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Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS
Intramuros, Manila

CREATION OF THE GARCIA, George Erwin M. Chairman

COMMITTEE ON KONTRA INTING, Socorro B. Commissioner
BIGAY, ESTABLISHMENT CASQUEJO, Marlon S. Commissioner
OF KONTRA BIGAY FEROLINO, Aimee P. Commissioner
COMPLAINT CENTER BULAY, Rey E. Commissioner
MACEDA, Ernesto Ferdinand P., Jr. Commissioner
AND RULES AND
CELIS, Nelson J. Commissioner
REGULATIONS IN
CONNECTION WITH THE
DISQUALIFICATION OF
CANDIDATES FOR VOTE- Promulgated: August 30, 2023
BUYING UNDER SECTION
68 OF THE OMNIBUS
ELECTION CODE AND
PROSECUTION OF VOTE-
BUYING AND VOTE-
SELLING AS AN ELECTION
OFFENSE UNDER
SECTION 261 (A) OF THE
SAME CODE
x---------------------------------x

RESOLUTION NO. 10946

WHEREAS, Section 2 of Article IX-C of the 1987 Constitution empowers

the Commission on Elections (Commission) to: (1) enforce and administer all
laws and regulations relative to the conduct of an election, plebiscite, initiative,
referendum and recall; (2) deputize, with the concurrence of the President, law
enforcement agencies and instrumentalities of the Government, for the
exclusive purpose of ensuring free, orderly, honest, peaceful and credible
elections; (3) investigate and prosecute cases of violations of elections laws,
including acts or omissions constituting election frauds, offenses and
malpractice; and (4) recommend to Congress effective measures to prevent and
penalize all forms of election frauds and offenses;

WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 4 of the same Article of the 1987

Constitution, the Commission may, during the election period, supervise or
regulate the enjoyment or utilization of all franchises or permits for the
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operation of transportation and other public utilities, media of communication

or information, all grants, special privileges, or concessions granted by the
Government or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including
any government-owned or controlled corporation or its subsidiary. Such
supervision or regulation shall aim to ensure equal opportunity, time, and
space, and the right to reply, including reasonable, equal rates therefor, for
public information campaigns and forums among candidates in connection
with the objective of holding free, orderly, honest, peaceful, and credible
elections;

WHEREAS, Section 57 of the Omnibus Election Code gives the

Commission the authority to inquire into the financial records of candidates
and any organization or group of persons, motu proprio or upon written
representation for probable cause by any candidate or group of persons or
qualified voter, after due notice and hearing, and for this purpose, the
Commission may avail itself of the assistance of the Commission on Audit,
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, National Bureau of Investigation, Bureau of
Internal Revenue, Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine National Police,
barangay officials, and other agencies of the government;

WHEREAS, Section 261 (a) of the Omnibus Election Code reads:

Sec. 261. Prohibited Acts. - The following shall be

guilty of an election offense:

(a) Vote-buying and vote-selling. -

(1) Any person who gives, offers or promises

money or anything of value, gives or promises any
office or employment, franchise or grant, public or
private, or makes or offers to make an expenditure,
directly or indirectly, or cause an expenditure to be
made to any person, association, corporation,
entity, or community in order to induce anyone or
the public in general to vote for or against any
candidate or withhold his vote in the election, or
to vote for or against any aspirant for the
nomination or choice of a candidate in a
convention or similar selection process of a
political party.

(2) Any person, association, corporation, group or

community who solicits or receives, directly or
indirectly, any expenditure or promise of any
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office or employment, public or private, for any of

the foregoing considerations.

WHEREAS, Section 28 of Republic Act No. 6646 also reads:

Section 28. Prosecution of Vote-buying and Vote-

selling. - The presentation of a complaint for
violations of paragraph (a) or (b) of Section 261 of
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 supported by affidavits
of complaining witnesses attesting to the offer or
promise by or of the voter's acceptance of money
or other consideration from the relatives, leaders
or sympathizers of a candidate, shall be sufficient
basis for an investigation to be immediately
conducted by the Commission, directly or through
its duly authorized legal officers, under Section 68
or Section 265 of said Batas Pambansa Blg. 881.

Proof that at least one voter in different precincts

representing at least twenty percent (20%) of the
total precincts in any municipality, city or
province has been offered, promised or given
money, valuable consideration or other
expenditure by a candidate's relatives, leaders
and/or sympathizers for the purpose of
promoting the election of such candidate, shall
constitute a disputable presumption of a
conspiracy under paragraph (b) of Section 261 of
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881.

Where such proof affect at least twenty percent

(20%) of the precincts of the municipality, city or
province to which the public office aspired by the
favored candidate relates, the same shall constitute
a disputable presumption of the involvement of
such candidate and of his principal campaign
managers in each of the municipalities concerned,
in the conspiracy.

The giver, offerer, and promisor as well as the

solicitor, acceptor, recipient and conspirator
referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of Section 261
of Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 shall be liable as
principals: Provided, That any persons, otherwise
guilty under said paragraphs who voluntarily
gives information and willingly testifies on any
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violation thereof in any official investigation or

proceeding shall be exempt from prosecution and
punishment for the offenses with reference to
which his information and testimony were given:
Provided, further, That nothing herein shall
exempt such person from criminal prosecution for
perjury or false testimony.

WHEREAS, Section 68 of the OEC provides that a candidate who is found

by the Commission of having given money or other material consideration to
influence, induce or corrupt the voters or public officials performing electoral
functions shall be disqualified from continuing as a candidate, or if he has been
elected, from holding the office;

WHEREAS, the holding of free genuine elections is the basis of

democracy, and vote-buying and vote-selling obstruct the democratic and
electoral process and interfere with the citizens’ fundamental right to suffrage;

WHEREAS, there is need to combat vote-buying and vote-selling, which

has been dubbed as the modern cancer of democracy, through the concerted
efforts of the Commission and other government agencies, citizens’ arms and
other stakeholders, instituting the Whole-of-Nation approach;

WHEREAS, there is a need to create a committee to be known as the

Committee on KontraBigay that will provide an efficient mechanism and
structure for the implementation of the policies and guidelines of the
Commission against vote-buying and vote-selling, and ensure the active
participation of all sectors of society in the pursuit of the Commission’s effort
to systematically stop the perpetration of vote-buying and vote-selling, thereby
protecting the sanctity of votes;

