Lesson 1: PHYSICAL EDUCATION Dudley Allen Sargent 1840-1924

 Instruction in the development and care of the  Invented over 80 machines, using pulleys &
body ranging from simple calisthenics exercises weights
to a course of study providing training in hygiene,  Contributed to anthropometric
gymnastics and the performance and measurements
management of athletic games. He took these measurements and compared
them with standards at a given age,
Exercise whereupon a series of prescribed exercises
 From the Latin words “ex” & “arcere” to was given to meet the demands of each
restrain particular case.
Gymnasium
 From the Greek word “gumnasion” or PHYSICAL EDUCATION COMES TO AMERICA
“gumnazein” meaning to exercise naked.  1820s Some American schools integrated P.E.
Kinesiology into their curriculum
 From the Greek word “kinesis” movement.  After the Civil War, many states required that
Physical education schools teach physical education
 From the Latin word “physica” physics and  For the first time, specialized training was
“educatio” offered for physical education instructors
Physiology  In another first, colleges offered
 From the Greek words “phusio” nature and intercollegiate sports such as rowing, football,
ology for branch of learning and track and field
Flexibility  The Olympic Games were restored in 1896,
 From the Latin word “flexus” to bend after a 1,400-year interlude.

HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION (NOW AND THE CHANGING FACE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
THEN)
THE BEGINNING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OLD P.E
 Large groups
Johann Bernhard Basedow 1723-1790  limited equipment
 First to recognize the importance of exercise  Athletes are leaders
 Required a specific uniform for his students  Skill related
to allow unrestricted movement  Teacher directed
 Offered a camp for 2 months during the  Emphasis on competition
summer for the children  Grades based on attendance, dress, skill, level,
 Was known as a difficult man to work with fitness scores

