n of John of Gaunt, is first Henry Vi suffers from mental iliness. Wars of the Roses s battle-hardened soldiers returned from the French wars, many entered the service of powerful English lords. Their job ¥ was to bully peasants for payment of taxes, or to fight in private armics. There was no shortage of work for them. For 30 years, from 1455 until 1485, there were civil wars as rival branches of the royal family fought for the throne of England. LANCASTER AND YORK The Houses of Lancaster and York were both descended from Edward If. Their rivalry came to a head when a Lancastrian king, Henry VI, became too mentally ill to rule. In 1454, Wichard, Duke of York, was appointed Protector. When Henry VI got Yok better, Richard would not give up his new-found power, and went to war, Henry VI was defeated 3 he sti ane St Albans in 1455, but chen Richard was killed 3 Henry Vicarage senate Wakefield in 1460. combaniedd bath eeragns in a cechara white Tuclor 10 too for the House of Lancaster A white rose wo the ¢ ENGLISH KINGS ©" House of Lancaster House of York House of Tudor § Henry IV 1399-1413 + Edward SV 1461-1470 te bh Henry VIL 1485-1509 #HenryV 1413-1422 1471-1483 ; + Henry VI 1422-1461 & = EdwardV 1483 * 3 1470-1471 oh Which dM 1483-1485 Escanead con ComScaneieEY! PEt tee SEO R Ces ican ictae yd Tee. aa ead WARWICK ‘THE KINGMAKER? A NEW POWERFUL KING The most powerful man in England at Edward [V was a brave fighter, a clever this time was not the weak king, but army commander and a good Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, It politician. He became king in 1461. was he who had Richard's son | Edward liked food, drink and pretty proclaimed Edward 1V in 1461/the women. He was also ruthless in his first Yorkist king, Henry VI vas] search for power and he gave orders for imprisoned and exiled. Later, Warwick Henry VI to be murdered. When he fell out with Edward and broughe . suspected his brother of Henry VI back to the throne. No plotting against him, he wonder he was remembered in history ordered him to be as the ‘kingmaker’, Edward retutned to drowned, Edward seck revenge. Warwick was killed in died in 1483, battle and Henry was murdered! in the Tower of London in 1471 ' Edevard IV won bis frst ; beth in 1416 when ba was 18 Hales fishing wath hen game Hency MN apreed b= Wid be: Ue ext bay THE AGE OF PRINTING In 147) an Enghshenan called Willan Caxton uavelled to the German eity of Cologne. There he learned about a new technology that had been invented in China and developed in Germany and the Netherlands. ft was called prinung, and te would change the world, Caxton set up his own printing press at Westrrunster in 1476 and produced about 100 titles 4 Famous books published by Caxton at Westmunster mdude Prnung pees t Le Morte Arthur ond Geoffrey Chaucer’ Canterbury Tales. | Escanead con ComScaneerst ec Edward of York is proclaimed King of England. SMa Eanes THE MARCH TO BOSWORTH Edward IV died in 1483. His heir, Edward V, was too young to rule for himself, so he and his young brother were left in the care of their uncle, Richard of Gloucester. They went to live in the Tower of London, but mysteriously, were never seen again. Gloucester was crowned Richard III in the same year, at the request of parliament. He did not rule for Jong. In 1485 the Earl of Richmond, a Lancastrian, landed in Wales. His name Henry Tudor and he defeated and kil Richard [lat the battle of Bosworth, near Leicester. was WHO MURDERED THE PRINCES? Did Richard IIT murder the princes in the Tower? He had every reason to, Skeletons were found in the Tower in 1674 and buried in Westminster Abbey. However some historians believe that Richard III was not sucha villain as he is often made out } to be. Might Henry VII have been the trug murde:ELE) ri Young Edward and his brother disappear, Henry Vil momied Ekzabeth of York and united the houses of Loncester ond York The Wors of the Roses hod ended. Richard ll wos kiled ot the battle of Bosworth in 1485 This brought obout the end of the Wars of the Roses. ei ep Alam eet ee ES A NEW DYNASTY BEGINS Henry VII founded a new ruling family. Henry Tudor was the son of a Welsh Jord, Edmund Tudor, and an English noblewoman, Lady Margaret Beaufort. He had a weak claim to be king but he brought peace to England and an end to the Wars of the Roses. When he died in 1509, England was richer and calmer than it had been for hundreds of years. : Escanead con ComScane