WHEREAS, it is the policy of the Commission to provide a procedural

tool to aid the Commission in the prosecution of vote-buying and vote-selling
as election offense through the establishment of a reliable and effective
platform or facility to receive reports of vote-buying and vote-selling;

NOW THEREFORE, the Commission on Elections, by virtue of the

powers vested in it by the Constitution, the Omnibus Election Code, Republic
Act No. 6646 and other election-related laws, has RESOLVED, as it hereby
RESOLVES, to promulgate the instant guidelines on the creation of the
Committee on KontraBigay, establishment of KontraBigay Complaint Center,
disqualification of candidates for vote-buying under Section 68 of the Omnibus
Election Code, and prosecution of vote-buying and vote-selling as election
offense under Section 261 (a) of the same Code.
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ARTICLE I
THE COMMITTEE ON KONTRABIGAY

SECTION 1. Creation of the Committee on KontraBigay. – The

Commission hereby creates the Committee on KontraBigay (CKB) to ensure the
efficient implementation and enforcement, through the Whole-of-Nation
approach of all policies and guidelines of the Commission to curb vote-buying
and vote-selling.

The Committee shall be assisted by the local committee in every region,

province, city/municipal, to be known as the Regional Committee on
KontraBigay (RCKB), Provincial Committee on KontraBigay (PCKB) and
City/Municipal Committee on KontraBigay (C/MCKB), respectively.

SECTION 2. Composition and Organizational Structure of the

Committee on Kontra Bigay. – The CKB shall be composed of the following:

a. Commissioner-in-Charge, as Chairperson;
b. Executive Director as Vice-Chairperson;
c. Deputy Executive Director for Operations (DEDO), Law
Department, Education and Information Department (EID), Finance
Services Department (FSD), Election and Barangay Affairs
Department (EBAD) as Members; and
d. Other members composed of relevant national government
agencies, civic organizations and election stakeholders, consisting of
the following:

i. Department of Justice (DOJ);

ii. Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG);
iii. Department of Education (DepEd);
iv. Department of Information and Communications Technology
(DICT);
v. Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center (CICC);
vi. Philippine Information Agency (PIA);
vii. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP);
viii. Philippine National Police (PNP);
ix. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI);
x. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP);
xi. Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC);
xii. Public Attorney’s Office (PAO);
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xiii. Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP);

xiv. Philippine Association of Law Schools (PALS);
xv. Accredited Citizens’ Arms of the Commission; and
xvi. Other government agencies and election stakeholders as may
be deputized by the Commission.

The members shall render the necessary support and assistance, pre-
election, election day and post-election, in accordance with their respective
mandates.

The Committee shall be assisted by a Secretariat composed of personnel

of the Commission as may be designated by the Vice-Chairperson.

SECTION 3. Composition of the Regional Committee on KontraBigay. -

The RCKB shall be composed of the following members:

a. Regional Election Director (RED);

b. Regional Official of the DepEd;
c. Regional Director of the PNP;
d. Division or Brigade Commander with the highest rank designated
by the AFP;
e. Regional Director of the NBI;
f. Regional Prosecutor; and
g. Representative, Regional Chapter of Citizens’ Arms of the
Commission.

SECTION 4. Composition of the Provincial Committee on KontraBigay.

- The PCKB shall be composed of the following members:

a. Provincial Election Supervisor (PES);

b. The highest-ranking provincial official of the DepEd;
c. Provincial Director of the PNP;
d. Battalion Commander of the highest-ranking officer in the area as
may designated by the AFP;
e. Provincial Head of the NBI;
f. Provincial Prosecutor; and
g. Representative, Provincial Chapter of Citizens’ Arms of the
Commission.

SECTION 5. Composition of the City/Municipal Committee on

KontraBigay. - The C/MCKB shall be composed of the following members:
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a. Election Officer (EO);

b. The highest-ranking city/municipal official of the DepEd;
c. PNP Chief of Police;
d. Highest-ranking officer in the area as may designated by the AFP;
e. City Prosecutor and Provincial Prosecutor for MCKB; and
f. Representative, Regional or Local Chapter of Citizens’ Arms of the
Commission.

ARTICLE II
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

SECTION 6. Powers and Functions of the Committee on KontraBigay. –

The CKB shall have the following powers and functions: To -

a. Formulate, in coordination with the government agency members,

civil society organizations, accredited citizens’ arms and other
stakeholders, a framework to deter the commission of vote-buying
and vote-selling, and procedural tool to aid the Commission in the
prosecution of vote-buying and vote-selling as an election offense;

b. Recommend to the Commission En Banc the deputation of

government agencies, instrumentalities and partnership with other
civic society stakeholders for the purpose of adopting a
comprehensive approach of preventing vote-buying and vote-
selling;

c. Ensure inter-agency convergence in the implementation of this

Resolution, including in the regional, provincial, city and municipal
levels;

d. Encourage private sectors, civic society organizations and other

stakeholders to participate in the implementation of this Resolution,
and in the programs and activities of the CKB to curb vote-buying
and vote-selling;

e. Whenever necessary, issue supplemental guidelines, protocols or

policies in furtherance of this Resolution;

f. Evaluate and modify existing policies, or define and recommend to

the Commission En Banc, the enhancement of policies against vote-
buying and vote-selling;
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g. Develop strategic communication, advocacy and collaborative plans

as well as capacity-building measures to engage the public in
information gathering and dissemination against vote-buying and
vote-selling;

h. Modify, recommend, educate and assist law enforcement elements

in the identification of vote-buying and vote-selling schemes, modus
operandi, including the gathering of evidence that may aid in the
arrest of suspected individuals who would commit the election
offense of vote-buying and vote-selling;

i. Monitor and evaluate incidents of vote-buying and vote-selling

cases lodged through the KontraBigay Complaint Center (KBCC);

j. Perform such other powers and duties as may be directed to it by

the Commission En Banc.

