EUKARYOTIC
CELL
STRUCTURES
Created
by:
Caitlin
King
Centrioles:
Works
on
the
organization
of
the
cell
by
spacing
where
the
nucleus
is
compared
to
the
other
organelles
Centrosome
Matrix:
Helps
to
form
the
microtubules
Chromatin:
Helps
to
package
DNA,
especially
during
mitosis,
and
helps
control
which
genes
are
expressed
Cytosol:
The
liquid
that
all
of
the
organelles
float
in
inside
of
the
cell
Cytoskeleton:
The
most
common
function
is
to
act,
as
the
name
suggests,
a
skeleton
for
the
cell
to
provide
support
and
shape.
• Intermediate
filaments:
Help
make
up
the
cytoskeleton,
usually
thicker
than
microfilaments
• Microtubules:
Helps
form
the
cytoskeleton
for
support
of
the
cell,
as
well
as
movement
of
the
cell
Golgi
apparatus:
The
Amazon
shipping
center
of
proteins,
this
acts
to
package
proteins
from
the
ER
into
transport
vesicles
to
be
carried
to
other
parts
of
the
cell.
Lysosomes:
The
Rumba
of
the
cell,
it
acts
to
engulf
any
toxic
or
unwanted
molecules
so
that
the
cell
is
not
harmed.
Can
also
work
in
groups
to
take
down
bigger
molecules
that
it
alone
cannot.
Mitochondrion:
The
power
house,
creates
all
of
the
energy
needed
for
the
cell
by
breaking
down
glucose
into
water,
oxygen,
and
ATP
(the
unit
that
represents
energy)
EUKARYOTIC
CELL
STRUCTURES
Created
by:
Caitlin
King
Nucleus:
Where
all
of
the
DNA
is
housed
to
give
out
instructions.
Nucleolus:
Between
the
nucleus
and
the
nuclear
envelope,
it
acts
as
the
factory
for
creating
ribosomes
that
the
rest
of
the
cell
can
use.
Nuclear
Envelope:
a
double
layered
membrane
that
protects
the
nucleolus
and
the
nucleus.
Peroxisomes:
Breaks
down
fatty
acids
into
hydrogen
peroxide,
but
don’t
worry,
that
breaks
down
into
water
and
oxygen.
Plasma
membrane:
The
shell
of
the
cell,
protects
all
of
the
organelles
and
controls
what
molecules
enter
and
exit
Ribosomes:
Where
proteins
are
synthesized
in
the
cell,
creating
different
forms
of
amino
acids
together
to
create
the
proteins
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum:
Helps
ribosomes
bind
so
proteins
can
be
made
and
folded
properly
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum:
Breaks
down
carbohydrates,
creates
lipids
that
are
needed
for
the
cell,
and
regulates
calcium
in
the
muscles
*Secretion
of
Exocytosis:
toxins
and
other
degraded
products
of
the
cell
and
released
along
the
cell
membrane
outside
of
the
cell
to
be
disposed
of.
Note
that
this
is
a
function
of
the
cell
and
not
an
actual
structure.
Review
Time!
Match
the
names
to
the
function
descriptions
1. Mitochondria
A.
Breaks
down
Carbohydrates
2. Nucleus
B.
Creates
energy
for
the
cell
3. Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
C.
Protects
all
other
organelles
4. Ribosomes
D.
Helps
bind
ribosomes
5. Plasma
Membrane
E.
Provides
support
6. Cytoskeleton
F.
Holds
all
DNA
7. Lysosomes
G.
Engulfs
toxic
waste
8. Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
H.
Transports
proteins
9. Golgi
Apparatus
I.
Synthesizes
proteins
Answers:
1B,
2F,
3D,
4I,
5C,
6E,
7G,
8A,
9H
Reference:
The
following
resources
were
referenced
during
the
creation
of
this
handout:
TES
Syllabus
and
Revision
Notes
and
Molecular
Biology
of
the
Cell,
4th
Edition.
