近5年

典型真题
ideas
倒计时热身专用

Name：
Test Date：
科技类真题1 答案73

教育类真题7 答案81

媒体类真题15 答案94

政府和社会发展类真题19 答案97

交通类真题24 答案100

工作类真题26 答案101

城市和建筑类真题30 答案104

语言，文化和艺术类真题36 答案110

环境类真题41 答案112

饮食和健康类真题46 答案117

运动类真题 49 答案119

家庭类真题51 答案121

女性类真题55 答案125

老人和长辈类真题58 答案126

犯罪类真题61 答案128

全球化类真题65 答案132

旅游类真题68 答案135

动物类真题71 答案136
分论点思考练习
也就是我们平时常说的
“想ideas "练习

科技类 1

真题 With the widespread use of the Internet, more people choose to work
or study from home. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the
disadvantages?

2
Today, people can live and work almost anywhere they want to
because of developments in communications technology and transport.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

3
The increasing use of mobile phones and computers makes people
lose the ability to communicate face to face. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

4
People today can work, shop and communicate with others on the Inter­
net rather than face to face. Is this a positive or negative development?

5
In some countries, online shopping is replacing shopping in stores. Is
this a positive or negative development?

—1 — 科技类真题
6
The development of technology has caused many environmental
problems. Some people think that we should have a simpler way of
life, while others believe that we should use technology to solve these
problems. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

7
The range and quality of food that we can buy has changed because
of technological advances. Some people think this change is an
improvement. Others, however, believe this change is harmful.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

8
Some people think that playing computer games is bad for children in
every aspect. Others, however, believe that computer games can
have some positive effects on children. Discuss both these views and
give your own opinion.

Technology 解析答案.
见73页

科技类真题 —2 —
［科技类 高频Phrase回放

（只记你觉得自己在考场里面真正能想到的 ）

boost efficiency 提高效率

boost productivity 提高生产率

work more efficiently 更高效地工作

［同类］learn more efficiently 更高效地学习

shop more efficiently 更高效地购物

save time and energy 节省时间和精力

［同类］save money on transport 节省 交通费

（例如：网络购物，远程上班）

provide people with more choices 为人们提供更多的选择

work remotely 远程上班（work from home 在家上班）

have more freedom 拥有更多的自由

have more job opportunities 拥有更多的就业机会

create jobs 创造就业

contribute to the economy 对经济做贡献

boost economic growth 促进经济的增长

study at their own pace 按他们自己适应的进度学习

keep in touch with family and friends 与亲友们保持联系

interact with their friends online 在网上和朋友们交流互动

—3 — 科技类短语
 exchange ideas and information 交换想法和信息

share photos and videos 分享照片和视频

online community 网络社区（名词短语）

find information quickly and easily 快速、轻松地找到信息

provide a wide variety of information 提供多种多样的信息

broaden people's knowledge and interests 扩展人们的知识和兴趣爱好

is a source of fun and enjoyment 是一种乐趣的来源

（例如：看电视、玩手游playing mobile games）

interesting and enjoyable 有趣而且令人愉快的

reduce stress and anxiety 减轻压力和焦虑

is a good way to relieve stress 是一种很好的减压方式

improve hand-eye coordination 增强手和眼的协调能力

（例如：电子游戏、运动）

improve teamwork skills 增强团队合作的能力

（例如：团队游戏、团队运动）

对比:

rely too much on ... 过度地依赖....

(例如:the Internet, mobile phones, fast food)

become addicted to ... 对....上瘾

(例如:social media社交媒体,video games电子游戏，junk food垃圾食品)

develop a sedentary lifestyle 形成缺少运动的生活方式

科技类短语 —4 —
pose health risks 构成健康风险

increase the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure

增加患心脏病和高血压的风险

mobile phone radiation 手机辐射（名词短语）

damage their eyesight 破坏视力

reduce face-to-face interaction 减少面对面的交流

feel lonely in real life 在真实的生活里感到孤独

feel lonely and isolated 感到孤独而且很孤立

steal personal information 窃取个人信息

online fraud 网络诈骗（名词短语）

（更多科技类实用短语请看随本书附赠的《高频短语速查手册》p.56）

* boost是英语议论文写作里的高频词，但请注意暧在Task 1小作文里使用boost

[BBC例句]The British Council and the World Service will make efforts to boost
efficiency and reduce costs （减少开支）.

*动宾短语所特有的积极行动意味能够让论证读起来感觉更实际、不空洞，而且
一般比较容易记忆、回忆，是帮助中国同学们避免考场实战中的论证“空洞感”
的好方法

—5 — 科技类短语
 A

科技类你怎样用英语表达它们 ？

创造就业 是一种乐趣的来源

促进经济的增长 手机辐射（名词短语）

对经济做贡献 提高生产率

对....上瘾 提高效率

分享照片和视频 提供多种多样的信息

感到孤独而且很孤立 按他们自己适应的进度学习

更高效地工作 网络社区（名词短语）

更高效地购物 网络诈骗（名词短语）

更高效地学习 为人们提供更多的选择

构成健康风险 形成缺少运动的生活方式

过度地依赖... 拥有更多的就业机会

减轻压力和焦虑 拥有更多的自由

减少面对面的交流 有趣而且令人愉快的

交换想法和信息 与亲友们保持联系

节省交通费 远程上班

节省时间和精力 在网上和朋友们交流互动

快速、轻松地找到信息 在真实的生活里感到孤独

扩展人们的知识和兴趣爱好 增加患心脏病和高血压的风险

破坏视力 增强手和眼的协调能力

窃取个人信息 增强团队合作的能力

是一种很好的减压方式

科技类短语
—6 —
Pat's Ten-Day Guid
教育类 1
真题/ Students at schools and universities can learn more from lessons with
their teachers than from other sources, such as the Internet and
television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2
In some countries, secondary schools provide students with a wide
range of subjects. In other countries, secondary school students
study a narrow range of subjects related to particular careers. Which
do you think is better?

3
Some people think that art lessons, such as painting and drawing
lessons, are as important as other subjects and should be
compulsory in secondary schools. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

4
Some people think the subjects that students study at university
should be decided by the government. Others, however, believe that
university students should be able to choose their own subjects.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

5
Some people think that government funding for schools should be
spent on science subjects rather than on other subjects. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

6
Some people believe that the purpose of education is to prepare

—7 — 教育类真题
people to be useful members of society. Others think that the purpose
of education is to help people to achieve personal ambitions. Discuss
both these views and give your own opinion.

7
The best way to teach children to cooperate is through team sports at
school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

8
Today, students are taught to try hard to be better than their
classmates instead of working together for everyone's benefit. Do you
think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

9
Students today are under more pressure and are pushed to work
hard from a young age. Do you think this is a positive or negative
development?

10
Some people think that students with different abilities should be
taught together. Others, however, believe that intelligent students
should be taught separately from other students. Discuss both these
views and give your own opinion.

11
Once children start school, their teachers have more influence on their
intellectual development and social development than their parents.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

0名词短语intellectual development是指“思维能力的发展"

教育类真题 —8 —
 12
Some people think that students should be encouraged to evaluate
and criticise their teachers. Others, however, believe that will result in
loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss both these
views and give your own opinion.

13
Today, many young people leave school with a negative attitude
towards learning. What are the causes of this? Suggest some
solutions.

14
Government funding for universities should only be provided to the
best students as scholarships and all the other funding for universities
should come from tuition fees or private organisations. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?

15
Competition for places at university is increasing. Why do more and
more people want to study at university? Is this a positive or negative
development?

16
Some people think that parents should read or tell stories to their
children, while others argue that other sources of stories, such as
books, televisions and films, are better for children. Discuss both
these views and give your own opinion.

Education 解析答案
见81页

—9 — 教育类真题
 教育类 高频Phrase回放
（只记你觉得自己在考场里面真正能想到的 ）

develop their social skills 发展他们的社会交往能力

develop their communication skills 发展他们的沟通能力

boost their teamwork skills 提高他们的团队合作能力

develop a sense of responsibility 形成责任感

work closely with ...与（同学、队友等）紧密地合作

这个work不仅可以指工作，也可以指任何需要紧密合作才能完成的事情

work towards their common goals 向他们共同的目标一起努力

achieve success 获得成功，地道英文里不写receive success X

take part in group discussions 参力口集体讨论

exchange ideas and opinions 交换想法和意见

boost their academic performance 提升他们的学业表现

develop good learning habits 形成良好的学习习惯

improve their memory and concentration 增强他们的记忆力和注意力

concentrate on their studies 集中精力在学习上

（study的复数studies是指“学业”）

learn more efficiently 更高效地学习

core subjects 核心科目（名词短语）

optional subjects 选修科目（名词短语）

教育类短语 —10 —
 broaden their knowledge and skills 扩展他们的知识和技能

expand their horizons 开阔他们的眼界 （这个短语总是用复数horizons）

suit their interests and abilities （课程）适合他们的兴趣和能力

are professional educators （教师）是专业的教育工作者（对比：家长、电脑）

understand students' learning needs 理解学生的学习需求

meet their needs 满足他们的需求

improve their problem-solving skills 增强他们解决问题的能力

gain knowledge about ... 获取关于....的知识

（native speakers 不写 learn knowledge X » 因为在地道英文里 learn 和 knowledge 不能
搭配在一起）

gain practical experience 获取实践经验

boost their brain development 促进（儿童的）大脑发育

encourage imagination and creativity 激发想象力和创造力

make them more creative 让他们更有创造力

prepare them for adult life 帮助他们为成年之后的人生做好准备

become useful members of society 成为可以创造有用价值的社会成员

become responsible members of society 成为有责任感的社会成员

make them more independent 让他们变得更独立

build self-confidence 树立自信

manage their time well 管理好自己的时间

—11
—
 make the best use of their time 更加充分地利用他们的时间

prepare them for employment

（学校，课程）帮助他们为就业做准备

prepare them for the knowledge-based economy

帮助他们适应以知识为主导的经济

have more job opportunities 拥有更多的就业机会

increase their employability 提高他们的就业适应性

ensure fairness 确保公平

have equal opportunities 拥有平等的机会

give financial support to ... 为....提供资助

achieve their potential充分发挥出他们的潜力

对比:

are under great pressure with their studies

在学业当中承受着很大的压力（study的复数studies是指"学业”）

suffer from stress and anxiety 被压力和焦虑困扰

face tough competition for jobs 面临激烈的求职竞争

cause frustration / make them frustrated 导致挫败感

tuition fees 学费（名词短语,rising tuition fees上涨的学费）

lack motivation 缺乏学习的动力

lack practical experience 缺乏实践经验

教育类短语 —12 —
low-income families 低收入的家庭

are treated unfairly 受到不公平的对待

are easily influenced by advertisements

（消费者，儿童）很容易受到广告的影响

are easily influenced by violence in the media

（青少年）很容易受到媒体里暴力内容的影响

copy what they see in the media 模仿他们在媒体里看到的内容

promote violence （电影、电视节目、电子游戏）宣扬暴力

violent images 暴力的画面（名词短语）

become aggressive （青少年）变得具有攻击性

develop anti-social behaviour 形成反社会的行为

（例如:graffiti涂鸦，bullying欺凌等）

（更多的教育类实用短语请看本书附赠的《高频短语速查手册》p. 37）

—13 — 育类短语
 - • - 一™™™—・一一一，f

教育类你怎样用英语表达它们？

帮助他们适应以知识为主导的经济 模仿他们在媒体里看到的内容

帮助他们为成年之后的人生做好准备 （青少年）变得具有攻击性

暴力的画面（名词短语） （青少年）很容易受到媒体里暴力内容的
影响
被压力和焦虑困扰
缺乏实践经验
参加集体讨论
缺乏学习的动力
成为可以创造有用价值的社会成员
确保公平
成为有责任感的社会成员
让他们变得更独立
充分发挥出他们的潜力
让他们更有创造力
促进（儿童的）大脑发育
受到不公平的对待
导致挫败感
树立自信
低收入的家庭
提高他们的就业适应性
（电影、电视节目、电子游戏）宣扬暴力
提高他们的团队合作能力
发展他们的沟通能力
提升他们的学业表现
发展他们的社会交往能力
为……提供资助
更高效地学习
向他们共同的目标一起努力
更加充分地利用他们的时间
（消费者，儿童）很容易受到广告的影响
管理好自己的时间
形成反社会的行为
核心科目（名词短语）
形成良好的学习习惯
获得成功
形成责任感
获取关于... 的知识
选修科目（名词短语）
获取实践经验
学费（名词短语）
激发想象力和创造力
（学校，课程）帮助他们为就业做准备
集中精力在学习上
拥有更多的就业机会
交换想法和意见
拥有平等的机会
（教师）是专业的教育工作者
与（同学、队友等）紧密地合作
开阔他们的眼界
在学业当中承受着很大的压力
（课程）适合他们的兴趣和能力
增强他们的记忆力和注意力
扩展他们的知识和技能
增强他们解决问题的能力
理解学生的学习需求

满足他们的需求面临激烈的求职竞争
<________________ ____________________________

—14 —
媒体类: 1
Today, there are more television channels than ever before. Some
真题
people think this leads to more choices for television viewers. Others,
however, believe this causes the quality of television programmes to
decline. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

2
Today, there are many advertisements aimed at children, such as
advertisements for toys and snacks. Some people think that
advertisements aimed at children should be banned. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?

3
People today are surrounded by advertising. Do you think the positive
effects of advertising outweigh the negative effects?

4
Advertising discourages people from being different individuals by
making them want to be or look the same. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

5
Governments should reduce violence in films and on television in order
to reduce violent crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

6
In some countries, criminal trials are shown to the general public on tele­
vision. Do you think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Media解析答案
见94页

—15 —
I媒体类高频Phrase回放

（根据你自己的需要挑选记忆就可以 ）

provide information about new products （广告）提供新产品的信息

promote products 推销产品

make products more attractive 让产品更有吸引力

boost the sales of products 提升产品的销量

are creative and enjoyable （广告）有创意而且令人愉快的

create jobs 创造就业

（例如:the advertising industry 广 告业，tourism 旅游业）

inform people about important events

（报纸、新闻节目）告诉人们关于重要事件的资讯

provide a wide variety of information 提供多种多样的信息

provide reliable information 提供可靠的信息

are interesting and enjoyable

（好的电视节目）很有趣并且令人愉快的

is a source of fun and enjoyment 是一种乐趣的来源

reduce stress and anxiety 减轻压力和焦虑

educational programmes 有知识性的节目（名词短语）

broaden people's knowledge and interests 扩展人们的知识和兴趣

attract many viewers 吸引大量的观众

—16 —
 对比:

provide misleading information 提供有误导性的信息（名词短语）

encourage people to follow the latest trends

（广告）鼓励人们去追随最新的潮流

are easily influenced by advertisements

（消费者，儿童）很容易受到广告的影响

are easily influenced by violence in the media

（青少年）很容易受到媒体里暴力内容的影响

copy what they see in the media 模仿他们在媒体里看到的内容

promote violence （电影、电视节目、电子游戏）宣扬暴力

violent images 暴力的画面（名词短语）

develop a sedentary lifestyle

（上网或者看电视过多的人）形成缺乏运动的生活方式

damage their eyesight （看电视或者打游戏太久）伤害他们的视力

spread their own culture 传播自己的文化

weaken other cultures 削弱其它的文化

（更多的媒体类短语请看《速查手册》p. 71）

—17 —
媒体类你怎样用英语表达它们？

（报纸、新闻节目）告诉人们关于重要事件 模仿他们在媒体里看到的内容
的资讯
让产品更有吸引力
暴力的画面（名词短语）
（上网或者看电视过多的人）形成缺乏运动
传播自己的文化 的生活方式

创造就业 是一种乐趣的来源

（电影、电视节目、电子游戏）宣扬暴力 提供多种多样的信息

（广告）鼓励人们去追随最新的潮流 提供可靠的信息

（广告）提供新产品的信息 提供有误导性的信息（名词短语）

（广告）有创意而且令人愉快的 提升产品的销量

减轻压力和焦虑 推销产品

（好的电视节目）很有趣并且令人愉快的 吸引大量的观众

（看电视或者打游戏太久）伤害他们的视力 削弱其它的文化

扩展人们的知识和兴趣 （消费者，儿童）很容易受到广告的影响

（青少年）很容易受到媒体里暴力内容的 有知识性的节目（名词短语）
影响

—18 —
 政府和 1

社会发展类 Some people think that governments of developing countries

should introduce new technology to people to improve their quality
真题
of life, while others believe that they should provide free
education. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
（在教育类、文化
类等话题里您也
可以看到与政府 2

和社会发展相关 Some people believe that countries and individuals should think

的真题） about the future rather than focusing on the present. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

3
Some people believe that in the modern world, we are more
dependent on each other. Others, however, think that people
have become more independent than ever. Discuss both these
views and give your own opinion.