SECTION 7. Powers and Functions of the Local Committee on

KontraBigay. – The RCKB, PCKB and the C/MCKB shall have the following
functions:

a. Implement all policies of the Commission against vote-buying and

vote-selling in their respective jurisdictions;

b. Encourage private sectors, civic society organizations and other

stakeholders in their respective jurisdiction to participate in the
implementation of this Resolution, as well as programs and
activities of the Committee to curb vote-buying and vote-selling;

c. Assist law enforcement elements in their respective jurisdiction in

the identification of vote-buying and vote-selling schemes, modus
operandi, including the gathering of evidence that may aid in the
arrest of suspected individuals who would commit the election
offense of vote-buying and vote-selling;

d. The RED or PES, or through their authorized representatives, shall

establish a local KBCC to receive incidents and reports of vote-
buying vote-selling in their area of jurisdiction;

e. Report incidents of vote-buying and vote-selling committed in

flagrante to the PNP/AFP having jurisdiction over the place where
the alleged offense took place;
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f. Monitor and evaluate incidents of vote-buying and vote-selling

cases lodged in their respective jurisdiction;

g. Submit a monthly report to the CKB on the status of cases filed with
and/or prosecuted by them pursuant to the authority as herein
granted to EOs, PES and REDs;

h. Conduct extensive social and political education on anti-vote

buying/vote-selling or information campaign in all forms of media
communication through seminars and other relevant program, in
their areas of jurisdiction.

i. Perform such other powers and duties as may be directed to it by

the CKB and the Commission En Banc.

SECTION 8. The Department of Justice, Duties and Functions. – The DOJ

is hereby deputized to perform the following duties and functions:

a. Assist the Commission in its information campaign against vote-

buying and vote-selling;

b. Conduct preliminary investigation of vote-buying and vote-selling

and to prosecute the same in accordance with its concurrent
jurisdiction;

c. Identify and report unusual or suspicious transactions or modus

operandi schemes;

d. Assist in the monitoring of all vote-buying and vote-selling cases

filed before its Regional, Provincial and other field/local offices;

e. Submit a comprehensive report and data on the complaints of vote-

buying and vote-selling filed before its Regional, Provincial and
other field/local offices, upon request of the CKB;

f. Provide and recommend effective measures to better improve the

enforcement of Section 261 (a) of the OEC;

g. Render any other assistance that may be necessary for the

enforcement of Section 261 (a) of the OEC.
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SECTION 9. The Department of the Interior and Local Government,

Duties and Functions. – The DILG is hereby deputized to perform the
following duties and functions:

a. Assist the Commission in its information campaign against vote-

buying and vote-selling in all local government units (LGUs);

b. Conduct training to educate its personnel and LGUs on the

identification of vote-buying and vote-selling schemes and the
gathering evidence for the election offense; and

c. Render any other assistance that it may deem necessary for the
enforcement of Section 261(a) of the OEC.

SECTION 10. The Department of Education, Duties and Functions. – The

DepEd is hereby deputized to perform the following duties and functions:

a. Assist the Commission in its information campaign against vote-

buying and vote-selling in all local government units (LGUs);

b. Integrate relevant education against vote-buying and vote-selling

on the modules and curricula of all public and private elementary
and high school students;

c. Initiate the conduct of symposium, debates and other relevant

school activities to promote voters education against vote-buying
and vote-selling;

d. Encourage school organizations to initiate programs and projects

against vote-buying and vote-selling activities;

e. Render any other assistance that it may deem necessary for the
enforcement of Section 261 (a) of the OEC.

SECTION 11. Department of Information and Communications

Technology and Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center, Duties
and Functions. – The DICT and CICC are hereby deputized to perform the
following duties and functions:

a. Assist the Commission in its information campaign against digital

or online vote-buying and vote-selling;
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b. Assist the Commission in its investigation of acts of digital or online

vote-buying and vote-selling by giving access to relevant data such
as but not limited to the names of the giver and receiver; transaction
dates, amount transacted and area of transaction;

c. Identify and report unusual or suspicious transactions or modus

operandi schemes in the commission of the election offense of digital
or online vote-buying and vote-selling;

d. Assist in the gathering of evidence that may aid in the prosecution

or arrest of suspected individuals who commit the election offense
of digital or online vote-buying and vote- selling;

h. Provide and recommend effective measures to better improve the

enforcement of Section 261 (a) of the OEC and share strategies to
ensure the safety and security of digital platforms and prevent
fraudulent online transactions; and

i. Render any other assistance that may be necessary for the

enforcement of Section 261 (a) of the OEC.

SECTION 12. The Philippine Information Agency, Duties and Functions.

– The PIA is hereby deputized to perform the following duties and functions:

a. Assist the Commission in its information campaign against vote-

buying and vote-selling;

b. As the official public information arm of the Government, it shall

integrate in its projects and programs education against vote-buying
and vote-selling;

c. Render any other assistance that it may deem necessary for the
enforcement of Section 261 (a) of the OEC.

SECTION 13. The Armed Forces of the Philippines, Duties and Functions.
– The AFP is hereby deputized to perform the following duties and functions:

a. Assist the Commission in its information campaign against vote-

buying and vote-selling;

b. Assist the Commission in securing COMELEC personnel, as well as

its stakeholders in the implementation of this Resolution; and
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c. Render any other assistance that it may deem necessary for the
enforcement of Section 261 (a) of the OEC.

SECTION 14. The Philippine National Police, Duties and Functions. –

The PNP is hereby deputized to perform the following duties and functions:

a. Assist the Commission in its information campaign against vote-

buying and vote-selling;

b. Gather evidence that may aid in the prosecution or arrest of

suspected individuals who commit the election offense of vote-
buying and vote- selling;

c. Identify and report unusual or suspicious transactions or modus

operandi schemes in the commission of the election offense of vote-
buying and vote- selling;

d. Assist the Commission in its investigation of acts of vote-buying and

vote-selling by preserving evidence related to reported incidents of
the election offense;

e. Conduct training to educate its personnel on the identification of

vote-buying and vote-selling schemes, and the gathering of
evidence for the election offense;

f. Deploy its personnel to monitor and investigate vote-buying and

vote-selling incidents;

g. Secure the safety of complainants and witnesses reporting on the

election offense of vote-buying and vote-selling;

h. Arrest a person when, in his or her presence, the person to be

arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to
commit the election offense of vote-buying and vote-selling; and

i. Render any other assistance that it may deem necessary for the
enforcement of Section 261(a) of the OEC.

