CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL

ARTICLE 1.0 – INTRODUCTION

1.0.1.1 Purpose

A. Practical Safeguarding. The purpose of this Code is the practical safeguarding of persons and property from
hazards arising from the use of electricity.
B. Adequacy. This Code contains provisions that are considered minimum requirements necessary for safety.
C. Intention. This code is intended as a design specification or an instructional manual to qualified person.
D. Relation to other international standards. Address the fundamental principles of protection for safety
contained in Section 131 of International Electrotechnical Commission Standard 60364-1, Electrical
Installations of Buildings.

1.0.1.2 Scope

(A) Covered. This Code covers the installation of electrical conductors, equipment, and raceways; monitoring,
signaling and communication conductors, equipment and raceways; and optical fiber cables and raceways
installed within or on, to or from:

1. Public and private buildings. All building that may require practical safeguarding of persons and
property from the hazards arising from the use of electricity.
2. Electric generating plants – (power plants)
3. Industrial plants
4. Transformer stations – a station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system
where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformer.
5. Permanent and temporary substation
6. Airfields - an area of land set aside for the takeoff, landing, and maintenance of aircraft.
7. Railways switchyards
8. Yards, carnival, parks, parking and other lots
9. Quarries and mines
10. Watercraft - also known as marine vessels or waterborne vessels, are vehicles used in water, including
ships, boats, hovercraft and submarines.
11. Dockyards - an area or establishment with docks and equipment for repairing and maintaining ships.
12. Trailers
13. Mobile homes and recreational vehicles - is a motor vehicle or trailer which includes living quarters
designed for accommodation.
14. Offshore facilities

(B) Not Covered.

 Installations in railway rolling stock, aircraft or automotive vehicles.

 Installations of railways for generation, transformation, transmission, or distribution of power used
exclusively for operation of rolling stock.

1.0.1.3 Authority

(A) This code has been approved and adopted by the Board of Electrical Engineering, Professional
Regulatory Commission.

(B) By virtue of authority vested in the Board under the Republic Act 7920 or national electrical
engineering law, it hereby direct strict adherence to the provisions of this code.

1.0.1.4 Enforcement
This Code is intended for mandatory application by the Office of the Building Official / EE over electrical
installations.
1.0.1.5 Mandatory Rules, Permissive Rules, Explanatory Material and Appendices.

a. Mandatory Rules. Characterized by the used of the terms shall or shall not be.
b. Permissive Rules. Characterized by the used of the terms shall be permitted or shall not be required.
c. Explanatory Material. Fine print notes
d. Appendices
  Appendix A – Electrical Symbols
 Appendix B – Application Information for Ampacity Calculation
 Appendix C – Conduit and Tubing Fill Tables for Conductors and Fixture Wires of the Same Size
 Appendix D – Wiring Design Examples
 Appendix E – Electrical Forms
 Appendix F – PNS for Electrical Products
 Appendix G – Arc Flash Hazard Warning Label
 Appendix H – Arc Flash Hazard Risk Categories and Personal Protective Equipment

1.0.1.9 Unit of Measurement

(A) Measurement system of preference. Modernized metric system or International System of units (SI)

(B) Trade sizes. Where the actual measured size of a product is not the same as the nominal size, trade size
designators shall be used rather than dimensions. Trade practices shall be followed in all cases.

Table 3.0.1.1 (c) Metric Designator and Trade Sizes

Metric Designator Trade Size

12 3/8
16 ½
21 ¾
27 1
35 1¼
41 1½
53 2
63 2½
78 3
91 3½
103 4
129 5
155 6

ARTICLE 1.2 - PERMITS AND INSPECTIONS CERTIFICATE

1.2.1.1 Electrical Permit Needed Before Work is Started

 Before starting any work regarding electrical system, one shall obtain Electrical permit first from the Office of
the Building Official.
 In the case for watercrafts, the electrical permit is from the authority from maritime concerns.
 In securing electrical permit, the services of a licensed electrical practitioner are required under the Republic Act
7920.

1.2.1.2 Requirement for Electrical Permit: Signatures and Submittal

(A) The Electrical Permit shall include the following minimum information:
1. Applicant.
2. Professional Electrical Engineer who signed and sealed electrical plans and specifications.
3. Licensed Electrical Practitioner who is in-charge of electrical works.
4. Building Owner.
5. Lot Owner.
6. Building Official
(B) Five (5) sets of complete electrical plans and specifications signed and sealed by Professional Electrical
Engineer.