Government & 解析答案

:Development 见97页;

政府类 高频Phrase回放

give financial support to ...为....提供资助

government funding 由政府提供的资助（名词短语）

improve public services 改善公共服务

（例如:education 教育，health care 医疗,public transport 公共交通,libraries and
museums图书馆和博物馆等）

improve infrastructure 改善基础设施

19 —
raise people's standard of living 提高人民的生活水平

boost economic growth 促进经济的增长

create jobs 创造就业

make the country more competitive 让国家变得更具有竞争力

（注意形容词competitive的拼写）

ensure fairness 确保公平

allocate resources fairly 公平地分配资源

reduce inequality 减少不平等现象

reduce poverty 减少贫困现象

reduce costs 减少开支，减少费用

should be a personal choice （生活方式、饮食结构等）应该纯属是个人的选择

respect their choices 尊重他们的选择

a free and fair society 一个自由、公正的社会（名词短语）

encourage people to ... 鼓励人们去

（例如:use public transport 使用公共交通，exercise regularly 经常锻炼身体，have

a balanced diet保持均衡的饮食等）

help people to make better decisions about ...

帮助人们做出关于……更好的决定

对比:

involve high costs 涉及到很高的费用

only have limited funds （政府）只有有限的资金

is a waste of public money 是对公共资金的浪费

 increase the burden on taxpayers 增加纳税人的负担

pay taxes 交税

have more important concerns （政府）还有其它更急需解决的问题

are under-funded （学校，医院，博物馆等）资金不足

low-income families 低收入的家庭（名词短语）

living in hunger and poverty 生活在饥饿与贫困当中

are forced to ... 被迫去 ....

invade their privacy 侵犯他们的隐私

［社会发展卷 高频Phrase回放

consumer society 崇尚消费的社会（名词短语）

consumer culture 不是消费者文化，而是"崇尚消费的文化”（名词短语）

international trade 国际贸易（名词短语）

technological innovations 科技创新（名词短语）

economic growth 经济的增长（boost economic growth促进经济的增长）

made our lives more convenient and comfortable 让我们的生活更方便舒适

are more independent 更加独立

increase the demand for new products

（崇尚消费的文化）增加对于新产品的需求

—21 社会发展类短语
create jobs 创造就业

use natural resources responsibly 有责任感地使用自然资源

save for retirement 为退休养老存钱

对比:

encourage people to follow the latest trends

（媒体，广告）鼓励人们去追随最新的潮流

focus on money and possessions 集中精力于金钱和财产

become selfish and greedy 变得自私而且贪婪

buy things on impulse 冲动地购物

have high credit card debt 拖欠很高的信用卡债务

high living costs 很高的生活开支，很高的生活成本 （名词短语）

use more natural resources 使用更多的自然资源

create more waste and pollution 产生更多的垃圾废料和污染

（这个短语里的waste不是浪费，而是垃圾、废料的意思）

lack a sense of community 缺乏社区感

lack a sense of belonging 缺乏归属感

feel lonely and isolated 感到孤独而且很孤立

traditions and customs 传统和风俗（名词短语）

（更多政府与社会发展类短语请看随本书附赠的 《速查手册》p.86）

—22 —
政府类你怎样用英语表达它们 ？

…更好
帮助人们做出关于… 减少开支，减少费用 提高人民的生活水平
的决定 为……提供资助
减少贫困现象
被迫去... （学校，医院，博物馆等）
交税
资金不足
创造就业
侵犯他们的隐私
一个自由、公正的社会（名
促进经济的增长
确保公平 词短语）
低收入的家庭（名词短语） 让国家变得更具有竞争力 由政府提供的资助（名词短语）

改善公共服务 涉及到很高的费用 增加纳税人的负担

改善基础设施 （生活方式、饮食结构等） （政府）还有其它更急需解

应该纯属是个人的选择 决的问题
公平地分配资源
生活在饥饿与贫困当中 （政府）只有有限的资金
鼓励人们去
是对公共资金的浪费 尊重他们的选择
减少不平等现象

社会发展类你怎样用英语表达它们？

变得自私而且贪婪 传统和风俗（名词短语） 科技创新（名词短语）

不是消费者文化，而是“崇 创造就业 （媒体，广告）鼓励人们去

尚消费的文化”（名词短语） 追随最新的潮流
感到孤独而且很孤立
产生更多的垃圾废料和污染 缺乏归属感
更加独立
缺乏社区感
冲动地购物
国际贸易（名词短语）
让我们的生活更方便舒适
崇尚消费的社会（名词短 很高的生活开支，很高的生
语） 使用更多的自然资源
活成本（名词短语）

（崇尚消费的文化）增加对 拖欠很高的信用卡债务
集中精力于金钱和财产
于新产品的需求 为退休养老存钱
经济的熠长
有责任感地使用自然资源

政府和社会发展类短语
—23 —
 The best way for governments to solve traffic congestion is to provide 交通类
free public transport 24 hours a day and seven days a week. Do you 真题
agree or disagree?

Traffic 解析答案
0*^ 见 100 页 5

、交通类 高频Phrase回放

control the number of cars on the road 控制路上行驶的汽车数量

I
reduce the volume of traffic 减少交通量
I

improve public transport services 改善公共交通月艮务

make traffic more efficient 让交通变得更高效

reduce traffic congestion 减少交通堵塞

upgrade the road system 升级道路系统

save money on transport costs （网络购物，远程上班）减少交通费

drive safely / drive responsibly 安全行驶，负责任地驾驶

I
transport networks 交通运输网（名词短语）

对比:

cause traffic congestion 导致交通堵塞

cause distractions for drivers （手机）对司机形成干扰

（更多的交通类短语请看 《速查手册》p. 89）

交通类真题 —24 —
 交通类你怎样用英语表达它们 ？

安全行驶，负责任地驾驶
控制路上行驶的汽车数量
导致交通堵塞
让交通变得更高效
改善公共交通服务
升级道路系统
减少交通堵塞
（手机）对司机形成干扰
减少交通量
（网络购物，远程上班）减少交通费
交通运输网（名词短语）
<_____________

交通类短语
—25 —
Pafs Ten-Day Guide
 1
|
工作类
j
"一.一_一 …*一二一

Nowadays more and more people change jobs in their working lives.
:戛题J
Is this a positive or negative development?

2
Job interviews are not a reliable tool for employers who want to recruit
new staff. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

3
The leaders or directors of organisations are often older people. But
some people think that young people can also be leaders. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

4
Some people believe that young people should be required to do
unpaid work to help their local community. Do you think the
advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Work 解析答案，
见 101 页，

［工作类高频Phrase回放

boost their efficiency 提高他们的效率

boost their motivation 提升他们（工作或者学习）的动力

increase their job satisfaction 增加（员工的）工作满意度

i
suit their interests and skills （工作）适合他们的兴趣和技能

—26 —
 achieve career success 获得事业成功

are rewarded for ...（员工）因为.... 获得回报

feel motivated 感觉很有动力，“动力十足”

feel respected and valued （员工）感觉受到尊重和重视

are treated fairly 受到公平的对待

have equal opportunities 拥有平等的机会

give them a sense of achievement 带给他们一种成就感

create jobs 创造就业

have more job opportunities 有更多的就业机会

have job security （员工）有稳定的工作

a steady source of income 一个稳定的收入来源（名词短语）

give them more freedom 给他们更多的自由

work remotely 远程上班（例如：work from home在家上班）

have more freedom （远程上班的员工）有更多的自由

have more flexible schedules 有更灵活的时间安排

achieve a work — life balance / achieve a balance between work and life
实现工作与生活之间的平衡

achieve a work 一 family balance / achieve a balance between work and family
实现工作与家庭之间的平衡

job applicants 求职者（名词短语）

—27 —
academic qualifications 学历（名词短语）

practical experience 实践经验（名词短语）

have equal opportunities 拥有平等的机会

choose career paths that really interest them 选择他们真正感兴趣的事业发展方向

对比：

lack motivation 缺乏工作的动力

often work overtime 经常加班

have a stressful lifestyle 生活压力很大，"压力山大”

face tough competition for jobs 面临激烈的求职竞争

face tough competition for promotion 面临激烈的升职竞争

cause stress and anxiety 导致压力和焦虑

cause frustration / make them frustrated 导致挫败感

rely heavily on fast food 严重地依赖于快餐

are treated unfairly 受到不平等的对待

do not have equal opportunities 没有平等的机会

take away jobs from local people 抢走当地人的就业机会

（更多的工作类短语请看 《速查手册》p. 101）

—28 —
 '■ ' J ' ■ ■ " - ........ s

工作类你怎样用英语表达它们？

创造就业 受到不平等的对待

带给他们一种成就感 受到公平的对待

导致挫败感 提高他们的效率

导致压力和焦虑 提升他们（工作或者学习）的动力

感觉很有动力，"动力十足” 选择他们真正感兴趣的事业发展方向

给他们更多的自由 学历（名词短语）

（工作）适合他们的兴趣和技能 严重地依赖于快餐

获得事业成功 一个稳定的收入来源（名词短语）

经常加班 拥有平等的机会

没有平等的机会 拥有平等的机会

面临激烈的求职竞争 有更多的就业机会

面临激烈的升职竞争 有更灵活的时间安排

抢走当地人的就业机会 （员工）感觉受到尊重和重视

求职者（名词短语） …获得回报
（员工）因为…

缺乏工作的动力 （员工）有稳定的工作

生活压力很大，“压力山大” 远程上班

实践经验（名词短语） （远程上班的员工）有更多的自由

实现工作与家庭之间的平衡 增加（员工的）工作满意度

实现工作与生活之间的平衡

—29 —
1 城市、
Some people think that living in big cities is bad for their health. To
建筑类
what extent do you agree or disagree?
真题

2
City dwellers today rarely socialise with their neighbours and the
sense of community is being lost. What are the causes of this?
Suggest some solutions.

腿city dwellers是名词短语：城市居民

3
In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and
businesses to move to regional areas outside big cities. Do the
advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

4
A rise in the standard of living in a country often only benefits cities,
not rural areas. What problems can this cause? Suggest some
solutions to these problems.

5
Nowadays there are many new towns. It is more important to provide
parks and sports facilities than to provide shopping centers in these
new towns for people to spend their free time. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

6
In modern cities, urban planners tend to place shops, schools,
offices, and homes in specific areas. To what extent do you think the
advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

—30 —
 7
Some think that 4< vertical cities" where people live and work in tall
buildings are better. Others, however, believe thathorizontal cities"
where there are few tall buildings are better. Discuss both these views
and give your own opinion.

8
Governments spend large amounts of money on the restoration of old
buildings in cities. The money can bring more benefits if it is used for
new housing or road development. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Cities & Buildings 解析答案

Q* 见104页

（城市类 高频Phrase回放

urban residents / city dwellers 城市居民（名词短语）

earn higher salaries 挣更高的薪酬

have more job opportunities 拥有更多的就业机会

have more entertainment and shopping choices

（城市居民）有更多的娱乐和购物选择

better public services 更好的公共服务

（例如:education 教育，health care 医疗，public transport 公共交通,
libraries and museums图书馆和博物馆等）

enjoy cultural diversity 享受文化的多样性

—31 — 城市、建筑类真题
 city planners /urban planners 城市规划师

divide cities into zones 把城市划分成一些区域

（例 如：residential areas 居住 区域，recreational areas 休闲 区域，business districts
商务办公区，commercial districts 商业区，industrial zones 工业区）

achieve efficient land use 实现对于土地的高效利用

reduce pollution in residential areas 减少居住区里的污染

make the layout of a city easier to understand

让一个城市的布局更加清晰

对比:

have a fast-paced lifestyle 生活的节奏很快

often work overtime 经常加班

face tough competition for jobs 面对激烈的就业竞争

cause labour shortages in rural areas

（更多的人搬到城市）导致农村劳动力的短缺

have a stressful lifestyle 生活压力很大，“压力山大”

suffer from stress and anxiety 被压力和焦虑困扰

rely heavily on fast food 严重地依赖于快餐

are overcrowded （城市）过于拥挤的

high living costs 很高的生活开支，很高的生活成本（名词短语）

housing shortages 住房短缺（名词短语）

higher crime rates 更高的犯罪率（名词短语）

城市、建筑类短语 —32 —
lack a sense of community 缺乏社区感

do not even know their neighbours 甚至不认识他们的邻居

feel lonely and isolated 感到孤独而且很孤立

lack a sense of belonging 缺乏归属感

feel disconnected from nature （城市里的居民）感觉生活与大自然脱节

increase the volume of traffic in some areas

（城市按功能分区）导致一些地区的交通量上升

建筑类 高频Phrase回放
i
make cities more attractive （历史建筑）让城市变得更有吸引力

enrich the local culture 让当地的文化变得更丰富

connect us to the past （历史建筑，历史课）帮助我们了解、感受过去

are an important part of our cultural heritage

是我们的文化传承的一个重要部分

are considered works of art 被视为艺术品

famous landmarks 著名的标志性建筑（名词短语）

attract many tourists 吸引很多的游客

contribute to the local economy 对当地的经济做出贡献

make them safer 让它们变得更安全

—33 — 城市、建筑类短语
adapt them to modern needs 让它们适应现代生活的需要

replace the old equipment 替换旧的设备

the function of a building 建筑的功能（名词短语）

safe and reliable （现代建筑）安全可靠的

convenient and comfortable 方便舒适的

create an impressive skyline （现代的高楼）形成壮观的天际线

对比:

repairs and maintenance 维修和保养（名词短语）

involve high costs 涉及到很高的费用

lack character （现代建筑）缺乏鲜明的特色

（更多的城市、建筑类短语请看《速查手册》p. 92）

—34 —
 城市类 你怎样用英语表达它们？

把城市划分成一些区域 （更多的人搬到城市）导致 让一个城市的布局更加清晰

农村劳动力的短缺
被压力和焦虑困扰 甚至不认识他们的邻居
更高的犯罪率（名词短语）
（城市按功能分区）导致一 生活的节奏很快
些地区的交通量上升 更好的公共服务
生活压力很大，“压力山大”
城市规划师 很高的生活开支，很高的生
实现对于土地的高效利用
活成本（名词短语）
（城市）过于拥挤的
享受文化的多样性
减少居住区里的污染
城市居民（名词短语）
严重地依赖于快餐
经常加班
（城市居民）有更多的娱乐
拥有更多的就业机会
和购物选择 面对激烈的就业竞争
挣更高的薪酬
（城市里的居民）感觉生活 缺乏归属感
与大自然脱节 住房短缺（名词短语）
缺乏社区感
感到孤独而且很孤立

建筑类你怎样用英语表达它们？

被视为艺术品 让当地的文化变得更丰富 维修和保养（名词短语）

对当地的经济做出贡献 让它们变得更安全 吸引很多的游客

方便舒适的 让它们适应现代生活的需要 （现代的高楼）形成壮观的

天际线
建筑的功能（名词短语） 涉及到很高的费用
（现代建筑）安全可靠的
（历史建筑，历史课）帮助 是我们的文化传承的一个重
我们了解、感受过去 要部分 （现代建筑）缺乏鲜明的特色

（历史建筑）让城市变得更 替换旧的设备 著名的标志性建筑（名词短语）

有吸引力
v_

城市、建筑类短语
—35 —
Pafs Ten-Day Guide
 1 语言、
Some people think that governments should spend public money on 文化、
saving minority languages. Others, however, believe that would be a
艺术类
waste of public money. Discuss both these views and give your own
真题
________________
opinion.

2
In multi-cultural societies, people of different cultural backgrounds live
and work together. Do you think the advantages of multi-cultural
societies outweigh the disadvantages?

3
Some people think that governments should give financial support to
artists such as painters, sculptors and musicians. Others, however,
believe that artists should be funded by other sources. Discuss both
these views and give your own opinion.