SECTION 15. The National Bureau of Investigation, Duties and

Functions. – The NBI is hereby deputized to perform the following duties and
functions:
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a. Assist the Commission in its information campaign against vote-

buying and vote-selling;

b. Undertake the investigation and case build-up of the possible acts of

vote-buying or vote-selling and file appropriate cases based on the
available pieces of evidence;

c. Effect the arrest of a person, when, in the presence of the deputized

NBI Agent, such person has committed, is actually committing, or is
attempting to commit vote-buying or vote-selling;

d. Identify and report to the Commission unusual or suspicious

transactions or patterns that may constitute vote-buying or vote-
selling or other related offenses;

e. Coordinate with the Commission for the conduct of training

necessary for the effective implementation of the Resolution; and

f. Render any other assistance that it may deem necessary for the
enforcement of Section 261(a) of the OEC.

SECTION 16. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and Anti-Money

Laundering Council, Duties and Functions. – The BSP and AMLC are hereby
deputized to perform the following duties and functions:

a. Assist in the information campaign of the Commission against vote-

buying and vote-selling;

b. Initiate the investigation of suspicious transactions or pattern of

transactions indicative of vote-buying and vote-selling, money
laundering and/or terrorism financing;

c. Assist the Commission in its investigation of acts of vote-buying and

vote-selling by giving access to relevant data such as but not limited
to the names of the giver and receiver, transaction dates, amount
transacted, and area of transaction;

d. Identify and report unusual or suspicious transactions or modus

operandi schemes in the commission of the election offense of vote-
buying and vote-selling;
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e. Assist in the gathering of evidence that may aid in the prosecution

or arrest of suspected individuals who commit the election offense
of vote-buying and vote- selling;

f. Submit a weekly comprehensive report or data on cases of

transactions indicative of vote-buying and vote-selling to the CKB
through the Secretariat; and

g. Render any other assistance that it may deem necessary for the
enforcement of Section 261(a) of the OEC.

SECTION 17. The Public Attorney’s Office, Duties and Functions. – The
PAO is hereby deputized to perform the following duties and functions:

a. Assist in the information campaign of the Commission against vote-

buying and vote-selling;

b. Aid the Commission’s main and field offices in the handling of cases
based on reported incidents of vote-buying and vote-selling, such as
the drafting of complaints or affidavits, and other relevant
documents;

c. Provide free notarial services and legal aid to citizen complainants

and/or witnesses of vote-buying and vote-selling;

d. Gather evidence that may aid in the prosecution or arrest of

suspected individuals who commit the election offense of vote-
buying and vote- selling;

e. File complaints for election offense of vote-buying and vote-selling,

together with the affidavits of the witnesses and other evidence;

f. Submit a weekly comprehensive report on the cases of vote-buying

and vote-selling they have filed, to the CKB through the Secretariat;

g. Provide legal assistance to AFP, PNP, NBI and other law

enforcement agencies in connection with any action, suit or
administrative proceeding filed against them in connection with the
discharge of their functions and implementation of the provision of
this Resolution;
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h. Provide and recommend effective measures to better improve the

enforcement of Section 261 (a) of the OEC; and

i. Render any other assistance they may deem necessary for the
enforcement of Section 261 (a) of the OEC.

SECTION 18. Integrated Bar of the Philippines and Philippines

Association of Law Schools, Duties and Functions. – The IBP and PALS are
hereby deputized to perform the following duties and functions:

a. Assist in the information campaign of the Commission against vote-

buying and vote-selling;

b. Subject to availability of lawyers, they shall assign volunteer

lawyers to render legal assistance, including but not limited to: (i)
answering legal queries on vote-buying and vote-selling; (ii)
providing pro-forma complaints affidavits and affidavit of
witnesses;

c. Provide legal assistance to the AFP, PNP, NBI and other law
enforcement agencies, in connection with any action, suit or
administrative proceeding filed against them in the discharge of
their functions and implementation of this Resolution, subject to the
merit test;

d. Render any other assistance for the enforcement of Section 261 (a) of
the OEC as may be agreed upon by the Commission, IBP and PALS
through a Memorandum of Agreement.

SECTION 19. Legal Network for Truthful Elections (LENTE), National

Citizens’ Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL), Parish Pastoral Council
for Responsible Voting (PPCRV), and other Accredited Citizens’ Arms of the
Commission, Duties and Functions. – The LENTE, NAMFREL, PPCRV, and
other Accredited Citizens’ Arms of the Commission shall perform the
following duties and functions:

a. Assist the Commission in its information campaign against vote-

buying and vote-selling;

b. Identify schemes that may aid in the prosecution of suspected

individuals who commit the election offense of vote-buying and
vote-selling;
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c. Provide legal aid including the assistance of witnesses in executing

complaints and supporting affidavits, attesting to the offer or
promise by or of voter’s acceptance of money or other consideration
from the relatives, leaders or symphatizers of a candidate;

d. Assist in the management and administration of the KBCC as

established by the CKB by acting on and monitoring all reports and
complaints filed through the said platform;

e. Turn over complaints for election offense of vote-buying and vote-

selling, together with the affidavits of witnesses and other relevant
evidence, to the Commission; and

f. Render any other assistance they may deem necessary for the
enforcement of Section 261 (a) of the OEC.

SECTION 20. Committee Secretariat, Duties and Functions. – The CKB

shall be assisted by the Secretariat, to perform the following duties and
functions:

a. Provide technical, administrative and operational support to the

CKB in the implementation of the policies of the Commission
against vote-buying and vote-selling, and other programs and
activities thereof;

b. Ensure that all policies, directives, plans and programs formulated

by the CKB are faithfully carried out;

c. Serve as the repository of all reports and records pertaining to

information and evidence gathering against vote-buying and vote-
selling, and copies of complaints coursed through the CKB;

d. Receive all complaints, affidavit of witnesses and other corroborated

evidence referred to it by the KBCC;

e. File with the Law Department a complaint for election offense of

vote-buying and vote-selling, if upon its evaluation, the complaints
referred by the KBCC have sufficient basis for the conduct of
preliminary investigation;

f. Monitor case status of complaints coursed through the CKB for the
conduct of preliminary investigation; and
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g. Perform such other tasks and functions as may be directed by the

CKB.

ARTICLE III
PROHIBITION AGAINST VOTE-BUYING AND VOTE-SELLING

SECTION 21. Prohibited Acts. – The following shall be guilty of the

election offense of vote-buying and vote-selling:

a. Any person who gives, offers or promises money or anything of

value, gives or promises any office or employment, franchise or
grant, public or private, or makes or offers to make an expenditure,
directly or indirectly, or cause an expenditure to be made to any
person, association, corporation, entity, or community in order to
induce anyone or the public in general to vote for or against any
candidate or withhold his vote in the election, or to vote for or
against any aspirant for the nomination or choice of a candidate in a
convention or similar selection process of a political party.

b. Any person, association, corporation, group or community who

solicits or receives, directly or indirectly, any expenditure or
promise of any office or employment, public or private, for any of
the foregoing considerations.

