Is 335
Is 335
Indian Standard
ICS 29.040
© BIS 2018
               FOREWORD
               This Indian Standard (Fifth Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
               the Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications Sectional Committee has been approved by the Electrotechnical
               Division Council.
               This standard, first published in 1953, was based on BS 148 : 1951 ‘Insulating oil for transformers and switchgear’,
               issued by the British Standards Institution. It was revised in 1963 to bring the test methods in line with the
               practices in vogue. The second revision was undertaken in 1972 mainly to include oxidation test as given in IEC
               Pub 296 (1982) ‘Specification for unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear’. The third
               revision was undertaken in 1983 to include an ageing test based on ASTM D 1934 : 1968 ‘Standard method of test
               for oxidative ageing of electrical insulating petroleum oils by open beaker method’, issued by the American
               Society for Testing and Materials. Subsequently, the fourth revision was undertaken in 1993 to include amendments
               issued since the adoption of third revision and also a new method of test adopted for detection of oxidation
               inhibitor.
               This standard is largely based on IEC 60296 : 2012. Main changes with regard to the fifth revision include: Only
               one class of oil has been replaced by three classes, namely Type I transformer oil (in line with IEC 60296), Type
               II transformer oil with higher viscosity max, values at 40oC and third low temperature switchgear oil, but a new
               concept, the lowest cold start energizing temperature, has been included; new properties have been added (that is
               sulphur content, gassing tendency, PCA, PCB and furan); values for properties have been revised, and test methods
               have been revised (that is acidity, corrosive sulphur and oxidation stability).
               This standard also covers the requirements of inhibited mineral insulating oils which were earlier covered in
               IS 12463 : 1988. With the publication of this standard IS 12463 is superseded and hence shall be withdrawn.
               For the maintenance and supervision of insulating oils conforming to this standard and used in transformers,
               switchgear and certain other similar oil immersed equipment, reference shall be made to IS 1866 : 2000 ‘Code of
               practice for maintenance and supervision of mineral insulating oil in equipment (third revision )’.
               For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
               observed or calculated expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules
               for rounding off numerical values ( revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value
               should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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IS 335 : 2018
                                                                 Indian Standard
                             NEW INSULATING OILS — SPECIFICATION
                                                                  (Fifth Revision)
               1 SCOPE                                                                     NOTE — This does not include insulating liquids such as esters,
                                                                                           synthetic aromatics or silicone fluids.
               This standard covers specifications and test methods
                                                                                        3.4 Additive — Suitable chemical substance which is
               for unused mineral insulating oils. It applies to oil
                                                                                        deliberately added to a mineral insulating oil in order
               delivered to the agreed point and time of delivery,
               intended for use in transformers, switchgear and similar                 to improve certain characteristics.
               electrical equipment in which oil is required as an                         NOTE — Examples include antioxidants, metal passivators,
               insulant and for heat transfer. These oils are obtained                     metal deactivators, gas absorbers, pour point depressants,
                                                                                           electrostatic charging tendency depressants, anti-foam agents,
               by distillation and refining of crude petroleum.                            refining process improvers, etc.
               Oils with and without additives are both within the                      3.5 Antioxidant Additive — Additive incorporated
               scope of this standard.                                                  in insulating oil that improve oxidation stability.
               This standard is applicable only to unused mineral                          NOTE — A large number of additives which improve oxidation
               insulating oils.                                                            stability, including inhibitors, peroxide decomposers, metal
                                                                                           passivators and metal deactivators are available and may be
               Reclaimed oils are beyond the scope of this standard.                       used in oils if declared (see 6.11.1 and 6.11.2)
               This standard does not apply to mineral oils used as                     3.5.1 Inhibitor — Antioxidant additives of the phenolic–
               impregnants in cables or capacitors.                                     or amine-type, such DBPC and DBP described
                                                                                        in IS 13631.
                  NOTE — Mineral insulating oils complying with the
                  requirements of this standard, of the same class and containing          Note — DBPC = 2,6 di-tert-butyl-para-cresol, DBP = 2,6
                  no additives ( see 3.4), are considered to be compatible with            di-tert-butyl-phenol.
                  one another and can be mixed in any proportion. This does not
                  apply to oils containing additives. Where the user wishes to          3.5.2 Other Antioxidant Additive — Antioxidant
                  mix such oils, a check is recommended to be made to ensure            additive of the sulphur or phosphorous type.
                  that the mixture meets the requirements of this standard.