Language, 解析答案
Culture & Art 见110页

、语言类 高频Phrase回放
I
I
is more than a means of communication
!（语言）并不仅仅是一种交流的方式

is an important part of people's cultural heritage

| 是人们的文化传承的一个重要部分

reading and writing skills 读写技能（名词短语）

expand their vocabulary 扩大词汇量

语言、文化、艺术类真题 —36 —
 bilingual skills 双语技能（名词短语）

expand their horizons 扩展他们的眼界

compete in a global job market 在全球化的就业市场中竞争

have more job opportunities 有更多的就业机会

have more entertainment choices 有更多的娱乐选择

a minority language 小语种（对比：a majority language 主流语种）

a global language 全球通用的语言（名词短语）

remove the language barrier 消除语言的障碍

make communication more efficient 让沟通变得更高效

对比:

is only spoken by a small number of people （小语种）只有很少的人说

language barrier沟通时的语言障碍（名词短语）

lead to misunderstanding 导致误解

feel isolated （母语是小语种的人）感到很孤立

are treated unfairly 受到不公平的对待

（更多的语言类短语请看 《速查手册》p. 123）

［文化类 高频Phrase回放

traditions and customs 传统和风俗（名词短语）

traditional values 传统的价值观，这个短语总是用复数values （名词短语）

—37 — 语言、文化、艺术类短语
 protect their cultural heritage 保护他们的文化传承

gain a better understanding of their cultural heritage

更好地理解他们的文化传承

inspire young people 激励年轻人

people from a wide variety of backgrounds

来自于各种各样不同背景的人们

respect cultural differences 尊重文化的差异

enjoy cultural diversity 享受文化的多样性

对比:

reduce cultural diversity （全球化）减少文化的多样性

have similar lifestyles （不同国家的人们）过着很相似的生活

threaten traditional lifestyles 对传统的生活方式构成威胁

（注意动词threaten的拼写）

threaten their cultural heritage 对他们的文化传承构成威胁

erode their cultural identity 削弱他们的文化认同感

spread their own culture 传播自己的文化

weaken other cultures 削弱其它的文化

consumer culture 不是消费者文化 ，而是"崇尚消费的文化”（名词短语）

become selfish and greedy 变得自私而且贪婪

（更多的文化类短语请看《速查手册》p.125）

语言、文化、艺术类短语 —38 —
艺术类高频Phrase回放

public art公共艺术（名词短语）

enrich the local culture （公共艺术，历史建筑）让当地的文化变得更丰富

attract many tourists 吸引很多的游客

contribute to the local economy 为当地的经济做贡献

create jobs （艺术产业 the art industry）创造就业

works of art 艺术品（名词短语）

paintings and sculptures 绘画和雕塑（名词短语）

make children more creative 让儿童变得更有创造力

think creatively 创造性地思考

encourage imagination and creativity

激发想象力和创造力（例如：艺术课、家长给孩子读故事）

government funding 政府提供的资助（名词短语）

private donations 私人的捐赠（名词短语）

earn money by selling their work （艺术家）出售作品来获得收入

art collectors 艺术收藏家（名词短语）

对比:

are under-funded （美术馆、公共艺术）缺乏资金

have more important concerns （政府）还有其它更急需解决的问题

only have limited funds （政府）只有有限的资金

（更多的艺术类短语请看《速查手册》p. 129）

—39 — 语言、文化、艺术类短语
 - ------- - - ----- - 5-—'… 、
语言类你怎样用英语表达？

导致误解 全球通用的语言（名词短语） 小语种

读写技能（名词短语） 让沟通变得更高效 （小语种）只有很•少的人说

沟通时的语言障碍（名词短语） 是人们的文化传承的一个重 有更多的就业机会

要部分
扩大词汇量 有更多的娱乐选择
受到不公平的对待
扩展他们的眼界 （语言）并不仅仅是一种交
双语技能（名词短语） 流的方式
（母语是小语种的人）感到
很孤立 消除语言的障碍 在全球化的就业市场中竞争

… ,... — ... j …〜一

- — ~ — 一mnm™— ‘ 一一〜，一 eff ' ■ 、

文化类你怎样用英语表达？

保护他们的文化传承 传统的价值观（名词短语） 激励年轻人

变得自私而且贪婪 传统和风俗（名词短语） （全球化）减少文化的多样性

不是消费者文化，而是“崇 对传统的生活方式构成威胁 享受文化的多样性

尚消费的文化”（名词短语）
对他们的文化传承构成威胁 削弱其它的文化
（不同国家的人们）过着很
更好地理解他们的文化传承 削弱他们的文化认同感
相似的生活
来自于各种各样不同背景 尊重文化的差异
传播自己的文化
的人们
J . ...... 一7—、... 卜,

艺术类你怎样用英语表达？

创造性地思考 让儿童变得更有创造力 艺术品（名词短语）

（公共艺术，历史建筑）让 私人的捐赠（名词短语） 艺术收藏家（名词短语）

当地的文化变得更丰富
为当地的经济做贡献 （政府）还有其它更急需解
公共艺术（名词短语） 决的问题
吸引很多的游客
绘画和雕塑（名词短语） 政府提供的资助（名词短
创造就业
语）
激发想象力和创造力
（艺术家）出售作品来获得收入
（政府）只有有限的资金
（美术馆、公共艺术）缺乏资金
、 一 . . .. . ....

语言、文化、艺术类短语
—40 —
Pat s Ten-Day Guide
环境类I 1

真题 Natural resources, such as oil, forests and fresh water, are being

consumed at an alarming rate. What problems does this cause? How

can we solve these problems?

2
Some people think that most of the world's problems are caused by

overpopulation. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

3
Some people think that people should be given the right to use fresh

water as they like. Others, however, believe that governments should

control the use of fresh water. Discuss both these views and give your
own opinion.

4
Some people think that the amount of noise that people make
should be strictly controlled. Others, however, believe that people

should be free to make as much noise as they wish. Discuss both

these views and give your own opinion.

5
Nowadays both scientists and tourists can visit remote natural

environments such as the South Pole. Do you think the advantages of

this outweigh the disadvantages?

0形容词remote是指“偏远的"，例如地道短语remote areas偏远地区

—41 环境类真题
6

Some people think that governments should spend money on the

search for life on other planets, while others believe that is a waste of

public money because there are still many problems on Earth.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

7
Many scientists believe that intelligent life forms may exist on other

planets. Some scientists want to send messages to them. Others,

however, think that these life forms may be too dangerous. Discuss

both these views and give your own opinion.

Environment 解析答案
A*见112页

［环境类 高频Phrase回放

reduce waste and pollution 减少垃圾废料和污染

（这个短语里的waste不是浪费，而是“垃圾、废料”）

reuse shopping bags 重复使用购物袋

recycle cans and bottles 循环利用瓶瓶罐罐

reduce people's dependence on private cars 减少人们对私家车的依赖

use public transport 使用公共交通

walk or cycle to work 步行或者骑车上班

环境类真题 —42 —
 run campaigns to encourage people to
（政府、环保组织）举办大规模的宣传活动鼓励人们去 ... （use public transport
使用公共交通,exercise regularly经常锻炼等）

boost environmental awareness 提高人们的环境意识

（这个短语里要用形容词environmental）

encourage people to use natural resources responsibly 鼓励人们负 责任地使用 自

然资源，不滥用自然资源（例如：use water responsibly）

conserve water 节 约用水

（conserve natural resources 节约使用自然资源）

electric cars 电动汽车（名词短语）

more eco-friendly 更有益于环保的

develop clean energy technology 发展清洁能源技术

renewable energy 可再生 的能源

（例如:solar energy 太阳能,wind energy 风能）

is a long-term solution 是一种长期有效的解决办法

future generations 未来的人们，未来的世世代代

对比:

create waste and pollution 产生垃圾废料和污染

fossil fuels化石燃料
（指oil, natural gas and coal石油，天然气和煤等）

car fumes汽车的尾气（名词短语）

pollute the air 污染空气

—43 — 环境类短语
 pollute the environment 污染环境

cause damage to the environment 对环境造成破坏

contribute to global warming 加剧全球变暖

contribute to climate change 加剧气候变化

increase greenhouse gas emissions 增加温室效应气体的排放

（对比：reduce carbon emission 减少碳排放）

cause health problems 带来健康问题

pose health risks 构成健康方面的风险

（“pose”不止是拍照时可以用，pose health risks也是地道英文里的高频短语）

fine companies that pollute the environment 对污染环境的公司进行罚款

log forests砍伐森林

rapid population growth 高速的人口增长（名词短语）

become overcrowded （城市）变得过于拥挤

increases the demand for natural resources 增加对于自 然资源的需求

depend on weather conditions （太阳能、风能等）取决于天气的状况

is not a reliable source of energy 并不是可靠的能源

（更多的环境类短语请看 《速查手册》p. 140）

环境类短语 —44 —
 「- " ■一 - --- ------- '-5' ----- ----- ' r ' …… ' 一
— ■ ' 、
环境类你怎样用英吾表达它们

并不是可靠的能源 节约用水

步行或者骑车上班 砍伐森林

产生垃圾废料和污染 可再生的能源

（城市）变得过于拥挤 汽车的尾气（名词短语）

带来健康问题 使用公共交通

电动汽车（名词短语） 是一种长期有效的解决办法

对环境造成破坏 （太阳能、风能等）取决于天气的状况

对污染环境的公司进行罚款 提高人们的环境意识
发展清洁能源技术
未来的人们，未来的世世代代
高速的人口增长（名词短语）
污染环境
更有益于环保的
污染空气
鼓励人们负责任地使用自然资源，不滥用自
循环利用瓶瓶罐罐
然资源
增加对于自然资源的需求
构成健康方面的风险
增加温室效应气体的排放
化石燃料
（政府、环保组织）举办大规模的宣传活动
加剧气候变化■
鼓励人们去....
加剧全球变暖
重复使用购物袋
减少垃圾废料和污染

减少人们对私家车的依赖
X______________________________________

环境类短语
—45 —
Pafs Ten-Day Guide
 1 枝食和|
In some countries, imported food is increasingly popular. Do you 健康类|
think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
MH
2
Some people think that governments should do more to help citizens
to develop healthy diets. Others, however, believe that individuals
should be responsible for their own diets. Discuss both these views
and give your own opinion.

3
Some people believe that health care should be free for everyone,
while others think that free health care can lead to a range of
problems. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Food & Health 解析答案；

见117页

| t欠食和健更芝 高频Phrase回放

I
have a healthy lifestyle 保持健康的生活方式

develop a healthy lifestyle 形成健康的生活方式

have an active lifestyle 经常运动锻炼

improve their health 增进健康

I

maintain good health 保持身体健康

exercise regularly 经常锻炼身体

—46 —
play outdoor sports 从事户外运动

walk or cycle to work 步行或者骑车上班

reduce their dependence on their cars 减少他们对于汽车的依赖

reduce the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure

减少患心脏病和高血压的风险

reduce stress and anxiety 减轻压力和焦虑

have a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食

is more nutritious （新鲜的食品）更有营养

have home-cooked meals

吃在家做的饭菜（对比：rely on fast food 依赖快餐）

boost crop yield （农业科技，转基因技术）提高农作物的产量

increase food supplies （农业科技）增加食品供应

prevent food shortages 预防食品的短缺

对比:

develop an unhealthy lifestyle 形成不健康的生活方式

develop a sedentary lifestyle

（经常上网、看电视的人们）形成缺乏运动锻炼的生活方式

rely too much on their cars 过度依赖他们的汽车

cause health problems 导致健康问题

cause damage to their health 破坏他们的健康

increase the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure

增加患心脏病和高血压的风险

—47 —
 increase the risk of obesity 增加患肥胖症的风险

damage their eyesight （看电视或者打游戏太久）伤害他们的视力

become addicted to junk food 对垃圾食品上瘾

contain too much fat and sugar （快餐）含过多的脂肪和糖

contain harmful chemicals （远距离运输的食品）含有害的化学物质

pose health risks to consumers 对消费者的健康构成威胁

（“pose”不只是摆拍，pose health risks也是英文里的一个常用短语）

（更多的饮食和健康类短语请看《速查手册》p. 104）

1 \
饮食和健康类你怎样用英语表达它们？

保持健康的生活方式 减少患心脏病和高血压的风险 破坏他们的健康

保持均衡的饮食 戒少他们对于汽车的依赖 （新鲜的食品）更有营养

保持身体健康 经常锻炼身体 形成不健康的生活方式

步行或者骑车上班 （经常上网、看电视的人们） 形成健康的生活方式

形成缺乏运动锻炼的生活方式
吃在家做的饭菜 依赖快餐
经常运动锻炼
从事户外运动 预防食品的短缺
（看电视或者打游戏太久）
导致健康问题 （远距离运输的食品）含有
伤害他们的视力
害的化学物质
对垃圾食品上瘾
（快餐）含过多的脂肪和糖
增加患肥胖症的风险
对消费者的健康构成威胁
（农业科技）增加食品供应
增加患心脏病和高血压的风险
过度依赖他们的汽车 （农业科技，转基因技术）
增进健康
减轻压力和焦虑 提高农作物的产量
1_____ _______

—48 —
运动类 1
Some people think that it is better to take part in team sports, while
真题
others believe that individual sports are better. Discuss both these
view and give your own opinion.

2
Some countries achieve success in international sports events by
building specialised sports facilities to train top athletes instead of
providing sports facilities that everyone can use. Do you think this is a
positive or negative development?

3
Some people think that dangerous sports should be banned, while
others think that people should have the freedom to choose the sports
activities that they want to do. Discuss both these views and give your
opinion.

Sports 解析答案
见119页

,运动类 高频Phrase回放

have an active lifestyle 经常运动锻炼

exercise regularly 经常锻炼身体

increase strength and speed 提高力量和速度

improve hand-eye coordination （运动）增强手和眼的协调能力

improve memory and concentration 增强记忆力和 注意力

—49 — 运动类真题
 boost their academic performance 提升（青少年的）学业表现

achieve success 获得成功

give them a sense of achievement 给他们一种成就感

inspiring achievements （体育运动队的成功）令人振奋的成就（名词短语）

boost national pride 提升公众的民族自豪感

build understanding and trust （国际体育比赛）建立理解和相互信任

role models 榜样（名词短语）

inspire young people 激励年轻人

对比:

involve high risks 涉及到很高的风险

（例 如：dangerous sports 危险运动，space flights 太空飞行）

sports injuries 运动损伤（名词短语）

compete unfairly 不公平地竞争 （反义：compete fairly）

（更多的运动类短语请看《速查手册》p. 110）

运动类你怎样用英语表达它们？

榜样（名词短语） 激励年轻人 提升（青少年的）学业表现

不公平地竞争 经常锻炼身体 （体育运动队的成功）令人

振奋的成就（名词短语）
给他们一种成就感 经常运动锻炼
运动损伤（名词短语）
（国际体育比赛）建立理解 涉及到很高的风险
和相互信任 （运动）增强手和眼的协调能力
提高力量和速度
获得成功 增强记忆力和注意力
提升公众的民族自豪感
X. 一 ... . . . .... ..

—50 —
家庭类 1
In many countries, people have children later in life than in the past.
M ®J
What are the causes of this? Do the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages?

2
In some countries, there has been an increase in the number of
parents who educate their children at home instead of sending their
children to school. Do you think it is a positive or a negative
development?

3
Today, more and more people choose to live by themselves. What
are the causes of this? Is this a positive or negative development?

腿live by themselves是地道英文里的固定短语 ，含义就相当于live alone

4
The tradition of eating meals together as a family is disappearing.
What are the causes of this? What effects does this trend have?

5
In the past, people spent their whole lives in the same place.
However, nowadays more and more people move several times in
their lives. What are the causes of this trend? Is this a positive or
negative development?

