COUNSELING

COUNSELING GENERAL SKILLS APPLIED

➢ A form of ‘TALK THERAPY’ • Attending Behavior
➢ An INDIVIDUAL, COUPLE OR FAMILY MEET • Active Listening
with a TRAINED PROFESSIONAL COUNSELOR • Leads and Responses
to talk about issues and problems they are
facing in their lives
COUNSELOR
➢ Professional Counseling
➢ has been trained to listen to the problems of
• Is CONFIDENTIAL and NON- their clients
JUDGEMENTAL ➢ give advice
➢ Client and therapist EXPLORE DIFFICULTIES, ➢ help people through tough times, such as:
learn to SEE THINGS CLEARLY, and • death of a loved one
FACILITATE POSITIVE CHANGE (Sexton, 1996)
• a divorce
➢ The act of giving oneself and being
• Family issues
compassionate in counseling processes
• or other traumatic experiences that
➢ Fundamental part in the area of helping not
impact their lives
only in social work but also in guidance

PURPOSE OF COUNSELING HOW TO BE A COUNSELOR

PEOPLE SEEK “HELP” WHEN THEY: • Obtain a master's degree in counseling
• Complete an internship
1. Involved in complex problem situations that
• Get their professional licensing
they are unable to manage/cope with
• Determine which branch of counseling they will
2. Feel they are not living as fully as they might
specialize in
(missed opportunities and unused potential)
• Continue their learning throughout their career

GOALS
PROCESSES IN COUNSELING
(MATURE/OPTIMAL FUNCTIONING (IDEAL))
Counseling process is both considered an art and a
LIFE ENHANCING OUTCOMES science:

➢ Managing problems and developing resources AS AN ART

for more effective living • Requires counselor to be sensitive to his clients
LEARNING SELF-HELP • Needs excellent skills in listening and ability of
➢ Assist clients to become better at supporting the counselor to demonstrate care and
themselves empathy
PREVENTION MENTALITY AS A SCIENCE
➢ Assist clients to develop action-oriented
prevention mentality in their lives • Requires the use of scientific tools to obtain
comprehension during the different stages of
the counseling process
COUNSELING PROCESS
1. Relationship Building
GOALS OF COUNSELING
2. Problem Identification and Exploration
3. Formulation of Counseling Goals Development Goals
4. Problem Solution and Remediation ➢ Advancing client’s human growth and
development including social, personal,
emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness
Preventive Goals STAGE 4-INTERVENTION AND PROBLEM SOLVING
➢ Avoid undesired outcome ➢ Comprises the counseling goals, strategies
and intervention
Enhancement Goals
STAGE 5-TERMINATION AND FOLLOW- UP
➢ Enhance special skills and abilities
➢ Tracks the progress of the client with the
Remedial Goals help of the counselor.
➢ Assist client to overcome and treat an STAGE 6-RESEARCH AND EVALUATION
undesirable development
➢ Can be taken at any point of the counseling
Exploratory Goals stage
➢ Examining options, testing of skills, trying ➢ Provides scientific appreciation
new and different activities, etc.
SCOPE OF COUNSELING
Reinforcement Goals
➢ Help client in recognizing that what they are
doing, thinking and feeling is fine

Cognitive Goals
➢ Acquiring the basic foundation of learning
and cognitive skills

Physiological Goals
➢ Acquiring the basic understanding and
habits for good health

Psychological Goals
➢ Develop good social interaction skills,
learning emotional control, and developing
positive self-concept

SIX STAGES OF THE COUNSELING PROCESS

ACCORDING NYSTUL (2003)
STAGE 1-RELATIONSHIP BUILDING CORE VALUES
➢ Provides the force and foundation for the • It is essential that the counselors comprehend the
counseling values of their clients in order to accompany them
➢ Establish rapport appropriately
➢ Promote acceptance of the client Ethics and moral issues are closely
➢ Promote relevant communication between connected to values
the counselor and the counselee

STAGE 2-ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS EMPATHY

➢ Offers appreciation of the client’s condition ➢ Ability to understand the client's feelings
➢ Analysis of the root causes of the problem from the client's viewpoint
➢ Data gathered will be the diagnosis INTEGRITY
STAGE 3-FORMULATION OF COUNSELING GOALS ➢ Being honest
➢ Sets the direction of the counseling process, ➢ Having strong moral values
its parameters of work and the client- HUMILITY
counselor relationship ➢ Ability to acknowledge the weakness and
➢ The client and counselor must agree on their limitations oneself
goals
RESILIENCE
➢ Ability to be being able to bounce back from
stressful situations

COMPETENCE
➢ Ability to perform one's duties efficiently

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING

FIDELITY
➢ Involves the ideas of fidelity, loyalty, and
keeping promises
➢ Ability to trust is viewed as essential to
comprehending and resolving ethical
dilemmas

AUTONOMY
➢ Giving a person freedom to decide what to
do and how to accomplish it
➢ The importance of fostering a client's
capacity for self-direction in treatment and
throughout life

JUSTICE
➢ Being just and fair to every customer and
respecting their human rights and dignity
➢ Researchers argue that treating people fairly
means treating them fairly based on their
meaningful differences rather than treating
them as equals and unequal equally

BENEFICENCE
➢ Always act in your client's best interests
after conducting a thorough evaluation
➢ Reflects the counselor's obligation to
promote the client's well-being

NON-MALEFICENCE
➢ States that we should not damage other
people
➢ Sometimes stated as "above all, do no
damage"
➢ Seen by some as the most important of all
the others, even if they are all equally
important logically