                                                                                        3.5.3 Passivator — Metal passivator additive used
               2 REFERENCES                                                             primarily as electrostatic charging depressant, but which
                                                                                        may also improve oxidation stability.
               The standards listed in Annex A contain provisions
               which, through reference in this text, constitute                            NOTE — Metal passivators are sometimes described as metal
                                                                                           deactivators or corrosion inhibitors.
               provisions of this standard. At the time of publication,
               the editions indicated were valid. All standards are                     3.6 Uninhibited Oil — Mineral insulating oil
               subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on                  containing no inhibitor.
               this standard are encouraged to investigate the                             NOTE — No inhibitor means that the total inhibitor content is
               possibility of applying the most recent editions of the                     below the detection limit of 0.01 percent (see IS 13631).
               standards listed in Annex A.
                                                                                        3.7 Trace Inhibited Oil — Mineral insulating oil
               3 TERMINOLOGY                                                            containing less than 0.08 percent of total inhibitor
                                                                                        content as measured as per IS 13631.
               For the purposes of this standard, the following
               definitions shall apply:                                                 3.8 Inhibited Oil — Mineral insulating oil containing
                                                                                        a minimum of 0.08 percent and maximum of 0.4 percent
               3.1 Transformer Oil — Mineral insulating oil for                         of total inhibitor content as measured as per IS 13631.
               transformers and similar electrical equipment where
               normal oxidation resistance is required.                                 3.9 Unused Mineral Insulating Oil — Mineral
                                                                                        insulating oil not recycled as delivered by the supplier.
               3.2 Low Temperature Switchgear Oil — Mineral
                                                                                           NOTES
               insulating oil for oil-filled switchgear for outdoor
                                                                                           1 Such an oil has not been used in, nor been in contact with
               application in very cold climatic conditions.                               electrical equipment or other equipment not required for
                                                                                           manufacture, storage or transport. The manufacturer and
               3.3 Mineral Insulating Oil — Insulating oil obtained                        supplier of unused oil will have taken all reasonable precautions
               by refining, modifying and/or blending of petroleum                         to ensure that there is no contamination with polychlorinated
               products and other hydrocarbons.                                            biphenyls or terphenyls (PCB, PCT), used, reclaimed or
                                                                                    1
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IS 335 : 2018
                                                                                        2
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IS 335 : 2018
                          purchaser each oil delivery shall be                      The viscosity at the lowest cold start energizing
                          accompanied by a document from the supplier               temperature (LCSET) shall not exceed 1 800 mm2/s
                          specifying the supplier’s designation, oil                for LCSET temperatures higher than –40 o C
                          classification and compliance certificate.                (respectively 2 500 mm2/s at –40oC, see Table 1). This
                          NOTE — This standard may be traceable to a specific       lowest cold start energizing temperature (LCSET) for
                          batch of oil processed.                                   transformer oils is defined in this standard as being
                    d) The supplier shall declare the generic type of               –30oC but other LCSET (see Table 1) can be agreed to
                       all additives, and their concentration in the                between the supplier and the purchaser.
                       cases of inhibitors and passivators.                         Low temperature switchgear oil should have a lower
               5.4.1 BIS Certification Marking                                      viscosity at LCSET: 400 mm2/s, Max. Standard LCSET
               The product may also be marked with the Standard                     of low temperature switchgear oil is defined with –40oC
               Mark.                                                                but other LCSET may be agreed to between the supplier
                                                                                    and the purchaser.
               The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the
               provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act,                    Viscosity shall be measured according to IS 1448
               2016 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder.                  (Part 25), viscosity at very low temperatures according
               The details of conditions under which the License for                to IS 16084.
               the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to
                                                                                    6.2 Pour Point
               manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the
               Bureau of Indian Standards.                                          Pour point of mineral insulating oil is the lowest
                                                                                    temperature at which the oil will just flow. It is
               5.5 Sampling
                                                                                    recommended that the pour point should be minimum
               Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the                 10°C below the lowest cold start energizing
               procedure described in IS 6855.                                      temperature (LCSET). If a pour point depressant
                                                                                    additive is used, this should be mentioned by the
               6 PROPERTIES, THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AND
                                                                                    supplier to the user. Pour point shall be measured in
               TEST METHODS
                                                                                    accordance with IS 1448 (Part 10/Sec 2).