1.2.1.3 Electrical Permit to Be Issued Immediately.

If the project is extensive and required more time for checking and for computations of fees, the issuance of the
Electrical Permit need not be issued immediately. The delay shall not be longer than five (5) working days after
which time application

1.2.1.4 Posting of Electrical Permit.

1.2.2 Electrical Inspection

1.2.2.1 Application for Inspection.

1.2.2.2 Certificate of Inspection. No electrical installation, alteration, and/or addition shall be

connected or reconnected to any power supply or any other source of electrical energy without a
Certificate of Final Electrical Inspection/Completion obtained from the local building official signed by their
respective licensed electrical practitioner.

1.2.3 Special

1.2.3.1 Temporary Installation.

1.2.3.3 Special Permission Required.

1.2.3.4 Reconnection of Disconnected Services. In cases where service has been cut off for more than one (1)
year, a new certificate of final electrical inspection shall be required before reconnection.

ARTICLE 1.3 – ELECTRICAL PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS

1.3.1.1 Drawing Sheet Sizes

a) Electrical plans and drawings shall be drawn on drawing sheets of the following standard sizes:

 760 mm x 1 000 mm
 600 mm x 900 mm
 500 mm x 760 mm

(b) In cases such as projects of large magnitude, exemption in the use of the standard drawing sheets may
be granted by the office of the local building official.

(c) For a dwelling unit having a floor area of not more than 50 square meters with a total load not
exceeding 3 680 VA, a drawing sheet of size 297 mm x 420 mm (A3 size) is permitted.

1.3.2.1 Plan Requirements.

a. Location and Site Plans.

b. Legend or Symbols. Refer to Appendix A – Electrical Symbols
c. General Notes and/or Specifications.
d. Electrical Layout.
e. Schedule of Loads.

CHAPTER 2. WIRING AND PROTECTION

GENERAL RULE FOR BRANCH CIRCUIT

1. Only 80 % of CB rating can be loaded to specific circuit breaker. (up to 30 AT)

2. 15 AT - is commonly used for lighting load (As per NEC, there should be a maximum load of 100W @ 1.0 pf per
household lighting outlets)

3. 20 AT – commonly used for convenience outlet receptacle. (Single or multiple receptacle (duplex or triplex) load
in one yoke is rated 180 VA.)

4. 30 AT - Heavy duty lamp holder, Fixed equipment / individual branch circuit (air conditioning unit, heavy duty
equipment)

5. 40 AT - Electrical range (8 ¾ kW), Fixed equipment / individual branch circuit

6. 50 AT - Fixed equipment / individual branch circuit

Branch circuit larger than 50 A shall supply only non – lighting outlet supply load.
LOAD CALCULATION:

A. LIGHTING LOAD CALCULATIONS

DEMAND FACTOR

OTHER LIGHTING LOADS:

1. Heavy Duty Lamp holders – minimum of 600 VA

2. Sign and Outline lighting – minimum of 1200 VA
3. Show Windows – 200VA per 300mm
4. Track Lighting - 150 VA per 600 mm

B. RECEPTACLE LOAD
 In one – family, two family and multi – family dwelling unit, the convenience outlets are included in the
general lighting load calculations.
 Note: Section 2.20.2.5 (J) states that outlet in the dwelling unit are included in general lighting load
calculation
 Single or multiple receptacle (duplex or triplex) load in one yoke is rated 180 VA.

DEMAND FACTOR

C. SMALL APPLIANCE LOAD

 not less than 1500 VA
 Demand factor same as Lighting Outlets for 1 – 3 small appliances
 75% Demand Factor for 4 or more small appliances
 Not included: air conditioning unit, electric range, clothes dryer, heater
D. LAUNDRY LOAD - not less than 1500 VA and Demand factor same as Lighting Outlets

E. Electric Clothes Dryer - 5000 VA or nameplate rating if higher.

Table 2.20.3.15 Demand Factors for Household Electric Clothes Dryer

F. Electric Range

G. MOTOR LOAD
FLA – Rating of Motor from the template
FLC – Based on PEC Tables

SECTION 2.20.3.23: DWELLING UNIT MORE THAN 150 m2

 If dwelling unit floor area exceeds 150 m2

ACU and Lighting load = 100 % Demand Factor

 Cooking load (Kitchen equipment, Electric range according to table 2.20.3.16)

  Other load: 40%

CHAPTER 3 – WIRING METHODS AND MATERIALS

CONDUCTORS
Branch Circuit Conductors - shall have capacity not less than the max load to be served.

