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Deduction Speculation

The document discusses deduction, which is using logical thinking and available information to speculate or make guesses about situations. It provides examples of using modal verbs like "must" to express deductions about the present or past. A conversation is presented where characters make deductions about each other's situations. Tables are included that show the different forms and meanings used to express obligations or deductions about the present or past. Practice exercises follow that require filling in gaps to express deductions or abilities.

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23 views2 pages

Deduction Speculation

The document discusses deduction, which is using logical thinking and available information to speculate or make guesses about situations. It provides examples of using modal verbs like "must" to express deductions about the present or past. A conversation is presented where characters make deductions about each other's situations. Tables are included that show the different forms and meanings used to express obligations or deductions about the present or past. Practice exercises follow that require filling in gaps to express deductions or abilities.

Uploaded by

mohamedobadaerreur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UN :PEACE

Lesson :Deduction (Speculation )

Getting started :

*What is deduction ?

*Deduction is to speculate about situations using your logical thinking and the given information ( making guesses )

*EG : She does not speak with me these days .She must be angry with me .

*Given information : she does not speak with me .

*I use my logical thinking and Iguess that she is angry with me .( Here Iam doind deduction or I am

deducing using this structure :She must be angry….)

*Now listen to this conversation between SAM and JACK to understand more .

CONVERSATION :

SAM :I’d like to go to the French restaurant around the corner one day .It must be really good .It ‘s always full of people

JACK : It looks nice but it must also be expensive .Every customer is well dressed

SAM :Oh ! I’m hungry now .

JACK : You’ve just had lunch ,you can’t be hungry already .→the present and the future .

The structure is :Modal verbs +v inf ( be )

(I’m sure that sth

has happened ) ( I’m not sure that sth has happened) (I’m sure )

←----MUST------------- Might(not)-May(not)- Could(not)------------------------ can’t-----couldn’ ------- →

Obligation / deduction
Consider the following examples caerfully then complete the table below.

a- We must settle dispute peacefully.


b- You look so pale. You must be tired .
c- The quarreling countries reconciled .UNO must have convinced them.
d- My friend decided to quit his post in UNICEF.He must have a big problem at work.

forms Meanings
S+must + v obligation
S +must be +Adj /Noun Present deduction
S +must have +Noun Present deduction
S +must have +ppv Past deduction
PRACTICE :

Task 1 :Fill in tne gaps with :Must be /Must have

1-Martin Luther king knew the law well . He ……………………………………….studied law .


2-He stood up to injustice .He…………………………………………….been brave .
3-He knows politics well .He ………………………………………………….a political man .
4-War is not a game .You ……………………………courage to be a warrior (fighter )

Task 2 :What does each sentence express ?

SENTENCES Meanings
1 Past deduction
2 Past deduction
3 Present deduction
4 obligation

Task 1 :
1- Have been 2- must have 3-must be 4-must have

Tasks about ability

Task :Fill in the gaps with ( could –managed to )


a- The American white people …………………….use the blacks as slaves.
b- Martin Luther king ………………………deliver his famous speech « Ihave a dream ‘’ without
any problem.
c- The blacks ………………………………………to live free in America .
Task 2 :Fill in the gaps with ( can –was- were able to –has –have been able to –will be able to
)
a-The bomb fire spread everywhere but every body ………………………………………to escape .
b- The disputing countries rejected reconciliation at the beginning but UNO
………………………………………………to persuade them.
c-The disputing countries rejected reconciliation but UNO ………………………………………………to
persuade them soon.

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