to the Engineer for approval five copies of a report
describing measures he proposes to take to correct any damage which
resulted from the construction of the works. The approved corrective
measures shall be carried out by the Contractor at his expense, to the
Engineer's satisfaction before final acceptance of the works.

2/23.21 Utilisation of Excavated Materials - All excavated material determined as

suitable by the Engineer, shall be utilised as backfill or roadway fill. The
surplus material shall be disposed of as specified in sub-section 2/8
paragraph 2. Excavated material shall not be deposited, at any time, so as
to endanger the partly finished structure or cause an obstruction of any
kind. All unsuitable material shall be disposed of to disposal sites that have
been approved for use.

2/23.22 Backfill - Excavated areas around structures shall be backfilled with

excavated materials or imported granular material approved by the
Engineer. Backfill materials shall be placed in horizontal layers not
exceeding 20cm in depth after compaction, or as directed by the Engineer,
and compacted to not less than 95% of the maximum dry density as
determined by BS 1377 Part 4: 1990 (Method 3.5 or 3.6, AMD 13925:
2002). The field density shall be determined by BS 1377 1990 Part 9:

Volume 2, Part 1, General Specifications-Road Works March 2017 Page 26