Family 解析答案
见 121 页：

—51 — 家庭类真题
家庭类高频Phrase回放

share household responsibilities （夫妻双方）共同分担家庭的各项责任

share ideas and feelings 分享想法和感受

build bonds with their children （父母）增进与孩子的亲情

（例如：给孩子读故事，带孩子锻炼等）

respect their choices （家长）尊重他们的选择

boost their brain development 促进（儿童的）大脑发育

role models 榜样（名词短语）

teach them good behaviour 教他们良好的行为

teach them the difference between right and wrong 教他们明辨是非

develop a sense of responsibility 形成责任感

achieve a work-family balance / achieve a balance between work and family

（父母）实现工作与家庭之间的平衡

对比:

working parents 工作的家长们（名词短语）

have busy careers 工作很繁忙

spoil their children 溺爱孩子

are addicted to social media 对社交媒体上瘾

reduce face-to-face interaction （手机、互联网）减少面对面的沟通交流

family members 家庭成员（名词短语）

—52 —
are not as close as they used to be （家庭成员）不像他们过去那么亲密了

high childcare costs 请人照看孩子的高昂费用（名词短语）

look after their grandchildren （祖父母）照看孙辈

have different ideas about child rearing （祖父母和父母）对育儿有着不同的见解

have traditional ideas about child rearing （祖父母）育儿观念很传统

have different lifestyles 有不同的生活方式

lead to misunderstanding 导致误解

low birth rates 低出生率（名词短语）

high living costs 高昂的生活开支（名词短语）

delay parenthood 推迟当家长

will cause labour shortages 将会导致劳动力的短缺

reduce productivity 降低生产率

increase child benefits （政府）增加儿童福利

（更多的家庭类短语请看 《速查手册》p. 51）

—53 —
 -------- - ' '' '■■■■' ' L 1■ - - A

家庭类你怎样用英语表达它们？

榜样（名词短语） 将会导致劳动力的短缺

促进（儿童的）大脑发育 降低生产率

导致误解 教他们良好的行为

低出生率（名词短语） 教他们明辨是非

对社交媒体上瘾 请人照看孩子的高昂费用（名词短语）

分享想法和感受 溺爱孩子

（夫妻双方）共同分担家庭的各项责任 （手机、互联网）减少面对面的沟通交流

（父母）实现工作与家庭之间的平衡 推迟当家长

（父母）增进与孩子的亲情 形成责任感

高昂的生活开支（名词短语） 有不同的生活方式

工作的家长们（名词短语） （政府）增加儿童福利

工作很繁忙 （祖父母和父母）对育儿有着不同的见解

（家长）尊重他们的选择 （祖父母）育儿观念很传统

（家庭成员）不像他们过去那么亲密了 （祖父母）照看孙辈

家庭成员（名词短语）
\__

—54 —
女性类 1

|M ® In many countries, working women can take a few months of maternity

leave after childbirth. Do you think the advantages of this outweigh

the disadvantages?

2
Some people think that women should be able to become members of

the army, navy and air force just like men. To what extent do you

agree or disagree?

Women 解析答案
见125页

［女性类 高频Phrase回放

ensure fairness 确保公平

have equal opportunities 拥有平等的权利

（例如：equal opportunities for employment 平等的就业权利，
equal opportunities for promotion 平等的升职权利，
equal educational opportunities 平等的受教育权利）

gender equality 性别平等（名词短语）

gender balance （公司里、学校里的）男女性别均衡

（反义:gender imbalance男女失衡）

are more patient and caring 更有耐心和爱心

achieve career success 获得事业的成功

hl
—55 — 性类真
achieve their potential充分发挥出她们的潜力

share household responsibilities

（男女双方）共同分担家庭的各项责任

对比:

gender bias 性别偏见（名词短语）

traditional gender roles 传统观念里男性和女性各自应有的社会角色 （名词短语）

are treated unfairly 受到不公平的对待

male-dominated professions 男性占主导地位的职业（名词短语）

require physical strength 需要很强的体力（对比：communication skills 沟通技

能，teamwork skills 团队合作的技能，patience and confidence 耐心和信心）

have busy careers 有忙碌的事业

high living costs 高昂的生活开支（名词短语）

low birth rates 低出生率（名词短语）

delay motherhood推迟作母亲

will cause labour shortages 将会导致劳动力的短缺

increase child benefits （政府）增加儿童福利

（更多的女性类短语请看《速查手册》p. 118）

—56 —
女性类你怎样用英语表达它们？

充分发挥出她们的潜力
确保公平
传统观念里男性和女性各自应有的社会角色
（名词短语） 受到不公平的对待

低出生率（名词短语） 推迟作母亲

高昂的生活开支（名词短语）
性别偏见（名词短语）
更有耐心和爱心
性别平等（名词短语）
（公司里、学校里的）男女性别均衡
需要很强的体力
获得事业的成功
拥有平等的权利
将会导致劳动力的短缺
有忙碌的事业
（男女双方）共同分担家庭的各项责任
（政府）增加儿童福利
男性占主导地位的职业（名词短语）

女性类短语
—57 —
Pafs Ten-Day Guide
1 老人、
Some people believe that it is a good idea for elderly people to 长辈类!
continue to work. Do you agree or disagree?
M ®
2
Some working parents believe that childcare centers can provide the
best care for their children. Others, however, think that family
members, such as grandparents, can do it better. Discuss both
these views and give your own opinion.

隐working parents是我们在Day 7里学过的短语，指“工作的家长们”

:Elderly People 解析答案：

见126页

［老人、长辈类 高频Phrase回放

have more life experience 有更多的人生经验

are more patient and understanding 更有耐心而且体谅别人

（形容词understanding：理解体谅别人的）

look after their grandchildren 照看孙辈

share their life experience with their grandchildren

和孙辈分享人生经验

bring them joy and happiness 给老年人带来快乐和幸福感

give them a sense of achievement 给他们一种成就感

keep their minds sharp 帮助他们保持思维敏捷

—58 —
are loyal and reliable （老年员工）忠诚可靠的

have more professional experience 有更丰富的专业经验

对比:

have traditional ideas about child rearing （老人）关于育儿的观念很传统

lead to misunderstanding 导致误解

feel lonely and unhappy 感到孤独而且不快乐

feel lonely and isolated 感到孤独而且很孤立

feel useless and unwanted 感到自己毫无价值，不被别人需要

put pressure on the healthcare system （人口老龄化）对医疗体系构成压力

cause labour shortages （人口老龄化）导致劳动力的短缺

（因为：工作的成年人working adults减少）

reduce productivity 降低生产率

increase the burden on taxpayers 增力口纳税人的负担

state pensions 政府发放的公共养老金（名词短语）

are more open-minded （年轻的员工）心态更开放，更愿意接受新事物

are more innovative （年轻的员工）有更强的创新能力

are more ambitious and energetic 更有志向而且精力更充沛

（更多的老人、长辈类短语请看《速查手册》p. 114）

—59 —
----------------- ---------------------------------- —------------------------------------ ----------- -1 --------- - — f™ …-

老人、长辈类你怎样用英语表达它们 ？

帮助他们保持思维敏捷 （老人）关于育儿的观念很传统

导致误解 （年轻的员工）心态更开放，更愿意接受新
事物
感到孤独而且不快乐
（年轻的员工）有更强的创新能力
感到孤独而且很孤立
（人口老龄化）导致劳动力的短缺
感到自己毫无价值，不被别人需要
（人口老龄化）对医疗体系构成压力
给老年人带来快乐和幸福感
有更多的人生经验
给他们一种成就感
有更丰富的专业经验
更有耐心而且体谅别人
增加纳税人的负担
更有志向而且精力更充沛
照看孙辈
和孙辈分享人生经验
政府发放的公共养老金（名词短语）
降低生产率

（老年员工）忠诚可靠的
V . ............. 一

—60 —
犯罪类 1
Some people think that young people who have committed serious
真题
crimes, such as robberies or violent attacks, should be punished in
the same way as adult offenders. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

2
Recently, a 14-year-old student who had caused serious damage to
his school was required to clean local streets. Some people think that
young offenders should be sent to prison instead of being required to
clean streets. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

3
Some people think that offenders should be put in prison. Others,
however, believe that providing offenders with education and training
is more effective than putting them in prison. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

4
Many people are afraid of leaving their homes because of the fear of
crime. Some people think that more actions should be taken to
prevent crime. Others, however, believe that little can be done.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

5
Some people believe that a police force carrying guns will encourage
a higher level of violence in society. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Crime 解析答案
•hw 见128页

—61
—
犯罪类高频Phrase回放

reduce crime rates 降低犯罪率

prevent crime 预防犯罪

deter criminals 震慑罪犯

reform criminals 改造罪犯

make them reflect on their actions 让他们反思自己的行为

（注意：不要漏掉reflect后面的on）

prepare them for employment 帮助他们为就业做准备

provide them with vocational training 为他们提供职业培训

（vocational的前两个字母是vo）

provide them with career guidance 为他们提供就业指导

become useful members of society 成为可以创造有用价值的社会成员

have a steady source of income 有一份无急定的收入

support themselves 这个地道短语不是指支持自己，而是“自力更生”的意思

make communities safer 让社区变得更加安全

use guns responsibly （警察）负责地使用枪支 ，不滥用枪支

对比:

commit crime 犯罪（地道英文里不写make crime X ）

threaten people's safety 威胁人们的安全 （注意threaten的拼写）

are sent to prison 被送进监狱

—62 —
lose their freedom 失去 自 由

lead to resentment 导致怨恨情绪

have a criminal record 有犯罪记录

are not treated fairly 受到不公正的对待

are likely to re-offend 很可能会再次犯罪

Internet crime 网络犯罪

（例如:online fraud网络诈骗,cyberbullying网络欺凌）

income inequality 收入不均（名词短语）

low-income families 低收入的家庭（名词短语）

live in poverty 生活在贫困中

promote violence （电影、电视节目、电子游戏）宣扬暴力

violent images 暴力的画面（名词短语）

copy what they see in the media （青少年）模仿他们在媒体里看到的内容

become aggressive or violent 变得具有攻击性或者很暴力

（更多的犯罪类短语请看《速查手册》p. 149）

—63 —
 -■ ■ ■ ' - 1 1 ■" 、

犯罪类你怎样用英语表达它们？

帮助他们为就业做准备 让他们反思自己的行为

暴力的画面（名词短语） 生活在贫困中

被送进监狱 失去自由

变得具有攻击性或者很暴力 收入不均（名词短语）

成为可以创造有用价值的社会成员 受到不公正的对待

导致怨恨情绪 网络犯罪

低收入的家庭（名词短语） 威胁人们的安全

（电影、电视节目、电子游戏）宣扬暴力 为他们提供就业指导

犯罪 为他们提供职业培训

改造罪犯 有犯罪记录

很可能会再次犯罪 有一份稳定的收入

降低犯罪率 预防犯罪

（警察）负责地使用枪支，不滥用枪支 这个地道短语不是指支持自己，而是“自力
更生”的意思
（青少年）模仿他们在媒体里看到的内容
震慑罪犯
让社区变得更加安全
k ________________

—64 —
全球化类 1

真题 In many countries, people eat more food from other countries than
local food. Do you think the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages?

2
Some people think that the increasing business cooperation and
cultural exchanges between countries are a positive development.
Others, however, believe that they lead to the loss of national
identity. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

3
Some people believe that famous people's support for international aid
organisations draws attention to the problems in developing countries,
while others think that celebrities make these problems less important.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

. 思考：这道真题里的动词 draw为什么用“单三”形式？

4
Some people think that charities should help people in the greatest
need, regardless of where they live. Others, however, think that
charities should concentrate on helping people in need in their own
countries. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Globalisation 解析答案
见132页

—65 —
 全球化类 高频Phrase回放

are interconnected （国家之间、经济之间）是相互联系的

international trade 国际贸易（名词短语）

multinational corporations 跨国公司

（例如：Apple苹果，Walmart沃尔玛，Starbucks星巴克）

have the advantage of scale 拥有大企业的优势，拥有规模经济的优势

（注意：这个短语里的scale用单数）

compete in a global market 在全球化的市场当中竞争

provide consumers with more choices 为消费者提供更多的选择

boost economic growth 促进经济的增长

create jobs 创造就业

raise people's standard of living 提高人们的生活水平

build understanding and trust 建立理解和相互信任

exchange ideas and information 交换想法和信息

become more open-minded 变得心态更开放，更愿意接受不同的事物

respect cultural differences 尊重文化的差异

reduce their dependence on international aid

减少（接受援助的国家 ）对于国际援助的依赖

improve infrastructure 改善基础设施

对比:
are driven by profit （跨国公司，广告等）是受营利目的驱动的

pollute the local environment 污染当地的环境

are mass-produced （跨国公司的产品）是大批量生产的

have similar lifestyles （不同国家的人们）过着很相似的生活

全球化类短语 —66 —
 reduce cultural diversity 减少文化的多样性

threaten their cultural heritage 威胁他们的文化传承

（注意threaten的拼写）

erode their cultural identity 削弱他们的文化认同感

take away jobs from local people 抢走当地人的就业机会

is a waste of public money （一些人认为国际援助）是对于公共资金的浪费

live in hunger and poverty 生活在饥饿与贫困当中

misuse international aid 滥用国际援助

（更多的全球化类短语请看《速查手册》p. 132）

全球化类你怎样用英语表达它们？

变得心态更开放，更愿意接 减少文化的多样性 提高人们的生活水平

受不同的事物
建立理解和相互信任 威胁他们的文化传承
（不同国家的人们）过着很
交换想法和信息 为消费者提供更多的选择
相似的生活
跨国公司 污染当地的环境
创造就业
（跨国公司的产品）是大批 削弱他们的文化认同感
促进经济的增长
量生产的
（一些人认为国际援助）是
改善基础设施
（跨国公司，广告等）是受 对于公共资金的浪费
国际贸易（名词短语） 营利目的驱动的
拥有大企业的优势，拥有规
（国家之间、经济之间）是 滥用国际援助 模经济的优势
相互联系的
抢走当地人的就业机会 在全球化的市场当中竞争
减少（接受援助的国家）对
生活在饥饿与贫困当中 尊重文化的差异
于国际援助的依赖

X
I

—67 —
1 「旅游奏；
It is not necessary for people to travel to other places to learn about
other cultures. They can learn as much about other cultures from
M ®
books, films and the Internet as from travelling. Do you agree or
disagree with this opinion?

2
Many museums and historic sites are mainly visited by tourists rather
than by local residents. What are the causes of this? How can
museums and historic sites attract more local visitors?

Tourism 解析答案
见135页

I旅游类 高频Phrase回放

attract many tourists 吸引大量的游客（旅游景点：tourist attractions）

experience another culture first-hand 直接地体验另一种文化

interact with local people 与当地人交流互动

gain a better understanding of another culture 获得对另一种文化更加深入的 了 解

build understanding and trust 建立理解和相互信任

respect the local culture 尊重当地的文化

explore the local culture 探索当地的文化

create jobs （旅游业tourism）创造就业

contribute to the economy 对经济做出贡献

—68 —
boost economic growth 促进经济的增长

more affordable （出国旅游，乘飞机旅行）价位更加合理

offer free admission （旅游景点、博物馆）提供免费参观

pay taxes to the local government （当地人）向当地政府交税

spend money on local goods and services （游客）消费当地的商品和服^务

buy souvenirs 购买纪念品

contribute to the local economy 对当地的经济做出贡献

admission revenue （旅游景点、博物馆等）来自门票的收入（名词短语）

government funding 由政府提供的资助 （名词短语）

private donations 私人的捐赠（名词短语）

increase their collections （博物馆）增加它们的馆藏

hands-on activities 允许参观者自己动手参与的活动（名词短语）

are interesting and educational有趣而且又有知识性的，"寓教于乐的”

对比:

threaten the local traditions and customs 对当地的传统和风俗构成威胁

festivals and ceremonies 节日和仪式（名词短语）

are over-commercialised 被过度商业彳匕

change their traditions and customs （当地居民们）改变他们的传统和风俗

meet tourists' expectations 迎合游客们的期望

（更多的旅游类短语请看《速查手册》p.136）

—69 — 旅游突短语
旅游类你怎样用英语表达它们？

被过度商业化
节日和仪式（名词短语）
（博物馆）增加它们的馆藏
（旅游景点、博物馆）提供免费参观
（出国旅游，乘飞机旅行）价位更加合理
私人的捐赠（名词短语）
促进经济的增长
探索当地的文化
（当地居民们）改变他们的传统和风俗
吸引大量的游客
（当地人）向当地政府交税
迎合游客们的期望
对当地的传统和风俗构成威胁
由政府提供的资助（名词短语）
对当地的经济做出贡献
（游客）消费当地的商品和服务
对经济做出贡献
有趣而且又有知识性的，“寓教于乐的”
购头纪念品
与当地人交流互动
获得对另一种文化更加深入的了解
允许参观者自己动手参与的活动（名词短语）
建立理解和相互信任
直接地体验另一种文化
（旅游景点、博物馆等）来自门票的收入
（名词短语） 尊重当地的文化

—70 —
raw 1

真题 Some people think that the time and money spent on the protection of
wild animals should be spent on improving human lives instead. Do
you agree or disagree?