Charles Beck 1798-1866 NEW P.E

 Friend and follower of Jahn  Small groups; adequate equipment for active
 Was hired to teach Latin and Physical participation
 Education in the form of German gymnastics  All students have opportunities for success
 Became the first official Physical Education  Health related
teacher in America  Teacher as coach/guide
 Emphasis on cooperation
PROMOTING PHYSICAL EDUCATION  Grades based on self-improvement, self-
evaluation; peer assessment, skill rubrics
Diocletian (Dio) Lewis 1823-1866
 Did more to promote physical education than WHAT CONSTITUTES A QUALITY PHYSICIAL
any other single individual EDUCATION PROGRAM
 Wanted the feeble, old, fat, frail and women to 1. Opportunities for students to learn (time,
have a system they could use equipment)
 Opened the Normal Institute of Physical 2. Meaningful Content (variety,
Education in Boston understanding)
 Invented bean bags and wooden dumbells 3. Appropriate Instruction (inclusion, practice,
 Also used music to enhance his exercises assessment)
 A PURPOSE IS SERVED
 The purpose of physical education is for all
students Lesson 2: 3 FUNCTIONS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
 To learn and develop fundamental movement The main objectives of physical education are to:
skills Develop motor abilities like strength, speed,
 To become physically fit to participate endurance, coordination, flexibility, agility and
regularly in physical activity
balance, as they are important aspects for good
 To know the implications of and the benefits
performance in different games and sport.
from involvement in physical activities
 To appreciate the value of physical activity Physical Education –is an integral part of the total
and its contributions to a healthy lifestyle education process and has as it aims the development
of Physically, Mentally, Socially, and Emotionally fit
FACTS ABOUT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY citizens through the medium of physical activities
 The percentage of overweight children has that have been selected and planned to achieve
more than doubled since the early 1970s.
specific outcomes.
Physical inactivity and poor diet account for
an estimated 300,000 deaths per year. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
 Inactive children are more likely to become  Foremost objective and related with physical
inactive adults. development.
 The cost of overweight and obesity to the U.S.  Development of organ system such as circulatory
economy is $117 billion annually in direct
system, nervous system, muscular system and
and indirect medical costs
digestive system.
 Development in size, shape, and efficiency of
WHY IS PHYSICAL EDUCATION SO IMPORTANT?
 Reduced Risk of Heart Failure organic systems due to effects of physical
 Improved Physical Fitness activities which are performed
 Weight Reduction  Develop techniques and tactics involved in
 Good Health Promotion organized physical activities, games, and sports.
 Self-Discipline  Acquire knowledge about human body as its
 Skill Development functioning is influenced by physical activities.
 Improved Self - Confidence  Understand the process of growth and
 Stress Reduction development as participation in physical
 Increase Their Love of School and activities has positive relationship with it
Performance in Academics Development of  Develop socio-psychological aspects like control
Lifetime Skills and Activities of emotions, balanced behavior, development of
leadership and followership qualities and team
A QUOTE TO REMEMBER! spirit through participation in games and sports.
“Physical fitness is not only one of the most
important keys to a healthy body; it is the basis of MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
dynamic and creative intellectual activity. The  Related to mental development of an individual
relationship between the soundness of the body and  Various physical activities need alertness of
the activities of the mind is subtle and complex. Much mind, deep concentration and calculated
is not yet understood. But we do know what the movements.
Greeks knew: that intelligence and skill can only  Through participation in various activities
function at the peak of their capacity when the body individual learns to draw certain conclusions.
is healthy and strong."  Able to understand and faced situation in game
- President John Fitzgerald Kennedy
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
 Emotions are vital for every individual but excess
are always bad.
 One of the major objectives responsible for
developing/controlling various emotions like fear,
pleasure, hope, wonder, anger, etc.
 By participating in various physical education Exercise generally refers to any physical activity
programs an individual starts having control over where there is more muscle exertion that what the
his/her emotions. body is used to; thus, increasing the body’s energy
level and heart rate.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES OF EXCERCISE
 Related to development of social traits, essential
for better adjustment in life. Principle of Overload
 Everyone needs leadership qualities  Most basic law of exercise
 Players come closer to each other in spite of  The only way to produce fitness and health
different culture, place, etc. benefits is to make your body do more than it
 Better source of attaining qualities like fair play, normally does.
cooperation, sympathy, sportsmanship and
courtesy Principle of Progression
 The amount of intensity of your exercise
NEURO-MUSCULAR CO-ORDINATION should be increased gradually
 Concerned with better relationship between  After your body adapts to an increased
nervous system and muscular system. exercise intensity, your activity/exercise
 Physical activities provide ample opportunities becomes too easy. You will need to increase
for the better neuro-muscular system. the intensity again. do more work)
 Reaction times become less through participation
in physical activities. Principles of Specificity
 The specific type of exercise you do
 Accuracy and smooth function of our body. Keep
determines the specific benefit you receive.
off fatigue during physical activities.
Development of Health - Provide education about FITT PRINCIPLE
prevention of communicable diseases. Develops F- frequency
health related habits. There are various programs I-intensity
T- time
about recreation. Modern physical education
T-type
programs reduce the stress, tensions up to a large
extent to promote health of an individual.
Frequency
Lesson 3: PHYSICAL FITNESS  Refers to how often a person exercises.
Fitness is the state of being physically healthy and Intensity
string, it also means a healthy body and mind.  Refers to how hard a person exercises
Time
 Refers to how long a person exercises
COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
Type
1. Health- related components- focus on the
 Refers to the kind of activity you do.
general well-being or overall health status of a
person.
So how do you know which exercise you should do or
 Body composition
how hard you should exercise to gain health benefits.
 Cardiovascular endurance
 By using threshold of training and the target
 Flexibility ceiling
 Muscular endurance
 Muscular strength
Threshold of training
 The minimum amount of overload you need
2. Skill related components - are needed in to build physical fitness
training potential athlete and to help improve  Activity above threshold builds health and
their skills in different sports. wellness benefits.
 Agility
 Balance Target ceiling
 Coordination  The upper limit of activity
 Power  Ideally you should exercise above threshold
 Reaction time of training and below your target ceiling
 Speed
 Correct range of physical activity= target
fitness zone