Purposive Communication Reviewer by: symonddd

PRELIMS: Communication, Elements, 4cs, Criteria Language register, genre, and style

Elements in the Communication Process Language Register - refers to the degree of formality or
informality used in communication
1. Source - or Sender; where the message originates…
1.1 Encoding - processing the message to be sent. 1. Frozen or static language is a language that never changes
2. Message - the information, idea, thought, being relayed. and is often used in highly formal settings such as legal
3. Channel - means by which message is relayed. documents or religious ceremonies. Examples include the Pledge
3.1 Decoding - process the message being received. of Allegiance or the Lord's Prayer.
4. Receiver - or audience to whom the message is relayed.
5. Effect/Feedback 2. Formal language is typically used in academic or professional
settings where decorum and professionalism are highly valued. It
4Cs Model of Effective Communication is characterized by complex sentence structures, a broad
vocabulary, and a lack of contractions. For example, a research
1. Comprehension - clear, sharp, simple message paper or business letter may be written in formal language.
2. Connection - getting the M, its meaning/significance - makes
R want to respond. 3. Consultative language is used in more formal conversations
3. Credibility - believable S-M - connection is established. or interactions, such as doctor-patient consultations or job
4. Contagiousness - “M fever”, catches, spread - recall. interviews. It is more relaxed than formal language but still
maintains a level of decorum and respect.
Assessing Communication Competence: The Criteria
4. Casual language is commonly used in everyday conversation
1. Adaptability - ability to adjust to a given situation among friends, family, and acquaintances. It often features
2. Conversational Involvement - use of verbal and non-verbal contractions, slang, and colloquialisms.
gestures 4.1 Slang is used between people who belong to the
3. Conversation management - control/regulation of same social group and also those who know each other well.
communication Example, Telly (television)
4. Empathy - ability to put oneself in someone else’s shoes 4.2 Colloquial language is the everyday use of
5. Effectiveness - ability to achieve the objectives language, commonplace parlance or vernacular language.
6. Appropriateness - ability to meet expectations in any Example, Whatcha doin’ this weekend?
situation
5. Intimate language is used in private conversations between
MIDTERMS: individuals who are very familiar with each other, such as
Interculturalism/Culture, Language Register, Genre, and Style couples or close friends. It is highly informal and may include
inside jokes or personal anecdotes.
1. Culture-specific - Communication that is distinctive to a
culture is communication that takes place inside that culture. Genre - refers to the various types of language used for
2. Culture-general - Communication that crosses cultural specific purposes.
boundaries but does not take into consideration specific cultural
distinctions is referred to as "culture-general communication." 1. Language of information is used to provide factual
3. Intercultural communication - Also known as intercultural information, such as news articles or scientific reports.
engagement, is the exchange of ideas and information between
people or organizations from various cultural backgrounds. 2. Language of persuasion is used to convince or persuade
someone, such as in advertising or political speeches.
Culture is compared to an ICEBERG.
3. Language of argumentation is used to present an argument,
Material culture - are clothing, food, music, art, and architecture such as in legal or philosophical writing.
are examples of the physical things that people construct
4. Language of narration or description is used to tell a story
Non-material culture - is the term used to describe the or describe something, such as in novels or travel writing.
intangible aspects of culture, such as ideas, values, norms, and
social behaviors. 5. Language of aesthetics is used to evoke emotions or create
an artistic experience, such as in poetry or song lyrics.
 Style - the use of words to communicate a message. Outlines - a means to analyze the organization of somebody
else’s writing; reflect what the writer wants to include in the
1. Literary style is characterized by its use of metaphor, piece; serves as guide for the writing you do yourself; and helps
imagery, and symbolism to create a rich and evocative the writer
experience for the reader.
An outline is likened to a FRAMEWORK, A SKELETON,
2. Critical writing style is characterized by its focus on A ROAD MAP.
analyzing and critiquing a subject matter objectively.
Typical example is a table of contents.
3. Technical writing style is characterized by its use of clear and Types in terms of style:
concise language to convey complex information. 1. Topic – phrases
2. Sentence – sentences
4. The plain style emphasizes clarity and simplicity of language.
Always have at least two items under a heading.
5. Artistic style emphasizes creativity and aesthetic beauty.
2 Types of Abstact

FINALS: Technical, Business Communication Descriptive

- tells contents of report (summary)
Two Aspects of Technical Writing - introduces subject to readers, who must then read the report to
learn and study the results
1. The results/end products
2. The skills that go into writing/producing them Informative
a. special techniques - communicates contents of report
b. style - highlights essential points
c. intro, transition, conclusion - is short – from a paragraph to a page or two, depending on the
d. outlines length of the report (10% or less of the report)
e. layout, format - allows reader to determine whether they want to read the
report
Principles of Technical Writing
Special Techniques in Technical Writing
1. Writer must have a specific reader or group of readers.
2. He must have a specific purpose and makes sure that purpose Definition
is met. First, determine what should be defined.
3. He must use specific, single, concrete words and familiar The nature of language is that words are labels or symbols for
language. things, ideas.
4. He must check every part of his writing to see if he followed
these: Referent – the thing for which a word stands
a. telling the reader what he is going to tell them But sometimes, a writer and reader are not in perfect agreement
b. telling them as to the referent for certain words --- NO communication or
c. telling them what he had told them understanding is achieved.
5. He must make his writing presentable in format, layout…
4 Categories of Words
In technical writing there is no room for
MISINTERPRETATION. 1. familiar words for familiar things - should be used
whenever possible; definition is not necessary
Graphics or Graphic Aids - are materials that enhance the 2. familiar words for unfamiliar things - simple, everyday
content provided by text. words which have special meanings in S & T
- shop talk
Examples of graphic aids - ex. mouse, apron
3. unfamiliar words for familiar things
1. Tables - quantitative data in column form; combines large ex. medicines
amount of data in a concise way; should be properly numbered, 4. unfamiliar words for unfamiliar things
titled, captioned or labeled; and footnotes to indicate sources. - jargon; terms familiar only to professional groups
 Business Communication - is a process of linking Difference of CV and Resume:
superiors and subordinates to one another and to management The Curriculum Vitae (CV) presents a full history of
(Sharma, 1991); Relies on feedback; It is also considered as your academic credentials. In contrast, a resume presents a
private written communication. concise picture of your skills and qualifications for a specific
position.
4 Directions of Communication in an Organization
Letter of Application and Resume
1. Downward - higher to lower Three Types
2. Upward - lower to higher 1. Solicited – in response to an advertisement
3. Lateral - “horizontal” same level 2. Unsolicited – no ad was responded to
4. Outward - organization to public 3. Blind advertisement