               6.0 General
                                                                                    6.3 Water Content
               The properties, test methods and limits shall be in
               accordance with those given in Table 2 unless otherwise              A low water content of mineral insulating oil is
               specified in the respective clause.                                  necessary to achieve adequate break down voltage and
                                                                                    low dissipation losses. To avoid separation of free
               6.1 Viscosity                                                        water, unused insulating oil should have limited water
               Viscosity influences heat transfer and therefore the                 content. Before filling the electrical equipment, the oil
               temperature rise of the equipment. The lower the                     should be treated to meet the requirements of IS 1866.
               viscosity, the easier the oil circulates leading to                  Water content shall be measured in accordance with
               improved heat transfer. At low temperatures the                      IEC 60814.
               resulting higher viscosity of oil is a critical factor for
               the cold start of transformers with poor or no circulation           6.4 Breakdown Voltage
               of oil and therefore possible overheating at the hot                 Breakdown voltage of transformer oil indicates its
               spots, and negatively influence the speed of moving                  ability to resist electrical stress in electrical equipment.
               parts such as in power circuit breakers, switchgear, on              Breakdown voltage shall be measured in accordance
               load tap changer mechanisms, pumps and regulators.                   with IS 6792. The supplier shall demonstrate that after
                            Table 1 Maximum Viscosity and Pour Point of Transformer Oil at Lowest Cold Start
                                                  Energizing Temperature (LCSET)
                                                       (Clauses 4, 5.1.3 and 6.1)
                   Sl              LCSET                                 Maximum Viscosity                         Maximum Pour Point
                  No.                °C                                       mm2/s                                       °C
                  (1)                (2)                                       (3)                                        (4)
                    i)                0                                         1 800                                       –10
                   ii)               –10                                        1 800                                       –20
                   iii)              –20                                        1 800                                       –30
                   iv)               –30                                        1 800                                       –40
                    v)               –40                                        2 500                                       –50
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IS 335 : 2018
               treatment to reduce particles, water and dissolved air                        NOTE — By agreement between parties, DDF may be measured
                                                                                             at temperatures other than 90 °C. In such cases the temperature
               by vacuum procedure (see note), the oil shall have a
                                                                                             of measurement should be stated in the report.
               high dielectric strength (breakdown voltage >70 kV).
                   NOTE — This treatment referred to filtration of the oil at 60 oC       6.6 Appearance
                   by vacuum (pressure below 2.5 kPa) through a sintered glass
                   filter (with a maximum pore size at 2.5 µm).                           A visual inspection of insulating oil (oil sample in
                                                                                          transmitted light under a thickness of approximately
               6.5 Dielectric Dissipation Factor (DDF)                                    10 cm and at ambient temperature) indicates the
                                                                                          presence of visible contaminants, free water or
               Dielectric Dissipation Factor is measure for dielectric
                                                                                          suspended matter.
               losses caused within the oil. DDF values above
               requirements of Table 2 can indicate contamination of     6.7 Acidity
               the oil by polar contaminants or poor refining quality.
               DDF shall be measured in accordance with IS 16086         Unused mineral insulating oil should be neutral and
               at 90°C. In case of dispute, IEC 60247 at 90°C should     free from any acidic compound. Acidity shall be
               be used.                                                  measured following IEC 62021-1.
                                                       Table 2 General Specifications
                                                              (Clauses 4, 5.2, 6)
                                                                                      4
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Table 2 — (Concluded)
                 1)
                     This is the standard LCSET for a transformer oil (see 6.1) and can be modified depending on the climatic condition of each region.
                     Pour point should be minimum of 10°C below LCSET.
                 2)
                     Standard LCSET for low temperature switchgear oil.
                 3)
                     For bulk supply
                 4)
                     For delivery in drums and IBC.
                 5)
                     After laboratory treatment (see 6.4)
                 6)
                     Where it is used as general requirement, a limit of minimum 40 mN/m is recommended.
                 7)
                     The supplier shall declare the generic type of all additives and their concentrations in the case of antioxidant additives.
                 8)
                     To be agreed upon between supplier and purchaser.
                 9)
                     At the end of oxidation stability tests.
                 10)
                     Particle content in drums at the delivery of the oil can be agreed between supplier and customer based on a statistical reference at
                     delivery.
                 11)
                     A DDF of maximum 0.020 after 2 h of oxidation (see IS 12422 or IEC 61125) can be used for application in EHV instrument
                     transformers and bushings.