2
It is no longer necessary to use animals for food, clothing or medical
research. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Animals解析答案
见136页

［动物类 高频Phrase回放

create more nature reserves 创建更多的自然保护区

protect biodiversity 保护生物的多样性

medical research 医学研究（名词短语）

develop new vaccines 研发新的疫苗

test their safety 检测（药物或疫苗）的安全性

reduce their suffering （进行动物实验的时候 ）减少它们的痛苦

对比:

destroy natural habitats 破坏动植物的自然栖息地

log forests砍伐森林

pollute rivers and lakes 污染河流和湖泊

—71
 reduce biodiversity 减少生物的多样性

disrupt food chains 扰乱食物链

cause natural disasters 导致自然灾害

illegal trade in animal products 非法的动物制品交易，

例如：ivory象牙和rhino horns犀牛角的交易（名词短语）
I
endangered species 濒危物种（名词短语）

die out / go extinct （物种）灭绝

cause pain to them （动物实验）给动物造成痛苦

is morally wrong 从道德角度来看是错误的，是不道德的

（更多的动物类短语请看《速查手册》p. 146）

动物类你怎样用英语表达它们？

保护生物的多样性 （进行动物实验的时候）减少它们的痛苦

濒危物种（名词短语） 砍伐森林

创建更多的自然保护区 破坏动植物的自然栖息地

从道德角度来看是错误的，是不道德的 扰乱食物链

导致自然灾害 污染河流和湖泊

（动物实验）给动物造成痛苦 （物种）灭绝

非法的动物制品交易 研发新的疫苗

检测（药物或疫苗）的安全性 医学研究（名词短语）

减少生物的多样性

—72 —
 思路练习答案

Answers
科技类真题的ideas

除了可以自己想ideas,您也可以借助我们在Day 2里讲过的“裸奔法”
高频理由来启发自己。

例如，和这道考题相关的提示理由有 ：技能（包括就业）、效率、
权利、责任、环境、健康、财务（包括经济）、乐趣都有可能。

感觉和这道考题关系并不明显的理由：安全，其实也不是完全不可能
相关，比如在家里学习可以躲开校园暴力，在家里上班可以躲开交通事故

等，但是这些理由感觉很牵强 ，那么就坚决不要使用了。保证idea扣题是
首要任务，就用和话题有直接联系的理由已经足够了

在家远程上班或者上学的好处可供选用的分论点
（理由，也就是“ideas”）

Working or studying from home can give people more freedom.（权利）

Distance learning students can study at their own pace.（权利）

This trend helps to reduce traffic congestion,（效率）

It also helps to reduce carbon emissions.（环境）

Employees who work from home are more likely to have healthy lifestyles.（健康）

are more likely to：实用句型，“更有可能会.... "

People can save money on transport by working or studying from home.（财务）

—73 — 科技类真题的ideas
 People can work for companies that are located in other parts of the world.（就业）

Companies that allow employees to work from home can reduce costs.（财务）

在家远程上班或者上学的缺点可供选用的分论点

（理由，即ideas）

Spending too much time working at home can make employees feel isolated.（心
理健康）

Distance learning students do not have face-to-face interaction with their

classmates,（乐趣）

Distance learning is not likely to help students to develop good learning habits.
（技能）

在这个练习里，我为每一道真题都提供了数量比较多的分论点 （理由，也就

是“ideas”），希望可以帮助您开阔思路。在藉寒匣定成作曳侦楚筮丕耘
想出这么多的分论点。IELTS essays是典型的short essays,五段式作文里对每一
方写1~2个分论点，四段式作文里对每一方写 2〜3个分论点，并且紧紧围绕这
些分论点（reasons）写出平实、清晰的展开支持句（supporting sentences）,就已
经完全可以达到IELTS议论文的高分要求了 。

例如，如果选择对这道真题写五段式（也就是写3个主体段，前两个主体
段论述一方，第三个主体段论述另一方），那么其中一个主体段就可以写成：

（分论点）Working or studying from home can give people more freedom.

（然后用平实、易懂的语言写出这个分论点的支持句）It allows them to

choose how they work or study. This means that they do not need t。follow

the strict workplace or school rules about dress or behaviour. For example,

employees who work from home can wear casual clothes that make them

more comfortable at work and listen t。music when they feel tired.

—74 —
 如果要对这道真题写四段式（也就是写两个主体段，第一个主体段论述一
方，第二个主体段论述另一方），那么第一个主体段则可以写成：

（第 1 个分论点）Working or studying from home can give people more

freedom.（它的支持句）They do not need to follow the strict workplace or

school rules about dress or behaviour. For example, employees who work from

home can wear casual clothes that make them more comfortable at work

and listen to music when they feel tired.（第 2 个分论点）Another

advantage is that people who work or study at home can develop healthier

lifestyles.（它的支持句）They have more control of their time and more

flexible schedules. As a result, they are more likely to exercise regularly and

have home-cooked meals than people who do not work or study remotely.

（第 3 个分论点）Furthermore, people can save money on transport by

working or studying from home.（它的支持句）By contrast, those who need

t。commute t。work or school regularly have to pay for public transport or

for the fuel that their cars use.

像这样简洁、朴实无华的论证已经完全可以成为有说服力的主体段了，因为它们
的支持句都是紧紧围绕着分论点来写的 ，就会对分论点产生实实在在的 support
的作用。

思考：这个主体段里使用了哪些我们在Day 5和Day 6练习过的衔接手段（代

词、连接词、名词）和在Day 7学过的实用短语（good phrases） ?

（2）好处：

People have more job opportunities to choose from.（就业）

People have opportunities to experience different cultures and lifestyles.

（乐趣）

—75 — 科技类真题的ideas
 Areas with higher standards of living can attract more skilled workers.（技能）

skilled workers所指的人群要比中文的“技术工人"范围更广泛，更接近于中
文所说的“专业技术人员“°例如：engineers （工程师），computer programmers
（程序员），aichitects （建筑师），accountants （会计师）等在地道荚文里都可
以被称为 skilled workers

This increases the cultural diversity of these areas.（文It）

缺点：

This causes some areas to become overcrowded.（环境）

Many other areas may suffer from labour shortages.（效率）

More and more elderly people live away from their adult children.（健康）

短语adult children是指“成年的子女"

There is also more pollution from transport.（环境）

（3）支持这种观点可以选用的分论点 ：

The increasing use of electronic communication tools reduces face-to-face

interaction among people.（文化）

Many people, especially young people, rely heavily on social media and text
messages to communicate with their friends.（文4匕）

text message是名词短语“手机短信"

Employees who work from home use mobile phones or computers to communicate
with their colleagues （同事）.（效率）

Most students who take online courses do not have face-to-face interaction with
their classmates.（乐趣）

When people communicate with mobile phones or on the Internet, they express

—76 —
 their emotions with emoticons （表情符号）rather than through facial expressions
such as smiling or laughing.（技能）

emoticons是指网络交流或者手机短信里使用的"表情符号”，facial expressions
则是指“面部表情”

People become impatient or aggressive more easily when they communicate on

mobile phones or computers.（责任）

People who rely too much on electronic communication are more likely to feel
uncomfortable and nervous when they communicate with others face to face.
（技能）

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Most people still frequently communicate with their friends, colleagues or

classmates face to face.（文化）

Many people make friends online and then meet them in person.（乐趣）

meet ... in person是在现实生活当中与某人见面

Video-chatting apps, such as Skype and FaceTime, can help people to see,
hear and communicate with friends who live far away.（效率）

video-chatting apps是“视频聊天应用程序"

Many websites have rules to ensure that their users communicate with each
other politely.（责任）

（4）这种现象积极的方面：

Many people work from home, which gives them more freedom.（权利）

Online shopping provides consumers with more choices.（权利）

People can keep in touch with family and friends who are far away from them.
（乐趣）

—77 —
 People can also save money on transport costs.（财务）

This also helps to reduce pollution from vehicles.（环境）

这种现象可能带来的负面影响：

More and more people lack face-to-face communication skills.（技能）

Many people spend too much time on the Internet and develop a sedentary
lifestyle.（健康）

（5） 认为这一趋势是积极的理由：

Online shopping is more convenient than shopping in physical stores.（效率）

短语 physical stores / physical shops 是指“实体店”

Online stores provide shoppers with more choices.（权利）

Shopping online rather than in stores can help people to save money.（财务）

Online shopping is more eco-friendly than traditional shopping.（环境）

认为这一趋势是消极的理由：

Online shoppers are more likely to become victims of fraud.（安全）

fraud是名词：诈骗

Shopping in stores is more fun and enjoyable than buying things online.（乐趣）

（6） 这道真题的话题比较抽象，对分论点写展开支持句时如果适当史丝能让论证看起

来更具体。但同时必须注意：对于IELTS essays这样的短文来说 ，
1~2个例子就已经够了。而且，如果想不出恰当的例子，那么也并不一定非要举
例，用我们在Day 6里练习过的因果、假设、对比、解释等说理论证方法也同样
很好，不要让写IELTS essays的全程变成“炒栗子”的过程。

科技类真题的ideas —78 —
 更简单的生活方式对于解决环境问题的作用:

Having a simpler way of life can help to reduce waste and pollution.（例如：重
复使用购物袋shopping bags有助于减少垃圾和污染）

We can save energy by having a simpler way of life.（比如在家里多利用天然光

线 natural light）

A simpler way of life can also help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.（例如
走路或骑自行车上班 ）

科技对于解决环境问题的作用 ：

Technology can help us to use energy more efficiently.（比如 LED 灯泡：LED

light bulbs,节能型热水器：energy-efficient water heaters 等）

Researchers are using new technologies to develop clean sources of energy.

（例如 solar energy 太阳能，wind energy 风能）

在地道英文里，technology通常是作不可数名词。但是当表示“多种不同的科
技"时，则可以使用technologies的形式

New technologies can be used to reduce industrial waste and pollution.

industry是名词"工业”，industrial是形容词"工业的"

Technology also plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

（例如electric cars电动汽车可以代替用汽油的汽车 petrol cars）

（7）科技进步改变食品的选择范围和品质的好处：

Consumers have more food choices than ever before.（权利）

Advances in food technology can help food manufacturers to make their products
look more attractive and taste better.（乐趣）

—79 — 科技类真题的ideas
 这种变化带来的弊端:

Many consumers do not like food that has been processed or genetically modified.
（权利）

短语processed food是“经过加工处理的食品"，短语genetically modified food

是“转基因的食品”

Some food contains chemicals that cause health problems.（健康）

Fast food contains too much fat, salt or sugar.（健康）

Genetically modified food may pose health risks to consumers,（健康）

pose health risks to ...:对.... 构成健康风险

（8）玩电脑游戏可能产生的坏处 ：

Spending too much time on computer games can cause damage to children's
health.（健康）

damage their eyesight:破坏他们的视力，develop a sedentary lifestyle 形成缺少锻

炼的生活方式

Spending too much time playing computer games is likely to affect children's
academic performance.（效率）

Many computer games contain violent or sexual images.（安全）

玩电脑游戏可能带来的益处：

There are many educational computer games available.（技育它）

Playing team games on computers can help children to develop their teamwork
skills.（技能）

Playing computer games improves their hand-eye coordination.（技能）

improve their hand-eye coordination:增强他们的手眼协调能力

—80 —
 教育类真题的ideas

（1） 支持这种观点可以选用的分论点 （理由）：

Teachers are professional educators.（技育它）

They understand their students* learning needs.（技能）

Teachers can provide well-structured lessons.（效率）

Teachers can help students to develop good learning habits such as paying
attention in class and managing their time well,（效率）

They also help students to learn through group activities such as group
discussions and group projects.（技能 & 乐趣）

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点（理由）：

Many other learning sources, such as the Internet and television, can provide
students with a wider variety of information than lessons taught by teachers.
（效率）

These sources can make learning more interesting and enjoyable.（乐趣）

（2） 中学提供广泛的课程的好处：

Studying a wide variety of subjects can help students to broaden their

knowledge and skills.（技能）

These secondary schools prepare students for a wide variety of careers.

（就业）

短语a wide variety of的意思是“多种多样的”

—81
— 教育类真题的ideas
 A broad curriculum can also help students to develop a wide variety of
interests.（文化 & 乐趣）

名词curriculum的意思是“课程设置"，名词短语a broad curriculum是"科目

很广泛、不偏科的课程设置”

中学只提供和学生就业相关的课程的好处：

These subjects can better prepare students for the job market.（就业）

Students who concentrate on a narrow range of subjects can gain a deeper

understanding of their subjects.（技能）

They are also likely to learn more efficiently.（效率）

（3）支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Art lessons encourage creativity and imagination.（技育它）

Secondary schools should provide a broad and balanced curriculum.（责任）

名词curriculum是对学校所提供的各门课程的矩及 ，相当于中文里面的“课程

安排、课程设置”，而具体的科目则叫作subjectso

Art activities can help secondary school students to reduce stress.（心理健康）

Art lessons can help students to gain a better understanding of their own culture
and other cultures.（文化）

Art activities, such as painting, drawing and sculpting, are fun and enjoyable.
（乐趣）

Art skills, such as painting and drawing skills, are important to careers in the
design industry.（技能）

教育类真题的ideas —82 —
 不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Painting and drawing skills are not essential skills that most students will need
when they leave secondary school.（技能）

名词短语essential skills是指“关键技能，不可缺少的技能 ”

Art lessons may take valuable time away from the core subjects.（效率）

core subjects是"核心科目"

[BBC 例句]The core subjects in primary schools in England are language,

mathematics and science.

Secondary schools can offer optional art lessons to students who want to
develop their art skills.（技能）

Some secondary schools may not have the funding to provide their students with
art lessons.（财务）

Art lessons do not help students to prepare for employment.（就业）

（4）由政府来决定大学里的学习科目的好处：

Governments have a better understanding of what the job market really needs.
（技能）

Governments can help universities to better prepare students for employment.

（就业）

Governments can help to ensure the quality of higher education throughout the
country.（责任）

由大学生自行选择学习科目的好处：

Students know what they are really interested in.（乐趣 & 效率）

—83 — 教育类真题的ideas
 This also helps university students to develop their independent thinking skills.
（技能）

Students can develop a sense of responsibility at school.（责任）

（5） 政府应该为科学科目提供充足的资金可以选用的分论点 ：

Economic growth increasingly depends on advances in science and technology.

（经济）

名词短语advances in science and technology是“科学技术的进步”

The equipment that is used in teaching science subjects, such as physics,

chemistry and biology, is more expensive.（财务）

More young people will choose careers in science, technology or engineering

when they enter the job market.（技能）

政府也应该资助其他科目可以选用的分论点：

Taking language courses can help students to develop their language skills and
communication skills.（技能）

Art lessons encourage creativity and imagination.（技能）

Health education can teach students how to develop a healthy lifestyle.（健康）

History lessons can help students to gain a better understanding of their nation
and their culture.（文化）

（6） 认为教育的目的是帮助人们准备成为有用的社会成员一方可以选用的分论点 ：

Schools teach students a variety of skills that can turn them into good
workers.（技能）

教育类真题的ideas —84 —
 Students can develop a sense of responsibility at school.（责任）

Students are also taught good behaviour and the difference between right and
wrong,（安全&犯罪）

认为教育的目的是帮助人们实现个人志向一方可以选用的分论点 ：

Most jobs today require academic qualifications.（就业）

Schools teach students skills that prepare them for career success.（技能）

Schools help students to explore their academic, artistic and athletic potential.
（责任）

Teachers help students to understand their personal strengths and weaknesses.

（责任）

（7）

,7七小窍门 这道考题里出现了一个语气很“绝对”的词besto当一个英文逻辑

命题里面出现形容词最高级(-est)的时候，往往意味着它存在着逻辑漏洞，
因为想真正有说服力地证明一个事物是 “最……”的，按照严格的辩证逻辑往

往是困难的。但如果想证明它并不是“最……”的从逻辑上则容易很多，只要
指出它有什么不足之处或者举出其它同样也很有效的替代选择就可以了。

例如，本题可以先承认学校里的团队运动确实是帮助孩子们学会合作的一
种有用方法，但接着指出它其实未必就是最好的方法。例如，有些孩子并不喜
欢运动，对于这些孩子来说通过团队运动学习合作的效果很可能就并不明显 。

而且，老师为孩子们布置的小组作业项目(group projects)以及孩子们一起为

社区做义务劳动(do voluntary work together for their community) 等活动也同

样是帮助儿童们学会合作的行之有效的好方法 。

—85 — 教育类真题的ideas
 学校里的团队运动确实有助于孩子们学会合作的理由 ：

Playing team sports such as basketball and volleyball at school can help children
to understand the importance of working closely with others.（责任）

work closely with ...:与.... 紧密合作

Team sports can teach children how to work with others as a team to achieve
success.（技育它）

学校团队运动未必就是帮助孩子们学会合作的 “最好”的方法的理由：

Some children do not like playing sports.（效率）

Group projects in the classroom can also help children to learn how to work with
others to achieve a common goal.（技能）

Doing voluntary work together for their community is also a good way for
children to learn to cooperate.（技能）

do voluntary work：做义工

（8）培养学生的竞争意识的好处：

It helps students to build self-confidence. （心理健康）

Students are more likely to achieve their potential.（技育它）

只培养学生的竞争意识而不鼓励为了集体的利益与同学合作的弊端 ：

Many students lack teamwork skills.（技能）

Many students become selfish and unkind.（责任）

Students are more likely to feel lonely and isolated.（心理健康）

教育类真题的ideas —86 —
（9） 可以选用的好处：

This can prepare them for adult life.（技能）

Students who work hard are more likely to achieve their academic potential.
（技能）

This can also help students to develop a sense of responsibility.（责任）

可以选用的弊端：

Students today are more likely to suffer from stress and anxiety.（心理健康）

Many students develop a negative attitude towards learning.（乐趣）

They lack motivation to learn.（效率）

（10） 认为应该把能力不同的学生集中在一起教育的一方可以选用的理由：

All students are encouraged to achieve their academic potential.（技能）

Students feel that they are treated equally and fairly.（权利）

认为应该把聪明的学生与其他学生分开教育的一方可以选用的理由：

Intelligent students are provided with a more advanced curriculum.（技能）

They are given assignments that better suit their abilities and interests.（乐趣）

Other students can also learn at a level that better suits their abilities.（技能）

（11） 教师对学生的思维能力和社会技能的发展产生更大影响的理由：

Teachers are professional educators.（技能）

—87 — 教育类真题的ideas
 Teachers have more experience in helping children to develop their intellectual
skills.

