Biological Sciences 7th Class
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT–2
Lab Activities & Project Works
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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES – FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT–2
LAB ACTIVITY
To demonstrate the mechanism of breathing
Aim : To prepare a model to demonstrate the mechanism of
breathing.
Apparatus required : Rubber sheet, Balloons, glass/plastic bottle, rubber cork,
plastic straw.
Procedure : i)Take a clean plastic bottle and discard the bottom part.
ii) Make a hole in its lid and fix it on the bottle.
iii) Tape two balloons on the ends of the straw in Y shape.
Then place it inside the bottle.
iv) Then attach the rubber sheet around the cut end of the
bottle.
v) Observe the balloons inflate or fill in air when the rubber
sheet is pulled and when relaxed air exits from the balloons
towards outside.
Observation : Rubber sheet (like the diaphragm) plays an important role
in the entry of air into balloons and exit of air from the
balloons. Mainly observe how the balloons expand and
constrict.
Inference : Diaphragm like the rubber sheet when contracts or pulls,
lets air into the lungs and when relaxes allows the escape
of air from the lungs.
***
Bhashyam's :: 2 :: 7th_ Biological Sciences_F.A.-2
LAB ACTIVITY
To observe the effect of exhaled air on lime water.
Aim : To observe the effect of exhaled air on lime water.
Apparatus required : Lime water, test tube, straw etc..
Procedure : 1. Take a slender, clean test tube or a glass/plastic bottle.
2. Make a hole in its lid and fix it on the bottle.
3. Pour some freshly prepared lime water in the test-tube.
4. Insert a plastic straw through the hole in the lid in such a
way that it dips in lime water.
5. Now blow gently through the straw a few times.
Observation : Lime water turns into milky white.
Inference : 1. During exhalation, air contains more carbon dioxide
produced as a waste product of energy production, outside
the body.
2. Lime Water is also known as calcium hydroxide.
3. When exhaled air is blown through lime Water, it turns
milky.
4. The carbon dioxide present in the exhaled air reacts with
the lime water and turns it into a milky solution.
Bhashyam's ::* 3* *:: 7th_ Biological Sciences_F.A.-2
PROJECT WORK
Preliminary Information :
Class : 7th
Subject : Biological sciences
Name of the lesson : Respiration in Organisms
Project No :
Date of Submission :
Role of Team :
1. Team Leader : Allotting work to the team members and leading the entire team
2. 2nd student : Collection of Material
3. 3rd student : Collection of pictures, Submission of report
4. 4th student : Explaining the project
Details of the project :
Title of the project : Effects of consumption of tobacco products.
Objectives of the project : To understand the effects of consumption of tobacco products in
the human beings.
Tools : Reference book, Internet and General observation.
Introduction : Tobacco use is a major health and social problem world wide. It’s
use is a leading cause of cancer and death. Consumption of tobacco
is a complex and multi dimensional problem faced by the country.
Inhaling tobacco smoke exposes users to more thatn 7000 toxicants
and at least 70 carcinogens, damaging the whole body.
Procedure : I observed some persons who is using tobacco products around us
and pictures in magazines.
Effects :
1. Tobacco is an agricultural product & ‘Nicotine’ is a drug found in tobacco which is highly
addictive.
2. Tobacco can be consumed in the forms of smoking, chewing, dipping or sniffing.
3. Many people use smokeless tobacco products, such as snuff and chewing tobacco in the
form of Gutkha, Khaini, Mawa, Pan masala etc.
4. Cigarette smoking is the most popular method of using tobacco which contains more than
7000 toxic chemicals and 70 carcinogens.
Bhashyam's :: 4 :: 7th _Biological Sciences_FA-2
5. Smoking decreases the blood supply to your brain, constricts the blood vessels and causes
‘atherosclerosis’.
6. Smoking and chewing tobacco are the main cause of cancers of the tongue, salivary gland,
mouth, pharynx and for brown teeth.
7. Smokers are ten times as likely to get lung cancer and emphysema as nonsmokers.
8. Nicotine causes the blood clots and development of plaque which leads to Risk of heart
attack.
9. Exophageal cancer in esophagus happens due to smoking.
10. Tobacco smoking or chewing accelerate the process of stomach cancer.
11. Kidney cancer is more common and aggressive among tobacco users.
12. Poor blood circulation damages the blood vessel lead to death of body tissue which increases
risk of ‘Gangrene’.
13. Tobacco smokers suffer more fractures due to higher rate of Osteoporosis (Decreased bone
density.)
14. Tobacco in some cases used as a pesticide and in the form of nicotine tart rate used in some
medicine. But directly tobacco consumption is dangerous. It kills.
15. So quit tobacco smoking as soon as possible.
Analysis : So if we consume tobacco products, they cause health problems and
also death.
Conclusion : Based on this project we concluded that tobacco has carcinogenic agents
and health disorder chemicals. They cause health problems and lead
to death.
Experience of the student :
1. I am surprised by the health hazards caused by tobacco products.
2. I learnt that it is a social problem.
3. To become healthy every one should avoid smoking.
Doubts while conducting this project :
1. What happens if smokers stop smoking suddenly ?
2. Which body parts are mainly damaged by tobacco products ?
3. What are the reasons for smoking ?
Acknowledgment :
1) Thanks to co–students of group in presenting the project.
2) Thanks to the teachers who guided us to do this project and for their valuable guidance for
the success of this project.
Bhashyam's :: 5 :: 7th _Biological Sciences_FA-2
Signature of the student :
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Bhashyam's :: 6 :: 7th _Biological Sciences_FA-2