                 12)
                     In case of any dispute, ISO 14596 should be used.
               6.8 Interfacial Tension (IFT)                                            6.10 Corrosive Sulphur and Potentially Corrosive
               Low IFT sometimes indicates the presence of polar                        Sulphur
               compounds. IFT shall be measured in accordance with                      Some sulphur compounds, for example mercaptans, are
               ASTM D971.                                                               very corrosive to metal surfaces, that is steel, copper
                                                                                        and silver (switchgear contacts) and shall not be present
               6.9 Sulphur Content                                                      in new oil. Corrosive sulphur shall be measured
               Different organo-sulphur compounds are present in                        following DIN 51353.
               mineral oils, dependent on the crude oil origin and the                  Some other sulphur compounds, for example dibenzyl
               degree and type of refining. Refining reduces the                        disulphide (DBDS), may result in the deposition of
               content of sulphur and aromatic hydrocarbons. As some                    copper sulphide (Cu2S) in paper insulation, reducing
               sulphur compounds have an affinity to metals, they may                   its electrical insulation properties (see Annex B). This
               act as natural oxidation inhibitors but they may promote                 has resulted in several equipment failures in service.
               corrosion on metallic components in the system.
                                                                                        IS 16310 provides the best currently available method
               Sulphur content is a specific requirement of 7.1.                        to detect potentially corrosive sulphur compounds in
               Sulphur content shall be measured following ISO 14596                    oil. It applies only to oils that do not contain a metal
               or ASTM D4294. In case of any dispute, ISO 14596                         passivator additive (declared or undeclared).
               should be used.                                                          For passivator – containing oils (see B-3).
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               6.11 Additives (see 3.4)                                         (TTA). Detection and measurement of these additives
                                                                                shall be according to IS 13631.
               6.11.1 General
                                                                                Several other compounds can be used as metal
               The generic type of all additives shall be declared in
                                                                                passivator additives, such as N,N -bis(2-Ethylhexyl)-
               product data sheets and certificates of compliance. For
                                                                                1H-1,2,4-triazole-1 methanamine (TAA), diamino-
               antioxidant additives and passivators, their
                                                                                diphenyldisulphide, nicotinic acid, hydroquinoline and
               concentrations shall also be stated.
                                                                                other sulphur-based compounds, for which no test
               6.11.2 Antioxidant Additives (see 3.5)                           methods are available2.
               Antioxidants slow down the oxidation of oil and                     [2. Examples of commercially available TTAA and TAA are
               therefore the formation of degradation products such                Irgamet 39© and Irgamet 30© respectively. This information
                                                                                   is given for the convenience of users of this standard and does
               as oil sludge and acidity. It is useful to know whether             not constitute any endorsement of these products.]
               and in what proportion antioxidant additive has been
               added in order to monitor additive depletion during              6.11.4 Pour Point Depressants
               service.                                                         These additives are used to improve the viscosity and
               Additives that slow down the oxidation of mineral                pour point of oils at very low temperatures. Detection
               insulating oils include:                                         and measurement of the two main types of pour point
                                                                                depressant additives used (polynapthalenes and
                   a) Inhibitors such as phenols and amines (see                polymethacrylates) shall be according to IS 13631.
                      3.5.1). The most widely used inhibitors are
                      DBPC and DBP (see 3.5.1). Detection and                   6.12 Oxidation Stability
                      measurement of DBPC and DBP shall be
                      carried out in accordance with IS 13631. Test             Oxidation of oil gives rise to acidity and sludge
                      methods are not available for other types of              formation. This can be reduced by using oils with a
                      inhibitors.                                               high oxidation stability leading to longer service life
                                                                                time by minimizing sludge deposition and maximizing
                   b) Other antioxidant additives such as sulphur
                                                                                insulation life. Oxidation stability is measured in
                      and phosphor – containing compounds, for
                                                                                accordance with IS 12422. There is an option for stricter
                      example organic polysulphides and di-thio-
                                                                                limits for special applications . More stringent limits
                      phosphates (see 3.5.2). An antioxidant
                                                                                and/or additional requirements and tests may be
                      additive of this type is DBDS (see 6.10), but
                                                                                specified, if required.
                      it is not accepted as it is known to be corrosive
                      to copper and will likely result in the oil failing       Test durations for oils containing inhibitors shall be as
                      the potentially corrosive sulphur test of                 indicated in Table 2. Test duration for oils containing
                      IS 16310. Test methods are in preparation only            other antioxidant additives and metal passivators shall
                      for DBDS (see 6.21) and not for other                     be 500 h.
                      antioxidant additives of this type.