Teachers can help children to develop their teamwork skills.（技能）

家长也会对学生的思维能力和社会技能的发展产生影响的理由 ：

Parents understand their children's learning needs and interests well.（效率）

Parents can help their children with homework.

Parents can teach their children the importance of good behaviour.（责任）

（12）认为应该鼓励学生评价老师的一方可以选用的理由：

Encouraging students to evaluate and criticise teachers can boost teachers1

motivation to improve their teaching.（效率）

Students' feedback can help teachers to better understand and meet their needs.
（效率）

Students feel that their opinions about their learning experiences are respected
and valued.（权利）

认为学生评价老师可能会导致在课堂中缺乏尊重与纪律的一方可以选用的理由：

Some students may think that they have the right to decide how they should be
taught.（权利）

They may think that their teachers* main responsibility is to make them happy.
（责任）

Some teachers may not want to discipline bad behaviour in the classroom for
fear of negative evaluations.（心理健康）

教育类真题的ideas —88 —
(13)可供选用的原因:

Students are not encouraged to think creatively at school.（技育它）

Many schools fail to help students to develop good learning habits.（技能）

Their schools do not help them to gain practical experience.（就业）

Many students feel that they are treated unfairly by their teachers.（权利）

They are not allowed to choose their subjects.（权利）

Their schools do not provide a well-rounded education.（责任）

Students are under great pressure with their studies.（心理健康）

They have little time for leisure.（健康）

They feel bored and unmotivated.（乐趣）

可供选用的解决方案 ：

Schools should provide a friendly learning environment.（责任）

Schools need to have a broad and balanced curriculum.（责任）

Schools should provide equal opportunities for all students.（权禾U）

Teachers should adjust their teaching to meet their students1 needs.（责任）

Schools can encourage students to choose subjects that really interest them.
（乐趣）

Schools should help young people achieve their potential.（责任）

(14)本题的观点比较长，意思是“政府提供给大学的经费只应该用来作为优等生的奖学

金，大学需要的其他方面的经费都应该来自于学生所交的学费和私人机构” O

—89 — 教育类真题的ideas
 小窍门当您发现题目的观点里出现了兰业这个“绝对词”，就要特别注意

了：在英文里，含有些 的逻辑命题如果仔细推敲其实多半是不严密的 ，因为

它的语气过于绝对。在考场实战里，如果看到题目观点里面含有gniy, 一般是
先承认这种看法有一定的道理，再指出还有其它的可能性,这样不仅会更好写，
而且行文逻辑读起来也会更加严密、更有说服力

认为这种观点有一定的道理可以选用的理由 ：

Government funding for universities is limited, while the demand for the
funding is increasing.（财务）

Providing outstanding students with scholarships can boost their motivation and
help them to achieve their potential.（效率）

Tuition fees have been increasing and have become an important source of
university revenue.（财务）

政府和企业的收入常被称为revenue,个人和家庭的收入通常叫作income

Providing universities with financial support can help private organisations boost
their public image.（文化 & 财务）

boost their public image的意思是“提升它们的公众形象"

认为政府拨款不应该只作为优等生的奖学金可以选用的理由 ：

Other students' parents also pay taxes to the government.（财务）

Students who also work hard but do not receive any government funding may feel
that they are treated unfairly.（权利）

在地道英文里，work hard并不一定是指“努力地工作”，也常用来指学生很努
力地学习

教育类真题的ideas —90 —
 This can cause tuition fees to rise even more rapidly.（财务）

Universities may have to rely heavily on private organisations for funding, which
is likely to reduce the academic freedom of universities.（权利）

本题一个可行的结论是：学费（tuition fees ）和由私人机构提供的资助

（financial support from private organisations）确实是大学经费的重要来源，但是
由政府提供给大学的经费不应该只作为奖学金 ，其中的一部分可以作为 need­
based financial aid （根据学生的财务状况来决定是否提供的资助）和大学的科研
经费（research funding）。

（15）这种现象的原因：

More and more jobs require a university degree.（就业）

People with a university degree are likely to earn higher salaries.（财务）

Many people who have a degree are returning to university to update their
knowledge and skills （更新知识和技能）.（技能）

这种现象可以选用的积极作用：

The country can have a better-educated workforce.（技能）

This helps to reduce unemployment and poverty.（就业）

More people are prepared for the knowledge-based economy.（技能）

可以选用的负面作用：

Some industries are facing shortages of manual workers.（技能）

短语manual workers:体力劳动者

Higher education is becoming more expensive because of the rising demand.

（财务）

—91
— 教育类真题的ideas
 Mixed "混搭型”考题的结构

在每年的雅思作文考试中都有极少量的 “四不像”考题像本题这样 ，既不是

典型的Report,又不是严格的Argumentn

Competition for places at university is increasing. Why do more and more

people want to study at university? Is this a positive or negative development?

本题结尾处的第一个问题是问“越来越多的人想要上大学的原因是什么”，属
于典型的Report。第二个问题则是要求比较利弊，属于典型的Argumento所以，
本题显然是把Report和Argument u掺和”到一起来考查了。

如果遇到这样的“混搭型”考题，不要紧张，枣LO二沱孵迷重
Report^^Argum^nt^^^o 至于是把Report放在第1个主体段里来写，还是把
Argument放在第1个主体段里来写，则是看题目里的两个问题皂空史旧奁
^^Argmnent^JtW来相应做出决定。

例如：本题里的第一问是问原因是什么，第二问要求比较利弊。所以，我们
就应该按照题目里的这个顺序 ，先用第1个主体段分析越来越多的人想要上大学
的原因（当然也别忘了给每个原因写出展开支持句），再用第2个主体段比较利
弊（这一段里的利弊双方可以分别用On the one hand,...和On the other hand,...
来引出）。这样，我们就非常严格地回应了题目里提出的两个问题，确保了主体
段论证是完全扣题的。

可见，如果遇到Mixed题型真的不必紧张，踏踏实实地按顺序回应题目里的
两个问题就好了。而且，由于Mixed题型既要求分析 、又要求辩论，所以事实上
还要比单纯的Report或者单纯的Argument更容易满足作文字数的要求

(16)家长给孩子读故事或者讲故事的好处：

Reading or telling stories to their children is a good way for parents to build
bonds with their children.(心理)

—92 —
 这个短语里的bonds不是指007,而是“亲情”

Parents can explain difficult words in the stories to their children,（效率）

Parents can create stories with characters that their children like.（乐趣）

其它的故事来源 ，例如书籍、电视、电影等，对孩子的好处：

Other sources, such as books, television and films, provide a much wider
variety of stories.（乐趣）

Reading stories on their own can help children to develop their reading
skills.（技能）

Reading stories on their own can help children to build self-confidence.（，㈠理）

—93 — 教育类真题的ideas
 媒体类真题的ideas

（1）电视频道增加可以给看电视的人们提供更多选择一方可以选用的理由 ：

Viewers have a wider variety of television channels to choose from.（权利）

Television channels try to provide a wider selection of programmes to attract more

viewers.（效率）

电视频道增加会导致电视节目的品质下降一方可以选用的理由 ：

Many producers copy ideas from popular programmes.（乐趣）

An increasing number of television programmes use violent images to attract

viewers.（乐趣）

（2）针对儿童的广告带来的问题：

Children are more easily influenced by advertisements than adults.（技育皂）

Many of the advertisements aimed at children promote unhealthy food.（健康）

Many children put pressure on their parents to buy them expensive things that
they have seen in advertisements.（财务）

针对儿童的广告不应该被完全禁止可以选用的理由：

Many of these advertisements are interesting and creative.（乐趣）

They inform young consumers about the choices that they have.（权利）

(3)广告的正面影响:

Advertising informs people about new products.（效率）

媒体类真题的ideas —94 —
 Advertising can help to boost the sales of products.（效率）

Advertising is an important source of entertainment for many people.（乐趣）

interesting and creative:有趣而且很有创意的

广告的负面影响：

Some advertisements provide consumers with misleading information.（责任）

Some advertisements encourage people to have an unhealthy diet.（健康）

Children often put pressure on their parents to buy them expensive toys that are
advertised on television.（财务）

（4）支持这种观点可以选用的分论点（理由）：

Advertising encourages people to follow the latest trends.（文化）

Many advertisements use celebrities to attract attention and boost the sales of
products.（效率）

People want to be or look similar to the celebrities who they like or admire.（文
化）

Advertisements try to make people believe that certain products can improve their
quality of life.（乐趣）

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点（理由）：

People have different interests and tastes.（乐趣）

Consumers have different incomes and budgets.（财务）

Different companies use advertising to promote different products.（文化）

短语promote products :推销产品

—95 — 媒体类真题的ideas
(5)支持这种观点可以选用的分论点

More and more films and television programmes contain violent images.（文化）

Many films and television programmes promote violence by making violent

criminals seem brave and admirable.（文化）

promote violence:宣扬暴力

Many people, especially young people, copy what they see in films or on
television.（心理健康）

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点

Entertainment should be a personal choice.（权利）

Adults should have the right to choose their own entertainment.（权利）

It is parents' responsibility to ensure that their children watch films and television
programmes that are appropriate for young viewers.（责任）

（6）用电视向公众播放审判过程的好处：

Televising criminal trials can help to deter criminals.（安全）

It also helps to reduce the fear of crime among the general public.（安全）

Judges are more likely to make responsible decisions.（责任）

用电视向公众播放审判过程的弊端：

The majority of the general public are not experts on laws.（技能）

Some victims may feel that their privacy is invaded.（权利）

The details of violent crime are not appropriate for the general public, especially
young people.（心理健康）

媒体类真题任 le； —96 —

 政府和社会发展类真题的ideas

（1）发展中国家的政府应该帮助人们掌握新科技的理由 ：

Information technology can help people in developing countries to broaden their

knowledge and skills.（技能）

New entertainment technology can be an important source of fun and enjoyment

for people in developing countries.（乐趣）

E-commerce technology can provide consumers in developing countries with more

shopping choices.（财务 & 乐趣）

New medical technology can improve people's health and well-being.（健康）

发展中国家的政府应该提供免费教育的理由：

Free education can help to reduce the financial burden on parents in developing
countries.（财务）

Students can concentrate on their studies and do not need to worry about
paying tuition fees.（效率）

Children from low-income families can have equal educational opportunities to

achieve their potential.（权利）

More people will find employment and contribute to the knowledge-based

economy.（技育它）

Free education helps to reduce income inequality.（权利）

It also helps to reduce crime rates in developing countries.（安全）

Well-educated people can better understand and use new technology.（技能）

—97 — 政府和社会发展类真题的 ideas

(2)考虑未来的好处:

Thinking carefully about the future can help countries and individuals to make
responsible plans.（责任）

It can also help countries and individuals to find more effective long-term
solutions to their problems.（责任）

long-term solutions是指"长期有效的解决方案"

Countries and individuals who often think about the future are more likely to have
clear goals and ambitions.（效率）

Thinking about the future makes countries and individuals pay more attention to
environmental problems.（环境）

It helps them to use natural resources more responsibly.（责任）

Thinking about future challenges can boost people's motivation to learn new
skills.（技能）

Individuals who often think about their future are more likely to have healthy
lifestyles.（健康）

They save more money for retirement.（财务）

集中精力于现在的好处：

Focusing on the present helps countries and individuals to make the most of the
opportunities that they have.（效率）

短语make the most of ...是“尽可能充分地利用 ... "的意思

Concentrating on the present helps people to work more efficiently.（效率）

Individuals who focus on the present are more likely to be happy.（乐趣）

They are less likely to suffer from worries and anxiety.（心理健康）

政府和社会发展类真题的ideas —98 —
（3）认为人与人之间更加相互依靠的一方可以选用的分论点：

Teamwork is more important to success in the workplace.（效率）

In most families, both parents work full-time and share household responsibilities.
（责任）

share household responsibilities:分担家庭的各项责任

Students do more group projects than they used to.（技能）

认为现在人变得比过去更加独立的一方可以选用的分论点：

Technology allows more people to work remotely （远程上班）.（技能）

Families are smaller and many people choose to live alone.（文化）

There are more games that children can play on their own.（乐趣）

—99 —
 交通类真题的ideas

一周七天、全天24小时提供免费公共交通确实有助于解决交通堵塞

可以选用的分论点（理由）：

The volume of traffic on the roads will be reduced significantly.（效率）

短语the volume of traffic是指“交通量”

但一周七天、全天24小时都提供免费公共交通并不是政府解决交通堵塞的最佳方案
的分论点（理由）：

Traffic congestion only occurs at certain times.（效率）

Free public transport is likely to increase the burden on taxpayers.（财务）

Public transport will become overcrowded.（环境）

Free public transport could be provided during rush hour to reduce traffic
congestion on the roads.（效率）

交通类真题的ideas —100 —
 工作类真题的ideas

（1）这种现象的好处：

People who change jobs can gain a variety of skills and experience.（技能）

They have more opportunities to find jobs that they really like.（乐趣）

They can expand their professional networks.（效率）

短语expand their professional networks是“扩展他们的职业社交圈"

［经济学人例句］This organisation brings together people who want to expand

their professional networks across industries.

Many people change jobs for higher salaries.（财务）

这种现象可能带来的弊端：

Many employers do not want to employ people who change jobs frequently.
（就业）

Employers do not want to invest in training employees who are likely to leave in a
few years.（财务）

Those who change jobs regularly are often seen as people who lack loyalty to
their employers.（责任）

（2）工作面试并不是完全可靠的分论点（理由）：

Job interviews are usually too short to provide a reliable assessment of

candidates* abilities and skills.（效率）

名词candidate在选举当中是指“候选人”，在考场里是“考生”，而在工作面
试时则是“某个职位的候选者”

—101—
— 工作类真题的ideas
 Some candidates may have good interview skills but lack the technical skills that
employers really need.（技能）

Some interviewers may be biased or unfair.（责任）

（1） 面试时的提问人叫interviewer,回答问题的人叫interviewee

（2） 形容词biased是“有偏见的”

工作面试可以帮助雇主挑选求职者的分论点（理由）：

Job interviews can help employers to know more about candidates' personality
and interests.（效率）

Job interviews can help employers to better assess candidates' communication

skills.（技能）

（3）支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Young people often have more creative ideas.（技能）

They understand new technologies better than older people.（技能）

在地道英文里，technology通常都是作不可数名词，应该保持单数形式 。但是，

当表示“多种不同的科技”时，它却可以使用复数形式technologies

They have more energy to achieve their goals.（健康）

Young people tend to be more open-minded about cultural differences,（文4匕）

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Older leaders or directors have more experience in their careers.（技能）

They are also more loyal to their organisations.（责任）

I：作类真题的ideas —102—
—
 They tend to be more patient and understanding.（责任）

understanding在这里作形容词，意思是“体谅别人的”

（4）年轻人被要求为社区做义工的好处：

Doing unpaid work for their local community can improve young people's social
skills.（技能）

It can also help them to develop a sense of responsibility.（责任）

It gives them the opportunity to contribute to their local community.（环境

&文化）

Their unpaid work can help their community to reduce costs and save money.
（财务）

年轻人被要求为社区做义工的弊端：

Young people are under enough pressure with their studies or work.（心
理健康）

study的复数studies常指"学业”

They need more free time for sports and other leisure activities.（健康 & 乐趣）

Some young people may feel that they are treated unfairly if they are required to
do unpaid work for their community.（权矛J）

—103 —
—
 城市、建筑类真题的ideas

（1） 支持这种观点可以选用的分论点（理由）

There are more and more cars on the roads of large cities.（环境）

People who live in large cities tend to have fast-paced lifestyles and rely heavily
on fast food.（健康）

They have stressful jobs and often work overtime.（健康）

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点（理由）

There are more sports facilities in large cities.（健康）

Hospitals in large cities have better equipment.（效率）

People who live in large cities have more entertainment choices.（健康）

（2） 城市居民们很少与邻居交往，社区感正在丧失的原因：

City dwellers today have fast-paced lives.（效率）

名词短语city dwellers的意思是"城市居民”

Many city dwellers, especially young ones, spend more time socialising online
than in real life.（乐趣）

Many dwellers rent and move frequently. Some of them do not even know their
neighbours.（责任）

In many urban communities, there are not enough public spaces where neighbours
can meet and socialise with each other.（环境）

城市、建筑类真题的ideas —104 —
 解决办法:

Local governments could provide more funding for community activities such as
sports clubs, choirs and cookery classes.

