MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH

BY : K RAMESH (TGT S ST) KV URI

AND
DEEPAK KUMAR (TGT S ST)
 INTRODUCTION
Earth is a unique planet in the sense that it has a life-
supporting system that helps in the growth and
development of life . These life-supporting systems are
part of Lithosphere,Atmosphere,Hydrosphere, and
Biosphere.
• Lithosphere is solid in organic portion of the earth which
comprises rocks and mineral material. the gaseous
envelope surrounding the earth with a gravitational force
is known as the atmosphere. The sphere which is covered
with water is called the Hydrosphere. The biosphere is the
sum total of all other three spheres.
 1-LITHOSPHERE
• The literal meaning of lithosphere is ‘sphere of
rocks’. It is the uppermost layer of rocks which is
in organic solid nature and composed of various
mineral materials
• It includes high mountain ranges like Himalayas
south Asia, the Rockies in North America, the
Andes in South America; Plateaus.
• There are seven continents on the earth. Asia is the
largest followed by Africa, North America, South
America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.
 Continents
• North
Americ
a
• South
Americ
a
• Europe
• Asia
• Africa
• Australia
• Antarctica
 Asia
• Asia is the biggest continent, and
it has the most people – it is very
crowded in some parts of Asia!
• China is one very big country in
Asia
• Giant Pandas live in China and eat
bamboo
• A cool place to visit in Asia isthe
Great Wall of China – it is the
largest structure ever built by man
 North America
• This is the continent we live on
• North America is cold in thenorth
and warm in the south
• Buffalo live in NorthAmerica
• People in North Americacame here
from many other continents
• The USA, Mexico, and Canada are
the three biggest countries in North
America
 Africa
• Africa is a very hot continent
because the equator runs
through the middle of it
• Lions live in Africa
• Most people in Africahave
dark skin and hair
• The Egyptian pyramids are in
Africa
 South America
• South America is awarm
continent
• People there speak mostly
Spanish
• The biggest country is Brazil,
where people love to play
soccer
• The Amazon rainforest is in
South America
 Antarctica
• Antarctica is the coldest
continent
• No people live in Antarctica,
but some scientists visit to
study the weather or animals
there
• Many kinds of penguinslive
in Antarctica
 Europe
• There are 47 countries in
Europe
• People in Europe speak over
50 languages!
• The weather in Europe is
similar to North America –
cold in the northand warm
in the south
 Australia
• Australia is an island continent
• Native people in Australiaare
called Aborigines
• Other people in Australia are
related to criminals sent from
Europe long ago
• Kangaroos, koalas, and platypuses
live in Australia
• The Great Barrier Reef is in
Australia
• The weather in Australia is the
opposite of our weather
COMPERATIVE STUDY
(AREA WISE)
 2-Hydrosphere

 The hydrosphere is the part of the earth

that contains water.

FOR MORE DETAIL CLICK THE LINK BELOW

https://youtu.be/48KuPTBuYmE
The Structure of Hydrosphere

 Oceans—96.5% of  Fresh water

water is salt water distribution:
and it found in the  Ice: 1.762%
oceans.  Groundwater: 1.7%
 Fresh water—the  Surface Fresh
remaining 3 percent Water: 0.014%
is freshwater.  Atmosphere and
soil: 0.002%
Understanding Where Your Water Is
Located—Oceans and Ice
 What bodies of water hold the largest
amount of water?
 Oceans—the largest bodies of water on
Earth (contain salt water only)
 Examples of oceans:
 Atlantic Ocean
 Indian Ocean
 Pacific Ocean
Understanding Where Your Water Is
Located—Oceans and Ice
 What features
house water as
ice?
 Icebergs: a
large piece of
freshwater ice
floating in
open waters.
Understanding Where Your Water Is
Located—Oceans and Ice
 What features house
water as ice?
 Glaciers: any large
mass of ice that
moves slowly over
land
 *permanent snow
areas also “house”
water as ice
 OCEANS
• The World’s Oceans
• 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by ocean
water.
• The oceans contain 97% of the earth’s water.
• All the oceans and seas are in reality one
continuous
• body of water.
• 90% of all volcanic activity occurs in theoceans.
 PACIFIC OCEAN
• The Pacific Ocean
• The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all the oceans.
• The area and volume of the Pacific Ocean are greater thanthe
• Atlantic and Indian combined.
• • The Mariana Trench in the Pacific ocean is the deepest point
in
• the world, reaching a depth of 10,911 metres.
• • Its name was given by a Portuguese explorer Ferdinand
• Magel an , Mar Pacifico in Portuguese, meaning"peaceful
sea“.
• • The International Date Line passes through the Pacific
Ocean
 Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world. Of
all the world's oceans, Atlantic Ocean is the youngest. It is
believed to have been formed during the Jurassic
Period. It is one of the busiest sea routes in the Western and
Eastern Hemispheres.
The name 'Atlantic' is derived from the legendaryisland of
'Atlantis', as described by Plato - one of the ancient writers.
 Indian Ocean
• The Indian Ocean
• Indian Ocean, the third largest saline-water body of the world, derives its
• name from India
• The only ocean which derives its name from the name ofa country.
• Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean in theworld.
• Indian Ocean is known as 'Ratnakara' in the ancient Sanskritliterature.
• Ratnakara means 'the maker (creator) of jewels'.
• its limited marine animal life which is due to higher water temperature of
• this ocean.
• Waters in the Indian Ocean have one of the lowest oxygen content of the
• world owing to greater evaporation rate in this ocean
 ARTIC OCEAN
• The ARTIC OCEAN
• The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest
• It is also the coldest of all the oceans.
• The north pole is situated in the middle of the Arctic
• ocean , there is no land on at the north pole, it is a floating
• raft of ice.
• Once called the Frozen Ocean, the Arctic Ocean is
• covered with ice (2—14 ft/.6—4 m thick) throughoutthe
• year in most of itscentral and western portions.
• The Arctic Ocean is roughly 8%the size of thePacific
• Ocean.
• During winter the Arctic Ocean is almostcompletely
• covered in sea ice.
Name the continents
and oceans
Introduction to the
Atmosphere
The air around us.
 What is the atmosphere?
• The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of
air, which we call the atmosphere. It
reaches over 560 kilometers (348
miles) from the surface of the Earth, so
we are only able to see what occurs
fairly close to the ground.
• This “blanket” moderates temperature,
protects us from harmful radiation and
supports life.
Composition of the Atmosphere
 The present composition of
the atmosphere is:
 21% OXYGEN (O2)
 78% NITROGEN (N2)
 0.04% CARBON
DIOXIDE (CO2)
 ~0.9% ARGON (Ar)
 Besides water vapor, several
other gases are also present
in much smaller amounts:
 Carbon monoxide (formula CO)
 Neon (Ne)
 Oxides of nitrogen
 Methane (CH4)
 Krypton (Kr)
 THE FIRST BILLION YEARS
• The Earth's surface
was originally molten, as
it cooled the volcanoes
out gassed out massive
amounts of:
• CARBON DIOXIDE,
• STEAM (H2O vapor),
• AMMONIA and
• METHANE.
• There was NO
OXYGEN. The
STEAM condensed to
form water which
then produced shallow
seas.
 THE
BIOSPHERE
 ACTIVITY
IDENTIFY CONTINENTS AND OCEANS OF THE EARTH