Commonly used Conductors in Residential Buildings

Industrial Application

TYPES OF CONDUCTORS

 AC – Armored Cable
 IGS – Integrated Gas Spacer
 TC – Power and Control Tray Cable
 MC – Metal Clad Cable
 USE – Underground Service Entrance
 UF – Underground Feeder
 NMS – Non-Metallic Sheath
 FC – Flat Cable
 FCC – Flat Conductor Cable
 MI – Mineral Insulated Metal Sheathed Cable

SUMMARY OF BRANCH CIRCUIT REQUIREMENTS

AWG vs Metric System

AMPACITY - The current, in amperes, that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without
exceeding its temperature rating.

Table 3.10.2.5 (B)(16) Allowable ampacities of Insulating conductors not more than 3 – current carrying conductor in a
raceway (page 174, PEC 2017)

Table 3.10.2.5 (B)(16) Allowable ampacities of Insulating conductors not more than 3 – current carrying conductor in
free air (page 175, PEC 2017)

Notes:
 Ampacity is based on 30oC.
 Overcurrent Protection shall not exceed:
o 15 AT – 2.0 mm2
o 20 AT – 3.5 mm2
o 30 AT – 5.5 mm2
 Branch Circuit conductor shall not be smaller than 2.0 mm2.
 Branch circuit conductor supplying continuous load shall have ampacity of 125% of the load being served.

CONDUCTORS IN PARALLEL

- conductors that are 50mm2 and larger are permitted to be in parallel but shall comply with:

1. Be the same length

2. Consists of the same conductor material
3. Be the same cross-sectional area
4. Have the same insulation type
5. Be terminated in the same manner

CORRECTION FACTORS OF CONDUCTOR AMPACITY

1. Due to Ambient Temperature

2. Due to current carrying conductors in a raceway

Table 3.10.2.6 (B)(2)(a) Ambient Temperature Correction Factors based on 30 oC (pg. 170, PEC 2017)

A2 = Ampacity * Correction Factor

Ambient Temperature Correction Factor Formula

C . F .=
√ T c−Ta'
T c−Ta
*Nearest multiple of 5

where: Tc – temperature rating of conductors

Ta – ambient temperature used in table (30oC)

Ta’ – new ambient temperature

Table 3.10.2.6 (B)(3)(a) Adjustment Factors for more than 3 – current carrying ampacities (page 172, PEC 2017)

BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS & FACTOR ALLOWABLE VOLTAGE DROP (page 42 & 51)

1. To provide reasonable efficiency of operation Branch Circuit conductors and feeders are sized to prevent exceeding
3% Voltage Drop at the farthest outlet of lighting, power and heating load.
2. Max voltage drop on both feeders and branch circuit conductors to the farthest outlet should not exceed 5%.
3. For extension cord, allowable voltage drop should not exceed 2%.

Voltage Drop ( VD )=kDI∗√ R 2+ X 2

 k – constant (2 for single phase √ 3 for 3 – phase)
 D – distance of the farthest outlet from the source
 I – line current
 R & X – line resistance/reactance (From table 10.1.1.9 AC Resistance and Reactance for 600V Cable (pg. 942)

RACEWAYS
- sole purpose is to hold conductors.
- examples of raceway:
o Conduit or Tubing
o Wireways
o Cable trays
o Busways
o Cable ducts

Types of Conduits (Tubing)

 IMC – Intermediate Metallic Conduit
 RMC – Rigid Metal Conduit
 RPVC - Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit
 FMC – Flexible Metallic Conduit
 EMT – Electrical Metallic Tubing
 FMT – Flexible Metallic Tubing
 LFMC – Liquid Tight Flexible Metallic Conduit
 RTRC – Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Conduit (latest addition in PEC 2017)
 LFNC – Liquid Tight Non-metallic Conduit
 ENT – Electrical Non-Metallic Tubing
 HDPE – High Density Polyethylene
 NUCC – Non – Metallic underground conduit with conductor
Table 10.1.1.1 Percent of Cross section of conduit & tubing for conductors, page 932, PEC 2017

OVERCURRENT PROTECTION DEVICES

Overcurrent - Any excess current of the rated current of the equipment or the ampacity of conductor.

