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Analysis of “In a Station of the Metro”
“The apparition of these faces in the crowd;/ Petals on a wet, black
bough.” The two-line poem “In a Station of the Metro”, which is only 14
words in all, is the most famous work by American writer Ezra Pound. In
the poem, Pound describes a moment in the underground metro station in
Paris in 1912. This imagery poem manages to vividly evoke both a
crowded subway station and petals on a tree branch without including a
single verb.
The theme of this poem is hazy, and the author may have simply
captured a lens in life here. The poem is essentially a set of images that
have unexpected likeness and convey the rare emotion that Pound was
experiencing at that time. Arguably the heart of the poem is not the first
line, nor the second, but the mental process that links the two together.
For example, the word “apparition” in the first line suggests the nature of
traveling in a crowd — it is a fleeting action, so much so that people seem
like ghosts to the observer. In one moment, there is a face, as clear as can
be, and in the next, it is gone, and likely will never be remembered by the
mind. They are apparitions, in one place for one moment, and then gone
forever in the next. And in the following image, the observer views
“petals on a wet, black bough.” In this image, the reader is presented with
the idea of small, fleeting, and weak elements of beauty within the natural
world. The overall tone of the subway station is black, the lighting is
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dark, and people's clothes are serious. But suddenly the “petals” occurred,
which may refer to the beautiful face of a child or woman whom he
happened to see in the station. And it is the appearance of the beautiful
faces that adds some bright color to the dull picture in the station. The
two juxtaposed images reflect into the brain of the readers, forming a
strong contrast between the vulgar and beautiful, damp and fresh
paintings. Ezra Pound once defined an image as “an intellectual and
emotional complex in an instant of time”, and this is exactly what this
poem offers. It is difficult to describe the feeling of appreciation of a
transient natural phenomenon, but by paring these images together,
readers can easily conjure up such pictures in our mind and feel the
author's state of mind, which is an unusual emotion, one that does not
have a correlating word in the English Dictionary.
This poem reminds me of an imagery Chinese ancient poem “Autumn
Thoughts” by Ma Zhiyuan. Nine images in this poem form a wonderful
picture of late autumn. In both “In a Station of the Metro” and “Autumn
Thoughts”, colors blend with words. Pound's work is like western oil
painting, with dim backgrounds and distinct objects. Words in the poem
act as pigments: the “petals” stands for the color itself; “wet” implies a
feeling of freshness and brightness; “apparition” gives the face and petals
a pale, feebly hazy hue; the juxtaposition of "petals" and "faces" gives the
face a soft, ruddy hue. The contrast of colors just highlights the surprise
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when those beautiful faces appear. On the other hand, “Autumn
Thoughts” is like a traditional Chinese ink painting. In Ma's sketches of
autumn, “rotten vines”, “old trees” and “evening crows” present a gray
picture, while “the sun” adds a beam of golden to the scene mentioned
above. When we read these two poems, what comes to mind is not words,
but a moving picture carefully drawn by the poets.