Welcome parties for new residents can provide opportunities for them to meet
and know their neighbours.

More public spaces, such as community parks, community sports centers and
community libraries, need to be built in urban communities.

Community councils need to arrange more public meetings to help local residents
to become more involved in community affairs.

（3）好处：

Moving to regional areas outside large cities can help industries and businesses
reduce costs in the long term.（财务）

短语in the long term是"从长期来看”

This can help to reduce housing costs for urban residents.（财务）

Businesses that move to regional areas can contribute to the local economy and
create jobs for the local people.（财务）

This helps to reduce waste and pollution in big cities.（环境）

短语waste and pollution里的名词waste是废料、垃圾的意思

There will be less traffic congestion in big cities.（效率）

traffic congestion是traffic jam的近义短语，但请注意：traffic jam是可数的，可

以写 a traffic jam 或者 traffic jamso 而 traffic congestion 却是不可数的，在
congestion后面一定不能写复数s

缺点：

Public transport in regional areas is not as efficient as in cities.（效率）

—105—
— — 城市、建筑类真题的ideas
 It can be difficult for some businesses to find enough skilled workers in regional
areas.（效率）

Moving to a new location and training local workers may involve high costs.
（财务）

Some of these businesses will create waste and pollution in regional areas.
（环境）

（4）这种现象可能会带来的问题：

More and more people move from rural areas to cities.

Many cities will become overcrowded.（环境）

Housing costs are rising rapidly in cities.（财务）

This can cause labour shortages in rural areas.（效率）

The infrastructure in rural areas is under-funded and under-developed.（财务

&效率）

这些问题的解决办法 ：

Governments should provide rural areas with more funding to improve public
services and infrastructure.（财务）

improve public services and infrastructure:改善公共服务和基础设施

Governments should encourage businesses to move to or invest in rural areas

by giving them tax breaks.（就业）

give them tax breaks:为它们提供税务减免

This will help to create jobs and improve the standard of living in rural areas.
（就业）

—106 —
（5） 在新城镇里为人们提供公园和运动设施来享受业余时间的好处 ：

Parks and sports facilities can help people to improve their health.（健康）

Parks can help children and their parents to learn about nature.（环境）

在新城镇里为人们提供购物中心来享受业余时间的好处：

Shopping is an enjoyable hobby for many people.（乐趣）

Shopping centers also provide a wide variety of food and entertainment choices.
（乐趣）

例如：在英国有很多shopping centers里设有美食街（food court）和电影院

（cinema）

Shopping centers can contribute more to the local economy.（经济）

（6） 把建筑按功能安排在城市里的特定区域可以带来的好处：

This makes the layout of a city easier to understand for locals and visitors.
（效率）

名词layout是“布局”的意思

This helps cities to use land more efficiently.（效率）

Shoppers can compare the goods and prices in different shops more conven­
iently. （效率）

This helps to reduce noise and pollution in residential areas and schools.（健康）

residential areas是城市里的"居民住宅区 ”

Tall office buildings are located away from people's homes,（环境）

—107—
— 城市、建筑类真题的ideas
 把建筑按功能安排在城市里的特定区域可能会导致的弊端:

The traffic in some areas tends to be much heavier than in other areas.（效率）

Some areas are very noisy and polluted.（环境）

The shopping areas and schools may be far from some people's homes.（效率）

（7）支持垂直型城市一方可以选用 ：

High-rise buildings can help to make land use more efficient.（效率）

（1） 泛指高层建筑可以用tall buildings或者high-rise buildings,特指非常高的高

层建筑则可以使用skyscrapers。此外，在地道英文里还经常用 office towers
和residential towers这两个短语来分别指高层的办公楼和高层的住宅楼；

（2） 这句话里的use是作为名词，名词短语land use是指对于土地的使用情况

Vertical cities have more land for parks and public open space.（环境）

The population in urban areas is increasing rapidly.（环境）

请特别注意：urban是一个形容词\/ ,而不是名词X

Tall buildings can create an impressive skyline for a city.（乐趣）

名词skyline是指城市的“天际线”

支持水平型城市一方可以选用：

People in low-rise buildings can leave more easily when there is an emergency.
（安全）

（1） low-rise buildings是指比较低矮的建筑 （在英美一般是指1 ~3层的建筑）

（2） 名词emergency是指“紧急情况"，例如火灾

城市、建筑类真题的ideas —108 —
 Most historic buildings are low-rise buildings.（文4匕）

People who live and work in tall buildings are more likely to feel disconnected
from nature.（心理健康）

短语feel disconnected from nature是"感到和大自然脱节”的意思。请注意：当

nature指"自然界、大自然”的时候，它的前面丕火the

The maintenance and repairs of old buildings involve high costs.（财务）

名词短语maintenance and repairs的意思是"保养和维修”

（8）支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Some old buildings attract large numbers of tourists and contribute to the
local economy.（经济）

Old buildings form an important part of our cultural heritage.（文4匕）

Old buildings give character to a city and enrich the local culture.（文化）

give character to里的character不是"性格”，而是指“鲜明的特色"

They make cities more interesting and attractive,（乐趣）

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Urban populations are increasing rapidly.（环境）

Urban residents need new housing and new roads.（效率）

New buildings are safer than old buildings.（安全）

Road development can help to increase efficiency and boost economic growth.
（经济）

Restoring old buildings involves high costs.（财务）

—109 — 城市、建筑类真题的idea
 语言、文化、艺术类真题的ideas

（1） 认为政府应该使用公共资金来保护小语种一方可以选用的分论点 （理由）：

A minority language is an important part of the cultural heritage of the people

who speak it.（文化）

Cultural diversity enriches our lives and makes our cities more interesting.
（乐趣）

认为这样做是对于公共资金的浪费一方可以选用的分论点 （理由）：

A minority language is only spoken by a small number of people.（责任）

Saving minority languages will involve high costs.（财务）

Speaking the same language helps to boost efficiency.（效率）

（2） 多元文化社会的优点 ：

Children who grow up in multi-cultural societies tend to be more open-minded.

（文化）

People who live in multi-cultural societies have a wide variety of food and
entertainment choices.（乐趣）

Multi-cultural workplaces are more creative.（技能）

多元文化社会的缺点：

Some people have a bias against others who have different cultural
backgrounds.（文化）

Cultural differences can lead to misunderstanding and even conflict.（效率 & 安全）

—110 —
（3）认为政府应该资助艺术家一方可以选用的分论点：

Artists' work can enrich the local culture.（文化 & 乐趣）

Their work also makes cities more interesting and attractive.（文彳匕 & 乐趣）

Art projects can help cities to attract more tourists.（经济）

Good music can make people more creative.（技能）

认为艺术家应该从其它来源获得资助一方可以选用的分论点：

Governments have more important concerns, such as education, health care

and public transport.（责任）

短语have more important concerns的意思是"还有更加急需关注的问题"

Artists can earn money by selling their work.（财务）

Art projects can get funding from private organisations and individual sponsors.
（财务）

Governments that give financial support to artists may try to control what artists
can and cannot do.（权利）

—ill—
— — 卷真题的idea
 环境类真题的ideas

（1） fresh water是“淡水”，at an alarming rate的意思是“以令人警觉的速度"

这道考题是典型的Report题型。但要提醒您注意的审题细节是 ：本题里面的第一个
问题是问这一现象所导致的问题是什么 ，而不是问产生这一现象的原因是什么 。如果
在考场里审题不够认真，看到是Report题就想当然地写成原因+解决方案，就立刻
会变成 an off-topic essayo

这种现象导致的问题 ：

This trend causes shortages of many natural resources.（环境）

It also causes damage to the environment.（环境）

例如：更多的森林被砍伐（are cut down / are logged）,增加温室效应气体的排

放 （increase greenhouse gas emissions）, 更多的垃圾废料和污染（waste and

pollution）等

It results in the rising costs of many products and services.（财务）

这些问题的解决办法 ：

Governments can run campaigns to encourage people to use natural resources

responsibly.（责任）

run campaigns to encourage people to：举办大规模的宣传活动鼓励人们去 ....

Public transport and recycling services need to be improved.（效率）

名词短语recycling services是循环利用废旧物品的服务

Governments should give financial support to scientific research that can help
people and businesses to use natural resources more efficiently.（财务）

环境类真题的ideas —112—
—
（2）支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Overpopulation leads to overcrowding in cities.（环境 & 效率）

overcrowding:名词，过度拥挤

Overpopulation has caused food shortages in some developing countries.

（健康）

It increases the demand for natural resources such as water and energy.
（环境）

Overpopulation has caused housing prices to rise rapidly in many parts of the
world.（财务）

It puts pressure on the healthcare system.（健康）

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Population growth increases the demand for products and contributes to

economic growth.（经济）

Some people's irresponsible behaviour is the main cause of many environmental

and social problems.（责任）

（3）认为人们应该有权利随心所欲地使用淡水的一方可以选用的分论点（理由）：

Fresh water can be recycled and reused.（环境）

Most people pay water bills for their use of fresh water.（财务）

认为政府应该控制淡水使用的一方可以选用的分论点（理由）：

Fresh water is a limited resource.（环境）

—113—
— 环境类真题的ideas
 It is becoming scarce in many regions.（环境）

Population growth is putting pressure on fresh water resources.（环境）

Many companies and individuals use fresh water irresponsibly （责任）

动词短语use... irresponsibly是指“不负责任地使用.... ，缺乏责任感地使用

，，

（4） 认为应该严格控制噪音一方可以选用的分论点：

Noise makes it difficult for people to concentrate.（效率）

People should not be allowed to disturb others with noise.（权利）

Loud noise can cause damage to people's health.（健康）

认为人们可以自由释放噪音一方可以选用的分论点：

People are likely to feel that their freedom is restricted if noise control is too
strict.（权利）

Noise can make some social activities more exciting and enjoyable.（乐趣）

（5） 好处：

This can help scientists who do research on remote natural environments to work
more efficiently.（效率）

This helps to broaden our knowledge about remote natural environments, such
as the South Pole and remote parts of the Amazon rainforest.（技育它）

Exploring remote natural environments can be interesting and enjoyable.

（乐趣）

环境类真题的ideas —
—114 —
 弊端：

Many remote natural habitats have been damaged by scientists or tourists.

（环境）

名词短语natural habitats是“野生动植物的自然栖息地"

Some dangerous viruses may be carried by human visitors from remote natural
environments to other parts of the world,（健康）

Travelling to remote natural environments involves high costs.（财务）

（6） 认为政府应该为寻找其它星球上的生命拨款的一方可以选用的分论点：

The search for life on other planets can broaden our knowledge about the origin
of life and the universe.（技能）

It may help us to discover Earth-like planets that can support human life.
（环境）

认为地球上还有很多问题所以这样做是浪费公共资金的一方可以选用的分论点：

Searching for life on other planets involves huge costs.（财务）

The result of the search is unpredictable.（效率）

Many public service projects are under-funded and urgently need more govern­
ment funding.（效率）

（7） 向其它星球上的智慧生物传送信息可能带来的好处：

They can help us to gain a better understanding of the origin of life and the
universe.（技能）

They may help us to find Earth-like planets that can support human life.（环境）

—115 —
— 环境类真题的ideas
 Contacting intelligent life forms on other planets can help to satisfy our curiosity
about them.（乐趣）

其它星球上的智慧生物有可能给人类带来的危险 ：

They may be unfriendly or even want to invade Earth.（安全）

They may spread dangerous diseases to humans.（健康）

环境类真题的ideas —116 —
 饮食和健康类真题的ideas

（1） 好处：

Imported food can provide consumers with more choices.（权利）

The competition between local food producers and foreign food producers leads to
lower food prices and better food quality.（财务 & 健康）

弊端：

Food that is transported over long distances contains harmful chemicals.

（健康）

It also causes damage to the local economy.（经济）

Imported food takes jobs away from local farmers.（就业）

Long-distance food transport causes air pollution and contributes to global

warming.（环境）

（2） 认为政府应该采取更多措施来帮助公民形成健康的饮食结构一方可以选用的分论
点（理由）：

Governments can run campaigns to encourage people to have healthy diets.

（效率）

Healthy diets can improve concentration and help people to work more
efficiently.（效率）

A healthier population can also help to reduce government spending on health

care.（财务）

117— 饮食和健康类真题的ideas
 认为个人应该对自己的饮食结构负责一方可以选用的分论点 （理由）：

Individuals know what they really enjoy eating.（乐趣）

Different people have different budgets for food.（财务）

Some people eat fast food regularly because they want to save time.（效率）

（3）免费医疗的好处：

All patients have access to the same quality of health care and medical
treatment.（权利）

It ensures fairness and equality for patients.（权利）

Patients from low-income families can also get the health care that they
need.（财务）

免费医疗的坏处：

Free health care leads to long waiting lists in hospitals,（效率）

名词短语shortages of healthcare workers:医务工作者的短缺

The quality of health care may be affected.（健康）

Free health care increases the burden on taxpayers.（财务）

—118 —
 运动类真题的ideas

（1） 参加团队运动的好处 ：

Team sports can help people to improve their communication skills and team­
building skills.（技能）

communication skills是沟通能力，team-building skills是建设团队的能力

People who take part in team sports can make more friends.（乐趣）

进行个人运动的好处 ：

Individual sports can help people to improve their concentration and self­
discipline. （技能）

concentration and self-discipline 是“注意力和自制力"

They can also help people to build self-confidence.（心理健康）

（2） 积极的方面：

Specialised sports facilities can help to make the training of top athletes more
efficient.（效率）

These facilities help talented athletes to achieve their potential.（技能）

Their success in international sports events can boost national pride.（文4匕）

消极的方面：

Building specialised sports facilities involves higher costs than building sports
facilities that everyone can use.（财务）

—
—119 — 运动类真题的ideas
 思考：这句话里的谓语involves为什么要用“单三"的形式？

Taxpayers who cannot use these tax-funded facilities may find this unfair.
（权利）

There should be more public sports facilities that help children to develop their
athletic potential.（技能）

（3）危险运动应该被禁止一方可供选择的理由 ：

Dangerous sports involve high risks of injury and even death.（安全）

Accidents caused by dangerous sports activities increase the burden on

emergency services.（效率）

The medical treatment of sports injuries can be expensive.（财务）

人们应该有权选择自己从事的运动一方可供选择的理由 ：

People should have the freedom to challenge themselves with the sports
activities that they like.（权利）

Many people who take part in dangerous sports are well trained and have the
skills to protect themselves.（技能）

A wide variety of safety measures can be taken to reduce the risks of sports
injury.（安全）

There are insurance plans （保险公司提供的保险方案 ）that cover the costs

of sports injuries.（财务）

—120—
—
 家庭类真题的ideas

（1） 这道考题里含有两个问题：第一个问题是问这种现象的产生原因，属于Report,

第二个问题是问这种现象是否利大于弊 ，属于Argumento如果遇到这样的
"Mixed型考题”,不必紧张，写两个主体段,分别回答Report的问题和Argument
的问题即可。

主体第1段分析人们更晚生孩子的原因（Report）:

Many people have busy careers and lifestyles.（效率）

Women have more educational and career opportunities than before.（权利）

Raising children is more expensive than in the past.（财务）

主体第2段比较这种现象的利弊（Argument）:

好处：

People have more time to achieve their career goals.（效率）

Parents are better prepared financially.（财务）

弊端：

Declining birth rates will cause labour shortages.（效率）

Older mothers face higher risks during pregnancy.（健康）

（2） 孩子在家里接受教育的好处 ：

Parents know their children better than teachers.（效率 & 心理健康）

Many children feel more comfortable learning at home.（乐趣）

—
—121 — 家庭类真题的ideas
 孩子在家里接受教育的坏处:

Most parents today have busy careers.（责任）

Most parents are not professional educators.（技能）

Children who are homeschooled are more likely to lack social skills.（技能）

（3）这道考题的第一问是Report,第二问是Argument,所以属于Mixed "混搭型”考题

这种现象产生的原因：

People today want to be more independent and have more control over their own
lifestyle.（权利）

More people can afford to live alone.（财务）

The Internet and mobile phones can help people who live by themselves to keep
in touch with their family,（乐趣）

这种现象的利和弊：

On the one hand, living alone can increase people's independence. （技能）

Also, people who live by themselves have more freedom to choose their own
lifestyle.（权利）

It is easier for people who live alone to move to another area or even to another
country, which increases their educational and employment opportunities.
（权利）

On the other hand, more and more adults cannot look after their elderly parents.
（责任）

Many people rely heavily on social networking websites, such as Facebook and
Twitter, to interact with their family.（乐趣）

家庭类真题的ideas 122—
 rely heavily on ...是一个高频短语，意思是“严重地依赖于
，，

Criminals often target people who live alone.（安全）

（4） 这种现象的原因：

People today have busy and fast-paced lifestyles.（效率）

Many people spend too much time on the Internet or video games.（乐趣）

这种现象的影响：

Many people, especially young people, rely on unhealthy fast food, which leads
to higher rates of obesity.（健康）

This increases the burden on the healthcare system.（健康）

This reduces interaction between parents and their children.（心理健康）

（5） 这是一道含有一个Report问题和一个Argument问题的Mixed型考题，在主体部分

写两个主体段，分别回应考题里面的 Report问题和Argument问题就好了。

在第1个主体段里可以选用的原因：

More and more people today move for educational opportunities or job
opportunities.（权利）

Many people move because they want to experience other cultures.（文化）

Some people choose to move to places with lower living costs.（财务）

Transport is more efficient and convenient.（效率）

The Internet and mobile phones help people to keep in touch family and friends
who live in other places.（乐趣）

—123 — 家庭类真题的ideas
 在第2个主体段里可以选用的利与弊：

好处：

People have more opportunities to achieve their educational or career potential.