SECTION 22. Other Forms/Acts of Vote-Buying and Vote-Selling. – The

act of vote-buying and vote-selling includes the giving of money through
digital or online banking transactions or any other mobile wallet applications.

ARTICLE IV
DETERRENCE AND ENFORCEMENT
PRE-ELECTION, ELECTION DAY, POST-ELECTION

SECTION 23. Information Campaign Against Vote-Buying and Vote-

Selling. – The EID, in coordination with all member-agencies, shall formulate
comprehensive policies and programs of information campaign to promote
voter’s awareness and vigilance against vote-buying and vote-selling, to
promote and provide information about the program of CKB, and to inform
the public about the instances of vote-buying and vote-selling, including the
use of digital wallets and online banking in the commission thereof.
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For this purpose, the EID shall ensure that materials for publication in all
forms of media platforms, including social media, illustrate a cohesive
campaign against vote-buying and vote-selling.

SECTION 24. KontraBigay Complaint Center, Functions - The CKB,

through the assistance of the EID, shall establish a KBCC to receive incidents
and reports of vote-buying and vote-selling.

For this purpose, the KBCC shall operate through the CKB Office and
through its exclusive communication channels, including but not limited to
electronic mail (e-mail) and social media account such as facebook page. The
KBCC shall operate on August 28, 2023 to October 28, 2023, from 8:00 AM to
5:00 PM and on October 29, 2023 to October 31, 2023, twenty-four (24) hours a
day.

The KBCC shall be manned, managed and administered by the regular

members of the CKB from the Commission, and accredited citizens’ arms of
the Commission such as LENTE, NAMFREL, PPCRV, including its local
offices.

The KBCC shall:

a. Receive complaints and reports of vote-buying and vote-selling

from any citizen who has personally witnessed the act of offering or
promising by or of voter’s acceptance of money or other
consideration from the relatives, leaders or symphatizers of a
candidate;

b. Assist in the preparation of the complaint, the affidavit of witnesses

attesting to the offer or promise by or of voter’s acceptance of money
or other consideration from the relatives, leaders or symphatizers of
a candidate.

Sample form of the complaint is attached as Annex “A” and shall be

made available at the KBCC;

c. Gather relevant evidence for vote-buying and vote-selling such as

corroborated video clips, photographs and other audio and visual
recordings;
 Page 19 of 32

d. Reports received involving incidents of vote-buying and vote-

selling shall be referred to the Election Officer having jurisdiction
over the place where the alleged vote-buying and vote-selling took
place;

e. Refer to the CKB, through the Secretariat, complaints for vote-

buying and vote-selling, together with the affidavits of the witnesses
and other corroborated evidence, for the formal filing of a complaint
for the election offense of vote-buying and vote-selling with the Law
Department or field office of the Commission;

f. Submit a weekly report to the CKB of all reports and complaints of

vote-buying and vote-selling and the actions taken thereon;

g. Monitor all reported incidents of vote-buying and vote-selling and

provide updates or follow-through actions thereon.

All information received by the KBCC will be kept confidential and will
only be used for the purpose of addressing the complaint and report for vote-
buying and vote-selling.

Anonymous reports and complaints for vote-buying and vote-selling shall

be evaluated by the KBCC and shall determine whether there is sufficient basis
for the conduct of preliminary investigation.

A standard form of report for the election offense of vote-buying and vote-
selling is attached as Annex “B”.

SECTION 25. Presumed Vote-Buying and Vote-Selling. - The commission

of the following acts, along with possession of campaign materials and other
corroborative evidence, shall be presumed to be vote-buying and vote-selling:

a. Possessing or delivery of any coins, notes, monies, cards, pay

envelopes, bags, groceries, tokens or anything of value, together
with sample ballots or other campaign materials in favor of or
against a candidate;

b. Offering or promising something of value in consideration for

someone’s vote;

c. Long lines or queues of registered voters / persons for the

distribution of money, discount, insurance or health cards, grocery
 Page 20 of 32

items and such other goods, intended to be used to induce the

persons to vote for or against any candidate or withhold their votes
in the election, or to vote for or against any aspirant for the
nomination or choice of a candidate in a convention or similar
selection process of a political party;

d. House to house election campaign which involves the giving of

money, discount cards, grocery items and such other goods, to
induce the household or the occupants to vote for or against any
candidate or withhold their votes in the election, or to vote for or
against any aspirant for the nomination or choice of a candidate in a
convention or similar selection process of a political party;

e. Holding of bingo games, talent shows or other similar activities that

involves the distribution of prizes by the candidates or their
supporters or by any person in which the names of the candidates
are mentioned, or those conducted in a place where the names or the
pictures of the candidates are displayed or visible;

f. Employing the “hakot” system or the gathering of two (2) or more

registered voters to a specific place before election day and on
election day, for the purpose of distributing money or anything of
value and/or sample filled-out ballots;

g. Possessing, transporting and/or carrying cash exceeding Five

Hundred Thousand Pesos (P500,000.00) or its equivalent in any
foreign currency, along with campaign paraphernalia and / or
corroborated evidence during the period of two (2) days before an
election and on election day, except those authorized persons as
stated in Section 28 of this Resolution;

h. Causing the splitting of the amount of at least P20,000.00 to smaller

denominations of P200.00, P100.00, P50.00 or P20.00, during the
period of five (5) days before election day and on election day,
except when necessary to or in connection with the occupation or
business of the possessor;

i. Conducting medical missions, legal aid services, feeding programs

or any caravan offering any or all of these services in a certain
barangay or locality, in which the names of the candidates are
mentioned, or those conducted in a place where the name or picture
of a candidate is visible or displayed;
 Page 21 of 32

j. Giving, distributing and receiving any assistance or “ayuda” except

those which are normally given to qualified individuals such as but
not limited to basic needs in the form of food, transportation,
medical, education, burial and such other similar assistance, during
the campaign period, day before election day and election day;

k. Hiring or appointing more than two (2) watchers per precinct per
candidate, who shall serve alternately;

l. Possessing on election day, indelible ink or any chemical that may

remove indelible ink such as but not limited to acetone, nail polish
remover or paint thinner, except when necessary to the occupation
of the possessor and those authorized by the Commission;

m. Possessing of blank original ballots during election day, except those

authorized by the Commission; and

n. Such other analogous circumstances.