TYPES OF OCPD

 Fuse
 Circuit Breaker
 Protective Relays
 Instruments Transformers

I. FUSE - an overall current protective device with a circuit opening fusible element which opens or breaks when there is
overcurrent in the circuit.
II. CIRCUIT BREAKER - an overcurrent device designed to function as a switch; equipped with an automatic tripping
device to protect the circuit from overload and ground fault.

Instantaneous Trip – A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the
circuit breakers.

Inverse Time – A qualifying term indicating that there is purposely introduced a delay in the tripping action of the circuit
breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.

Section 2.40.1.4 Protection of Conductors

 7AT - 0.75 mm2 - continuous load do not excess 5.6 A

 10 AT - 1.25 mm2 - continuous load do not excess 5.6 A
 15 AT - 2.0 mm2 copper - 3.5 mm2 aluminum or copper clad aluminum
 20 AT - 3.5 mm2 copper
 25 AT - 5.5 mm2 Aluminum or copper clad – aluminum
 30 AT - 5.5 mm2 copper

OVERCURRENT PROTECTION CALCULATION

 MOTOR
- Inverse time Delay CB:
250% x Full load Current

- Overload Protection (Overload Relay):

125% x Full Load Ampere

- Ampacity of Cable
125% x Full Load Current
 - For combination of several motor loads, for the calculation of feeder conductor ampacity:
125% of largest motor + 100% FLC of other motor loads

- For combination of several motor loads, for the calculation of Main feeder short circuit and
Ground Fault Protection, using Inverse time delay circuit breaker:
250% of largest motor + 100% FLC of other motor loads

 CAPACITOR
135% of Capacitor Rated Current

 GENERATOR
115% of Generator Rated Current

 Air Conditioning Unit (Hermetic Refrigerant and Motor Compressor)

175% of Motor Compressor Rated Current

III. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

Type of Instrument Transformers

 Current Instruments
- Window type
- Bar Type
- Bushing Type
 Voltage Instruments
- Magnetic Type
- Capacitive Coupling

IV. PROTECTIVE RELAY

Relay – An electric device that is designed to interpret input conditions in a prescribed manner and after
specified conditions are met to respond to cause contact operation or similar abrupt change in associated
electric control circuits (IEEE 100-1984)

Classification according to function

- Protective Relays
- Reclosing Relays
- Auxiliary Relays
- Monitoring Relays
- Regulating Relays
- Synchronizing Relays

Protective Relay – A relay whose function is to detect defective lines or apparatus or other power system
conditions of an abnormal or dangerous nature and to initiate appropriate control circuit action (IEEE 100-1984)

Classification according to function

- Current Relays
- Power Relays
- Frequency Relays
- Flow Relays
- Voltage Relays
- Pressure Relays
- Temperature Relays
- Vibration Relays
SERVICES
Type of Services

1. Overhead Services
2. Underground Services

Typical Services Single Line Diagram

Disconnecting Means
MINIMUM SIZE OF UNDERGROUND / OVERHEAD SERVICE CONDUCTOR – 8.0 mm2 Copper Conductor

Rating of Service Disconnect Means

1. One Circuit Installation – not less than 15 A

2. One Circuit Installation (dwelling unit) – not less than 20 A

3. Two Circuit Installation - not less than 30 A

4. One Family dwelling unit – not less than 60 A (minimum CB ampacity)

5. All others – not less than 60 A

GROUNDING
 Grounding – connecting to earth or to some conducting body that serves in a place of earth.
 Bonding – joining of metallic parts to form an electrically conductive part. (Connected to establish electrical
continuity and conductivity.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROUNDING AND BONDING

Grounding or earthing is to connect conductor to ground while bonding is to connect conductor to conductor.
Grounding and bonding are related but are not mutually exclusive.

GROUNDED CONDUCTOR – a system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded. (Commonly referred to as the
neutral conductor on a grounded wye system)

The neutral wire or “grounded conductor” is a normally current-carrying conductor, similar in many ways to a
phase wire in that it will carry the same amount of current in single phase system

Means of Identifying Grounded Conductors, for 14mm2 or smaller and 22 mm2 or Larger

- A continuous white outer finish

- A continuous gray outer finish
- Three continuous white or green stripes along conductor’s length on other than green insulation.