                                                                                Passivator-containing oils shall be tested for oxidation
                   c) Metal passivators (see 6.11.3).
                                                                                stability before the passivator additive has been added
               6.11.3 Metal Passivators                                         to the oil (when possible), using the test durations of
                                                                                Table 2.
               Some of these additives form thin films on copper,
               preventing the catalytic effect of copper in oil and the         6.13 Gassing Tendency
               formation of harmful copper sulphide deposits in paper
               by reaction with corrosive sulphur compounds                     Gassing tendency of mineral insulating oil, that is the
               contained in the oil. Some of them protect the oil from          gas absorbing property of oil when subjected to corona
               the catalytic action of metals and slow down the rate of         partial discharges, is only necessary and important for
               oxidation of oil. Passivators therefore slow down the            special equipment like HV (high voltage) instrument
               oxidation process according to IS 12422 as they                  transformers and bushings. It is a measure of the rate
               passivate the surface of the catalyzing copper wire, thus        of absorption or evolution of gas into oil under
               leading to an optimistic result of the oxidation stability       prescribed laboratory conditions. Gas absorption
               test. Some of them are also used to reduce the                   properties are related to oil aromatic content. Gassing
               electrostatic charging tendency of oils (see 6.14).              tendency is measured using IEC 60628 (Method A).
               Three main types of benzotriazole derivatives are                Gassing tendency is a specific requirement of 7.3.
               typically used as metal passivator additives: N - bis (2-           NOTE — Additives such as 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronapthelene
               Ethylhexyl)-aminomethyl-tolutriazole (TTAA),                        (tetralin), mono or dibenzyl toluene and others have been
               benzotriazole (BTA) and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole                   proposed to reduce the gassing tendency of some oils, but are
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IS 335 : 2018
                  not described in IS 13631. Mono and dibenzyltoluene are         6.20 Particle Content
                  described in IEC 60867.
                                                                                  Particles in unused mineral insulating oil may result
               6.14 Electrostatic Charging Tendency (ECT)                         from manufacturing, storage or handling of oil, and may
                                                                                  affect its breakdown voltage (see 6.4). Measurement
               Electrostatic Charging tendency of oil is an important
                                                                                  shall be carried out according to IS 13236.
               property for certain designs of HV and EHV
               transformers which have oil pumping rates that can give            6.21 DBDS Content
               rise to the build-up of electrostatic charge. This can
                                                                                  This compound is corrosive at normal transformer
               result in energy discharge causing transformer failure.
                                                                                  operating temperatures and can produce copper
               ECT testing is a specific requirement of 7.2.                      sulphide. It therefore shall not be present in unused oil
                                                                                  (see 6.10). For the test method for measuring DBDS,
                  NOTE — A method to measure ECT is proposed by CIGRE
                  Technical Brochure 170. ECT can be reduced by using metal       see IS 16497 (Part 1).
                  passivator additives such as BTA and TTA.
                                                                                  6.22 Stray Gassing of Oil
               6.15 Flash Point                                                   Some oils can produce gases such as hydrogen,
               The safe operation of electrical equipment requires an             hydrocarbons and carbon oxides at low temperatures
               adequately high flash point that is measured in                    (< 120 °C) without thermal or electrical faults in a
               accordance with IS 1448 (Part 21) (Pensky-Martens                  transformer, sometimes even without operational stress.
               closed cup procedure).                                             This phenomenon could result in a high production of
                                                                                  gases and a misinterpretation of DGA results.
               6.16 Density                                                          NOTE — Methods to measure stray gassing are described in
                                                                                     CIGRE Brochure 296 and ASTM D7150. Inhibited grades
               In cold climates, density of oil shall be low enough to               typically produce less stray gassing than uninhibited ones.
               avoid the ice that results from the freezing of free water
               to float to the oil surface and possibly lead to fault             7 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL
               conditions developing such as flashover of conductors.             APPLICATIONS
               Density shall be measured in accordance with IS 1448
               (Part 16).                                                         7.1 Higher Oxidation Stability and Low Sulphur
                                                                                  Content
               6.17 Polycyclic Aromatics (PCA)
                                                                                  For transformers with higher operating temperatures or
               Some PCAs are classified to be carcinogens and                     designed for extended service life, there may exist
               therefore need to be controlled to an acceptable level             restricted limits after oxidation test [see IS 12422
               in mineral insulating oil. PCAs are defined so as to be            (Method C)]. Mostly, such oil is inhibited (I).
               detectable      by    extraction      with     DMSO
                                                                                      a)   Total acidity             0.3 mg KOH/g, Max
               (Dimethylsulfoxide) under the conditions of IP 346.
