Pipe Fitting

Emergency Situations
 What to Do if the Alarm Rings?

• STOP Working
• FOLLOW the directions
• LEAVE everything behind (Phone, Bag ..)
• DO NOT go to any place other than the Assembly Point
• Walk DO NOT RUN
• Stay in the Assembly Point DO NOT LEAVE
• DO NOT back to the workplace till everything is clear
 IDENTIFIES
• Work to be Done
• Hazards involved
• Precautions to be taken

TYPES
• Hot
Safe Work • Cold
• Confined Spaces Entry
Permits • Special
General Procedure
• Duplicate System: 2 copies, one for the
issuer & one held by the
worker/department doing the work

• Triplicate System: 3 copies, one for the

issuer & one held by the
worker/department doing the work,
the third copy for the Safety
department
 Used when heat or Spark are generated
by work

Hot Work • Welding

Burning
Permit •
• Cutting
• Riveting
• Grinding
• Drilling
• Pneumatic hammers
• Chippers
Cold Work
Used when no source of heat is there
Permit
 Used when entering any confined space

Confined
• Tank
Space Entry • Vessel
Permit •
•
Pit
Sewer

If the oxygen level is below 19.5 can

prove fatal for an employee when
entering a confined spaces
 • Extremely hazardous conditions
Special Work • Radioactive materials
Permits • PCBs & Dangerous chemical
• Excavations and power supplies
 Is a device that isolate plant equipment, and to
prevent energizing of a machine

• Conduct an Energy Control Analysis

• Notify all the employees affected of the
Log and Tag equipment shutdown
out • Shut down the equipment to be serviced
• Isolate all the energy sources
• Verify that all energy sources have been isolated,
locked out & tagged out
• Attempt to start up the equipment
 Personal
Protective
Equipment
PPE
Types of Head Hats
• Class A: Protect from falling objects & electrical shock up to 2,200 Volts

• Class B: Protect from falling objects & electrical shock up to 20,000 Volts

• Class C: Protect from falling objects

• Bump Caps: Protect you from bumping your head on protruding objects
Employees Responsibilities
• You are responsible of wearing the required PPEs.

• Following all warnings & precautions.

• Read Any & All warnings and precautions that may appear on a tool,
equipment & chemicals.

• Listen and Follow the directions.

• Report Any & All unsafe conditions to your supervisor or manager.

 Piping
System

• Piping is a system of pipes

used to convey fluids from
one direction to another.
90 degree Elbow/Quarter Bent Change It’s reduced the pipe size from larger
the direction of the flow in 90 degree to smaller bore (inner diameter) - It’s used when four pipes meet
together.
Reducer - One Inlet – Three Outlet or opposite
- Both diameters can be same or
different

Similar to a coupling allow easy

connection and disconnection It used to connect two pipes with the Cross
multiple times if needed main pipe, all of them same diameter

Union Tee

Work as a protection devise to close

the end of the pipe
It used to connect two pipes with the
main pipe, when the branch diameter
To connect to pipes together
is smaller Cap

Nipple Reducing
Tee
 Is a disc, collar or ring that attached to the pipe to provide extra strength,
block pipes and implementing the attachments of more items

Weld neck Threaded Socket Weld

Flange
Slip-on Lap joint Blind

Long Weld Neck Tube Sheet

Installation of • First, we need to ask the supplier’s project manager
about:
Pipe Equipment
Hazards to
Pipefitters
Pipe System Components

Always open the plug at

the lowest (bottom)
part of the pipe to drain
Proper Uses of Galvanized Pipes
Galvanized pipes are steel pipes that have been coated with a layer of zinc
to protect them from corrosion

Used ONLY with the water lines, with the gas lines the zinc layer will comes
off and clogs the flow

If the water test shows that the pH level is below 6.5, it’s a good reason to
use this pipe type.

pH = power of hydrogen / potential of hydrogen

When measuring for replacement sections of pipe, allow for ½ Inch thread presentation into each
connection
Black Pipes
Black from the appearance, the color comes from the iron-oxide formed on the surface.

It’s made of low-grade “Mild Steel” compound, which give it much better corrosion resistance.

Usually joint by welding or mechanical couplings

The standards, black pipes must conform to guarantee a pressure rate of at least 150psi

Mainly used for:

- Gas lines (Natural & Propane) which usually stays below 60psi
- Fire sprinkler, because of its strong resistance of heat
- Water
- Steam
- Oil
- To connect appliances to their lines
Removal of Piping Steps:

1. Turn off the water then, lock and tag out.

2. Cut the pipe.
3. Unscrew pipe and clean.
4. Thread cleaning.
5. Measure the pipe and support.
6. Fit the union.
7. Fit the male union nut.
8. Test for leaks.
Steps of Using Threading Machine
1. Inspect the pipe threads:
- sings on wear.
- Worn or damage dies can result in poor thread quality.
2. Secure your pipe in the vise

3. Cut the end of the pipe by pipe cutter

• Wear your eyes protection “goggles”

4. Ream the cut end.

5. Select the die head according to the “size & type” of the pipe.

6. Place the die head over the pipe on the threader.

7. Press steadily on the front of the pipe, at the same time push
the handle down to start the threading.
• Before putting much pressure on the handle, make sure the
ratchet pawl is engaged.
8. Use your hands to put pressure on the handle.
- NEVER use any tool to free your hands, this can be dangerous.
9. Apply oil generously while threading.
Measurement of Pipe
• Pipe lengths: calculated by using Coordinates & Elevations

- Vertical lengths: calculated by Elevations

- Horizontal lengths: calculated by North-South & East-West

 Spool Piece
A short piece of pipe, usually installed to be removed for service or as a stand-in for valve.

Spacers

For short lengths is impractical, to span we use spacers

It’s recommended to use them in any piping to adjust for dimensional differences.
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)

• It is a standardized size designation used to describe the diameter of a pipe.

For example, “an NPS 4” pipe has a nominal size of 4 inches, but its actual outside diameter may be
different based on the pipe's wall thickness and material.

The difference between piping and pipeline

• The key difference lies in the scale and purpose of the systems.

- Piping is used for internal or localized fluid transport within an industrial facility.
- Pipelines are used for long-distance transportation of fluids between different locations or regions, usually underground.
 Valve System
Valves are mechanical devices designed to:
- Direct
- Start/Stop Valve components:
- Mix
- Regulate

Valves can be controlled or activated by:

- Mechanical control device
- Electrical, Hydraulic or Pneumatic
- Automatic control device
Valve component functions