SECTION 26. Surveillance and Validation by the Armed Forces of the

Philippines, Philippine National Police, National Bureau of Investigation
and other Law Enforcement Agencies. – The AFP, PNP, NBI and other law
enforcement agencies shall conduct surveillance of a person or a place and
validation of any information, report or complaints received involving acts
enumerated in Section 25 of this Resolution.

If during the surveillance, there is a reasonable ground to believe that the

act of vote-buying and vote-selling has been committed, is actually being
committed or is attempted to be committed, the PNP may validly arrest the
persons involved and conduct a search incidental thereto, pursuant to Section
31 of this Resolution. Otherwise, after conducting the surveillance and
determining the existence of probable cause for an arrest, the PNP shall secure
a search warrant prior to effecting a valid arrest.

The conduct of surveillance, validation, arrest and search incidental

thereto, must be done in accordance with the Constitution which safeguards
the right of the arrested person, existing laws, rules and regulations, as well as
the policies and standard operating procedures of the PNP.

SECTION 27. Disputable Presumption of Conspiracy of Vote-Buying and

Vote-Selling. - Proof that at least one voter in different precincts representing
at least twenty percent (20%) of the total precincts in any municipality, city or
 Page 22 of 32

province has been offered, promised or given money, valuable consideration

or other expenditure by a candidate's relatives, leaders and/or sympathizers
for the purpose of promoting the election of such candidate, shall constitute a
disputable presumption of a conspiracy under Section 261 (b) of the OEC.

Where such proof affect at least twenty percent (20%) of the precincts of
the municipality, city or province to which the public office aspired by the
favored candidate relates, the same shall constitute a disputable presumption
of the involvement of such candidate and of his principal campaign managers
in each of the municipalities concerned, in the conspiracy.

SECTION 28. Money Ban. – During the period of two (2) days before an
election and on election day, it shall be prohibited to possess, transport and/or
carry cash exceeding Five Hundred Thousand Pesos (P500,000.00) or its
equivalent in any foreign currency, along with campaign paraphernalia and /
or corroborating evidence.

For this purpose, all COMELEC checkpoints all over the Philippines are
directed to conduct a 24-hour money ban checkpoint, in addition to the gun
ban checkpoint, for the duration of the period herein stated.

The provision on money ban shall not apply to persons, who by the nature
of their duty, profession, business or occupation as cashiers or disbursing
officers, transport or carry cash exceeding Five Hundred Thousand Pesos
(P500,000.00) or its equivalent in any foreign currency. Provided that, when
transporting or carrying such amount, they must be in the actual performance
of their duties involving the transport of money or disbursement of payrolls,
and in possession of the following:

a. Certificate of employment stating that he / she is currently

employed as cashier or disbursing officer; and

b. Company or office-issued identification card showing his / her

photograph, designation and signature.

SECTION 29. Total Ban on Distribution of “Ayuda” and Other

Assistance. – During the campaign period, on the day before the elections and
on election day, it shall be prohibited to give, distribute and receive any
assistance or “ayuda” except those which are normally given to qualified
individuals such as but not limited to basic needs in the form of food,
transportation, medical, education, burial and such other similar assistance.
 Page 23 of 32

All assistance or “ayuda” given, distributed and received in violation of

this Section shall be presumed to be vote-buying and vote-selling.

SECTION 30. Acts Constituting Suspicious Transactions of Vote-Buying

and Vote-Selling. – Any unusual transaction flow between accounts, digital
banking and digital wallets, including unusual large cash withdrawals
involving the amount exceeding Five Hundred Thousand Pesos (P500,000.00),
encashment of checks, during election period, which have no underlying
legal/trade obligation, purpose or economic justification, or the amount
involved is not commensurate with the business or financial profile of the
client, shall be considered suspicious transactions of vote-buying and vote-
selling.

For this purpose, the Commission shall have the authority to inquire into
the financial records of candidates and any organization or group of persons,
motu proprio, after due notice and hearing. The Commission may avail itself of
the assistance of the Commission on Audit, the BSP, NBI, the Bureau of Internal
Revenue, AFP and PNP, barangay officials, and other agencies of the
government.

In addition, all banking institutions and non-bank financial institutions

shall submit suspicious transaction reports to the BSP and AMLC.

SECTION 31. Warrantless Arrest for Vote-Buying and Vote-Selling. –

Any law enforcement officer may, without a warrant, arrest a person when, in
his or her presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually
committing, or is attempting to commit the election offense of vote-buying and
vote-selling.

All other arrests without warrant as provided in Rule 113 of the Revised
Rules of Criminal Procedure shall be applicable and valid in relation to this
Resolution.

The person arrested without a warrant shall be forthwith delivered to the

nearest police station or jail and shall be proceeded against in accordance with
Section 7, Rule 112 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure.

The money or any other goods of value, sample ballots and any other
campaign materials used for vote-buying and vote-selling shall be
immediately seized and taken into custody by the apprehending law
enforcement officer. The law enforcement officer who has the initial custody
of the seized items shall conduct the actual physical inventory, take
 Page 24 of 32

photograph and properly mark the items seized or confiscated in the place
where the arrest was conducted or in the nearest police station or jail, in the
presence of the arrested person and other witnesses within the vicinity if there
be any, who shall be required to sign on the inventory. The movement and
custody of the seized items, from the time of confiscation, to safekeeping and
to submission to the investigating officer and presentation in court as evidence,
shall be properly recorded, in accordance with existing laws, rules and
regulations, as well as the policies and standard operating procedures of the
PNP.

This must be done in accordance with the Constitution which safeguards

the right of the arrested person, existing laws, rules and regulations, as well as
the policies and standard operating procedures of the PNP.

SECTION 32. Liability in Case of Abuse. – Any arresting officer of the

AFP, PNP, NBI or other law enforcement agencies or personnel of the
Commission, who shall take advantage of the provisions of this Resolution or
gives unwarranted benefits to a certain candidate or political party, shall be
administratively and criminally liable in accordance with existing laws, rules
and regulations.

For this purpose, the Commission through the CKB shall initiate the
proceedings in accordance with existing laws, rules and regulations.