                                                                                      b)   Sludge                    0.05 percent, Max
                  NOTE — Acceptable limits of total or individual PCAs are
                  specified in national and local regulations.
                                                                                      c)   DDF at 90°C               0.050, Max
                                                                                      d)   Total sulphur content     0.05 percent, Max
               6.18 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)                                                                  (before oxidation test)
               Unused mineral insulating oil shall be free from PCB.              7.2 Electrostatic Charging Tendency (ECT)
               The reference test method is IS 16082.
                                                                                  For equipment with high oil circulation speed (OF -or
               6.19 2-Furfural (2-FAL) and Related Compounds                      OD-cooled power transformers [IS 2026 (Part 2)]), as
               Content                                                            for example HV/DC transformers, a limit may be agreed
               2-FAL and related compounds in unused mineral                      between purchaser and manufacturer.
               insulating oils can result either from improper re-
                                                                                  7.3 Gassing Tendency
               distillation after solvent extraction during refining or
               from contamination with used oil.                                  For equipment with high electrical field stress or special
               Unused insulating oils should have a low level of 2-               design, gases formed when subjected to corona partial
               FAL and related compounds; measurement shall be                    discharges (see 6.13) shall be absorbed by the oil.
               done according to IS 15668.                                        Therefore the gassing tendency according to IEC 60628
                                                                                  shall be agreed upon between the supplier and the
                  NOTE — “Related compounds” are: 5-hydroxy methyl-2-
                  furfural (5HMF) 2-furfuryl alcohol (2FOL), 2-acetyl furan
                                                                                  purchaser of the oil for such equipment.
                  (2ACF) and 5-methyl-2-furfural (5 MEF).                            NOTE — In Poland, a gassing tendency < 5 mm3/min is used
                                                                                     for equipment > 400 kV.
                                                                              7
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                   Table 3 List of International Standard and/or Indian Standard Numbers for the Specific Properties
                                                             (Informative)
                                                               (Clause 4)
                 Sl                   Characteristics          International Standard         Indian Standard     Identical
                 No.
                  (1)                       (2)                           (3)                           (4)          (5)
                    i)   Viscosity, @ 40°C, 0°C & @ –30°C,    ISO 3104                  IS 1448 (Part 25)            No
                   ii)   Viscosity, @ –40°C                   IEC 61868                 IS 16084                    Yes
                  iii)   Pour point                           ISO 3016                  IS 1448 (Part 10/Sec 2)     Yes
                   iv)   Water content                        IEC 60814                 Not available                No
                   v)    Breakdown voltage                    IEC 60156                 IS 6792                     Yes
                   vi)   Density @ 20°C                       ISO 3675                  IS 1448 (Part 16)           Yes
                  vii)   Dielectric dissipation factor        IEC 61620                 IS 16086                    Yes
                         @ 90°C
                 viii)   Particle content                     IEC 60970                 IS 13236                    Yes
                   ix)   Appearance                           —                         IS 335                       No
                   x)    Acidity                              IEC 62021-1               Not available                No
                   xi)   Interfacial tension                  ASTM D971                 Not available                No
                  xii)   Total sulphur content                ISO 14596 or ASTN D4294   Not available                No
                 xiii)   Corrosive sulphur                    DIN 51353                 Not available                No
                 xiv)    Potentially corrosive sulphur        IEC 62535                 IS 16310                    Yes
                  xv)    Oxidation inhibitor content          IEC 60666                 IS 13631                    Yes
                 xvi)    Metal passivator additives           IEC 60666                 IS 13631                    Yes
                 xvii)   2-Furfural content and related       IEC 61198                 IS 15668                    Yes
                xviii)   Oxidation stability                  IEC 61125 Method C        IS 12422                    Yes
                 xix)    Gassing tendency, mm3/min            IEC 60628 Method A        Not available                No
                  xx)    Flash point, °C                      ISO 2719                  IS 1448 (Part 21)           Yes
                 xxi)    PCA content, percent                 IP 346                    Not available                No
                 xxii)   PCB content, ppm                     IEC 61619                 IS 16082                    Yes
                xxiii)   Sampling of mineral insulating oil   IEC 60475                 IS 6855                     Yes
                xxiv)    DBDS                                 IEC 62697-1               IS 16497 (Part 1)           Yes
                 xxv)    Stray gassing                        CIGRE Brochure 296 or     Not available                No
