‘SMART SAFE SECURE HELMET SYSTEMS’

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Relevance
1.3 Literature Survey
1.4 Motivation
1.5 Problem Definition
1.6 Scope and Objectives
1.7 Technical Approach
2 Chapter 2
2.1 Introduction of the Helmet Detection System
2.2 Introduction to Accident Detection System
3 Proposed System
4 Conclusions
5 Future Scope
 ABSTRACT

This project aims to ensure the safety and security of the bikers against road accidents.
The primary objective of the project is to develop a smart helmet which has intelligent circuit
to provide precaution to the bikers.
Features of the Helmet include – Location tracking, accident detection, helmet
detection.
This is done by incorporating various technologies like Bluetooth module (HC-05)
connection, Mobile Sensor Data Interpretation (Accelerometer) and Android App
development processes in Java.
Master and Slave Architecture is implemented using Arduino Uno (ATmega328P).
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
The number of road accidents has increased at an alarming rate over the past
decade. Majority of the casualty involved was that of the bikers. According to the
statistics provided by the government, out of 73 people killed in road accidents in 2017
in Bengaluru, 66 died due to not wearing helmets. In 2018, out of 44 people killed in
road accidents, 40 died due to not wearing helmet.
Wearing a helmet may significantly reduce the injuries incurred by the rider and
may also prevent worst case scenario of death.

1.2 Relevance:
Thus, this project aims to improve road safety by ensuring the rider has worn Helmet
while riding a two wheeled vehicle, to avoid serious head injury during an accident. If
the rider has not worn his/her helmet, an alarm goes off reminding the rider to wear the
helmet.
In case of an accident, the concerned authority like the Police Department and the
Medical department, along with the rider’s emergency contacts shall be informed along
with the rider’s location.
 1.3 Literature Survey
Sr
No: Title Authors Techniques Advantages Disadvantages
1) Smart Helmet By: Mohd. Use of FSR and Reduces Uncontrolled
with Sensors Khairul Afiq, BLDC fan to response radiation of the
for Accident Mohd Rasli, detect accident time in case RF module
Prevention Nina Korlina of accident
Madzhi, Juliana
Johari.
2) Smart Helmet By: Nitin Circuit prevents Improves Uncontrolled
Agarwal ignition of motorcycle radiation of the
vehicle if safety RF module
helmet is not
worn
3) Smart Helmet By: Review of all Provides Bike will not
to Avoid Ashwinkumar, other smart information start when
Road Kills T. Limbanee. Helmet systems about the there is no
(SHARK) necessity of helmet. So, the
smart helmet vehicle cannot
systems be used at the
time of
emergency
4) Accident By: Arsalan Detection of Reduces Less reliability
Detection and Khan, Farzana accident using response
Smart Rescue Bibi and Mohd. smartphone time
System using Dilshad. sensors
Android
Smartphone
with Real
time Location
Tracker
5) Smart Helmet By: Jawwad Wireless Additional Complicated
Patel Communication Features like design and not
using Bluetooth Smoking, feasible for real
between alcohol, and world
components. theft implementation
detection
6) Accident By: Ashish Patil Automatic Reduces High cost due
Detection and Yadav Accident fatality rate to expensive
System using Abhilash. Detection using even in rural components
Android Android areas
Application Application
7) Go Safe: By: Isha Khot, Notifies user in In case of an Not 100%
Android Madhura case of accident, the Accurate due
Application Jadhav, Abhijeet Accident system finds to various
for Accident Desai and nearby using the nearest obstacles
 Detection and Vaibhav sensors like emergency
Notification Bhangar. accelerometers point.

8) Car Accident By: Zainab Accident Image and False Positives

Detection and Salim Alwan Detection using Video
Notification Smartphone Monitoring
System using sensor and in case of
Smartphone notification Accident for
system using Precision.
Web Server

1.4 Motivation
We started our investigation with the basic question – “What can we do to reduce
the fatalities in road accidents?”. We came to know, that use of Helmets can
reduce the risk of death in case of accident by almost 85%. Also, we intrigued to
ourselves – “How can we reduce the response time of emergency services in case
of an accident?” All this motivated us to develop our system, which we proudly
rely on, to reduce the risk of death in case of an accident.

1.5 Problem Definition

Today in the age of ‘Smart India’, there is a need to provide a Smart Helmet
system, which will reduce the risk of death, as well as ensure that the helmet is
worn by the rider. In doing so, one faces many problems like reliability, range,
and the most important part – Cost of the system.

