Question 1. What is a tissue?

Answer: A group of cells that are similar in structure and work together to do a
peculiar function is called tissue.
Question 2. What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?
Answer: Tissues provide structural strength, mechanical strength, show
division of labour.
Question 3.give one example of the apical meristem and lateral meristem

Answer: Apical meristem:

1. Apical meristems are the meristems that are present at the tips of the
root, shoots, and branches and are responsible for increasing the
length of the plant.
2. Root apex and shoot apex are examples of the apical meristem.

Lateral meristem:

1. Lateral meristems are the meristems that are present at the

longitudinal axis region of the plants and are responsible for
increasing the girth of the plant.
2. Vascular cambium and cork cambium are examples of lateral
meristem.

Question 4:what is the main function of parenchyma?

Answer: The following are the parenchyma cells' most significant roles in
plants:

1. It stores nutrients and food.

2. It offers a base and support.
3. Involved in development and growth.
4. Give the plant mechanical stiffness.
5. They serve as the location of all metabolic processes.
6. Aids in wound regeneration, healing, and restoration.
7. Involved in the transport of nutrients and water
8. Or , The main function of parenchyma is to store food and provide
turgidity to organ where it is found.

Question 5.Give one main function of collenchyma ?

 Collenchyma provides mechanical strength as well as flexibility to the
plant organs.
Or ,
Collenchyma helps to provide strength to the plant’s stems, branches, leaves,
and other structures. This strength allows plants to grow up without breaking
from the weight of their own body. Collenchyma also provides a protective
layer for plants that contain water-holding cells called hydrochomes. This helps
to prevent water loss through the plant’s tissues when it is under drought
conditions or when there is intense sunlight exposure from high-altitude
regions.
Question 6.which type of simple tissue is used for making ropes?
Answer: Sclerenchyma is a form of plant tissue that is based on
different types of hard woody cells. Sclerenchyma cells that have
reached maturity are normally dead cells with strongly thickened
secondary walls containing lignin.
Ropes are made from sclerenchyma. This is because sclerenchyma is
a tissue that provides mechanical strength and rigidity, as well as the
ability to withstand a variety of strains without breaking. The
deposition of lignin on the cell walls of sclerenchyma gives it
mechanical power. Lignin is a flexible protein of high tensile and
compressional strength. Because of this, it does not easily crack or
buckle when stretched.

Question 7.give one example on protective part of tissue?

Cork is the protective part of the plant.

Short answer type question.

Question 1. What are the three types of simple permanent tissues

Simple permanent tissues:

1. The completely grown tissues that have no ability to divide further are
known as permanent tissues.
2. The permanent tissues are formed by the division and differentiation of
meristematic tissues.
 3. The three types of simple permanent tissues are Parenchyma,
Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma.

Parenchyma:

1. Parenchyma are tissues that have unspecialized living cells that have thin
walls.
2. The cells are loosely packed and thus there are intracellular spaces.
3. The function of parenchyma is to support and protect the plant and store
food.

Collenchyma:

1.
2. Collenchyma are tissues that have thin-walled cells.
3. The cells have a thickening of cellulose, water, and pectin at the corners.
4. The function of collenchyma is to support, and provide elasticity and
tensile strength to the plants.

Sclerenchyma:

1. Sclerenchyma are the tissues that have thick-walled cells and dead cells.
2. The cell walls of these cells are thick due to the deposition of lignin.
3. The function of sclerenchyma is to provide mechanical stiffness and
strength to the plant.

Question 2.Draw a well labelled diagram of phloem.

Question3.Distinguish between xylem and phloem.
Xylem Phloem
Xylem tissues are tubular shaped
Phloem tissues are elongated, tubular
structure, with the absence of cross
shaped structures that include thin sieve
walls. This tissue resembles the shape
tubes with walls.
of a star.
Xylem occupies the center of the Phloem is located on the outer side of the
vascular bundle. vascular bundle.
Xylem fibres are smaller. Phloem fibres are larger.
They are present in leaves, roots, stems
They are present in leaves, stems, and
but transports and grow in fruits seeds
roots.
and roots.
These tissues move in a
These tissues move in a Bidirectional.
Unidirectional. (only in one direction
(both the ways – up and down)
– upward direction)
 They live with cytoplasm without the
They live with hollow dead cells.
nucleus.
The total amount of xylem tissue is
The total amount of phloem tissue is less.
more.
It consists of four of elements: sieve
It consists of tracheids, vessel
tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers,
elements, xylem parenchyma, xylem
bast fibers, intermediary cells and the
sclerenchyma and xylem fibers.
phloem parenchyma.
Transports food and other nutrients
Transports soluble mineral nutrients
including sugar and amino acids from
and water molecules from the roots to
leaves to storage organs and growing
the aerial parts of the plant.
parts of the plant.
Forms vascular bundles with phloem. Forms vascular bundles with xylem.
Translocates the synthesized sugars by
Provides mechanical strength to plant
the photosynthetic areas of plants to
and helps in strengthening of the
storage organs like roots, bulbs, and
stem.
tubers.
It is responsible for replacing the total
amount of lost water molecules It is responsible for transporting proteins
through transpiration and and mRNAs throughout the plant.
photosynthesis.

Long answers

Question 1.what are tissues?why are plant and animal tissue different?
Answer: A group of cells having common origin, similar structure
and performing a definite function is called a tissue. Tissues are
found in plants and animals. Plants and animals are made up of
many different kinds of tissues. For example, groups of bone cells
form bone tissues and muscle cells form muscle tissue.
plant tissue Animal tissue
Cells of animal tissue do not have cell
Cells of plant tissue have cell wall.
wall.
Some tissues are living and some are
All tissues are living.
dead.
Growth is restricted to the tips of stem
Growth is uniform all over the body.
and roots.
They are mainly of two types permanent They are of four types muscle tissue,
 epithelial tissue, nervous tissue and
tissue and meristematic tissue.
connective tissue.
These tissues require less energy and Due to entensive body mobility these
maintenance as plants do not require tissues require more energy and
movement. maintenance.
They provide strength and support to the
They control all functions.
plant.