ARTICLE V
DISQUALIFICATION ON THE GROUND OF VOTE-BUYING

SECTION 33. Disqualification of Candidates for Vote-Buying. – A

candidate who is found by the Commission to have given, offered or promised
money or anything of value to influence, induce or corrupt anyone or the
public to vote for or against any candidate or withhold his or her vote in the
election shall be disqualified.

SECTION 34. Motu Proprio Petition for Disqualification. – The

Commission, may motu proprio through the CKB, file a Petition for
Disqualification of a candidate if there is substantial evidence that he or she is
engaged in vote-buying.

For this purpose, the DEDO is authorized to prepare, sign and file the
Petition, in accordance with existing rules of procedure of the Commission.
 Page 25 of 32

ARTICLE VI
PROSECUTION OF ELECTION OFFENSE
OF VOTE-BUYING AND VOTE-SELLING

SECTION 35. Prosecution of Election Offense of Vote-Buying and Vote-

Selling. – Complaints for vote-buying and vote-selling shall be sufficient basis
for the conduct of an investigation if supported by either of the following
evidence:

a. Affidavits of complaining witnesses attesting to the offer or promise

of any person who gives, offers or promises money or other
consideration; or

b. Affidavit of complaining witnesses of the voter's acceptance of

money or other consideration from the relatives, leaders or
sympathizers of a candidate.

Non-compliance with the requirements provided under this Section shall

be a ground for the dismissal of the complaint.

SECTION 36. Persons Liable for Election Offense of Vote-Buying and

Vote-Selling and Exemption from Prosecution. - The giver, offerer, and
promisor as well as the solicitor, acceptor, recipient and conspirator for acts of
vote-buying and vote-selling shall be liable as principals.

Any persons, otherwise guilty of vote-buying and vote-selling who

voluntarily gives information and willingly testifies on any violation thereof in
any official investigation or proceeding shall be exempt from prosecution and
punishment for the offenses with reference to which his or her information and
testimony were given: Provided, further, That nothing herein shall exempt such
person from criminal prosecution for perjury or false testimony.

SECTION 37. Witness Protection. – Any person who has personal

knowledge of the commission of vote-buying and vote-selling may be admitted
to the Witness Protection Program of the government, in accordance with
existing laws, rules and regulations on the matter.

SECTION 38. Initiation of Complaint. – Initiation of complaint for the

election offense of vote-buying and vote-selling may be done motu proprio by
the Commission, or upon written complaint by any citizen of the Philippines,
political party or any accredited citizens arms of the Commission.
 Page 26 of 32

SECTION 39. Form of Complaint and Where to File.

a. Motu proprio complaints for election offense of vote-buying and

vote-selling may be signed by the EO, PES or the RED concerned,
and need not be verified.

b. When not initiated motu proprio, the complaint must be subscribed

and shall be filed with the:

1. Law Department or with the offices of the EO, PES or RED,

where the alleged election offense of vote-buying and vote-
selling took place. For this purpose, the EO of the place where
the alleged vote-buying and vote-selling took place shall have
the authority to administer oath on all matters related to the
filing of complaints for the election offense of vote-buying and
vote-selling, free of charge; or

2. The State, Provincial or City Prosecutors, where the alleged

vote-buying and vote-selling took place, in the exercise of their
concurrent jurisdiction.

The body or agency that first takes cognizance of the complaint shall
exercise jurisdiction to the exclusion of the others.

SECTION 40. Procedure for Filing of the Complaint with the Law
Department, OEO, OPES or ORED. - Complaints for the election offense of
vote-buying and vote-selling, including all affidavits and evidence may be
filed through any of the following manner:

a. The complaint and all its supporting evidence may be filed before
the Law Department, OEO, OPES, or ORED where the alleged
election offense took place. The complaint may be personally filed
by the complainant, or through registered mail or any courier
service; or

b. The complaint and all its supporting evidence may be filed through
the e-mail addresses of the Law Department, concerned OEO, OPES
or ORED where the alleged election offense took place, as posted in
the website of the Commission at www.comelec.gov.ph.
 Page 27 of 32

The complaint shall be in PDF format reflecting the signatures of the

complainant/s and the person who administered the oath including
his or her personal or notarial details. It shall also indicate the active
e-mail addresses of the complainant and his or her counsel, if any.

Complaints which fail to indicate the required e-mail address/es

shall not be accepted and/or docketed. All other supporting
documents including Affidavits of Witnesses, if any, shall also be
scanned and e-mailed together with the complaint.

Immediately after filing of the complaint through e-mail, the

complainant shall send, through the fastest means available,
including registered mail or any courier service, the hard copy of the
complaint, including all affidavits and evidence to the Law
Department or concerned OEO, OPES, or ORED.

The date of receipt of the complaint via e-mail shall be considered

the date of filing.

All complaints for the election offense of vote-buying and vote-selling

shall be duly subscribed and sworn to before a public prosecutor or a notary
public. In localities where there are no public prosecutors or notaries public
available, the EO of the place where the alleged election offense of vote-buying
took place shall have the authority to administer oath for purposes of the filing
a complaint. Complaints which do not comply with this paragraph shall not
be accepted and/or docketed.

The complaints together with the affidavits of the witnesses filed before
the OEO, OPES or ORED shall be transmitted to the Law Department for
docketing. After the complaint has been docketed, the Law Department shall
refer the case to the concerned lawyer of the Commission for preliminary
investigation.

The manner of filing of a complaint for the election offense of vote-buying

and vote-selling before any other prosecuting arms of the government shall be
governed by existing laws and DOJ rules and regulations.

The process flow for the prosecution of vote-buying and vote-selling by

the Commission is attached as Annex “C”.

SECTION 41. Authority of COMELEC Lawyers to Investigate and

Prosecute Election Offense of Vote-Buying and Vote-Selling. – All lawyers in
 Page 28 of 32

the Commission who are EO, PES, Regional Election Attorneys (REA),
Assistant Regional Election Directors (ARED), RED and lawyers of the Law
Department are authorized to conduct preliminary investigation of complaint
for vote-buying and vote-selling, which may be filed directly with or endorsed
to them.

Provided that the Commission may authorize other lawyers of the

Commission to investigate and prosecute election offense of vote-buying and
vote-selling, if it may deem necessary.

Such authority may be revoked or withdrawn any time by the

Commission whenever in its sound judgment such revocation or withdrawal
is necessary to protect the integrity of the Commission, or when it believes that
successful prosecution of the case for vote-buying and vote-selling can be done
by other lawyers in the Commission.