1.6 Scope and Objectives

The main objective is to ensure that the helmet is present on the rider’s head. The
second objective is to reduce the response time of emergency services in case of a
mishap accident by notifying them. Future scope is to increase the accuracy in
detection of an accident by testing the system in relevant environments.
1.7 Technical Approach
We used FSR to detect the presence of helmet on the rider’s head. Also, we have
designed an Android application for the detection of accident, which monitors the
data from the Smartphone’s accelerometer. If the value exceeds a certain limit,
the Location of the rider is sent to the relevant authorities and the emergency
contacts.
 CHAPTER 3
INTRODUCTION OF HELMET DETECTION SYSTEM

Block Diagrams:

Helmet Module

Vehicle Module
COMPONENTS USED AND THEIR FEATURES-
1) Arduino Uno (ATmega328P) (2):
 The operating voltage is 5V.
 The recommended input voltage will range from 7v to 12V.
 The input voltage ranges from 6v to 20V.
 Digital input/output pins are 14.
 Analog i/p pins are 6.
 DC Current for each input/output pin is 40 mA.
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
2) Bluetooth module HC-05 (2):

 Bluetooth protocol: Bluetooth Specification v2.0+EDR

 Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band
 Modulation: GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying)
 Emission power: ≤4dBm, Class 2
 Sensitivity: ≤-84dBm at 0.1% BER
 Speed: Asynchronous: 2.1Mbps (Max) / 160 kbps, Synchronous:
1Mbps/1Mbps

3. Force Sensing Resistor:

 Actuation Force - 0.1
 Newtons Force Sensitivity Range -0.1 - 10.02
 Newtons Force Repeatability (Single part) - ± 2%
 Force Resolution - continuous
 Force Repeatability3 (Part to Part) - ±6%
 Non-Actuated Resistance - 10M W
 Size -18.28mm diameter
 Thickness Range -0.2 - 1.25 mm
4. AND Gate IC7408 (1)
5. OR Gate IC7432 (1)
6. Buzzer (1)
7. Jumping wires
 INTRODUCTION OF ACCIDENT DETECTION SYSTEM

An Android app written in Java, which detects accident using Smartphone

sensor i.e. Accelerometer. In case of accident, the App sends the location of the rider
to the emergency services as well as emergency contacts in the form of an SMS.

Above given, are the pictures of the Android app’s working. The left one depicts the
entry of emergency contact, while the right one shows the location tracking when the app
detects an accident.
 CHAPTER 3
PROPOSED SYSTEM

The above picture is the Prototype of the Helmet Detection Module.

Working of the Helmet Detection Module:

The helmet detecting system works on wireless communication between the
helmet and the vehicle. The helmet comprises three latch switches on the inner
surface.
Setup 1 Consisting of Arduino micro controller and Bluetooth module HC-05
configured as a master module is implemented on the helmet.
Setup 2 Consisting of Arduino micro controller, Bluetooth module HC-05 configured
as a slave module and a buzzer) is set up on the vehicle.
When the vehicle is switched on, the slave setup uses the vehicle’s power to ring the
buzzer. Thereafter, upon wearing the helmet, the pressure exerted from the rider
against the helmet’s inner surface is sensed using the FSR. If the pressure exerted on
the FSR is greater than the experimented threshold value, then a signal is sent from the
master module to the slave module and the buzzer stops buzzing. In this way, the
system senses whether the rider has worn a helmet, thereby ensuring his/her safety.
Working of the Accident Detection Android application:
 The Android App first sets the emergency contacts provided by the user. It then
monitors the data values from the Smartphone’s Accelerometer. If the Value is greater
than a certain value (which is 4g in our case), it then notifies the emergency contacts
in the form of an SMS. It also sends the Location of the rider to the contacts. In this
way, the emergency services can approach the location of accident as soon as possible.
Thereby, reducing the risk of casualty.

Conclusions:
The System makes a successful and errorless detection of the presence of a helmet on
the rider’s head. Also, the accident detection app works very successfully in achieving
the task of accident detection and notification. However, there is still a minor scope of
False Positives in Accident Detection.

Future Scope:
 During mass production, the cost per system will be reduced to 60%. But we’re
planning to reduce it to a lesser cost.
 We’re also planning to implement media connectivity onto the Helmet module.
 The testing of this system for accurate data set is yet to be implemented.