（权利）

People of different cultural backgrounds learn to live and work together.（文

化）

More people are living in places with higher quality of life.（乐趣）

弊端：

Many places lack a sense of community. Some people do not even know their
neighbours.（责任）

More and more elderly people have to live on their own.（责任）

家庭类真题的ideas —124 —
 女性类真题的ideas

（1） 女员工可以请产假的好处：

Maternity leave allows mothers time to recover from childbirth.（健康）

Maternity leave allows mothers to spend more time with their newborn babies.（责
任）

Maternity leave makes it easier for working women to adapt to their new roles as
mothers.（心理健康）

女员工请产假可能带来的负面影响：

It may be difficult for the employer to find the right person to fill the role of an
employee on maternity leave.（效率）

In some countries, maternity leave is unpaid.（财务）

Returning to work after maternity leave may cause stress and anxiety for some
mothers.（心理健康）

（2） 女性能够像男性一样参军的好处：

Technical skills and communication skills are more important for some military
jobs than physical strength.（技能）

Women should have equal opportunities to serve their country.（权利）

History has shown that women can achieve success in the military.（文化）

achieve success：获得成功，地道英文里不写 receive success X

女性能够像男性一样参军可能会带来的问题：

Some military jobs still require great physical strength.（技能）

Some of the women who serve in the military may become victims of sexual
harassment （性骚扰）.（安全）

—125—
— 女性类真题的ideas
 老人与长辈类真题的ideas

（1） 老年人继续工作的好处：

Elderly people have more professional and life experience.（技能）

professional experience是指专业经验，life experience是指人生经验

Elderly people tend to be more patient and detail-oriented （更有耐心而且更加

注重细节的）.（责任）

Elderly people tend to be more loyal to their employers （对雇主更忠诚的 ）.

（责任）

Continuing to work can help elderly people to keep their minds sharp （保持思维
敏捷）.（健康）

老年人继续工作可能带来的弊端：

Elderly people tend to be less willing to accept new ideas.（效率）

Some elderly people have health problems.（健康）

Young job seekers will have fewer job opportunities if many elderly people
continue to work.（就业）

（2） 倾向儿童培育中心一方可以选择的分论点（理由）：

Childcare workers are better trained than family members,（效率）

Children can develop better social skills in childcare centers.（技育皂）

Childcare centers can help children to develop their teamwork skills.（技能）

老人、长辈类真题的ideas —126 —
Children can make more friends in childcare centers.（乐趣）

倾向家人一方可以选择的分论点 （理由）：

Family members can provide children with a more loving environment.（责任）

形容词loving的意思是“关爱的”

Grandparents have more flexible schedules （有更灵活的时间安排）.（效率）

—127—
— 老人、长辈类真题的ideas
 犯罪类真题的ideas

（1） 支持这种观点可以选用的分论点 （理由）：

They harm their victims as much as adult offenders who commit the same crime.
（责任）

They threaten people's safety.（安全）

Punishing them in the same way as adult offenders makes other people feel safer.
（心理健康）

思考：这句话里的谓语动词makes为什么要用“单三”形式？

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点 （理由）：

Young people's minds are not fully developed.（技能）

They are not mature enough to understand the consequences of their actions.
（技能）

Spending time in adult prison is likely to make young offenders even more violent
and dangerous.（安全）

Community service can help them to become useful members of society.

（技能）

Community service can help them to develop a sense of responsibility.

（责任）

（2） 论证青少年肇事者应该被要求去打扫街道可以选用的分论点 ：

Cleaning local streets can help young offenders to develop a sense of

responsibility.（责任）

犯罪类真题的ideas —128 —
—
 This helps them to become useful members of their community.（效率）

Community service can help young offenders avoid a criminal record.（责任）

论证青少年肇事者应该入狱可以选用的分论点 ：

Prison sentences are more effective in deterring youth crime.（效率）

Young offenders who are only required to clean local streets are likely to re­
offend. （安全）

Prison can make them reflect on their actions.（责任）

短语reflect on their actions:反思自己的行为

（3）监狱对于解决犯罪问题的作用：

Putting offenders in prison is a form of punishment.

While offenders are in prison, they lose their freedom and are separated from
their family and friends.（权利）

It makes offenders understand that breaking the law has serious consequences.
（责任）

Prison makes offenders reflect on their actions.（责任）

reflect on their actions:反思他们的行为

为罪犯提供教育和培训对于解决犯罪问题的作用：

Education and training can prepare offenders for employment.（技能）

They will become useful members of society.（责任）

They can support themselves after they are released from prison.（财务）

—129 —
— 犯罪类真题的ideas
 support themselves:在地道英文里它不是“支持自己”，而是“自力更生”的
意思

They will become useful members of society.（责任）

Education and training can show offenders that others still care about them.（心
理健康）

（4）认为应该采取更多行动预防犯罪的一方可以选用的分论点 ：

Increasing the number of police officers on the streets can help to prevent crime.
（效率）

Installing more security cameras in public places can help to deter criminals.
（安全）

Strict punishments can also help to deter criminals.（安全）

认为对预防犯罪能够做得很少一方可以选用的分论点 ：

Many people today lack a sense of community.（责任 & 心理健康）

Many young people today grow up in a violent culture.（文化）

The gap between rich and poor is growing.（财务）

名词短语income inequality:收入不均

（5）
英美文化

在英国，多数警察通常都是不带枪的(In the UK, most police officers do

not routinely carry guns. ) o根据去年的英国官方统计，在England和Wales只
有不到5%的警察在执行任务时携带了枪支，而且持枪的警察都是经过特殊训

练和特别许可的(specially trained Authorised Firearms Officers) o 而在美国，

130—
 情况却正相反：绝大多数警察在执行任务时都是携带枪支的 (Most
American police officers carry guns with them while they are on duty. ) o 到底哪
种方式更好？英美两国警方已经激辩了多年，却仍然没有定论。BBC的

Talking Point栏目还专门为此举行了公开辩论 ，有大量英、美、加、澳等国

的native speakers参与，但结果还是分不出高低。
这再一次证明了： IELTS写作的很多topics其实是并没有所谓的 “正确
答案”的。IELTS作文的真正高分标准只是给出一些符合常识(conunon

sense)的理由，而且对这些理由进行适当的展开论证、语言不要太难、
努力控制语法错误，就已经达到IELTS examiners的要求了。

支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Criminals are more likely to carry guns if they know that the police officers are
armed with guns.（安全）

The rate of gun crime will increase.（安全）

涉枪犯罪在地道英文里就叫作gun crime

Innocent people may be injured or even killed in police shootings.（安全）

Some police officers may not use their guns responsibly.（责任）

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点：

Guns carried by the police help to deter violent crime.（安全）

Guns can help police officers to stop and catch violent criminals more efficiently.
（效率）

Police officers can use guns to protect themselves against violent criminals.
（安全&权利）

Police officers can be trained to use guns responsibly and safely.（技育S）

—131
—
 全球化类真题的ideas

（1） 人们吃外国食品比本地食品更多的好处 ：

Consumers can have more food choices.（乐趣）

This puts pressure on local food producers to improve their products and
services.（效率）

人们吃外国食品比本地食品更多的坏处 ：

This causes many local food producers to lose business.（经济）

This also takes jobs away from local farmers.（就业）

Long-distance transport of food causes more damage to the environment.

（环境）

Long-distance food contains harmful chemicals that pose health risks to

consumers.（健康）

（2） 认为国家之间的商务合作和文化交流增加是积极进展的一方可以选用的理由：

The increasing international business cooperation helps to boost economic

growth.（经济）

The increasing business cooperation between countries also helps to create jobs.
（经济）

Cultural exchanges can build understanding and trust between nations.

（文化）

全球化类真题的ideas —132—
—
 认为国家之间的商务合作和文化交流增加会导致民族认同感消失的一方
可以选用的理由 ：

Multinational corporations sell mass-produced products （大批量生产的产品）

around the world.（效率）

Global advertising encourages people in different countries to use the same

brands and have the same lifestyles.（文化）

In many developing countries, traditional values are being lost.（文化）

名词短语consumer culture不是"消费者文化”，而是指“崇尚消费的文化"

（3）［思考题答案］本题里的动词draw对应的主语的主干名词是不可数名词support,

而不是复数名词organisations或者famous people

认为名人对国际援助机构的支持有助于人们关注发展中国家问题的一方
可以选用的分论点（理由）：

Celebrities' support can attract more media attention to the problems in

developing countries,（效率）

Famous people can run campaigns to encourage people to make donations to

international aid organisations.（财务）

They can also inspire people to do voluntary work for these organisations.（责任）

认为名人会让这些问题变得不够重要的一方可以选择的分论点（理由）：

Some celebrities may provide misleading information about the problems in

developing countries.（责任）

Some celebrities support international aid organisations only because that can
boost their public image and help them to earn more money.（财务）

短语boost their public image是指"提升他们的公众形象”

—133 — 全球化类真题的ideas
（4）认为慈善机构应该帮助最急需帮助的人们而不应考虑国界的一方可以选用的

理由：

In some other countries, the problems that people face are more serious and
urgent.（责任）

Charities in those countries do not have enough resources to help local people.
（财务&技能）

认为慈善机构应该集中帮助本国急需帮助的人们一方可以选用的理由 ：

Even in rich countries, there are still many people living in hunger and poverty.
（责任）

living in hunger and poverty:生活在饥饿与贫困当中

It is unsafe for international charities to work in some countries.（安全）

—134—
—
 旅游类真题的ideas

（i）可供选择的正方分论点（理由）：

There are many books, films and websites that provide a wide variety of infor­
mation about other cultures.（文化）

a wide variety of是“多种多样的"

Learning about other cultures from the media is more efficient.（效率）

It costs much less to learn about other cultures from the media than from travelling.
（财务）

It costs much less to...这个句型里的cost是动词，costs则是它的“单三"形式

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点（理由）：

Experiencing another culture first-hand is more fun and enjoyable.（乐趣）

短语experience sth. first-hand是指“直接体验某事物（而不是通过媒体或者通

过别人的描述来体验 ）”

Some of the information that is provided by the media about other cultures can be
misleading.（责任）

Interacting with the locals face to face can help travellers gain a better under­
standing of the culture of another place.（文化）

Travelling makes people more open-minded and tolerant of cultural differences.

（文化）

（2）这种现象的产生原因：

Many museums and historic sites charge local visitors the same price as they

—135 — 旅游类真题的ideas
 charge tourists.（财务）

Local people are usually busy with their jobs, studies （学业）or families.（责任）

Many local people think that they already know the local museums and historic
sites well.（文化）

解决方案的建议：

Museums and historic sites should provide local residents with discounted
admission.（财务）

形容词 discounted 是指“打折的"，例如：discounted tickets

Museums and historic sites should update their exhibitions regularly.（乐趣）

短语update their exhibitions regularly是“定期更新它们的展览"

They can work together with the local media, schools, libraries and community
centers to better inform local people about new exhibitions and events.
（效率）

动物类真题的ideas

（1）支持这种观点可以选用的分论点 （理由）：

Many people are still living in hunger and poverty.（权利）

Many schools and hospitals are seriously under-funded.（财务）

Animal extinction is a natural process that has been going on for millions of
years.（环境）

不支持这种观点可以选用的分论点 （理由）：

Many wild animal species are dying out because of human activity.（环境）

动物类真题的ideas —136 —
 die out：（物种）灭绝，它的现在分词形式是dying out

［经济学人例句］Human activity, such as hunting, logging （伐木）and road

construction （修建道路），has led to the extinction of many species.

Humans have a moral responsibility to protect biodiversity.（责任）

biodiversity是名词：生物的多样性

Animals* natural habitats are also crucial to human survival.（环境）

名词短语natural habitats是指动物的"自然栖息地”

（2）仍然有必要使用动物来制作食品 、服装或者从事医学研究可以选用的理由：

A diet without meat is not balanced.（健康）

Fur coats look good and feel comfortable.（乐趣）

Animal experiments are important to the development of new medicines and

vaccines for humans.（效率）

表示“多种药物"时，medicine可以用复数

没有必要使用动物来制作食品、服装或者从事医学研究可以选用的理由 ：

People can have a healthy diet without eating meat.（健康）

People can look good without wearing animal products,（乐趣）

It is morally wrong to cause pain to animals.（责任）

There are many other methods of research available to medical researchers.

（技能）

—137—
— 动物类真题的ideas
附录
More About Me
本书作者在英语国家的学术成就

•获得 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada 颁发的 Joseph-Armand
Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarship0 该奖学金是加拿大文科类(social sciences and
humanities)学生能够获得的最高等级奖学金之一，并且该奖学金的竞争者均是加拿大
本土学生。加拿大政府对于该项学术研究奖学金的详细介绍 ：www. fin. gc. ca/n07/07-
110-eng. aspo 该项奖学金的申请条件要求 ：www. sshrc-crsh. gc. ca/funding-financement/
programs-programmes/fellowships/cgs_masters-besc_maitrise-eng. aspx#al

•以全A (straight A5s)成绩毕业于加拿大著名研究型大学Queen's University

I declare that all the above information I have provided is true.

Xiaoyi
(a. k. a. Patrick}

Dear Mr. Shen

| am wriung on behalf of Ihc Social Sciences and Humaniti«s Rcseamh (. auncil to advise you
that we are now in & position 10 ofier you a CGS-Master*s award. The scholarship, valued at
SI 7.500. is Ibra 12 month pcnod. You will find enclosed a Notice of Award,

I would like to draw to your attention two of the conditions of the CGS Master's Scholarship：
tiw first is that to be eligible to hold lhe award, you must be registered ai a Canadian university:
the second is timt you must be pursuing ftill-time studies that lead to a Master's degree m the
social sciences or humanities.

For con^lete information regarding the conditions for holding the award as well as the
informaiion you will need to accept or d«?line your award and to activate it, please consuk the
SSHRC Website at; hnp^ /w^^w.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca/ftHxling-financement/usmg-utihser guide-
A/imm*eng.aspx^r " -------- ---------- ------------- ------

On bclialfof the Council. I extend n\\ warns congratulations and wish you even, success m
vow studies.