The ground wire is a normally non-current carrying conductor, designed to carry the electrical energy should a
fault occur.

GROUNDED CONDUCTOR, EQUIPMENT – conductor used to connect the non-current currying metal plate of equipment,
raceway and other enclosure to the system grounded conductor, the grounding or at the source of separately derived
system.
GROUNDING ELECTRODE - device that established an electrical connection to earth.

GROUNDING ELECTRODE CONDUCTOR - conductor used to connect the grounding electrode to the equipment
grounding conductor to the grounded conductor or both at the same service.

BONDING JUMPER, EQUIPMENT - conductor used to connect the grounding electrode to the equipment grounding
conductor to the grounded conductor or both at the same service.

BONDING JUMPER, MAIN - the connection between the grounded circuit conductor and the equipment grounding
conductor at the service.

BONDING JUMPER, SYSTEM - the connection between the grounded circuit conductor at a separately derived system.

ILLUMINATION ENGINEERING DESIGN

Illumination - may be defined as the lighting or light of proper color, quantity and so directed as to allow quick and
accurate vision without discomfort to eyes.

What is a lamp? The lamp is the specific device that produces the light output, which is typically replaceable.

What is a luminaire? A luminaire, also called a light fixture, refers to the lamp plus all of the components required for a
functional device, which includes:

 Fixture body
 Electrical connection
 Ballast, if the lamp type requires it
 Reflectors / diffusers / acrylics
 Lamp socket

Consideration in Choosing Lamps

1. Type of Lamps
2. Total Power Input - Lamp Wattage + Ballast Wattage

3. Initial Lumens - is also known as initial light output. It refers to the total amount of light produced by a
particular lighting device just after it has stabilized but before depreciation (loss of operational efficiency) has
started. Lumens is unit of Luminous Flux.

4. Average Rated Life - In lighting industry, the Average Rated Life (ARL) of a lamp or a bulb refers to the time it
takes for exactly half the bulbs (50 percent) of a test sample to die out while the other half continue to burn. The
ARL of a light bulb is also popularly known as half-life. It is expressed in hours and is an indicator of the longevity
of lights.

5. Color Temperature - is a way to describe the light appearance provided by a light bulb. It is measured in degrees
of Kelvin (K) on a scale from 1,000 to 10,000. Typically, Kelvin temperatures for commercial and residential
lighting applications fall somewhere on a scale from 2000K to 6500K.
Type of Lamps

1. Incandescent Lamps
- Incandescent Lamp technology uses electric current to heat a coiled tungsten filament to incandescence.
- Incandescent Lamp is strongly affected by input voltage.
- Also called as xenon lamp, but are not the same as the high-pressure xenon lamps.
2. Halogen Lamps
- use a halogen gas fill (typically iodine or bromine) to produce what is called halogen cycle inside the lamp.
- Also called quartz lamp

3. Discharge Lamps

- Discharge lamps produce light by passing an electric current through a gas that emits light when ionized by
the current. An auxiliary device known as a ballast supplies voltage to the lamp’s electrodes, which have
been coated with a mixture of alkaline earth oxides to enhance electron emission. Two general categories of
discharge lamps: (1) high intensity discharge (HID) and (2) fluorescent lamps

Four types of HID Lamps

1. High Pressure Mercury Vapor Lamps - is a gas discharge lamp that uses an electric arc through vaporized
mercury to produce light.
2. Metal Halide - used as automotive head lamps (Xenon headlights)
3. High Pressure Sodium Lamps – used as plant grow lights
4. High Pressure Xenon Lamps - used in movie projectors in theater

Two types of Fluorescent Lamps

1. Linear Fluorescent Lamp

 Fluorescent Lamp - is a gas discharge source that contain mercury at low pressure, with a small amount
of inert gas for starting. Once an arc is established, the mercury vapor emits ultraviolet radiation.
 Phosphors – Fluorescent Powders coating the inner walls of a glass bulb
 Fluorescent Lamp – described in terms of the diameter of lamp tube. The diameter is given in eights of
an inch. (T5 lamp has a diameter of 5/8 inch)
2. Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)
 CFL’s produce light in the same manner as linear fluorescent Lamps. Their tube diameter is usually T5 or
smaller.

4. LED (Light Emitting Diodes)

- LEDs are solid state semiconductor devices that convert electrical energy directly into light.
-