SECTION 42. Conduct of Preliminary Investigation. –

a. If on the basis of the complaint, affidavits and the supporting

evidence, the investigating officer finds no ground to continue
with the inquiry, he or she shall recommend the dismissal of the
complaint and shall follow the procedure prescribed in Section
43 of this Resolution. Otherwise, the investigating officer shall
issue a subpoena to the respondent, attaching thereto a copy of
the complaint, affidavits and other supporting documents and
giving said respondent three (3) days from receipt within which
to submit counter-affidavits and other supporting documents.
The respondent shall have the right to examine all other evidence
submitted by the complainant.

The respondent shall not be allowed to file any other pleading or

motion in lieu of the counter-affidavit. For this purpose, no other
pleadings except the counter-affidavit, affidavit of witnesses and
other supporting documents shall be admitted by the
investigating officer.

b. Such counter-affidavits and other supporting evidence

submitted by the respondent shall be furnished by him or her to
the complainant.

c. If the respondent cannot be subpoenaed, or if subpoenaed, does

not submit counter-affidavits within three (3) days from receipt
 Page 29 of 32

of the complaint, the investigating officer shall base his or her

resolution on the evidence presented by the complainant.

d. If the investigating officer believes that there are matters to be

clarified, he may set a hearing to propound clarificatory
questions to the parties or their witnesses, during which the
parties shall be afforded an opportunity to be present but
without the right to examine or cross-examine. If the parties so
desire, they may submit questions to the investigating officer
which the latter may propound to the parties or witnesses
concerned.

e. Thereafter, the investigation shall be deemed concluded, and the

investigating officer shall resolve immediately the case for vote-
buying and vote-selling. Upon the evidence thus adduced, the
investigating officer shall determine whether or not there is
sufficient ground to hold the respondent for trial.

SECTION 43. Duty of Investigating Officer. – The preliminary

investigation must be terminated within twenty (20) days after receipt of the
counter-affidavits and other evidence of the respondents, and a
recommendation thereon shall be prioritized and immediately prepared by the
investigating officer.

a. If the investigating officer finds no cause to hold respondent for trial,

he or she shall recommend the dismissal of the complaint for vote-
buying and vote-selling;

b. If the investigating officer finds cause to hold respondent for trial,

he or she shall recommend the filing of information;

c. In either case, the investigating officer shall, within three (3) days
from rendition of the recommendation, forward the records of the
case to the Director of the Law Department of the Commission;

Cases investigated and prosecuted by the Prosecutor’s Office shall be

subject to DOJ Rules on preliminary investigation;

All recommendations shall be held in strict confidence and shall not be

known to the parties, their counsel and/or any unauthorized person, until the
same have been finally acted upon by the Commission En Banc, approved for
promulgation and release to the parties.
 Page 30 of 32

Any violation of the foregoing shall subject the arresting officer and/or
investigating officer to administrative and criminal liability in accordance with
existing laws, rules and regulations.

SECTION 44. Duty of the Law Department upon Receipt of Records. –

a. In cases investigated by the lawyers or the field personnel of the

Commission, the Director of the Law Department shall review
and evaluate the recommendation of said legal officer, prepare a
report and make a recommendation to the Commission
affirming, modifying or reversing the same.

All cases for vote-buying and vote-selling shall be prioritized by

the Law Department. The corresponding recommendation shall
be immediately submitted to the Commission En Banc and it
shall be included in the agenda of the succeeding en banc meeting
of the Commission.

If the Commission En Banc approves the filing of an information

in court against the respondent/s, the Director of the Law
Department shall prepare and sign the information for
immediate filing with the appropriate court.

If the Commission En Banc resolves to dismiss the case for lack

of probable cause, such resolution and the entire records of the
case shall be transmitted to the Law Department. The evidence
in the dismissed complaint for vote-buying and vote-selling such
as money or any other goods of value shall be released in
accordance with existing laws, rules and regulations.

The Law Department shall serve a copy of the resolution of the

Commission En Banc to the parties or their counsels, either by
personal service or registered mail.

SECTION 45. Custody of Evidence by the Investigating Officer. - The

Investigating Officer shall:

a. Conduct physical inventory of:

(1) the items seized by the law enforcement authorities in cases of

valid warrantless arrest as provided in this Resolution. The
investigating officer shall ensure that the chain of custody
 Page 31 of 32

undertaken by the arresting officer is properly attached to the

records of the case; or

(2) the object evidence attached to the complaint for vote-buying

and vote-selling. In case of money, the serial number should be
properly recorded.

b. Take photographs of the object evidence;

c. Keep a record of all object evidence received, duly signed by him or

her, with the date of receipt thereof;

d. The object evidence should be properly deposited with the

custodian designated by the Commission.

SECTION 46. Procedure for Handling of a Child in Conflict with the Law.
– A person under eighteen (18) years of age who is alleged as, accused of, or
adjudged as, having committed the election offense of vote-buying and vote-
selling shall be dealt with in accordance with Republic Act No. 9344, as
amended by Republic Act No. 10630, and other related rules and regulations.

SECTION 47. Suppletory Application of the Comelec Rules of Procedure,

As Amended. – In all matters not provided in this Resolution, the Comelec
Rules of Procedure, as amended shall apply suppletory insofar as it is not
inconsistent with this Resolution.

SECTION 48. Effectivity. - This Resolution shall take effect on the seventh
day after its publication in two daily newspapers of general circulation in the
Philippines.

SECTION 49. Publication and Dissemination. - The EID shall cause the
publication of this Resolution in two daily newspapers of general circulation
in the Philippines and furnish copies of this Resolution to all field officials of
the Commission.

SO ORDERED.

GEORGE ERWIN M. GARCIA

Chairman
 Page 32 of 32

SOCORRO B. INTING MARLON S. CASQUEJO

Commissioner Commissioner

AIMEE P. FEROLINO REY E. BULAY

Commissioner Commissioner

ERNESTO FERDINAND P. MACEDA, JR. NELSON J. CELIS

Commissioner Commissioner

CERTIFICATION

APPROVED for publication, 30 August 2023.

CONSUELO B. DIOLA
Director IV
Office of the Commission Secretary

This Resolution can be verified at this number (02) 85272987; email

address dcomsec@comelec.gov.ph