7 Essential Parts of a Business Letter The application letter is like a sales letter in that it
sells the applicant and his qualifications to a prospective
1. Heading – address of the sender employer.
2. Date – when the letter is written
3. Inside address – Complete name of the addressee or recipient Two objectives of this letter:
(Inc MI, all in CAPS) immediate – to get called to an interview
His official position/title ultimate – to be hired or get the position
Complete name of his company, organization
Compete address of his company Guide in writing the paragraphs in your application letter
4. Greeting or Salutation – Dear Mr./Atty./Engr. Rivera: or
Punctuation mark is colon or comma 1. First paragraph - aims to attract the reader’s attention
5. Body – content of the letter (3-4 paragraphs)
6. Complimentary closing – Yours truly, Respectfully, 1st sentence: the manner in which the applicant came to know of
7. Signature above name (all CAPS) of sender/writer the opening
2nd sentence: exact purpose of the writer
Before sending the letter, make sure it is neat, appealing,
balanced, and follows a standard format. 2. Second paragraph - to create the employer’s interest in your
application
Optional Parts
1.ID line 1st sentence: educational attainment including scholastic honors
2. Enclosure Encl: Minutes of Meeting received
3. EPG/otm 2nd sentence: work experience, trainings, seminars attended
3rd sentence: most desirable characteristics and skills related to
A letter of application should be effective and the job
powerful enough for the applicant to land a job. It is a cover letter
for your resume and other attachments. 3. Third paragraph - to make the employer believe that you are
the right person the company is looking for.
Formats of Business Letter
1st sentence: attachments or enclosures of proofs of your
1. Full Block qualifications (diploma, TOR, certificates, etc.)
- most popular/commonly used 2nd sentence: evidence of personal qualities (membership in
- margins all left aligned, no indention school/community/ professional organizations; participation in
2. Modified Block outreach activities, elective post)
- like full block except for the dateline (if with letterhead) and the 3rd sentence: references to vouch for you (photocopies of your
complimentary closing and signature which are on the right side. claims)
3. Semi-Block
- Same as modified block, except that the paragraphs in the body 4. Fourth paragraph - urge the employer to act on your letter
are indented.
4. Memorandum 1st sentence: request for an interview
- for internal use in an organization 2nd sentence: exact information about the suggested place, time
- No inside address, no greeting/salutation, no complimentary of interview, plus your contact information
closing
Size of paper for business letters: 8x11 (Letter size), not A4.
The resume always goes with the letter of application. A resume should only consist of 1 page.
Formats of resume

Traditional or Chronological
- most recent to past jobs
- good for people with continuous record of employment

Functional
- focuses on writer’s accomplishments
- good for people with broken record of employment and for new graduates w/o any work experience
- good for positions in advertising, sales, entertainment, creative jobs

Combination
- of #1 and 2
- also good for fresh graduates

Two types of Resume

Targeted – to suit a particular job; response to a solicited letter of application.

General – good for unsolicited application letter and for just about any job opening

OTHER IMPORTANT POINTS:

1. The harry potter series — the books and movies, where do they fall?
2. When it comes to multidimensional transactions, yun ay transactional.
3. Most superficial level of interculturalism is Multiculturalism.
4. Best friends from childhood would finish each others sentences (what register) Intimate.
5. Slang colloquialism? Slang is temporary while colo is classic and used in everyday language and does not really change.
6. Benefits of outlines and abstracts
7. Business letters and other docu that are written are official and permanent records of that organization
8. Which category of word does not need definition? familiar words for familiar things
9. Yung SIMILE? compare things to other things that are similar to them while you contrast them to things that are opposite or
contradictory to them. Juxtaposition? Anthesis?
10. Two types of Resume; targeted – to suit a particular job; response to a solicited letter of application. general – good for
unsolicited application letter and for just about any job opening
11. Ang formats ng resume ay tatlo: traditional or chronological, functional, combination.
12. What should you not put on your resume?
13. It is not good for an applicant to do this, lalo na during interviews. Dont initiate tungkol sa pera: salary, benefits, and
renumerations. Do not overvalue yourself.
14. Letter of application, what should go into the first paragraph. Sabihin agad ang intent mo which is applying for a position.
15. Second paragraph is about your achievements and experiences
16. Third, provide evidences for the second paragraph
17. Word of appreciation
18. An application letter is said to be powerful enough when the applicant is called for an interview
19. Two objectives of a letter application is immediate and ultimate
20. Ang mga writers are generally prefer short and simple structured sentences
21. Anong klaseng documents ang pedeng isubmit sa Hr na photocopy?
22. Business letters should not have participial endings
23. Anong letter pinapadala to verify the claims of an applicant. Letter of Reference.
24. Ano ang pinaka madaling makitamg example ng isang outline.
25. Yung pinagkaiba ng dalawang type of abstract, descriptive and informative