                                                              ASTM D 7150
                                                                                8
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IS 335 : 2018
                                                                   ANNEX A
                                                                   (Clause 2)
                                                     LIST OF REFERRED STANDARDS
                                                                           9
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IS 335 : 2018
                                                                  ANNEX B
                                                                 (informative)
                                                                (Clause 6.10)
                                                  POTENTIALLY CORROSIVE SULPHUR
               B-1 MECHANISM OF COPPER SULPHIDE                                forming Cu2S contain this substance. However, refining
               DEPOSITION                                                      processes using severe hydrotreatment can easily
                                                                               remove this reactive compound from oil. Several other
               The mechanism of copper sulphide (Cu2S) deposition
                                                                               substances (including disulphides, thioethers, various
               is still not fully elucidated, but it may involve
                                                                               oxidized sulphur compounds and elemental sulphur)
               dissolution and transport of copper by sulphur
                                                                               have been shown to cause Cu2S formation in IS 16310
               containing species forming complexes with copper.
                                                                               test, when added to originally non-corrosive oils.
               These complexes can then be absorbed by cellulosic
               insulation where they decompose into Cu2S.                      B-3 DETECTION OF CORROSIVE SULPHUR
               The strong influence of temperature and oxygen on this          COMPOUNDS IN PASSIVATOR-CONTAINING
               process indicates that some oxidized sulphur species            OILS
               may be more active than those originally present in oil,        When oil in a transformer contains a metal passivator
               or that other oxidation products are important as co-           additive, a thin protective layer of passivator is formed
               complexing agents (see CIGRE Technical Brochure                 on copper surfaces, preventing copper from dissolving
               378). Cu 2 S deposition occurs preferentially in                in oil, reacting with corrosive sulphur compounds
               equipment where corrosive sulphur compounds are                 present in oil, and depositing in paper insulation as
               present in oil, unvarnished or unprotected copper is            harmful copper sulphide (Cu2S). The same occurs when
               used, operating temperatures are high and the amount            testing passivator-containing oils according to
               of oxygen in oil is limited. The optimal oxygen content         IS 16310. This test method therefore cannot detect
               for copper transport seems to be relatively low,                corrosive sulphur compounds present in passivating oils
               probably in the region of a few thousand µl/l, but              and may provide “false negative” results for such oils.
               deposition may occur over a wide range of oxygen                Passivator-containing oils testing negative as new oils
               contents.                                                       may then test positive and start depositing harmful Cu2S
                                                                               after the additive has been consumed by aging in
               B-2 CORROSIVE SULPHUR COMPOUNDS IN                              transformers service.
               OIL
                                                                               In order to detect corrosive sulphur compounds in oil
               Although many sulphur compounds are known to be                 containing a metal passivator additive (declared or
               corrosive for copper, few have been identified as               suspected), the passivator additive has to be removed
               components of insulating oil. The only compound                 first from the oil. The two following procedures can be
               shown so far to be a potent Cu2S forming agent and to           used for that purpose. Both are intended for newly
               be present in significant amounts in transformer oil is         available types of oils only, not for normal deliveries
               dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS). Most oils found to be                of oil.
                                                                          10
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                                                                         11
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               BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016 to promote
               harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
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This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: ETD 03 (6748).
TO
              (Page 4, Clause 6.5) — Substitute the last two sentences with the following:
          ‘DDF shall be measured in accordance with IS 16086 or IS 16840 at 90°C.
          In case of dispute, IS 16840 at 90°C should be used.’
              (Page 4, Table 2, Row (ix), Col (3)) — Substitute with the following:
          ‘IS 16086 or IS 16840’
              (Page 8, Table 3, Row (vii), Col (3)) — Substitute with the following:
          ‘IEC 61620 or IEC 60247’
              (Page 8, Table 3, Row (vii), Col (4)) — Substitute with the following:
          ‘IS 16086 or IS 16840’
          (ETD 03)
                                                             Publication Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India